Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2015 1
Turkmenistan
Item 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
POPULATION Total population million; as of 1 July 4.34 4.40 4.45 4.50 4.55 4.60 4.65 4.70 4.75 4.80 4.86 4.92 4.98 5.04 5.11 5.17 5.24 5.31 Population density persons per square kilometer 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 Population annual change, percent 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3
LABOR FORCEa thousand; calendar year 1,976 2,006 2,039 2,120 2,179 2,253 2,320 2,389 ...... Employed 1,816 1,839 1,952 1,908 1,947 2,013 2,065 2,110 ...... Agriculture 844 888 878 908 943 980 995 1,017 ...... Industry 203 230 234 248 262 285 285 291 ...... Others 769 721 740 752 742 748 785 802 ...... Unemployed 37 40 42 51 57 57 60 62 ...... Unemployment rateb percent 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 ...... Labor force annual change, percent 2 2 2 4 3 3 3 3 ......
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS million Turkmen manats; calendar year At Current Prices GDP by industrial origin at current market prices 2,222 2,799 4,011 5,130 7,024 9,048 11,881 14,764 17,862 22,251 27,000 49,470 57,611 63,122 83,315 100,218 119,275 137,766 Agriculture 446 705 996 1,177 1,670 1,894 2,272 2,710 3,310 3,826 5,091 5,989 6,953 9,054 11,471 14,119 16,778 ... Mining Electricity, gas, and water 41 70 59 104 150 163 224 271 313 383 488 1,249 1,455 1,443 1,828 2,252 2,675 ... Manufacturing 771 843 1,202 1,693 2,332 2,784 3,645 4,411 5,166 6,260 7,994 20,498 23,833 23,653 29,963 36,890 43,832 ... Construction 252 366 490 347 383 699 751 910 1,141 1,320 1,700 4,403 5,072 5,048 6,402 7,868 9,356 ... Tradec 81 108 163 180 281 362 493 673 900 1,188 1,347 1,947 2,278 2,709 3,429 4,222 5,018 ... Transport and communications 230 219 268 340 365 575 773 997 1,391 1,820 2,046 2,984 3,480 4,135 5,243 6,450 7,666 ... Finance Public administration 306 415 833 1,287 1,592 2,127 3,037 3,968 5,378 7,140 8,026 11,649 13,632 16,188 20,509 25,247 29,999 ... Others Taxes less subsidies on products 95 73 – – 251 444 687 824 262 314 309 751 907 891 4,468 3,170 3,951 ... GNI 2,299 2,834 4,002 4,817 6,815 8,800 11,726 14,533 16,621 21,600 26,223 46,811 54,029 57,724 73,743 87,291 110,060 ...
Structure of Output percent of GDP at current prices Agriculture 21.0 25.9 24.8 22.9 24.7 22.0 20.3 19.4 18.8 17.4 19.1 12.3 12.3 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 ... Industry 50.0 46.9 43.6 41.8 42.3 42.4 41.3 40.1 37.6 36.3 38.1 53.7 53.5 48.4 48.4 48.4 48.4 ... Services 29.0 27.2 31.5 35.2 33.0 35.6 38.4 40.4 43.6 46.3 42.8 34.0 34.2 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 ...
Expenditure on GDP at current market prices 2,222 2,799 4,011 5,130 7,024 9,048 11,881 14,764 17,862 22,251 27,000 49,470 57,611 63,122 83,315 100,218 119,275 137,766 Household consumption 1,520 2,140 3,039 1,871 3,676 4,135 6,753 9,173 8,321 7,179 9,741 18,453 8,210 3,247 6,493 15,111 11,138 ... Government consumption 295 454 479 729 803 1,004 1,431 1,874 2,366 2,240 2,444 3,620 5,642 5,990 7,590 8,876 10,917 ... Gross fixed capital formation 919 1,273 1,591 1,782 2,227 2,494 3,020 3,404 4,094 4,339 5,022 15,682 26,847 33,392 43,267 47,303 60,445 ... Change in inventories 161 Exports of goods and services 1,140 914 2,252 4,899 5,717 6,248 7,403 9,102 11,615 16,263 20,356 31,690 42,975 49,118 62,233 73,418 89,762 ... Less: Imports of goods and services 1,830 1,982 3,349 4,152 5,399 4,832 6,726 8,789 8,534 7,770 10,449 19,974 26,063 28,625 36,268 44,490 52,987 ... Statistical discrepancy 16 -0 – -0 – -0 – – – – -115 – – – – -0 – ...
