Level 1 Flora and Vegetation Survey – Collie-Lake King Road between SLK 64.5 – 71, Bowelling Curves

Prepared for Main Roads WA

Revised 13 November 2014

Ecoedge Environmental Pty Ltd t: 08 97211377 PO Box 1180 Bunbury, 6231 Western Australia [email protected] ABN: 89 136 929 989

Ecoedge Review Version Origin Review release Issue date date approval v6 TB MS, RS 11/11/2014 v7 RS MS 12/11/2014 V8 RS MS 13/11/2014 Final draft RS, MS 13/11/2014 MS (released 13/11/2014 MS to MRWA) Final

2 | P a g e

Executive Summary

Ecoedge was engaged by Main Roads in August 2014 to undertake a Level 1 Flora and Vegetation Survey of remnant vegetation along the Collie-Lake King Road (Coalfields Road) - Bowelling curves SLK 64.5-71.0, in the Shire of West Arthur. Main Roads WA is conducting investigations for the future widening and re-alignment of Collie-Lake King Road. The initial survey of northern and southern alignment options was undertaken in September, 2014. A revised and expanded survey area of the southern alignment option was assessed in late October 2014 for two reasons. Firstly, a population of Leucopogon subsejunctus (Priority 2) had been found within the initial survey area and it was hoped to identify the extent of the species so as to assess and minimise the impact if removal of some specimens could not be avoided.

In the interests of clarity, the initial survey area (37.3 ha) will be referred to as Area “A” and the expanded survey area (58.4 ha), which encompassed the southern alignment of the initial survey area, will be referred to as Area “B”.

Area A, which totals 37.3 ha (of which about 20 ha is remnant native vegetation), is separated over much of its length into alternative northern and southern alignments. Area B, totalling 58.4 ha, includes about 46 ha of remnant vegetation.

The flora and vegetation assessment of Areas A and B resulted in the identification of 220 vascular plant taxa, including 20 exotic species. One of the exotic species, Moraea flaccida (One-leaf Cape Tulip) is listed as a C3 pest plant for the Shire of West Arthur.

No Declared Rare Flora under the WC Act, or plants listed as threatened under the Commonwealth EPBC Act were found within the survey areas. However, two Priority Flora species, Leucopogon subsejunctus (P2) and Synaphea hians (P3) were found; both of them are presumed to be newly-discovered occurrences. The populations were marked in the field using metal stakes and Day-Glo tape.

The population of S. hians lies wholly within Area A and comprises approximately 20 plants. Synaphea hians has a relatively widespread distribution in the south-west of Western Australia ranging about 150 km east-west and 75 km north south.

The initial survey (Area A), identified a population of Leucopogon subsejunctus (P2) over an area of about 0.5 ha with 27% (40-60 plants) within the survey area. The second survey (Area B) identified three sub-populations (including the population found during the first survey), totalling 5.5 ha and consisting of 2,500 to 3,000 individual plants. Approximately 4.1 ha occur within survey Area B. L. subsejunctus, which is a newly described taxon, has a relatively restricted distribution to the east and south east of Bowelling of about 25 km north-south and 15 km east-west.

3 | P a g e

Six vegetation units were recognised and mapped for the two survey areas, including a unit represented mainly by areas of pasture. Most of the vegetation complexes in which these vegetation units occur are deemed to be well represented in conservation reserves and State forest. However, the herb-rich Melaleuca viminea shrubland unit, which is found on the flats of the Collie River East, much of which has been cleared for agriculture, may be a restricted floristic community type. This vegetation unit is contained within the ‘Swamp’ vegetation complex of Mattiske and Havel (1998), which is a very broad mapping unit of woodlands, shrublands or heaths, and sedgelands associated with valley floors throughout the eastern part of the Northern Jarrah Forest. The extent remaining of the ‘Swamp’ vegetation complex meets EPA and Commonwealth retention targets, however of the many vegetation units at the ‘floristic community type’ level contained within the ‘Swamp’ complex, some are likely to be restricted and poorly conserved (mainly as a result of past clearing for agriculture) – the Melaleuca viminea shrubland vegetation unit within the survey areas is likely to be one of these.

With regard to floristic conservation factors, the southern proposed alignment of Area A and Area B is the more sensitive because it contains both the potentially restricted Melaleuca viminea shrubland on the flats of the Collie River East, and also the three sub- populations of the Priority 2 species Leucopogon subsejunctus. The Priority 3 species Synaphea hians occurs within the easternmost section of Area A, which is shared between both the northern and southern alignment options.

4 | P a g e

Contents Executive Summary ...... 3 Statement of limitations ...... 8 Reliance on Data ...... 8 Report for Benefit of Client ...... 8 1 Introduction ...... 9 1.1 Scope and objectives ...... 9 1.2 Biogeographic region ...... 10 1.3 Site location and features ...... 10 1.4 Geology ...... 10 1.5 Vegetation ...... 14 1.6 Threatened and Priority Ecological Communities...... 18 1.7 Threatened and Priority Flora ...... 19 2 Methods ...... 25 2.1 Survey Area A ...... 25 2.2 Survey Area B ...... 25 2.3 Survey limitations ...... 27 3 Results ...... 27 3.1 Declared Plants ...... 27 3.2 Rare Flora ...... 30 3.2.1 Area A ...... 30 3.2.2 Area B ...... 30 3.2.3 Conservation Status of the Priority Flora ...... 31 3.3 Vegetation Units ...... 36 3.3.1 Area A ...... 36 3.3.2 Area B ...... 36 3.3.3 Conservation Status of the Vegetation Units in Area A and Area B ...... 37 3.4 Vegetation Condition ...... 46 3.4.1 Area A ...... 46 3.4.2 Area B ...... 46 4 Discussion ...... 54 4.1 Weeds, including declared pest plants ...... 54 4.2 Declared and Priority Flora ...... 54 4.2.1 Area A ...... 54

5 | P a g e

4.2.2 Area B ...... 54 4.3 Vegetation Units ...... 55 4.4 Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs) ...... 55 5 Conclusions ...... 55 6 References ...... 57 Appendix 1. Protected Matters Search Tool Report (Attached) ...... 61 Appendix 2. List of vascular flora found within the survey area at Bowelling...... 62 Appendix 3. Description of Vegetation Units in Areas A and B at Bowelling ...... 72 Appendix 4. Email communication from Andrew Webb regarding Vegetation Unit D...... 76

...... 76

6 | P a g e

Table of Tables Table 1. Soil Mapping Units occurring within the Survey Areas...... 14 Table 2. Vegetation complexes within the Survey Areas...... 15 Table 3. Vegetation Complexes present in Areas A and B with regard to the EPA and Commonwealth retention targets (DEC 2007)...... 16 Table 4. Definitions of Declared Rare and Priority List flora (DPaW, 2013)...... 20 Table 5. Categories of Threatened Species under the EPBC Act (DotE, 2014c)...... 21 Table 6. List of Declared Rare and Priority List flora known to occur within 10 km of the Survey Areas...... 24 Table 7. Limitations with regard to assessment adequacy and accuracy...... 27 Table 8. Locations of populations of priority flora Leucopogon subsejunctus (P2) and Synaphea hians (P3) within Survey Area A...... 30 Table 9. Locations of populations of priority flora Leucopogon subsejunctus (P2) showing mid-point locations of each sub-population and area within and outside of Area B...... 30 Table 10. Vegetation mapping units within Survey Area A at Bowelling...... 36 Table 11. Vegetation mapping units within Survey Area B at Bowelling...... 37

Table of Figures Figure 1. Aerial Photograph showing location of Survey Areas...... 12 Figure 2. Soil landscapes occurring within the Survey Areas...... 13 Figure 3. Vegetation complexes mapped as occurring within the Survey Areas...... 17 Figure 4. Reference diagram of the mapping sections the Survey Areas ...... 26 Figure 5. Location of Cape Tulip within Section 2 of the Survey Area...... 29 Figure 6. Synaphea hians (P3) ...... 31 Figure 7. Location of Synaphea hians (P3) in the easternmost part (Section 4) of Area A...... 32 Figure 8. Leucopogon subsejunctus (P2) ...... 33 Figure 9. Location of Leucopogon subsejunctus (P2) in the westernmost part (Section 1) of Area A. . 34 Figure 10. Location of Leucopogon subsejunctus (P2) in the westernmost part (Section 1) of Area B...... 35 Figure 11. Vegetation Units in Section 1 of Area A...... 39 Figure 12. Vegetation Units in Section 2 of Area A...... 40 Figure 13. Vegetation Units in Section 3 of Area A...... 41 Figure 14. Vegetation Units in Section 4 of Area A...... 42 Figure 15. Vegetation Units in Section 1 of Area B...... 43 Figure 16. Vegetation Units in Section 2 of Area B...... 44 Figure 17. Vegetation Units in Section 3 of Area B...... 45 Figure 18. Vegetation Condition in Section 1 of Area A...... 47 Figure 19. Vegetation Condition in Section 2 of Area A...... 48 Figure 20. Vegetation Condition in Section 3 of Area A...... 49 Figure 21. Vegetation Condition in Section 4 of Area A...... 50 Figure 22. Vegetation Condition in Section 1 of Area B...... 51 Figure 23. Vegetation Condition in Section 2 of Area B...... 52 Figure 24. Vegetation Condition in Section 3 of Area B...... 53

7 | P a g e

Statement of limitations

Reliance on Data In the preparation of this report, Ecoedge has relied on data, surveys, analyses, designs, plans and other information provided by the Client and other individuals and organisations, most of which are referred to in the report. Unless stated otherwise in the report, Ecoedge has not verified the accuracy or completeness of the data. To the extent that the statements, opinions, facts, information, conclusions and/or recommendations in the report are based in whole or in part on the data, those conclusions are contingent upon the accuracy and completeness of the data. Ecoedge will not be liable in relation to incorrect conclusions should any data, information or condition be incorrect or have been concealed, withheld, unavailable, misrepresented or otherwise not fully disclosed to Ecoedge.

