AREA : 5000 Ha

Project Cost : 750.00 Lakhs

Tlabung, Silgur, Bolongsuri, Tiperaghat, Theka.

Prepared by, BDO, Lungsen.

1 INDEX

CHAPTER Page No. 1. Introduction ------3 2. Project Profile ------8 3. History of Project Villages & ------12 Basic Information 4. Participatory Rural Appraisal ------17 5. Problem Typology ------18 6. Project Intervention Plan ------21 7. DPR Plan Abstract ------22 8. Preparatory Phase. ------23 9. Work Plan Details ------24 10. Consolidation and Withdrawal Phase. ------26 11. Capacity Building Institute Identified ------27 12. Institutional & Capacity building Plan ------28 13. Basic Profile of the project location ------30 14. Maps of the project ------31 15. Institutional mechanism& Agreements. ------35 16. SWOT Analysis of PIA. ------36 17. PIA & Watershed Committee details. ------37 18. Convergence Plans. ------39 19. Expected Outcomes. ------41 20. Expected Estimate Outcomes. ------43 21. Monitoring & Evaluation. ------44 22. Plan & Estimates for various activities. ------46 23. Drawing for Various activities. ------52 24. Micro-Watershed work Plan for one cluster Area under IWMP.------58 25. Beneficiary Card Sample ------59

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(a) INTRODUCTION:

The natural resources management becomes more and more important for economic growth and development of the rural people. The once potential land became degraded due to inefficient management thereby, decreasing its productivity. Further degradation should be prevented with multi-dimensional approaches and its development requires scientific, holistic and innovative approach. Unprecedented population and cattle pressure and demands of Society on scarce land, water and biological resources and the ever increasing degradation of these resources is affecting the stability and resilience of our ecosystem and the environment as a whole. The expansion of human settlement and infrastructure, intensification of Agriculture, expansion of agriculture into marginal areas and fragile ecosystem emphasizes the need for integrated planning and management of resources. Most of the rural population depends on shifting cultivation for their livelihood. Shifting Cultivation is practiced by clearing forest areas. The previous year’s jhumland is kept fallow for 5- 6 year’s depending on the area available for cultivation for each village. Shifting Cultivation results in burning of large areas of forest including those that are not required for cultivation thereby destroying forest cover, there are fewer trees and shrubs to decrease the flow of water, hence only the top soil becomes wet leading to increased runoff speed of rain water resulting in low underground water table. Those natural springs we have that we so proudly say never runs dry have now become dry during the winter months. The water we have left barely meets the requirement for human consumption not to mention those required for irrigation of farmland. The thinning forest cover decreases moisture content of the soil making it unsuitable for plantation of trees and crops. Temperature also increases considerably because of this. Our once fertile lands will soon become deserts if we do not put a stop to shifting cultivation soon.

Each watershed area under the project is a micro level effort to achieve the objective of watershed programme through treating under productive and hitherto unproductive lands and taking up allied activities for the benefits of the rural poor and landless. This project adopt a common strategy of multi-resource management involving all stakeholders within the watershed, who together as a group, co-operatively identify the resources issues and concerns of the watershed as well as develop and implement a watershed plan with solution that are environmentally, socially and economically sustainable.

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The objective of the project will be:-

1. Developing water, land/degraded land and abandoned jhum land on watershed basis, keeping in view the capacity of land, local condition and needs. 2. Promoting overall economic development and improving Socio-economic condition of the poor and disadvantaged section inhabiting the project area. 3. Restoring ecological balance by harnessing, conserving and developing natural resources. i.e. land, water and vegetative cover 4. Encouraging village community for sustainable community action for operation and maintenance of assets created and further development of potential of natural resources in the watershed. 5. Employment generation, poverty alleviation, community empowerment and development of human and other economic resources of the village. Watershed Management works will be taken up in multi-tier approaches as below:-

(b) First Tier-Canopy/Ridge Area Treatment

(a) Stoppage of Shifting Cultivation: Under IWMP farmers are encouraged to practice permanent farming in compact areas. All the areas which were previously used for cultivation will be left fallow and in due course of time natural forest growth will be regenerated.