Structure of Demand percent of GDP at current market prices Household consumption 68.4 76.4 75.8 36.5 52.3 45.7 56.8 62.1 46.6 32.3 36.1 37.3 14.3 5.1 7.8 15.1 9.3 ... Government consumption 13.3 16.2 11.9 14.2 11.4 11.1 12.0 12.7 13.2 10.1 9.1 7.3 9.8 9.5 9.1 8.9 9.2 ... 2 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2015
Turkmenistan
Item 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Gross domestic capital formation 48.6 45.5 39.7 34.7 31.7 27.6 25.4 23.1 22.9 19.5 18.6 31.7 46.6 52.9 51.9 47.2 50.7 ... Change in inventories 7.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... Exports of goods and services 51.3 32.7 56.1 95.5 81.4 69.0 62.3 61.7 65.0 73.1 75.4 64.1 74.6 77.8 74.7 73.3 75.3 ... Imports of goods and services 82.4 70.8 83.5 80.9 76.9 53.4 56.6 59.5 47.8 34.9 38.7 40.4 45.2 45.3 43.5 44.4 44.4 ... Statistical discrepancy 0.7 -0.0 – -0.0 – -0.0 – – – – -0.4 – – – – -0.0 – ...
At Constant Prices GDP by industrial origin at 2005 market prices 10,586 11,337 13,208 13,930 14,535 14,573 15,049 15,801 17,862 19,821 22,001 25,235 26,775 29,238 33,361 37,064 40,844 45,051 Agriculture 2,124 2,857 3,281 3,197 3,456 3,050 2,877 2,900 3,310 3,408 4,148 3,055 3,231 4,194 4,593 5,222 5,746 ... Mining Electricity, gas, and water 194 283 194 282 310 263 284 290 313 341 398 637 676 669 732 833 916 ... Manufacturing 3,675 3,414 3,958 4,598 4,826 4,483 4,617 4,721 5,166 5,576 6,514 10,456 11,077 10,956 11,998 13,643 15,010 ... Construction 1,199 1,481 1,613 943 793 1,126 951 973 1,141 1,176 1,385 2,246 2,357 2,338 2,563 2,910 3,204 ... Tradec 387 439 537 489 582 583 624 721 900 1,058 1,097 993 1,059 1,255 1,373 1,561 1,718 ... Transport and communications 1,095 886 883 924 755 927 979 1,067 1,391 1,621 1,667 1,522 1,618 1,916 2,099 2,385 2,625 ... Finance Public administration 1,459 1,681 2,742 3,496 3,294 3,425 3,847 4,247 5,378 6,361 6,540 5,942 6,336 7,498 8,212 9,337 10,273 ... Others Taxes less subsidies on products 453 296 0 0 520 715 870 882 262 279 252 383 421 413 1,789 1,172 1,353 ...
Growth of Output annual change, percent GDP -11.4 7.1 16.5 5.5 4.3 0.3 3.3 5.0 13.0 11.0 11.0 14.7 6.1 9.2 14.1 11.1 10.2 10.3 Agriculture 41.1 34.5 14.8 -2.6 8.1 -11.7 -5.7 0.8 14.1 3.0 21.7 -26.4 5.8 29.8 9.5 13.7 10.0 ... Industry -37.5 2.2 11.3 1.0 1.8 -0.9 -0.4 2.3 10.6 7.1 17.0 60.8 5.8 -1.0 9.5 13.7 10.0 ... Services 56.4 2.2 38.5 18.0 -5.7 6.6 10.4 10.7 27.1 17.9 2.9 -9.1 6.6 18.4 9.5 13.7 10.0 ...