Report for Benefit of Client The report has been prepared for the benefit of the Client and for no other party. Ecoedge assumes no responsibility and will not be liable to any other person or organisation for or in relation to any matter dealt with or conclusions expressed in the report, or for any loss or damage suffered by any other person or organisation arising from matters dealt with or conclusions expressed in the report (including, without limitation, matters arising from any negligent act or omission of Ecoedge or for any loss or damage suffered by any other party relying on the matters dealt with or conclusions expressed in the report). Other parties should not rely upon the report or the accuracy or completeness of any conclusions, and should make their own enquiries and obtain independent advice in relation to such matters.

8 | P a g e

1 Introduction Ecoedge was initially engaged by Main Roads in August 2014 to undertake a Level 1 Flora and Vegetation Survey of remnant vegetation along the Collie-Lake King Road (Coalfields Road) – at the part of the road called the “Bowelling Curves” between SLK 64.5 – 71.0, in the Shire of West Arthur. Main Roads WA is conducting investigations for the future widening and re-alignment of Collie Lake King Road at the “Bowelling Curves”. The Survey Area, which comprised a northern proposed alignment and a southern proposed alignment, totalled 37.3 ha of which about 20 ha was remnant native vegetation.

The field assessment was carried out on 5th, 8th and 25th September 2014.

Following on from the preliminary results of the initial survey, in October 2014, Ecoedge was engaged to undertake a supplementary survey of an expanded area (totalling 58.4 ha) that encompassed most of the southern alignment of the initial survey area. The Priority Two species Leucopogon subsejunctus had been found within the initial Survey Area, and the second survey was carried out to obtain further information about the distribution of the species within the vicinity of the proposed road re-alignment. Additionally, because the Friends of the Collie to Darken Rail Trail Group had recently sanctioned the use of the railway walking track as part of the proposed southern alignment foundations; the design has been amended to the north of the rail line away from an identified wetland area.

The second survey was conducted on 31st October 2014. For the purpose of clarity, throughout this document the initial survey area will be referred to as Area A, and the expanded Survey Area as Area B.

The vegetation surveys were undertaken in accordance with the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) Guidance Statement 51, “Terrestrial Flora and Vegetation Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment in Western Australia” (EPA, 2004).

This report compiles findings of the two field surveys.

1.1 Scope and objectives

The scope and objectives of the flora survey for Area A and Area B were to carry out Level 1 flora and vegetation assessments to determine whether there are any significant flora values within the Survey Areas. The survey scope specified the following requirements:

 Conduct an assessment of flora and vegetation values within the Survey Areas;  Conduct a review of other literature to summarise the values of flora and vegetation significance in the project area;  Review the documented flora and vegetation of significance, based on Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW) records (databases);  Conduct field assessments to:

9 | P a g e

o identify the vascular flora species present; o determine the presence or absence of Declared Rare Flora (DRF), Priority or Significant Species; o assess conservation significance of vegetation and flora; o define and spatially map vegetation condition; o define and spatially map vegetation communities; (achieved through the installation of a number of floristic relevés) o define and map threatened and priority ecological communities o a review of the local and regional significance of the plant communities in terms of their intrinsic value, extent and condition against Government of Western Australia (2013a) o identify dominant exotic plants, declared noxious plants and environmental weed species o Determine whether the Survey Areas are wholly or partly with an Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA) o Record relevant information for each, including species, number of individuals and distance from the bitumen edge; and o Assess conservation significance of vegetation and flora. 1.2 Biogeographic region The Survey Areas are located within the Southern Jarrah Forest (JF2) sub-region of the Jarrah Forest Bioregion as defined in the Interim Biogeographical Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) (Australian Government, 2009).

1.3 Site location and features The Survey Areas are situated approximately 26.3 km south-east of the Collie town site (Figure 1). Elevation on site falls from 261 m above sea level (ASL) in the west to 231 m centrally and then rises to 249 m in the east.

The Survey Areas are located within road, state forest, railway, crown and freehold land and are zoned ‘state forest’, ‘road’, ‘railway’ and ‘rural’ under the Shire of West Arthur Town Planning Scheme 2.

1.4 Geology The Survey Areas are situated within the Western Darling Range Zone (WDRZ) (255) soil- landscape zone as defined by Tille (1996). The Western Darling Range Zone (255) is a deeply dissected undulating lateritic plateau overlying crystalline rocks (e.g. granite and gneiss). Major river systems have cut into the plateau to form deep, steep sided valleys and expose fresh rock.

10 | P a g e

Three soil-landscape systems (containing 24 subsystems) have been identified and mapped within the WDRZ (255); the Coalfields (Cf), the Darling Plateau (Dp) and the Lowden Valleys (Lv) (Schoknecht, et al. 2004; Tille, 1996). The Survey Areas are situated on soils of the Darling Plateau System (Dp) (Figure 2).

Darling Plateau System (255Dp): The Darling Plateau system consists of an undulating plateau surface dominated by broad lateritic divides formed over a crystalline basement. These divides have gravels and sands. In some locations they have formed over deposits of Kirup Conglomerate. Some of the divides are almost level and have extensive areas of poor drainage. Most have formed over old sedimentary deposits. Ridges with gravels and loams run off the western and southern edges of the plateau. Some low hills rise above the plateau surface, which become more common to the east. Shallow, minor valleys with gravels, sands and loams are common. These are often U-shaped with swampy floors. There are also some shallowly incised, broad swampy flats of major rivers in the Wellington Catchment (Tille, 1996).

Soil-landscape systems have been further divided into subsystems by Tille (1996), and within these into soil phases or mapping units. Soils in the Survey Areas have been mapped as the Dwellingup (DW), Pindalup (PN), Harris (HS) and Mornington Hill (MH) subsystems of the Darling Plateau System. There are two soil mapping units within the Mornington Hill subsystem (MH and MHg). Soil Mapping Units occurring within the Survey Area are presented in Table 1.

11 | P a g e

Figure 1. Aerial Photograph showing location of Survey Areas.

Figure 2. Soil landscapes occurring within the Survey Areas.

13 | P a g e

Soil Mapping Unit Description Consists of broad, undulating lateritic divides formed over granite and 255DpDW gneiss. Loamy gravels and sandy gravels are the most common soils with pockets of deep sands. Pindalup upstream valleys: narrow swampy floor and prominent 255DpPNu sideslopes. Pale deep sands, some with coffee rock, are often present in the headwaters. Consists of broad (250 – 1500 m), poorly drained alluvial flats on the 255DpHS surface of the Darling Plateau System. These flats have wet soils which are often saline. Consists of low hills (40 – 80 m high) rising above the main plateau surface, usually formed on laterite overlying granite. The soils are 255DpMH mostly sandy gravels and loamy gravels, although there are some deep sands and loamy earths. Mornington granite hills: occurs mainly on the hillslopes where granite 255DpMHg (only is a significant, though not necessarily dominant, parent material. Rock occurring in Area A) outcrop is sometimes present and there are more loamy earths, deep loamy duplexes and stony soils. Table 1. Soil Mapping Units occurring within the Survey Areas. 1.5 Vegetation Area A, 37.3 ha in size, contains approximately 20 ha of remnant native vegetation. Survey Area B is approximately 58.4 ha in area and comprises approximately 46 ha of native vegetation.

Vegetation complexes on the Darling Scarp and Plateau were mapped for the purposes of the Regional Forest Agreement by Mattiske and Havel (1998). This classification system emphasises the relationships between underlying geology and plant communities.

As shown in Figure 3, the Survey Areas were mapped by Havel and Mattiske (2000) as being comprised of Swamp (S), Dwellingup (D4) and Pindalup (Pn) Complexes (Table 2).

14 | P a g e

Vegetation Vegetation Complex Description Complex Code Mosaic of low open woodland of Melaleuca preissiana - Banksia littoralis, closed scrub of Myrtaceae spp., closed heath of Myrtaceae Swamp S spp. and sedgelands of Baumea and Leptocarpus spp. on seasonally wet or moist sand, peat and clay soils on valley floors in all climatic zones. Open forest to woodland of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. thalassica Dwellingup D4 - Corymbia calophylla on lateritic uplands in semiarid and arid zones. Open forest of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. thalassica - Corymbia calophylla on slopes and open woodland of Eucalyptus wandoo with Pindalup Pn some Eucalyptus patens on the lower slopes in semiarid and arid zones. Table 2. Vegetation complexes within the Survey Areas.

In 2001, the Commonwealth of Australia stated National Targets and Objectives for Biodiversity Conservation, which recognised that the retention of 30%, or more, of the pre-clearing extent of each ecological community was necessary if Australia's biological diversity was to be protected (Environment Australia, 2001). This level of recognition is in keeping with the targets set in the EPA’s Position Statement on the 'Environmental protection of native vegetation in Western Australia: clearing of native vegetation, with particular reference to the agricultural area' (EPA, 2000). With regard to conservation status, the EPA has set a target of 15% of pre- European extent for each ecological community to be protected in a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system (EPA, 2006).

Table 3 lists the percentage remaining of each vegetation complex and the percentage of each vegetation complex in formal and formal plus informal reserves. It also lists whether each vegetation complex meets the Commonwealth’s 30% target (Environment Australia, 2001) and the EPA’s 15% target (EPA, 2006). As is evident in Table 3 all of the vegetation complexes present within the Study Areas meet the Commonwealth’s 30% target and the EPA’s 15% target.

15 | P a g e

% in Formal % Remaining Vegetation Is the 30% % in Formal + All Is the 15% of pre- Complex Target Met? Reserves Informal Target Met? European Reserves Swamp - S 78.9% Yes 30.0% 47.5% Yes Dwellingup – 89.0% Yes 23.6% 26.3% Yes D4 Pindalup - Pn 78.6% Yes 26.3% 34.8% Yes Table 3. Vegetation Complexes present in Areas A and B with regard to the EPA and Commonwealth retention targets (DEC 2007).

16 | P a g e

Figure 3. Vegetation complexes mapped as occurring within the Survey Areas.

17 | P a g e

1.6 Threatened and Priority Ecological Communities Ecological communities are defined by Western Australia’s Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW, previously the Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC)) as “...naturally occurring biological assemblages that occur in a particular type of habitat. They are the sum of species within an ecosystem and, as a whole, they provide many of the processes which support specific ecosystems and provide ecological services.” (DEC, 2010).