(b) Afforestation: Besides the natural forest areas, more areas are proposed for afforestation under IWMP and other Schemes. Increased forest area will result in decrease of runoff water, soil water content and increased precipitation/rainfall, increased underground water table.

(c) Prevention of soil erosion: Due to the hilly nature of and deforestation, rain water easily erodes the fertile top soil. Fertility decreases considerably in places of minimal forest cover. To prevent more soil erosion, construction of terraces, afforestation and other means are proposed so that there will be minimum soil content in the runoff water.

(c) Second Tier-Horticulture Crop Area Treatment

(d) Construction of water harvesting structures and better utilization of water resources: Rainfall is still moderate and whatever rainfall we get, if we have proper harvesting structures, is more than enough for every household use without any other source of water. In place of permanent cultivation where natural streams are available for water harvesting using gravity and in those places where water is

4 not available by gravity also, water harvesting should be encouraged. The harvested water can be used both for human consumption as well as for irrigating farmlands and will provide the required water during dry season. (e) Land Development: The areas covered under IWMP project are planned to be developed in such a way that the productivity will increase. The areas proposed for afforestation will be developed by making terrace. Construction of terrace will prevent unnecessary water runoff, thereby, recharging the water table. In places where permanent cultivation will be practiced, depending on the slope of the terrain, terrace, bench terrace and contour trench will be constructed. Cultivation of commercial crops will be practiced in such places and irrigation facilities for dry season will be provided. (f) Gestation period treatment: The Permanent Horticulture crops planted in the 2nd Tier-Area will be mostly Orange, Hatcora, Nimbu, Litchi, Mango, Avocado and other cash crops. These crops will be harvested only after 5 years or more. During the gestation period, farmers and cultivators will be encouraged and assisted to introduce annual cash crops to meet their daily weeks.

(g) Third Tier-Agriculture Crop Area Treatment: (a) Wet Rice Cultivation & Mixed Farming: In places of permanent cultivation, the land will be prepared in such a way that 2 – 3 crops can be planted in a year. This cannot be achieved with only the natural fertility of the land; therefore, provision will be made so that the cultivators can raise domestic animals in their farmland. The manure collected from animals can be used to fertilize the land making the crops produced in these farms entirely organic. Organic products are easier to export and have a larger market. (b) Multiple cropping: If water and manure are available in plenty, farmers can plant different varieties of crop depending on the season. Even during the dry season, cultivation can be done and also permanent crops can be raised. 4. Rural – Urban migration: Due to lack of employment opportunities and for various other reasons, rural populations migrate to urban areas. In urban areas there is deficit of work due to large influx of population from rural areas, resulting in poverty and creating problem for resettlement to rural areas. Using IWMP this rural-urban migration is hoped to be kept in check by providing them with means for secure income.

5. Women empowerment: For an accelerated Socio-economic development of any community active participation of women is essential. In a social set up like ours, i.e., Patriarchal family system, the participation of women in the development process has to be ensured through tangible measures at various levels which result in empowerment of women in the real sense. This project will address to decrease the

5 workload of women in the project area. Time spent for collecting drinking water will be reduced which will result in positive impact on the quality of life and health of women and the family.

6. Provision of livelihood for Asset-less families: The Asset-less families will be provided with a scope of micro-entrepreneurship, they will be assisted and trained to take up those activities identified under the project. Livestock farming, handicraft, mechanics, black smithy, Tin smithy, Petty trade etc. will be encouraged by the PIA for this Asset-less people. Necessary financial and technical support will be provided from the project fund.