Expenditure on GDP at 2005 market prices 10,586 11,337 13,208 13,930 14,535 14,573 15,049 15,801 17,862 19,821 22,001 25,235 26,775 29,238 33,361 37,064 40,844 45,051 Household consumption 7,242 8,666 10,006 5,082 7,606 6,660 8,554 9,817 8,321 6,395 7,938 9,413 3,816 1,504 2,600 5,589 3,814 ... Government consumption 1,407 1,838 1,576 1,981 1,661 1,617 1,813 2,006 2,366 1,995 1,991 1,846 2,622 2,775 3,039 3,283 3,738 ... Gross fixed capital formation 4,379 5,158 5,239 4,839 4,609 4,016 3,825 3,643 4,094 3,865 4,092 8,000 12,477 15,467 17,325 17,494 20,699 ... Exports of goods and services 5,430 3,703 7,415 13,303 11,830 10,062 9,377 9,742 11,615 14,487 16,588 16,165 19,973 22,752 24,919 27,153 30,738 ... Less: Imports of goods and services 8,718 8,027 11,028 11,275 11,172 7,783 8,520 9,407 8,534 6,922 8,514 10,189 12,113 13,259 14,522 16,454 18,145 ... Statistical discrepancy 846 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 – -0 -93 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
Growth of Demand annual change, percent Household consumption 23.1 19.7 15.5 -49.2 49.7 -12.4 28.4 14.8 -15.2 -23.2 24.1 18.6 -59.5 -60.6 72.9 114.9 -31.7 ... Government consumption 66.1 30.6 -14.3 25.7 -16.1 -2.7 12.1 10.7 17.9 -15.7 -0.2 -7.3 42.0 5.8 9.5 8.0 13.9 ... Gross domestic capital formation -13.8 0.2 1.6 -7.6 -4.7 -12.9 -4.8 -4.8 12.4 -5.6 5.9 95.5 56.0 24.0 12.0 1.0 18.3 ... Exports of goods and services -57.0 -31.8 100.3 79.4 -11.1 -14.9 -6.8 3.9 19.2 24.7 14.5 -2.5 23.6 13.9 9.5 9.0 13.2 ... Imports of goods and services -31.8 -7.9 37.4 2.2 -0.9 -30.3 9.5 10.4 -9.3 -18.9 23.0 19.7 18.9 9.5 9.5 13.3 10.3 ...
Investment Financing at Current Prices million Turkmen manats Gross domestic capital formation 1,081 1,273 1,591 1,782 2,227 2,494 3,020 3,404 4,094 4,339 5,022 15,682 26,847 33,392 43,267 47,303 60,445 ... Gross domestic savingd 406 206 494 2,529 2,545 3,909 3,697 3,717 7,175 12,832 14,815 27,398 43,759 53,885 69,232 76,231 97,220 ...
Savings and Investment percent of GDP at current market prices Gross domestic capital formation 48.6 45.5 39.7 34.7 31.7 27.6 25.4 23.1 22.9 19.5 18.6 31.7 46.6 52.9 51.9 47.2 50.7 ... Gross domestic saving 18.3 7.3 12.3 49.3 36.2 43.2 31.1 25.2 40.2 57.7 54.9 55.4 76.0 85.4 83.1 76.1 81.5 ... Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2015 3
Turkmenistan
Item 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
At Current Market Prices Turkmen manats Per capita GDP 512 637 902 1,140 1,543 1,967 2,556 3,143 3,762 4,634 5,558 10,060 11,571 12,519 16,315 19,374 22,762 25,954 Per capita GNI 530 645 899 1,070 1,497 1,913 2,523 3,094 3,501 4,498 5,398 9,519 10,851 11,449 14,441 16,875 21,004 ...
PRODUCTION INDEXES period averages Agriculture 2004–2006 = 100 49.7 54.8 63.3 68.3 81.4 82.2 88.0 94.1 105.5 100.5 117.4 113.6 108.4 109.2 107.0 112.0 113.8 ... Mininge 1990 = 100 24.3 26.9 27.4 50.6 53.7 ...... Manufacturing 1990 = 100 110.7 109.9 130.4 147.9 167.6 ......
ENERGY annual values Electricity billion kilowatt-hours Productionf 9.5 9.4 8.9 9.8 10.6 10.7 10.8 11.9 12.8 13.7 14.9 ...... Exports 4.4 1.3 1.4 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.5 ...... Imports 1.0 ...... Consumption 7.9 10.6 9.7 11.8 12.4 12.6 12.7 14.0 15.1 16.0 17.5 ......