A threatened ecological community (TEC) is one which is found to fit into one of the following categories; ‘presumed totally destroyed’, ‘critically endangered’, ‘endangered’ or ‘vulnerable’ (DEC, 2010). Possible threatened ecological communities that do not meet survey criteria are added to DPaW’s Priority Ecological Community Lists under Priorities 1, 2 and 3. Ecological Communities that are adequately known, are rare but not threatened, or meet criteria for Near Threatened, or that have been recently removed from the threatened list, are placed in Priority 4. These ecological communities require regular monitoring. Conservation Dependent ecological communities are placed in Priority 5 (DEC, 2010). The current listing of Threatened and Priority Ecological Communities is specified in DPaW (2014a; 2014b). Threatened Ecological Communities can also be listed under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act (1999) (EPBC Act) (Department of the Environment (DotE, 2014a); Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA, 1999).

A Protected Matters Search Tool query for communities listed under the EPBC Act (1999) occurring within a 10 km radius of the Survey Areas was also undertaken (DotE, 2014b).

No threatened or priority ecological communities are known to occur within or in the vicinity of the Survey Areas.

The complete Protected Matters Search Tool results are included in Appendix 1.

18 | P a g e

1.7 Threatened and Priority Flora Species of flora and fauna are defined as having Declared Rare (Threatened) or Priority conservation status where their populations are restricted geographically or threatened by local processes. The Department of Environment Regulation recognises these threats of extinction and consequently applies regulations towards population and species protection.

Declared Rare (Threatened) Flora species are gazetted under Subsection 2 of Section 23F of the Wildlife Conservation Act (1950) (WC Act) and therefore it is an offence to ‘take’ or damage rare flora without Ministerial approval. Section 23F of the WC Act 1950-1980 defines ‘to take’ as “… to gather, pick, cut, pull up, destroy, dig up, remove or injure the flora or to cause or permit the same to be done by any means.”

Priority Flora are under consideration for declaration as ‘rare flora’, but are in need of further survey (Priority One to Three) or require monitoring every 5-10 years (Priority Four). Table 4 presents the categories of Declared Rare and Priority Flora as defined by the WC Act (DPaW 2013).

19 | P a g e

Conservation Category code

Taxa which have been adequately searched for and are deemed to be in R the wild either rare, in danger of extinction, or otherwise in need of special protection and have been gazetted as such.

Taxa which are known from one or a few (generally <5) populations which are under threat, either due to small population size, or being on P1 lands under immediate threat. Such taxa are under consideration for declaration as ‘rare flora’, but are in urgent need of further survey.

Taxa which are known from one or a few (generally <5) populations, at least some of which are not believed to be under immediate threat. P2 Such taxa are under consideration for declaration as ‘rare flora’, but are in urgent need of further survey.

Taxa which are known from several populations, and the taxa are not believed to be under immediate threat (i.e. not currently endangered), either due to the number of known populations (generally >5), or known P3 populations being large, and either widespread or protected. Such taxa are under consideration for declaration as ‘rare flora’, but are in need of further survey.

Taxa which are considered to have been adequately surveyed and which, P4 whilst being rare (in Australia), are not currently threatened by any identifiable factors. These taxa require monitoring every 5-10 years. Table 4. Definitions of Declared Rare and Priority List flora (DPaW, 2013).

Under the EPBC Act, a species may be listed in one of six categories; the definitions of these categories are summarised in Table 5 (DotE, 2014c).

Threatened or Priority flora occurring within 10 km of the Survey Areas generated by DPaW data search (DPaW, 2014c) and 10 km of the Survey Areas generated from a Naturemap data search (DPaW, 2014d) are listed in Table 6. Taxa listed under the EPBC Act (based on results of the Protected Matters Search Tool query (DotE, 2014b)) are listed in Appendix 1.

20 | P a g e

Category Definition Extinct (Ex) A native species is eligible to be included in the extinct category at a particular time if, at that time, there is no reasonable doubt that the last member of the species has died. Extinct in the A native species is eligible to be included in the extinct in the wild category Wild (ExW) at a particular time if, at that time (a) it is known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalised population well outside its past range; or (b) it has not been recorded in its known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate seasons, anywhere in its past range, despite exhaustive surveys over a time frame appropriate to its life cycle and form. Critically A native species is eligible to be included in the critically endangered Endangered (CE) category at a particular time if, at that time, it is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future, as determined in accordance with the prescribed criteria. Endangered (E) A native species is eligible to be included in the endangered category at a particular time if, at that time (a) it is not critically endangered; and (b) it is facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future, as determined in accordance with the prescribed criteria. Vulnerable (V) A native species is eligible to be included in the vulnerable category at a particular time if, at that time (a) it is not critically endangered or endangered; and (b) it is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild in the medium term future, as determined in accordance with the prescribed criteria. Conservation A native species is eligible to be included in the conservation dependent Dependent (CD) category at a particular time if, at that time, the species is the focus of a specific conservation program, the cessation of which would result in the species becoming vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered within a period of 5 years. Table 5. Categories of Threatened Species under the EPBC Act (DotE, 2014c).

21 | P a g e

Cons Likelihood of Species Flowering Habitat Status Occurrence White/grey sand, sometimes over laterite, clay. Acacia semitrullata P4 May - Oct Low Sandplains, swampy areas. Aug or Dec Banksia cynaroides P4 Gravelly sand or clay loam over laterite. Low or Jan to Feb Banksia meisneri subsp. P4 Apr – Sep White or grey sand. Swampy flats Moderate ascendens Banksia subpinnatifida var. P2 Sep – Oct Laterite Moderate imberbis Caladenia caesarea subsp. P1 Sep - Oct Sand, loam. Moderate transiens Caladenia sp. Collie (E. Seasonally moist sand on the edges of ephemeral T (CE) Sep - Oct Moderate Bennett s.n. PERTH 08396051) wetlands Caladenia sp. Muir Hwy (W. P1 Sep - Oct Jarrah-Marri forest Moderate Jackson BJ 341) Caladenia x triangularis P4 Aug - Oct Jarrah-Marri forest Moderate Yellow-grey clayey loam, red clayey loam, laterite, Calytrix sp. Tutunup (G.J. P2 Oct ironstone. Slopes and flats, winter-wet areas, grazed Low Keighery & N. Gibson 2953) paddocks. Commersonia erythrogyna T (E) Low Conospermum paniculatum P3 Jul – Nov Sandy or clayey soils. Swampy areas, plains, slopes Moderate Darwinia whicherensis T (CR) Oct - Nov Low Brown loamy clay. Winter-wet swamps, in shallow Diuris micrantha T (V) Sep - Oct Moderate water Eryngium sp. Ferox (G.J. P3 Oct - Nov Moderate Keighery 16034)

22 | P a g e

Cons Likelihood of Species Flowering Habitat Status Occurrence Gastrolobium ovalifolium P4 Aug - Sep Sandy clay. Gravelly hills. Moderate Gastrolobium papilio T (CR) Oct - Dec Sandy clay over ironstone and laterite. Flat plains. Low Gravelly loam or clay, sometimes over sandier Gastrolobium tomentosum P4 Aug – Nov Moderate substrates. Hills, road verges Erect, multi-stemmed shrub, 0.2–0.5 m high. Fl. pink, Lasiopetalum cardiophyllum P4 Aug - Jan Aug–Jan. Lateritic gravelly soils, sandy clay. Flats, hill Moderate slopes. Leucopogon darlingensis P2 Moderate subsp. rectus Leucopogon extremus P2 Sep - Oct Seasonally wet areas. Low Leucopogon subsejunctus P2 Sep - Oct Moderate Mid slopes. Dry brown gravelly, sandy loam over Logania sylvicola P2 Aug – Sep Moderate laterite. Meionectes tenuifolia P3 Moderate Montia australasica P2 Low Persoonia sulcata P4 Sep – Nov Lateritic or granitic soils Moderate Petrophile latericola T (CR) Nov Red lateritic clay. Winter-wet flats. Low Pultenaea skinneri P4 Jul - Sep Sandy or clayey soils. Winter-wet depressions. Moderate Stylidium lepidum P3 Oct - Nov Gravelly sand or loam, clay. Winter-wet depressions Moderate Stylidium rhipidium P3 Oct - Nov Sandy soils. Wet creek flats, swamps, granite outcrops Moderate Stylidium rubricalyx P1 Moderate Brown to red-brown clay loam. Winter-wet habitats Stylidium squamellosum P2 Oct - Nov Moderate and depressions, open woodland, shrubland Sand over laterite. Synaphea decumbens P3 Sep - Oct Moderate

23 | P a g e

Cons Likelihood of Species Flowering Habitat Status Occurrence Moderately Synaphea hians P3 Jul - Nov Sandy soils. Rises high Synaphea petiolaris subsp. P2 Sep - Oct Sandy soils. Flats, winter-wet areas. Moderate simplex Bare white sand to grey-brown loamy sand and Synaphea trinacriformis P1 Sep - Oct Moderate laterite gravel. Undulating landscape, roadsides White-grey sand, sandy loam with gravel, orange- Tetratheca exasperata P3 Sep - Oct Moderate brown gravelly loam Tetratheca similis P3 Aug - Sep Sandy clay with lateritic boulders. Moderate Verticordia huegelii var. P3 Sep - Nov Sandy or gravelly loam. Winter-wet areas, low hills. Moderate tridens Xanthoparmelia louisii P2 River valleys, rock outcrops. Low Table 6. List of Declared Rare and Priority List flora known to occur within 10 km of the Survey Areas. (The WC Act Conservation Status is shown, EPBC Act status is in brackets.)

24 | P a g e

Some of the species listed in Table 6 could potentially occur within the Survey Areas, based on an assessment of their preferred habitats. All species listed except for Calytrix sp. Tutunup, Darwinia whicherensis, Eryngium sp. Ferox, Gastrolobium papilio, Petrophile latericola, Stylidium lepidum, Stylidium rhipidium and Stylidium squamellosum would have either been flowering at the time of survey or could be identified in the field without flowers.