7. Creation of Assets: Using IWMP Project, plans are made to provide durable assets to the rural population. These assets will last long after the completion of this project and will be handed over to the public on completion of this project. The management, repair, renovation or augmentation of these assets will be the responsibility of the people. Plans are made in such a way that once the project is completed the public will be able to restore or augment these assets without Government help. A minimal charge will be collected from the user of these assets; this collection along with WDF will be used for maintenance of these assets.

8. Convergence with other Programmes: An opportunity for convergence with other programmes of Government of and State Government will be opened for the Project area as well as beneficiaries and end-users. Convergence with other programme will be those which are not convenient to address from IWMP fund and those needing more fund and man days which could not be met from the said scheme. Beneficiaries will be encouraged to utilize such fund received by them from other sources for enhancing their activity in the project area. However, parallel funding of same activity in the same project area will be accounted separately to avoid duplicity of utilization of fund. Care should be taken to check misappropriation of fund. All scheme funds should be utilized in a holistic and judicious manner.

9. Connectivity of the Project Area: Even though, IWMP is silent on the provision of connectivity to the project area, construction of road, bridges and culverts will be given priority to ease transportation of products from the project area. Connectivity will enhance works done per day per person since time for traveling to the project area from habitation will be less. Connectivity will also ensure better monitoring and supervision and implementation of works. Provision of connectivity should be done under the existing MG-NREGA or other State Schemes. An Annual Action Plan

6 formulated by Gram Sabha of each project village will give priority on this convergence approach. 10. Food Security: In many rural villages, the parents had to toil and sweats for their Children in order to give the family a food meal twice a day. Making both ends meet is as hand as a rock sometimes due to scarcity of wage employment and results in lack of purchasing power. However, in order to make availability of food more secure for the family, the project will enhance the productivity of the land, increase the income of the family and revitalize the welfare of the family so that there will be food scarcity .

11. Disaster Risk Reduction Approach: Whenever there is any developmental activities in hilly areas, landslips, erosions and road blocks raise their ugly heads causing devastating destructions, sometimes results in Landslips and hungers and also natural calamities like Drought, Wild Fire, Airborne and Waterborne diseases. This project, as far as practicable, will address to reduce the risk of disaster due to developmental works by construction of Check Dams, Retaining Walls, Flood control works and control of free flowing rain waters by way of construction of contour lines, bundings, terracing etc. to decrease the run off speed of rain water and utilize all available water in a meaning way for enhancing productivity.

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PROJECT PROFILE

Lunglei : IWMP – VIII

Name of Watershed : Lower Tuilianpui – I : 3c3c5a1b, Lower Tuilianpui – II : 3c3c5a1a, Lower Tuilianpui – III : 3c3c5a3a, Lower Tuilianpui – IV : 3c3c5a1c, Lower Tuilianpui – V : 3c3c7a1a, Lower Tuilianpui – VI : 3c3c7a1c, Lower Tuilianpui – VII : 3c3c7a1d,

Area of the project : 5000 Ha Cost of the project : 750 Lakhs (a) Central Share : 675 Lakhs (b) State Share : 75 Lakhs

Villages to be covered

(a) Tlabung (b) Silgur I Bolongsuri (d) Tiperaghat (e) Theka

DRAINAGE SYSTEM

Sl Drainage system Description No. 1 Tlawng Drainage Tlawng river originates from Zopuii hill near Sairep village in system at a height of 1480 meters and it is one of the most important rivers of Mizoram and it is the longest river in the state which measures about 102 kilometres. The river passes through five districts of the state forming district boundary lines while running along its course. The important tributaries within Lunglei district are Chawm lui, Selin lui and Thingva lui in the northern part; Arbawh lui, Saipui lui, Hmawngva lui, Chite lui and Kaikuang lui are the important ones in the middle part of the river and tuitu lui and Khawiva lui are the notable ones in the southern part of the river. 2 Chhimtuipui Drainage Chhimtuipui river originates from the western part of system Myanmar republic near Vanum village at an altitude of 2,325 m. It forms an international boundary line between India and Myanmar for a distance of 92.56. It also forms the district boundary between Saiha and districts. Chhimtuipui river is the largest river in Mizoram by volume and it drains the whole eastern part of the district and it is also navigable by small boat even from Akyap (Myanmar) upto a considerable distance within the state of Mizoram. It has many important