PRICE INDEXES period averages Consumer (national) 2000 = 100 63.7 74.3 92.3 100.0 111.6 121.4 128.2 135.8 150.3 162.6 172.9 198.0 192.6 202.2 213.0 224.3 237.7 252.0 Implicit GDP deflator 2005 = 100 21.0 24.7 30.4 36.8 48.3 62.1 78.9 93.4 100.0 112.3 122.7 196.0 215.2 215.9 249.7 270.4 292.0 305.8
Price Indexes annual change, percent Consumer price index 83.7 16.8 24.2 8.3 11.6 8.8 5.6 5.9 10.7 8.2 6.3 14.5 -2.7 5.0 5.3 5.3 6.8 6.0 Implicit GDP deflator 61.7 17.6 23.0 21.3 31.2 28.5 27.2 18.3 7.0 12.3 9.3 59.7 9.8 0.3 15.7 8.3 8.0 4.7
MONEY AND BANKING million Turkmen manats; as of end of period Money supply (M3)g 227 419 510 993 1,158 1,175 1,568 1,782 1,882 2,084 4,093 3,782 6,376 11,108 16,895 22,436 28,203 32,771
Money Supply (M3) annual change, percent 81.2 84.4 21.8 94.6 16.7 1.5 33.4 13.6 5.6 10.7 96.4 -7.6 68.6 74.2 52.1 32.8 25.7 16.2 M3 percent of GDP at current market prices 10.2 15.0 12.7 19.4 16.1 13.0 13.2 12.3 10.2 9.4 15.0 7.7 11.1 17.6 20.3 22.4 23.6 23.8
Interest Ratesh percent per annum; end-year Deposit rate (time deposit: 6 months–1 year) 41 24 29 23 17 18 15 11 ...... Lending rate (weighted average; prime) 53 59 39 28 27 22 20 17 ......
GOVERNMENT FINANCEi million Turkmen manats; fiscal year ending 31 December Central Government Total revenue and grants ...... Total revenue 552 616 779 1,207 1,565 1,649 2,285 3,273 3,662 4,495 4,671 10,346 11,750 10,159 15,240 21,050 20,750 22,320 Current revenue ...... 1,207 1,565 1,649 2,285 3,273 ...... Taxes ...... 1,182 1,557 1,574 2,180 3,087 ...... Nontaxes ...... 25 8 74 105 185 ...... Capital receipts ...... Grants ...... Total expenditure and net lending ...... Total expenditure 556 688 778 1,224 1,482 1,633 2,299 2,792 3,519 3,315 3,618 5,396 7,718 8,897 12,170 14,700 19,200 21,220 Current expenditure ...... 1,166 1,407 1,537 2,162 2,641 ...... Capital expenditure ...... 58 74 96 137 151 ...... 4 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2015
Turkmenistan
Item 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Net lending ...... Current surplus/deficit ...... Capital account surplus/deficit ...... Overall budgetary surplus/deficit -4 -72 1 -87 219 77 -781 320 143 1,179 1,053 4,950 4,032 1,262 3,070 6,350 1,550 1,100
Government Finance percent of GDP at current market prices Total revenue 24.9 22.0 19.4 23.5 22.3 18.2 19.2 22.2 20.5 20.2 17.3 20.9 20.4 16.1 18.3 21.0 17.4 16.2 Taxes ...... 23.0 22.2 17.4 18.3 20.9 ...... Total expenditure 25.0 24.6 19.4 23.9 21.1 18.1 19.4 18.9 19.7 14.9 13.4 10.9 13.4 14.1 14.6 14.7 16.1 15.4 Overall budgetary surplus/deficit -0.2 -2.6 0.0 -1.7 3.1 0.9 -6.6 2.2 0.8 5.3 3.9 10.0 7.0 2.0 3.6 6.3 1.3 0.8
EXTERNAL TRADE million US dollars; calendar year Exports, fob 743 614 1,164 2,508 2,623 2,862 3,465 3,854 4,944 7,156 8,932 11,945 9,323 9,679 16,751 19,987 18,854 19,782 Imports, cif 1,003 1,137 1,374 1,742 2,108 1,832 2,579 3,148 2,947 2,558 4,442 5,707 8,992 8,204 11,361 14,138 16,090 16,638 Trade balance -259 -523 -210 766 515 1,030 886 706 1,997 4,598 4,490 6,238 331 1,476 5,390 5,848 2,764 3,144
External Trade annual change, percent Exports -56.1 -17.4 89.6 115.5 4.6 9.1 21.1 11.2 28.3 44.7 24.8 33.7 -21.9 3.8 73.1 19.3 -5.7 4.9 Imports -27.8 13.4 20.8 26.8 21.0 -13.1 40.8 22.1 -6.4 -13.2 73.7 28.5 57.6 -8.8 38.5 24.4 13.8 3.4