2 Methods

2.1 Survey Area A Area A was surveyed on 5th, 8th and 25th September 2014 using the random meander method as described in Cropper (1993). A comprehensive list of native and introduced species was compiled. Species composition, vegetation structure and vegetation condition notes were compiled at forty two unmarked relevés within the Survey Area to be used, along with aerial photography, in mapping vegetation type and condition. Flora species that were not identified in the field were collected or photographed for later identification. Taxonomy and conservation status of flora species was checked against Department of Parks and Wildlife databases (DPaW, 2014e and 2014f).

2.2 Survey Area B Area B was surveyed on 31st October 2014 using the same methods as those used for Survey Area A. Dominant species, vegetation condition and vegetation structure were recorded at sixteen relevés, which together with the relevés recorded during the survey of Area A as well as aerial photography, were used to map vegetation condition and vegetation units within Survey Area B. Species found during this survey that had not been previously identified during the survey of Area A were added to the list compiled during the earlier survey. As discussed in the limitations section below, the survey of Area B was at a time in spring (31st October) when some annually-renewed species had finished flowering and might no longer have been identifiable.

One of the main reasons for carrying out the survey of Area B was to determine whether Leucopogon subsejunctus (P2) occurred outside the area mapped during the survey of Area A, and to demarcate and map its distribution in the field. During the survey of Area B, the boundaries of the L. subsejunctus population found during the initial survey were re-tracked using a GPS unit. The boundaries of other clusters of L. subsejunctus were also marked with flagging tape and ‘tracked’ using a GPS unit.

As the Survey Areas are long and narrow, to enable interpretation of data in map format, Area A has been divided into four sections, and Area B into three, as shown in Figure 4.

25 | P a g e

Figure 4. Reference diagram of the mapping sections the Survey Areas .

26 | P a g e

2.3 Survey limitations Potential limitations with regard to the assessment are addressed in Table 7.

Aspect Constraint Comment Scope No The survey scope was prepared in consultation with the client and was designed to comply with EPA requirements. Proportion of flora Negligible The survey of Area A was carried out in early and late identified (Area A) September - a time which experience has shown to be the prime flowering time for flora in the eastern part of the Jarrah Forest bioregion. It is estimated that 90-95% of species in the remnant vegetation were identified. Proportion of flora Moderate The survey of Area B was carried out in late October which identified (Area B) experience has shown to be several weeks outside the prime flowering for flora in the eastern part of the Jarrah Forest bioregion. It is estimated that 85-90% of species in the remnant vegetation were identified. Taxa that may have been missed are mainly annually-regenerating species that had finished flowering. Availability of Moderate Comprehensive regional surveys of remnant vegetation, as contextual well as more localised surveys, have not been carried out in information the eastern jarrah Forest bioregion. Completeness of the Negligible Vegetation within the survey area was thoroughly search survey on foot. Further assessments outside the spring season would add to the completeness of the species list but probably only marginally affect the conclusions presented. Skill and knowledge Negligible The senior field botanist conducting the survey has had of the botanists extensive experience in botanical survey in south west Australia over a period of 25 years. Table 7. Limitations with regard to assessment adequacy and accuracy.

3 Results Two hundred and twenty vascular plant taxa, including twenty exotic species, were identified from within the two Survey Areas (Appendix 2). Just under 43% (94) of the taxa were classed as herbaceous, of which 20 (or 21%) were annual herbs. There were also 21 “grass-like” taxa, made up of restiads, sedges and the true grasses.

3.1 Declared Plants One of the exotic species found within the Survey Area, Moraea flaccida (One-leaf Cape Tulip) is classified as C3 under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 (DAF, 2007) for the Shire of West Arthur. Plants are assigned to this category if they are

27 | P a g e

established in Western Australia but it is feasible, or desirable, to manage them in order to limit their damage. Control measures can prevent a C3 pest from increasing in population size or density or moving from an area in which it is established into an area which currently is free of that pest (DAF, 2014). Within the survey area, One-leaf Cape Tulip is scattered around edge of disturbed area (old railway station), and occasional plants are found in disturbed areas adjacent to farmland in Section 2 of the Survey Area (between the farmland and wetland vegetation) (Figure 5).

28 | P a g e

Figure 5. Location of Cape Tulip within Section 2 of the Survey Area.

29 | P a g e

3.2 Rare Flora

3.2.1 Area A No Declared Rare Flora under the WC Act or plants listed as threatened under the Commonwealth EPBC Act were found within Survey Area A, however two species of priority flora were found. Approximately 20 plants of Synaphea hians (P3) (Figures 6 and 7) were located under the powerline in the eastern part of the Survey Area, and a population of Leucopogon subsejunctus (P2) (Figures 8 and 9) covering about 0.31 ha and comprising approximately 150 -200 plants, lies partly within the Survey Area at its western end. While all of the S. hians population is situated within the Survey Area, only about 27% (835 m2) of the population of L. subsejunctus lies within the Survey Area A.

The locations of both priority flora populations were marked in the field using metal stakes and Day-Glo tape.

Details of the priority flora populations within Survey Area A are provided in Table 8, below.

Area of population within Area A Species Status Mid-point (approx.) 447678.9 m E; Leucopogon subsejunctus P2 835 m2 (3,100 m2 in total) 6301880.0 m N 452587.3 m E; Synaphea hians P3 1,384 m2 (Wholly within Area A) 6301894.4 m N Table 8. Locations of populations of priority flora Leucopogon subsejunctus (P2) and Synaphea hians (P3) within Survey Area A.

3.2.2 Area B The whole of the population of L. subsejunctus found in Area A (hereafter referred to as sub- population 1) is located within Area B – its extent was found to be slightly larger during the second survey. In addition, a further two groups of L. subsejunctus plants, hereafter referred to as sub-populations 2 and 3, were found within Area B (Figure 10). The areas and midpoint locations of the L. subsejunctus populations in Area B are provided in Table 9. The total area of the three sub-populations is 55,160 m2 (or 5.5 ha approximately) of which 74% (or 4.1 ha) lies within Area B. It is estimated that the three sub-populations are comprised of 2,500 to 3,000 individual plants.

Sub- Area of population within Area Mid-point population B (approx.) 1 447527.5 m E, 6301822.0 m N 7,955 m2 (14,880 m2 total) 2 447678.9 m E, 6301880.0 m N 5,160 m2 (wholly within Area B) 3 448037.9 m E, 6301869.2 m N 27,793 m2 (35,120 m2 total) Table 9. Locations of populations of priority flora Leucopogon subsejunctus (P2) showing mid-point locations of each sub-population and area within and outside of Area B.

30 | P a g e

3.2.3 Conservation Status of the Priority Flora Based on herbarium records, Leucopogon subsejunctus is restricted to an area east of Collie, at the eastern margins of the jarrah forest stretching from Bowelling to near Haddleton Nature Reserve – a distance of 25 km. It is known from 13 herbarium specimens and about 10 separate previously recorded populations. The population within the Bowelling Survey Area appears to form the most northerly part of the species’ distribution. Synaphea hians has a much wider distribution, ranging from near Bowelling west to the Cowaramup area. It is represented by 48 records in the State herbarium.

Figure 6. Synaphea hians (P3)

31 | P a g e

Figure 7. Location of Synaphea hians (P3) in the easternmost part (Section 4) of Area A.

32 | P a g e

Figure 8. Leucopogon subsejunctus (P2)

33 | P a g e

Figure 9. Location of Leucopogon subsejunctus (P2) in the westernmost part (Section 1) of Area A.

34 | P a g e

Figure 10. Location of Leucopogon subsejunctus (P2) in the westernmost part (Section 1) of Area B.

35 | P a g e

3.3 Vegetation Units

3.3.1 Area A Six vegetation units were recognised within the Survey Area, including a unit primarily represented by areas of pasture; plus another that mainly consists of areas predominantly cleared of native vegetation. The vegetation units are described in Table 10, mapped in Figures 11, 12, 13 and 14 and shown in photographs in Appendix 3.

Map Description Area (ha) Code Marri-Wandoo-(Jarrah) Open Forest. Common understorey species: Acacia pulchella, Banksia dallanneyi, Bossiaea A eriocarpa, Hakea lissocarpha, Hypocalymma angustifolium, 5.2 Trymalium ledifolium, Xanthorrhoea preissii Jarrah-Marri-(Wandoo) Open Forest. Common understorey species: Acacia pulchella, Bossiaea ornata, Craspedia B 2.4 variabilis, Hakea lissocarpha, Lagenophora huegelii, Leucopogon capitellatus, Macrozamia riedlei Jarrah Open Forest. Common understorey species: Acacia pulchella, Banksia grandis, Banksia squarrosa, Bossiaea C 8.3 ornata, Craspedia variabilis, Petrophile serruriae, Xanthorrhoea preissii Melaleuca viminea Shrubland. Other common species: Diuris insignis, Chamaescilla corymbosa, Hakea varia, Hakea

D prostrata, Hypocalymma angustifolium, Sowerbaea laxiflora, 1.3 Tribonanthes longipetala, Verticordia densiflora, var. pennigera, Xanthorrhoea preissii Eucalyptus rudis-Marri-(Wandoo) Woodland. The understorey E 1.7 is predominantly exotic pasture grasses. F Paddock trees over pasture species 12.0 Roads and other areas predominantly cleared of native G 6.4 vegetation. Table 10. Vegetation mapping units within Survey Area A at Bowelling.

3.3.2 Area B All of the vegetation units present in Area A are also found in Area B, except for Jarrah Open Forest (Vegetation unit C). The extent of the various vegetation units is presented in Table 11 and their distribution is shown in Figures 15, 16 and 17.