8 tributaries and the important ones are Tiau, TUICHANG AND Mat rivers. 3 Khawthlangtuipui The Khawthlangtuipui river originates from the western border Drainage system area between district of Mizoram and Tripura states near Sabual village of Tripura at a height of about 480 m above mean sia level. It forms an international boundary line between Mizoram (India) and for a distance of 87.72 kilometers before it enters to Lunglei district. The Khawthlangtuipui drainage represents the drainage system of the whole western part of the district. Before it enters to Bangladesh, it is joined by numerous important tributaries such as Kawrpui, Tuichawng, De, Kau and Phairuang rivers. LAND USE

Area Sl Class Description (Sq. % No Km) Build-up land is an area of human habitation, development due to non-agricultural use and that has a cover of buildings, transport and 1 Build-up land : communications, utilizes in association with water, 23.89 0.53 vegetation and vacant lands. Lunglei District includes five towns namely i.e Lunglei, , Tlabung and 160 Villages. These are lands primarily used for farming and for production of food, fiber and other commercial Agriculture Land : horticultural crops. It includes land under crops (irrigated and un-irrigated, plantations etc.) KHARIF crop land refers mainly to the wet rice cultivation areas located in the low lying plains. One 2.1 Kharif of the large wet rice cultivation area within Lunglei 8.99 0.20 2 district is found near S. Vanlaiphai village on the banks of Hnahchang Lui. This class includes areas, which is being utilized for plantation of cash crops. They include a variety of 2.2 Plantation agricultural / horticultural plantations, of which the 8.03 0.18 prominent ones are Tea, coffee, Banana, Pineapple, Tung and Citrus woodlands. This class includes natural forests, which are not disturbed by any biotic factors like shifting cultivation Forest and other human activities. The crown density of this 524.63 11.56 3.1 Dense class is very thick. Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests covers major portion of this area. The forests that have a crown cover neither too thick 3.2 Medium Dense 486.08 10.71 nor too thin are classed under this category. The forest under this category has a thin crown cover. This type of forest included forest, which were once disturbed and affected by biotic factors like shifting cultivation and human activities. These 3.3 Less Dense 733.08 16.15 forests are characterized by those lands where shifting cultivation had been practiced and then left fallow for over a year; the resultant new vegetation of which, regenerated to form new forests. 3 3.4 Bamboo Moist deciduous bamboo forests are found to be 1736.08 38.26

9 distributed throughout Lunglei district. It is mostly found in low – lying areas near streams and rivers. It constitutes the largest cover among the land use classes. Forest plantations are distributed throughout the district. Some has large coverage while most of them 3.5 Forest have area below the minimum mapable unit. The 23.29 0.51 Plantation prominent forest plantations are Teak (Tectona grandis) , Gamari (Gmelina arborea) and Pine (Pinus kesiya) It is a traditional practice of growing crops on Shifting Cultivation forested/vegetated hill slopes by slash and burn 4.1 Current Shifting 255.67 5.63 method. These are associated with mountainous/hilly Cultivation areas amidst forest cover and forest cleared areas. 4 These are areas that were under shifting cultivation, left idle for more than one year but less than three 4.2 Abandoned years thereby giving scope for the regeneration of 623.57 13.74 Shifting Cultivation the secondary vegetation especially bamboo or grasses. These lands are generally prone to generally occupy topographically high locations, excluding 5 Scrub land 83.52 1.84 hilly/mountainous terrain. They possess sparse vegetation with thin soil cover. This category comprises areas with surface water, 6 Water body either impounded in the form of ponds, lakes or 31.17 0.69 flowing as streams and rivers etc. TOTAL 4538.00 100.00

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The following figure shows percentage of inflation in various commodities.