Direction of Trade million US dollars; calendar year Exports, total 751 594 1,187 2,505 2,555 2,816 3,450 3,531 4,996 5,695 6,363 10,271 3,114 3,316 7,753 10,664 11,939 12,412 1. China, People’s Rep. of 2 6 5 8 5 4 3 13 17 15 45 26 35 950 4,267 7,293 8,085 8,651 2. Turkey 51 113 128 186 127 168 225 160 146 173 361 354 298 351 357 276 594 567 3. Italy 6 – – – 473 487 625 158 201 221 217 276 56 178 335 489 441 483 4. Afghanistan 21 20 41 38 22 29 74 98 133 167 201 265 184 241 307 335 337 347 5. United Arab Emirates 1 2 7 7 10 34 95 110 145 174 205 269 183 240 309 328 325 344 6. Iran 123 144 163 242 302 356 508 131 139 271 170 371 335 159 206 219 217 229 7. Ukraine 1 1 322 165 1,198 1,346 1,353 1,776 2,435 3,175 3,879 5,120 653 29 669 112 91 22 8. Bermuda – 1 4 20 15 17 42 56 76 95 115 151 105 138 175 192 193 198 9. United Kingdom 10 30 41 54 19 3 7 9 6 57 29 50 83 94 20 105 394 189 10. Bangladesh – – – – – – – 11 11 13 47 65 29 90 131 155 135 188
Imports, total 1,228 1,007 1,478 1,788 2,210 2,128 2,512 2,678 2,620 2,546 3,391 5,514 6,611 5,696 7,745 9,853 9,660 9,907 1. Turkey 154 149 260 253 164 233 237 236 199 309 373 729 1,040 1,254 1,643 1,628 2,153 2,455 2. Russian Federation 164 132 167 255 397 361 539 267 246 252 423 891 1,031 791 1,094 1,332 1,573 1,398 3. China, People’s Rep. of 7 6 14 16 60 110 105 93 99 179 332 883 1,008 574 864 1,870 1,256 1,049 4. United Arab Emirates 26 22 124 147 138 182 191 220 291 349 412 539 366 480 619 658 652 688 5. Germany 16 79 71 53 198 104 106 220 146 215 238 291 393 362 454 448 565 351 6. Ukraine 284 184 182 214 265 213 383 248 206 146 216 415 358 230 266 581 435 474 7. Iran 39 18 66 91 121 81 93 107 143 171 201 263 179 235 303 322 319 337 8. Belarus 8 4 15 54 12 27 46 19 48 16 96 52 80 96 253 255 348 208 9. Uzbekistan 88 40 50 35 53 38 46 60 76 94 122 154 144 165 190 212 238 226 10. Italy 5 15 17 7 2 7 4 82 28 35 22 39 186 103 244 227 202 234 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2015 5
Turkmenistan
Item 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS million US dollars; calendar year Merchandise exports, fob 743 614 1,164 2,508 2,623 2,862 3,465 3,854 4,944 7,156 9,114 11,786 8,957 9,674 16,719 19,884 18,953 19,582 Merchandise imports, fob -1,003 -1,137 -1,374 -1,742 -2,108 -1,832 -2,579 -3,148 -2,947 -2,558 -3,780 -5,363 -8,066 -7,421 -10,447 -13,357 -14,923 -15,197 Trade balance -259 -523 -210 766 515 1,030 886 706 1,997 4,598 5,334 6,423 891 2,253 6,272 6,527 4,030 4,385 Other goods, services, and incomej -349 -411 -361 -355 -399 -447 -581 -623 -1,120 -540 -1,310 -2,852 -3,862 -4,645 -5,690 -6,512 -7,014 -7,237 Unrequited transfers Current account balance -580 -934 -571 411 116 583 305 82 877 3,360 4,024 3,571 -2,971 -2,392 582 15 -2,984 -2,852 Capital account ...... 113 ...... Direct investment 108 62 125 131 170 276 226 354 418 731 856 1,277 3,867 2,083 ...... Portfolio investment ...... Other short-term capital ...... Other long-term capital ...... Net errors and omissions -73 ...... Overall balance 398 ...... 3,642 ...... Reserves and related items -398 ......