36 | P a g e

Map Description Area (ha) Code Marri-Wandoo-(Jarrah) Open Forest. Common understorey species: Acacia pulchella, Banksia dallanneyi, Bossiaea A 21.8 eriocarpa, Hakea lissocarpha, Hypocalymma angustifolium, Trymalium ledifolium, Xanthorrhoea preissii Jarrah-Marri-(Wandoo) Open Forest. Common understorey species: Acacia pulchella, Bossiaea ornata, Craspedia B 19.5 variabilis, Hakea lissocarpha, Lagenophora huegelii, Leucopogon capitellatus, Macrozamia riedlei Melaleuca viminea Shrubland. Other common species: Diuris insignis, Chamaescilla corymbosa, Hakea varia, Hakea D prostrata, Hypocalymma angustifolium, Sowerbaea laxiflora, 1.8 Tribonanthes longipetala, Verticordia pennigera, Xanthorrhoea preissii Eucalyptus rudis-Marri-(Wandoo) Woodland. The understorey E 2.8 is predominantly exotic pasture grasses. F Paddock trees over pasture species 11.3 Roads and other areas predominantly cleared of native G 1.2 vegetation. Table 11. Vegetation mapping units within Survey Area B at Bowelling.

3.3.3 Conservation Status of the Vegetation Units in Area A and Area B There has been no regional survey of the vegetation of the eastern jarrah forest that has defined vegetation units at the level of the ‘floristic community type’; such as those undertaken for the Swan Coastal Plain and Whicher Scarp. Consequently, it is not possible to determine if any of the vegetation units (which correspond more or less to floristic community types) in Tables 10 and 11 are restricted in distribution. At the broader level of the vegetation complex, the mapping by Mattiske and Havel (1998) demonstrates that they all meet the 15% reservation targets (see Section 1.5).

The Jarrah, Marri and Wandoo open forest within the Survey Areas (vegetation units A and B) are similar to several of the vegetation types identified by Smith (2007) that occur widely throughout the eastern jarrah forest (State forest) and reserves, from Boddington in the north to Boyup Brook in the south.

The Melaleuca viminea shrubland unit (vegetation unit D), which is rich in herbaceous species, is associated with the broad, shallow valley of the Collie River East, much of which has been cleared for agriculture. Of the vegetation units identified within the Survey Areas, vegetation unit D is potentially a restricted ‘floristic community type’1.

1 Advice from Mr. A. Webb, DPaW, Bunbury, email 3/12/2014, which is attached at Appendix 4.

37 | P a g e

Aerial photography demonstrates that most of the native vegetation of the Harris soil- landscape subsystem (Tille, 1996) found along the Collie River East has been cleared for agriculture, or has been used for livestock grazing over many years. A check of areas of native vegetation at several places along the Collie River East to the west of the survey areas with similar M. viminea dominated vegetation demonstrated that there had been degradation of these areas due to past livestock grazing. By contrast, the Melaleuca viminea shrubland unit in Areas A and B appears not to have been subjected to livestock grazing and consequently is in better condition, particularly the areas to the south of the redundant railway line.

38 | P a g e

Figure 11. Vegetation Units in Section 1 of Area A.

39 | P a g e

Figure 12. Vegetation Units in Section 2 of Area A.

40 | P a g e

Figure 13. Vegetation Units in Section 3 of Area A.

41 | P a g e

Figure 14. Vegetation Units in Section 4 of Area A.

42 | P a g e

Figure 15. Vegetation Units in Section 1 of Area B.

43 | P a g e

Figure 16. Vegetation Units in Section 2 of Area B.

44 | P a g e

Figure 17. Vegetation Units in Section 3 of Area B.

45 | P a g e

3.4 Vegetation Condition Vegetation condition in both Areas A and B was assessed using the method of Keighery (1994).

3.4.1 Area A Vegetation condition in Area A ranged from Very Good/Excellent (32% of the survey area) to Completely Degraded (43%). The distribution of vegetation condition in the survey area is presented in Figures 18, 19, 20 and 21. Most of the State forest is in Excellent or Very Good condition, with only the area along an old powerline corridor being classed as Degraded. Pasture devoid of trees and roadways comprise most of the Completely Degraded portion of the Survey Area.

3.4.2 Area B Over two thirds (68.9%) of Area B was Very Good/Excellent condition, and just under 20%, consisting of pasture or roadway, was classified as Completely Degraded. Distribution of vegetation condition by class for Area B is shown in Figures 22, 23 and 24.

46 | P a g e

Figure 18. Vegetation Condition in Section 1 of Area A.

47 | P a g e

Figure 19. Vegetation Condition in Section 2 of Area A.

48 | P a g e

Figure 20. Vegetation Condition in Section 3 of Area A.

49 | P a g e

Figure 21. Vegetation Condition in Section 4 of Area A.

50 | P a g e

Figure 22. Vegetation Condition in Section 1 of Area B.

51 | P a g e

Figure 23. Vegetation Condition in Section 2 of Area B.

52 | P a g e

Figure 24. Vegetation Condition in Section 3 of Area B.

53 | P a g e

4 Discussion

4.1 Weeds, including declared pest plants A survey of proposed re-alignments along the Collie-Lake King Road at the Bowelling Curves within two Survey Areas (Area A and Area B) resulted in the identification of 214 vascular plant taxa, including 19 exotic species. One of the exotic species, Moraea flaccida (One-leaf Cape Tulip) is listed as a C3 pest plant for the Shire of West Arthur. Species are assigned to this category if it is feasible, or desirable, to manage them in order to limit their damage. Appropriate control measures can prevent a C3 pest from increasing in population size or density or moving from an area in which it is established into an area which currently is free of that pest (DAF, 2014).

In terms of control opportunities, the One-leaf Cape Tulip infestation within the disturbed area may be able to be chemically controlled as there is little native vegetation co-occurring with the exotic species, however this will not be feasible within the wetland vegetation.

In order to minimise the spread of this species as a result of the proposed road works, it is recommended that during on-ground works, steps are taken to ensure that soil from within the Cape Tulip infestation area (as shown in Figure 5) is not transported to other locations.

4.2 Declared and Priority Flora

4.2.1 Area A No Declared Rare Flora under the WC Act, or plants listed as threatened under the Commonwealth EPBC Act were found within the survey area. However, two Priority Flora species, Leucopogon subsejunctus (P2) and Synaphea hians (P3) were found; both of them are presumed to be newly-discovered populations. The populations were marked in the field using metal stakes and Day-Glo tape. The population of S. hians lies wholly within the survey area and comprises approximately 20 plants. Synaphea hians has a relatively widespread distribution in the south-west of Western Australia ranging about 150 km east- west and 75 km north south.

About 27% of the population of L. subsejunctus (i.e. about 40 – 60 plants) lies within Survey Area A. This species has a relatively restricted distribution to the east and south east of Bowelling of about 25 km north-south and 15 km east-west.

4.2.2 Area B The survey of Area B, which includes most of the southern proposed alignment within Area A, was undertaken partly due to the discovery of the Priority Two species Leucopogon subsejunctus within Area A. Three sub-populations of L. subsejunctus (including the occurrence identified during the survey of Area A) were found in Area B. The total area of the three sub-populations was approximately 5.5 ha (comprising 2,500 to 3,000 individuals), of which approximately 4.1 ha lies within Area B.

54 | P a g e

No Declared Rare Flora under the WC Act, plants listed as threatened under the Commonwealth EPBC Act, other Priority Flora taxa or species otherwise of conservation significance were found within Area B.

4.3 Vegetation Units Six vegetation units were recognised and mapped for Area A and Area B, including a unit represented mainly by areas of pasture. Most of the native vegetation units, from the information available, are deemed to be well represented in conservation reserves and State forest. However, the herb-rich Melaleuca viminea shrubland unit, which is found on the flats of the Collie River East (comprising the Harris soil-landscape subsystem), much of which has been cleared for agriculture, may be a restricted floristic community type. This vegetation unit is contained within the ‘Swamp’ vegetation complex of Mattiske and Havel (1998) which is a very broad mapping unit of woodlands, shrublands or heaths, and sedgelands associated with valley floors throughout the eastern part of the Northern Jarrah Forest. As noted in Section 1.5 above, the extent remaining of the ‘Swamp’ vegetation complex meets EPA and Commonwealth retention targets. However, of the many vegetation units at the ‘floristic community type’ level contained within the ‘Swamp’ complex, some are likely to be restricted and poorly conserved (mainly through past clearing for agriculture) – the Melaleuca viminea shrubland of the survey area is potentially one of these.

4.4 Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs) Environmentally sensitive areas are protected under the Environmental Protection (Clearing of Native Vegetation) Regulations 2004 and are selected for their environmental values at state or national levels (Government of Western Australia, 2005). They include;

 Defined wetlands and riparian vegetation within 50m;  Areas covered by Threatened Ecological Communities;  Area of vegetation within 50m of Declared Rare Flora;  Bush Forever sites; and  Declared World Heritage property sites.

No part of Area A or Area B meets the criteria for falling within an ESA.

5 Conclusions With regard to floristic conservation factors, the southern proposed alignment in Area A (which is mostly contained within Area B) is the more sensitive because it contains both the Melaleuca viminea shrubland on the flats of the Collie River East, which is potentially a restricted ecological community, and also the Priority 2 species Leucopogon subsejunctus. The survey of Area B found two other occurrences of L. subsejunctus nearby. Approximately

55 | P a g e

three quarters of the total of 5.5 ha of L. subsejunctus comprised by the three sub- populations is located within Area B.

Based on advice received from DPaW in relation to wetland vegetation present within the Survey Area, it is recommended any proposed clearing of the wetland (Vegetation Unit D) is referred to the relevant state government agencies for assessment through the clearing permit process.

56 | P a g e

6 References (Not necessarily cited)

Australian Government (2009), Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia (IBRA) Version 6.1, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. Retrieved January 2011 from http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/nrs/science/bioregion- framework/ibra/index.html

Commonwealth of Australia (2001) National Objectives and Targets for Biodiversity Conservation 2001-2005. Environment Australia, Department of Environment and Heritage, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory.

Cropper, S.C. (1993). Management of endangered plants. CSIRO, Melbourne.

Department of Agriculture and Food (DAF) (2007). Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007. Perth Western Australia

Department of Agriculture and Food (DAF). 2014. Declared plants. https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/pests-weeds-diseases/weeds/declared-plants

Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) (2007). Reservation levels of vegetation complexes and systems with reserve status as at June 2007. Excel spreadsheet.

Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) (2010) Definitions, categories and criteria for threatened and priority ecological communities. Department of Environment and Conservation, Perth, Western Australia

Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA) (1999) Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory

Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW) (2013). Conservation Codes for Western Australian Flora and Fauna. http://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/images/documents/plants- animals/threatened-species/Listings/Conservation_code_definitions_18092013.pdf

Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW) (2014a). Threatened ecological communities endorsed by the Minister for the Environment (May 2014). http://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/plants-and-animals/threatened-species-and- communities/wa-s-threatened-ecological-communities

Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW) (2014b). Priority ecological communities list (May 2014). Department of Parks and Wildlife. http://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/plants-and-

57 | P a g e

animals/threatened-species-and-communities/wa-s-threatened-ecological- communities

Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW) (2014c). Extract from the Department's Threatened (Declared Rare) Flora database and the Western Australian Herbarium. DPaW Species and Communities Branch dated 8 September 2014.

Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW) (2014d). Naturemap, Western Australian Herbarium. http://naturemap.dec.wa.gov.au/default.aspx Accessed 26 August 2014

Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW) (2014e). The WA Herbarium Census of WA Plants Database (WACENSUS: ‘Max’ update 11/09/2014).

Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW) (2014f). Florabase, Western Australian Herbarium.

Department of the Environment. (DotE) (2014a). Threatened ecological communities under the EPBC Act. http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi- bin/sprat/public/publiclookupcommunities.pl accessed 26 August 2014

Department of the Environment. (DotE) (2014b). Protected Matters Search Tool query, generated 26 August 2014

Department of the Environment. (DotE) (2014c). Categories of Threatened species under the EPBC Act. http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species.html Accessed 26 August 2014

Department of the Environment. (DotE) (2014d). Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act. Species Profile and Threats Database. http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl accessed 26 August 2014

Environment Australia (2001). National objectives and targets for biodiversity conservation 2001–2005. http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/national-objectives-and- targets-biodiversity-conservation-2001%E2%80%932005

Environmental Protection Authority (2000). Environmental Protection of Native Vegetation in Western Australia. EPA Position Statement No. 2. EPA, Perth

Environmental Protection Authority of WA (2004). Guidance for the Assessment of Environmental Factors: Terrestrial Flora and Vegetation Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment in Western Australia, Guidance Statement No. 51.

58 | P a g e

Environmental Protection Authority (2006). Level of Assessment for Proposals affecting Natural Area within the System 6 Region and Swan Coastal Plain Portion of the System 1 Region. Guidance Statement No. 10, June 2006, Perth.

Environmental Protection Authority of WA (EPA) (2009). South West Regional Ecological Linkages. Environmental protection Bulletin No. 8. EPA, Perth, Western Australia

Government of Western Australia (1950). Wildlife Conservation Act 1950. Perth, Western Australia

Government of Western Australia (2005). Environmental Protection (Environmentally Sensitive Areas) Notice 2005 (Environmental Protection Act 1986). Government Gazette, No.55

Government of Western Australia. (2013a). 2012 Statewide Vegetation Statistics incorporating the CAR Reserve Analysis (Full Report). Current as of October 2012. WA Department of Environment and Conservation. Perth, Western Australia. https://www2.landgate.wa.gov.au/web/guest/downloader

Government of Western Australia (2013b). Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, Wildlife Conservation (Rare Flora) Notice 2013. Government Gazette, 17 September 2013.

Havel, J.J. and Mattiske, E.M. (2000). Vegetation mapping of south west forest regions of Western Australia. Parts 6 and 7 (Maps). CALMScience Division, Australia. Environment Australia

Hoffman, N. and Brown, A. (2011). Orchids of South – West Australia. Third Edition Noel Hoffman. Gooseberry Hill, Western Australia.

Keighery, B. J. (1994). Bushland Plant Survey: A guide to plant community survey for the community. Wildflower Society of Western Australia (Inc.), Nedlands

Mattiske, E.M. and Havel, J.J., 1998. Vegetation Complexes of the South-west Forest Region of Western Australia. Maps and report prepared as part of the Regional Forest Agreement. Western Australia for the Department of Conservation and Land Management and Environment Australia. Western Australia.

Schoknecht, N., Tille, P., Purdie, B. (2004). Soil Landscape Mapping in South-Western Australia –Overview of Methodology and Outputs – Resource Management Technical Report 280. Department of Agriculture, Government of Western Australia.

Smith, R.S. (2007). A Preliminary Analysis of Floristic Quadrat Data from the Eastern Part of the South West Region (The Darkan-Boyup Brook Survey). Unpublished report, Department of Environment and Conservation, Bunbury, Western Australia, 25 pp.

59 | P a g e

Tille, P.J. (1996). Wellington – Blackwood Land Resources Survey, Land Resources Series No. 14. Department of Agriculture, Western Australia

60 | P a g e

Appendix 1. Protected Matters Search Tool Report (Attached)

61 | P a g e

EPBC Act Protected Matters Report

This report provides general guidance on matters of national environmental significance and other matters protected by the EPBC Act in the area you have selected.

Information on the coverage of this report and qualifications on data supporting this report are contained in the caveat at the end of the report.

Information is available about Environment Assessments and the EPBC Act including significance guidelines, forms and application process details.

Report created: 26/08/14 15:06:02

Summary Details Matters of NES Other Matters Protected by the EPBC Act Extra Information Caveat Acknowledgements

This map may contain data which are ©Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia), ©PSMA 2010

Coordinates Buffer: 10.0Km

Summary

Matters of National Environmental Significance

This part of the report summarises the matters of national environmental significance that may occur in, or may relate to, the area you nominated. Further information is available in the detail part of the report, which can be accessed by scrolling or following the links below. If you are proposing to undertake an activity that may have a significant impact on one or more matters of national environmental significance then you should consider the Administrative Guidelines on Significance.

World Heritage Properties: None National Heritage Places: None Wetlands of International Importance: None Great Barrier Reef Marine Park: None Commonwealth Marine Areas: None Listed Threatened Ecological Communities: None Listed Threatened Species: 14 Listed Migratory Species: 5

Other Matters Protected by the EPBC Act

This part of the report summarises other matters protected under the Act that may relate to the area you nominated. Approval may be required for a proposed activity that significantly affects the environment on Commonwealth land, when the action is outside the Commonwealth land, or the environment anywhere when the action is taken on Commonwealth land. Approval may also be required for the Commonwealth or Commonwealth agencies proposing to take an action that is likely to have a significant impact on the environment anywhere.

The EPBC Act protects the environment on Commonwealth land, the environment from the actions taken on Commonwealth land, and the environment from actions taken by Commonwealth agencies. As heritage values of a place are part of the 'environment', these aspects of the EPBC Act protect the Commonwealth Heritage values of a Commonwealth Heritage place and the heritage values of a place on the Register of the National Estate.

This part of the report summarises other matters protected under the Act that may relate to the area you nominated. Approval may be required for a proposed activity that significantly affects the environment on Commonwealth land, when the action is outside the Commonwealth land, or the environment anywhere when the action is taken on Commonwealth land. Approval may also be required for the Commonwealth or Commonwealth agencies proposing to take an action that is likely to have a significant impact on the environment anywhere.

A permit may be required for activities in or on a Commonwealth area that may affect a member of a listed threatened species or ecological community, a member of a listed migratory species, whales and other cetaceans, or a member of a listed marine species.

Commonwealth Land: None Commonwealth Heritage Places: None Listed Marine Species: 5 Whales and Other Cetaceans: None Critical Habitats: None Commonwealth Reserves Terrestrial: None Commonwealth Reserves Marine None

Extra Information

This part of the report provides information that may also be relevant to the area you have nominated.

Place on the RNE: 1 State and Territory Reserves: 2 Regional Forest Agreements: 1 Invasive Species: 19 Nationally Important Wetlands: None Key Ecological Features (Marine) None

Details

Matters of National Environmental Significance

Listed Threatened Species [ Resource Information ] Name Status Type of Presence Birds Calyptorhynchus banksii naso Forest Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo, Karrak [67034] Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur within area Calyptorhynchus baudinii Baudin's Black-Cockatoo, Long-billed Black- Vulnerable Species or species Cockatoo [769] habitat likely to occur within area Calyptorhynchus latirostris Carnaby's Black-Cockatoo, Short-billed Black- Endangered Breeding likely to occur Cockatoo [59523] within area Leipoa ocellata Malleefowl [934] Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur within area Mammals Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi Woylie [66844] Endangered Species or species habitat known to occur within area Dasyurus geoffroii Chuditch, Western Quoll [330] Vulnerable Species or species habitat known to occur within area Myrmecobius fasciatus Numbat [294] Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Phascogale calura Red-tailed Phascogale [316] Endangered Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Pseudocheirus occidentalis Western Ringtail Possum, Ngwayir [25911] Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur within area

Name Status Type of Presence Setonix brachyurus Quokka [229] Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur within area Plants Caladenia lodgeana Lodge's Spider-orchid [68664] Critically Endangered Species or species habitat known to occur within area Commersonia erythrogyna Trigwell's Rulingia [86397] Endangered Species or species habitat known to occur within area Diuris micrantha Dwarf Bee-orchid [55082] Vulnerable Species or species habitat known to occur within area Drakaea confluens Late Hammer-orchid [56778] Endangered Species or species habitat may occur within area Listed Migratory Species [ Resource Information ] * Species is listed under a different scientific name on the EPBC Act - Threatened Species list. Name Threatened Type of Presence Migratory Marine Birds Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift [678] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Migratory Terrestrial Species Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea-Eagle [943] Species or species habitat may occur within area Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater [670] Species or species habitat may occur within area Migratory Wetlands Species Ardea alba Great Egret, White Egret [59541] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Ardea ibis Cattle Egret [59542] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Other Matters Protected by the EPBC Act Listed Marine Species [ Resource Information ] * Species is listed under a different scientific name on the EPBC Act - Threatened Species list. Name Threatened Type of Presence Birds Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift [678] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Ardea alba Great Egret, White Egret [59541] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Ardea ibis Cattle Egret [59542] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Name Threatened Type of Presence Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea-Eagle [943] Species or species habitat may occur within area Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater [670] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Extra Information Places on the RNE [ Resource Information ] Note that not all Indigenous sites may be listed. Name State Status Natural Bennelaking Management Priority Area WA Indicative Place

State and Territory Reserves [ Resource Information ] Name State Muja WA Yallatup WA