Balance of Payments percent of GDP at current market prices Exports 27.7 21.5 30.2 50.8 38.8 32.9 30.7 31.7 34.8 44.1 49.3 54.5 44.3 43.7 57.2 56.5 45.3 40.5 Imports 37.4 39.7 35.6 35.3 31.2 21.1 22.9 25.9 20.8 15.8 20.4 24.8 39.9 33.5 35.7 38.0 35.7 31.4 Trade balance -9.7 -18.3 -5.4 15.5 7.6 11.8 7.9 5.8 14.1 28.3 28.8 29.7 4.4 10.2 21.5 18.6 9.6 9.1 Current account balance -21.6 -32.7 -14.8 8.3 1.7 6.7 2.7 0.6 5.1 15.7 15.5 16.5 -14.7 -10.8 2.0 0.0 -7.3 -5.9 Overall balance 0.1 ...... 0.2 ......
INTERNATIONAL RESERVES million US dollars; as of end of period Totalk 1,285 1,379 1,607 1,808 2,055 2,346 2,673 2,714 4,457 8,059 13,222 ...... Gold, national valuation ...... Foreign exchange ...... Reserve position in the IMF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SDRs – – – – – – – – – – – – 109 108 107 107 ......
EXCHANGE RATES Turkmen manats per US dollar End of period ...... 2.85 2.85 2.85 2.85 2.85 Average of period 0.83 0.98 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.05 1.21 1.26 1.37 1.46 2.29 2.85 2.85 2.85 2.85 2.85 2.85
EXTERNAL INDEBTEDNESS million US dollars; as of end of year Total debt outstanding and disbursed 1,866 2,397 2,732 2,609 2,358 2,070 1,847 1,631 1,158 991 854 746 661 529 454 509 502 ... Long-term debt 1,338 1,886 2,325 2,288 1,881 1,629 1,447 1,267 911 734 650 587 477 367 299 310 329 ... Public and publicly guaranteed 1,338 1,870 2,311 2,271 1,856 1,583 1,402 1,227 878 730 648 587 463 359 266 271 281 ... Private nonguaranteed – 16 14 17 25 46 45 41 33 4 2 1 14 7 34 39 48 ... Short-term debt 528 511 311 230 390 346 296 255 147 152 93 51 75 55 48 92 66 ... Use of IMF credit – – 96 91 88 95 104 108 100 105 110 108 109 108 107 107 108 ...
External debt percent of GNI 73.6 90.9 111.7 95.7 68.8 47.7 31.3 24.2 15.4 9.9 6.9 4.1 3.5 2.6 1.8 1.7 1.3 ... Total long-term debt percent of total debt 71.7 78.7 85.1 87.7 79.7 78.7 78.4 77.7 78.7 74.1 76.1 78.8 72.1 69.3 65.9 60.9 65.5 ... Short-term debt percent of total debt 28.3 21.3 11.4 8.8 16.5 16.7 16.0 15.6 12.7 15.3 10.9 6.8 11.3 10.4 10.5 18.0 13.1 ... Debt servicel percent of exports of goods and services 22.1 35.3 28.5 14.2 17.3 14.3 11.6 9.6 6.3 4.1 3.2 1.3 0.4 ...... 6 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2015
Turkmenistan
Item 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Debt service million US dollars; transactions during the year Principal repayments on long-term debt 197 226 224 353 431 461 396 354 261 216 166 141 146 143 121 41 41 70 Interest on long-term debt 47 71 87 102 100 84 43 41 39 33 30 27 18 11 10 8 7 6 Interest on short-term debt 22 26 20 13 13 13 10 10 7 5 4 2 1 1 1 3 2 ...