Regional Forest Agreements [ Resource Information ] Note that all areas with completed RFAs have been included. Name State South West WA RFA Western Australia

Invasive Species [ Resource Information ] Weeds reported here are the 20 species of national significance (WoNS), along with other introduced plants that are considered by the States and Territories to pose a particularly significant threat to biodiversity. The following feral animals are reported: Goat, Red Fox, Cat, Rabbit, Pig, Water Buffalo and Cane Toad. Maps from Landscape Health Project, National Land and Water Resouces Audit, 2001. Name Status Type of Presence Birds Anas platyrhynchos Mallard [974] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Columba livia Rock Pigeon, Rock Dove, Domestic Pigeon [803] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Passer domesticus House Sparrow [405] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Passer montanus Eurasian Tree Sparrow [406] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Streptopelia senegalensis Laughing Turtle-dove, Laughing Dove [781] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Sturnus vulgaris Common Starling [389] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Mammals

Name Status Type of Presence Felis catus Cat, House Cat, Domestic Cat [19] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Feral deer Feral deer species in Australia [85733] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Mus musculus House Mouse [120] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit, European Rabbit [128] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Rattus rattus Black Rat, Ship Rat [84] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Sus scrofa Pig [6] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Vulpes vulpes Red Fox, Fox [18] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Plants Asparagus asparagoides Bridal Creeper, Bridal Veil Creeper, Smilax, Species or species Florist's Smilax, Smilax Asparagus [22473] habitat likely to occur within area Chrysanthemoides monilifera Bitou Bush, Boneseed [18983] Species or species habitat may occur within area Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera Boneseed [16905] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Genista sp. X Genista monspessulana Broom [67538] Species or species habitat may occur within area Pinus radiata Radiata Pine Monterey Pine, Insignis Pine, Wilding Species or species Pine [20780] habitat may occur within area Rubus fruticosus aggregate Blackberry, European Blackberry [68406] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Coordinates -33.42111 116.46667

Caveat The information presented in this report has been provided by a range of data sources as acknowledged at the end of the report. This report is designed to assist in identifying the locations of places which may be relevant in determining obligations under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. It holds mapped locations of World Heritage and Register of National Estate properties, Wetlands of International Importance, Commonwealth and State/Territory reserves, listed threatened, migratory and marine species and listed threatened ecological communities. Mapping of Commonwealth land is not complete at this stage. Maps have been collated from a range of sources at various resolutions.

Not all species listed under the EPBC Act have been mapped (see below) and therefore a report is a general guide only. Where available data supports mapping, the type of presence that can be determined from the data is indicated in general terms. People using this information in making a referral may need to consider the qualifications below and may need to seek and consider other information sources.

For threatened ecological communities where the distribution is well known, maps are derived from recovery plans, State vegetation maps, remote sensing imagery and other sources. Where threatened ecological community distributions are less well known, existing vegetation maps and point location data are used to produce indicative distribution maps.

For species where the distributions are well known, maps are digitised from sources such as recovery plans and detailed habitat studies. Where appropriate, core breeding, foraging and roosting areas are indicated under 'type of presence'. For species whose distributions are less well known, point locations are collated from government wildlife authorities, museums, and non-government organisations; bioclimatic distribution models are generated and these validated by experts. In some cases, the distribution maps are based solely on expert knowledge.

Only selected species covered by the following provisions of the EPBC Act have been mapped: - migratory and - marine The following species and ecological communities have not been mapped and do not appear in reports produced from this database: - threatened species listed as extinct or considered as vagrants - some species and ecological communities that have only recently been listed - some terrestrial species that overfly the Commonwealth marine area - migratory species that are very widespread, vagrant, or only occur in small numbers The following groups have been mapped, but may not cover the complete distribution of the species: - non-threatened seabirds which have only been mapped for recorded breeding sites - seals which have only been mapped for breeding sites near the Australian continent Such breeding sites may be important for the protection of the Commonwealth Marine environment.

Acknowledgements This database has been compiled from a range of data sources. The department acknowledges the following custodians who have contributed valuable data and advice: -Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water, New South Wales -Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria -Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Tasmania -Department of Environment and Natural Resources, South Australia -Parks and Wildlife Service NT, NT Dept of Natural Resources, Environment and the Arts -Environmental and Resource Management, Queensland -Department of Environment and Conservation, Western Australia -Department of the Environment, Climate Change, Energy and Water -Birds Australia -Australian Bird and Bat Banding Scheme -Australian National Wildlife Collection -Natural history museums of Australia -Museum Victoria -Australian Museum -SA Museum -Queensland Museum -Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums -Queensland Herbarium -National Herbarium of NSW -Royal Botanic Gardens and National Herbarium of Victoria -Tasmanian Herbarium -State Herbarium of South Australia -Northern Territory Herbarium -Western Australian Herbarium -Australian National Herbarium, Atherton and Canberra -University of New England -Ocean Biogeographic Information System -Australian Government, Department of Defence -State Forests of NSW -Geoscience Australia -CSIRO -Other groups and individuals

The Department is extremely grateful to the many organisations and individuals who provided expert advice and information on numerous draft distributions.

Please feel free to provide feedback via the Contact Us page.

© Commonwealth of Australia Department of the Environment GPO Box 787 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia +61 2 6274 1111

Appendix 2. List of vascular flora found within the survey area at Bowelling.

62 | P a g e

FAMILY SPECIES NATURALISED CONS STATUS LIFE SPAN LIFE FORM LIFE FORM (SUB) Apiaceae Daucus glochidiatus Annual Herb Apocynaceae Vinca major * Perennial Climber Araliaceae Trachymene pilosa Annual Herb Asparagaceae Chamaescilla corymbosa Perennial Herb Dichopogon preissii Perennial Herb Lomandra purpurea Perennial Herb Lomandra sericea Perennial Herb Sowerbaea laxiflora Perennial Herb Thysanotus dichotomus Perennial Herb Thysanotus multiflorus Perennial Herb Thysanotus patersonii Perennial Climber Thysanotus tenellus Perennial Herb Asteraceae Arctotheca calendula * Annual Herb Brachyscome iberidifolia Annual Herb Cotula coronopifolia * Annual Herb Cotula turbinata * Annual Herb Craspedia variabilis Annual Herb Hyalosperma pusillum Annual Herb Hypochaeris glabra * Perennial Herb Lagenophora huegelii Perennial Herb Podolepis lessonii Annual Herb Podotheca angustifolia Annual Herb Rhodanthe manglesii Annual Herb Senecio pinnatifolius Annual Herb Trichocline spathulata Perennial Herb Waitzia suaveolens Annual Herb Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina fraseriana Perennial Tree Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina humilis Perennial Shrub Celastraceae Stackhousia monogyna Perennial Herb

63 | P a g e

FAMILY SPECIES NATURALISED CONS STATUS LIFE SPAN LIFE FORM LIFE FORM (SUB) Colchicaceae Burchardia multiflora Perennial Herb Wurmbea dioica Perennial Herb Cupressaceae Callitris pyramidalis Perennial Tree Cyperaceae Baumea juncea Perennial Grass-like Rush Cyathochaeta avenacea Perennial Grass-like Sedge Cyperus eragrostis * Perennial Grass-like Sedge Ficinia nodosa Perennial Grass-like Sedge Lepidosperma leptostachyum Perennial Grass-like Sedge Lepidosperma squamatum Perennial Grass-like Sedge Mesomelaena tetragona Perennial Grass-like Sedge Tetraria sp. Jarrah Forest (R. Davis 7391) Perennial Grass-like Sedge Dilleniaceae Hibbertia amplexicaulis Perennial Shrub Hibbertia commutata Perennial Shrub Hibbertia hibbertioides Perennial Shrub Hibbertia hypericoides Perennial Shrub Hibbertia quadricolor Perennial Shrub Hibbertia stellaris Perennial Shrub Droseraceae Drosera erythrorhiza Perennial Herb Drosera gigantea Perennial Herb Drosera macrantha Perennial Herb Drosera neesii Perennial Herb Drosera nitidula Perennial Herb Drosera pallida Perennial Herb Drosera scorpioides Perennial Herb Elaeocarpaceae Tetratheca hirsuta Perennial Shrub Tetratheca virgata Perennial Shrub Ericaceae Astroloma ciliatum Perennial Shrub Leucopogon capitellatus Perennial Shrub

64 | P a g e

FAMILY SPECIES NATURALISED CONS STATUS LIFE SPAN LIFE FORM LIFE FORM (SUB) Ericaceae Leucopogon conostephioides Perennial Shrub Leucopogon glabellus Perennial Shrub Leucopogon propinquus Perennial Shrub Leucopogon subsejunctus 2 Perennial Shrub Fabaceae Acacia dealbata * Perennial Shrub Acacia extensa Perennial Shrub Acacia incurva Perennial Shrub Acacia insolita subsp. insolita Perennial Shrub Acacia nervosa Perennial Shrub Acacia pulchella Perennial Shrub Acacia saligna Perennial Shrub Acacia stenoptera Perennial Shrub Bossiaea eriocarpa Perennial Shrub Bossiaea ornata Perennial Shrub Brachysema praemorsum Perennial Shrub Chamaecytisus palmensis * Perennial Shrub Chorizema aciculare Perennial Shrub Daviesia cordata Perennial Shrub Daviesia incrassata Perennial Shrub Daviesia longifolia Perennial Shrub Daviesia preissii Perennial Shrub Dillwynia laxiflora Perennial Shrub Gastrolobium calycinum Perennial Shrub Gastrolobium praemorsum Perennial Shrub Gompholobium confertum Perennial Shrub Gompholobium knightianum Perennial Shrub Gompholobium marginatum Perennial Shrub Gompholobium preissii Perennial Shrub Jacksonia condensata Perennial Shrub

65 | P a g e

FAMILY SPECIES NATURALISED CONS STATUS LIFE SPAN LIFE FORM LIFE FORM (SUB) Fabaceae Kennedia coccinea Perennial Shrub Kennedia prostrata Perennial Shrub Labichea punctata Perennial Shrub Lotus subbiflorus Perennial Herb Lupinus cosentinii Annual Herb Geraniaceae Erodium cicutarium Annual Herb Geranium retrorsum Perennial Herb Pelargonium australe Perennial Herb Goodeniaceae Dampiera alata Perennial Shrub Dampiera linearis Perennial Shrub Lechenaultia biloba Perennial Shrub Scaevola calliptera Perennial Shrub Velleia trinervis Perennial Herb Haemodoraceae Anigozanthos bicolor Perennial Herb Anigozanthos manglesii Perennial Herb Conostylis aculeata Perennial Herb Conostylis pusilla Perennial Herb Conostylis setigera Perennial Herb Haemodorum laxum Perennial Herb Haemodorum simplex Perennial Herb Tribonanthes longipetala Perennial Herb Hemerocallidaceae Agrostocrinum hirsutum Perennial Herb Dianella revoluta Perennial Herb Stypandra glauca Perennial Herb Hypoxidaceae Pauridia glabella Perennial Herb Pauridia occidentalis var. quadriloba Perennial Herb Iridaceae Gladiolus angustus * Perennial Herb Moraea flaccida * Perennial Herb Patersonia juncea Perennial Herb

66 | P a g e

FAMILY SPECIES NATURALISED CONS STATUS LIFE SPAN LIFE FORM LIFE FORM (SUB) Iridaceae Patersonia occidentalis Perennial Herb Romulea rosea * Perennial Herb Sparaxis bulbifera * Perennial Herb Lentibulariaceae Utricularia multifida Annual Herb Linaceae Linum marginale Perennial Herb Myrtaceae Astartea scoparia Perennial Shrub Corymbia calophylla Perennial Tree Eucalyptus marginata Perennial Tree Eucalyptus rudis Perennial Tree Eucalyptus wandoo Perennial Tree Hypocalymma angustifolium Perennial Shrub Kunzea micrantha subsp. oligandra Perennial Shrub Kunzea recurva Perennial Shrub Leptospermum erubescens Perennial Shrub Melaleuca viminea Perennial Shrub Rinzia fumana Perennial Shrub Verticordia densiflora var. densiflora Perennial Shrub Verticordia pennigera Perennial Shrub Orchidaceae Caladenia hiemalis Perennial Herb Caladenia longicauda subsp. redacta Perennial Herb Caladenia macrostylis Perennial Herb Caladenia radiata Perennial Herb Caladenia reptans Perennial Herb Cyanicula gemmata Perennial Herb Cyanicula sericea Perennial Herb Diuris corymbosa Perennial Herb Diuris insignis Perennial Herb Diuris longifolia Perennial Herb Prasophyllum gracile Perennial Herb

67 | P a g e

FAMILY SPECIES NATURALISED CONS STATUS LIFE SPAN LIFE FORM LIFE FORM (SUB) Orchidaceae Pterostylis recurva Perennial Herb Thelymitra antennifera Perennial Herb Thelymitra crinita Perennial Herb Thelymitra vulgaris Perennial Herb Orobanchaceae Bartsia trixago * Annual Herb Parentucellia viscosa Annual Herb Papaveraceae Fumaria muralis * Annual Herb Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthus calycinus Perennial Shrub Poranthera huegelii Perennial Shrub Pittosporaceae Billardiera heterophylla Perennial Shrub Poaceae Austrostipa compressa Annual Grass-like Grass Austrostipa hemipogon Perennial Grass-like Grass Austrostipa semibarbata Perennial Grass-like Grass Avena barbata * Annual Grass-like Grass Briza maxima * Annual Grass-like Grass Bromus catharticus * Annual Grass-like Grass Ehrharta calycina * Perennial Grass-like Grass Ehrharta longiflora * Annual Grass-like Grass Neurachne alopecuroidea Perennial Grass-like Grass Tetrarrhena laevis Perennial Grass-like Grass Primulaceae Lysimachia arvensis * Annual Herb Proteaceae Banksia bipinnatifida Perennial Shrub Banksia dallanneyi Perennial Shrub Banksia grandis Perennial Tree Banksia sessilis Perennial Shrub Banksia sphaerocarpa Perennial Shrub Banksia squarrosa Perennial Shrub Conospermum caeruleum Perennial Shrub Grevillea bipinnatifida Perennial Shrub

68 | P a g e

FAMILY SPECIES NATURALISED CONS STATUS LIFE SPAN LIFE FORM LIFE FORM (SUB) Proteaceae Grevillea quercifolia Perennial Shrub Grevillea trifida Perennial Shrub Hakea lissocarpha Perennial Shrub Hakea marginata Perennial Shrub Hakea prostrata Perennial Shrub Hakea ruscifolia Perennial Shrub Hakea sulcata Perennial Shrub Hakea trifurcata Perennial Shrub Hakea undulata Perennial Shrub Hakea varia Perennial Shrub Persoonia longifolia Perennial Shrub Petrophile serruriae Perennial Shrub Petrophile squamata Perennial Shrub Stirlingia simplex Perennial Shrub Synaphea cuneata Perennial Shrub Synaphea damopsis Perennial Shrub Synaphea floribunda Perennial Shrub Synaphea gracilis Perennial Shrub Synaphea hians 3 Perennial Shrub Synaphea obtusata Perennial Shrub Synaphea petiolaris Perennial Shrub Ranunculaceae Ranunculus colonorum Perennial Herb Restionaceae Apodasmia ceramophila Perennial Herb Desmocladus asper Perennial Herb Desmocladus fasciculatus Perennial Grass-like Restiad Harperia lateriflora Perennial Herb Meeboldina cana Perennial Grass-like Restiad Meeboldina coangustata Perennial Grass-like Restiad Rhamnaceae Trymalium ledifolium Perennial Shrub

69 | P a g e

FAMILY SPECIES NATURALISED CONS STATUS LIFE SPAN LIFE FORM LIFE FORM (SUB) Rubiaceae Opercularia apiciflora Perennial Herb Rutaceae Boronia crenulata Perennial Shrub Boronia ramosa Perennial Shrub Santalaceae Santalum acuminatum Perennial Shrub Stylidiaceae Stylidium affine Perennial Herb Stylidium calcaratum Perennial Herb Stylidium ciliatum Perennial Herb Stylidium crassifolium Perennial Herb Stylidium dichotomum Perennial Herb Stylidium ecorne Perennial Herb Stylidium piliferum Perennial Herb Stylidium schoenoides Perennial Herb Stylidium uniflorum Perennial Herb Thymelaeaceae Pimelea imbricata Perennial Shrub Pimelea suaveolens Perennial Shrub Xanthorrhoeaceae Xanthorrhoea gracilis Perennial Shrub Xanthorrhoea preissii Perennial Tree-like monocot Zamiaceae Macrozamia riedlei Perennial Shrub

70 | P a g e

71 | P a g e

Appendix 3. Description of Vegetation Units in Areas A and B at Bowelling

72 | P a g e

Vegetation Unit A. Marri-Wandoo-(Jarrah) Open Forest. Common understorey species: Acacia pulchella, Banksia dallanneyi, Bossiaea eriocarpa, Hakea lissocarpha, Hypocalymma angustifolium, Trymalium ledifolium, Xanthorrhoea preissii.

Vegetation Unit B. Jarrah-Marri-(Wandoo) Open Forest. Common understorey species: Acacia pulchella, Bossiaea ornata, Craspedia variabilis, Hakea lissocarpha, Lagenophora huegelii, Leucopogon capitellatus, Macrozamia riedlei.

73 | P a g e

Vegetation Unit C. Jarrah Open Forest. Common understorey species: Acacia pulchella, Banksia grandis, Banksia squarrosa, Bossiaea ornata, Craspedia variabilis, Petrophile serruriae, Xanthorrhoea preissii.

Vegetation Unit D. Melaleuca viminea Shrubland. Other common species: Diuris insignis, Chamaescilla corymbosa, Hakea varia, Hakea prostrata, Hypocalymma angustifolium, Sowerbaea laxiflora, Tribonanthes longipetala, Xanthorrhoea preissii. (Other species: Apodasmia ceramophila, Drosera neesii, Ficinia nodosa, Haemodorum simplex, Hyalosperma pusillum, Meeboldina cana, Pauridia glabella, Pimelea imbricata, Stylidium crassifolium, Verticordia densiflora var. densiflora, V. pennigera, Waitzia suaveolens).

74 | P a g e

Vegetation Unit E. Eucalyptus rudis-Marri-(Wandoo) Woodland. The understorey is predominantly exotic pasture grasses.

75 | P a g e

Appendix 4. Email communication from Andrew Webb regarding Vegetation Unit D.

From: Webb, Andrew [mailto:[email protected]] Sent: Wednesday, 3 December 2014 12:28 PM To: Russell Smith Subject: RE: Collie River East

Hi Russell,

While I have not seen the site and my comments are only based on a few photographs provided and your description of the area, it is apparent that the discussed area is wetland dependent vegetation that does not appear to be degraded through grazing and/or the impact of salinity.

Recent Departmental surveys of intact wetland vegetation associated with clay soils along the Blackwood River and the Dinningup Brook within the South West Region (these inspected areas are on comparable major river systems and in a similar landscape position to that of this discussed wetland ie: on the eastern side of the Jarrah Forest IBRA region), have shown that these wetland features associated with clay soils can support Declared Rare and/or Priority listed flora. While appropriate sampling has not yet been undertaken, it is possible that some of these wetland features may be examples of the Federally listed TEC “Clay pans with shrubs over herbs” (this community is a Priority 1 listed Ecological Community (PEC) at the state level).

It also needs to be noted that through agricultural clearing, grazing and salinization that intact wetland features particularly those associated with clay soils are becoming increasingly rare in the Jarrah forest/Wheatbelt IBRA region interface, as such any intact examples of such vegetation may be considered regionally significant (as per the definition in EPA Guidance Statement 51).

As mentioned while this particular wetland feature has not been inspected in person, with it being wetland dependent vegetation and with its potential to support significant conservation values (ie: DRF, Priority listed flora, TEC, regionally significant vegetation) it would be expected that as a minimum any proposed clearing of this wetland feature would require referral to DER as part of a native vegetation clearing application.

Regards

Andrew Webb

76 | P a g e