Average terms of new commitments Interest percent per annum 5.8 4.3 3.7 4.0 3.4 4.0 3.0 – 1.4 3.2 3.0 – – – 0.8 – – ... Maturity years 7.9 9.6 3.3 10.2 12.9 13.0 10.1 – 13.8 20.1 20.0 – – – 24.5 – – ... Grace period years 2.2 3.1 1.3 3.7 4.5 3.5 3.4 – 6.0 4.6 3.5 – – – 5.0 – – ... Grant element percent 14.1 26.5 11.8 27.9 36.0 30.9 32.2 – 51.5 44.7 44.1 – – – 66.1 – – ...
... = data not available at cutoff date; – = magnitude equals zero; 0 or 0.0 = magnitude is less than half of unit employed; cif = cost, insurance, and freight; fob = free on board; GDP = gross domestic product, GNI = gross national income; IMF = International Monetary Fund; SDRs = special drawing rights; US = United States.
a The labor force data series includes individuals that are not registered. Hence, the sum of employed and unemployed is less than the total labor force. b The unemployment rate is underestimated because the counts of the unemployed are only based on the registered individuals. c Includes hotels and restaurants. d Computed as GDP less total consumption. e Includes quarrying. f Includes hydro and thermal sources. g Computed based on new Turkmen manat introduced on 1 January 2009 at the rate of 5,000 old Turkmen manat to 1 new Turkmen manat. h Unweighted average deposit and lending rates for individuals (in local currency) in state commercial banks. i Significant off-budget expenditures occur through extra-budgetary funds and lending. j Computed as a residual between current account and trade balances. k Refers to gross international reserves. l Excludes rescheduled amounts.
Sources:
Population For 1997–2012: United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD). UN National Accounts Main Aggregates Database: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/selCountry.asp (accessed June 2015). For 2014: Asian Development Bank (ADB) estimates.
Labor Force For 1997–2002: National Institute of State Statistics and Information (NISSI). Official communication, 30 April 2003. For 2003–2004: ADB estimates.
National Accounts For 1997–2013: UNSD. UN National Accounts Main Aggregates Database: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/selCountry.asp (accessed June 2015). For 2014: ADB estimates.
Production Indexes
Agriculture Food and Agriculture Organization. FAOSTAT. http://faostat.fao.org/site/612/default.aspx#ancor (accessed 8 June 2015).
Mining NISSI. Official communication, 30 April 2003. Manufacturing
Energy For 1997–2000: NISSI. Official communication, 30 April 2003. For 2001–2004: United Nations. Energy Statistics Yearbook 2004. For 2005–2007: UN Energy Statistics Database: http://data.un.org (accessed June 2008).
Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2015 7
Turkmenistan
Price Indexes For 1997–2010: European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). http://www.ebrd.com For 2011–2014: State Statistical Committee of Turkmenistan (SSCT). http://www.stat.gov.tm (accessed June 2015).
Money and Banking For 1997–2008: EBRD. Official website: http://www.ebrd.com For 2009–2014: ADB estimates.
M3 Annual Change For 2009–2014: International Monetary Fund (IMF). Statement at the Conclusion of the 2015 Article IV Mission to Turkmenistan, 1 April 2015; past Article IV press releases.
Government Finance ADB estimates.
External Trade For 1997–2002: NISSI. Official communication, 30 April 2003. For 2003–2006: EBRD. Transition Report 2009, November 2009; http://www.ebrd.com For 2007–2014: SSCT. http://www.stat.gov.tm (accessed June 2015).
Direction of Trade IMF. Direction of Trade Statistics CD-ROM, May 2015.
Balance of Payments For 1997–2010: ADB estimates. For 2011–2014: IMF. Statement at the Conclusion of the 2015 Article IV Mission to Turkmenistan, 1 April 2015.
International Reserves For 1997: ADB. Economic Report and Interim Operational Strategy, 14 May 2002; past issues. For 1998–2010: ADB estimates.
Reserve Position in the IMF and SDRs IMF. International Financial Statistics CD-ROM, May 2015.
Exchange Rates For 1997–2009: UNSD. UN National Accounts Main Aggregates Database: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/selCountry.asp (accessed June 2015). For 2010–2015: Interstate Statistical Committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States. http://www.cisstat.com (accessed June 2015).
External Indebtedness World Bank. World Development Indicators and International Debt Statistics. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator (accessed 15 June 2015).