Commodity 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010 (dec)

Rice 16.54 20.3 20.88 24.67 27 Masur Dal 42.75 56 73.75 76.28 71 Pork 102.5 122 145 150.42 160 Beef 112.5 123.75 146.25 159.58 175 Fish 112.5 114.28 131.25 142.95 145 Milk 28.87 27.62 30.63 32.73 37 Potato 12.69 12.5 14.5 22.42 24 Sugar 25 23.62 27.25 34.43 45 LPG 306.63 305.63 325 320.44 361

Sources: AH&Vety Department

Area & Production Major crops (2009-2010)

Sl Name of Crop 2009-2010 2010-2011 No Area ‘000 Ha Prodn ‘000 Area ‘000 Ha Prodn ‘000 Ha Ha Cereals: 1 Rice 47.2 46.3 40.67 46.9 2 Maize 8.31 11.14 8.81 12.7 Total of Cereals 55.51 57.44 49.48 59.6 Pulses: 1 Arthar 0.2 0.12 9.74 1.1 2 Rice Bean 0.72 0.9 0.2 0.2 3 Other Pulses 2.39 2.98 2.54 3.4 Total of Pulses 3.31 4.0 12.48 4.7 Oil Seed: 1 Sesamum 1.1 0.75 1.2 1.9 2 Soyabean 1.3 2.1 1.01 0.7 Total of Oil Seed 2.4 2.085 2.21 2.6 G. Total 61.22 64.29 64.17 66.9 Target for 2011-2012 1. Production of Rice 52.000 MT 2. Increase productivity in WRC 1.7 – 2.5 MT/Ha 3. Increase productivity in Jhum 0.92 – 1.2 MT/Ha 4. Farm Power Availability 0.25 – 0.75 KW/Ha 5. Fertilizer consumption 42.07 – 60.00 Kg/Ha 6. Seed Replacement 30% in Paddy and 40% in Other crops 7. System of Rice intesification 500-3,000 Ha

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HISTORY OF THE PROJECT VILLAGE

HISTORY OF THEKA VILLAGE Theka is a small village falling under Lunglei District which just a total household of 76 number. The total population of the village is just 315 covering 155 male and 160 female persons. The village is situated near the river called ‘Theka’. Being residing near this river the village is named after this river. As regard to Village Council jurisdiction, Theka village is administered under Silkur Village Council. Theka village do not have spring water sources. However, water is distributed by the Public Health Engineering Department where its main source of water is from Geraluksora rive which is quite sufficient even during the dry season. The main occupation of the villagers is through cultivation of rice, tumeric and livestock farming where a number of 76 household depend for their living.

BASIC INFORMATION Population

Sl.No Total Population 1 Male 155 2 Female 160 Total 315

Occupation 1 Cultivation 76 2 Government Services 3 3 Business/Micro Entrepreneur 5 4 Livestock farming 76 Total 160

Educational Status

1 Primary School 1 2 Middle School - 3 High School - 4 Higher Secondary School - Total 1

Spring/Water sources

1 Thekkalui Decrease during dry season 2 Khawthlangtuipui Perennial 3 Geraluksora Decrease during dry season

12 HISTORY OF TIPERAGHAT VILLAGE Tiperaghat is a village which falls under Lunglei District having a total household of 395 number with a total population of 1874 covering 989 male and 885 female persons. The first dwellers of the village were ‘Bru’. Therefore, the name of the village was given after this. The main occupation of the inhabitants is through farming where rice, turmeric, coconut are generally cultivated. Apart from cultivation livestock farming is practiced in their daily life. Water is distributed to the household through the Public Health Engineering Department pipes where its main source is from Modhursa river. As per the sources collected these sources is sufficient for the daily needs of the people.

BASIC INFORMATION Population

Sl.No Total Population 1 Male 989 2 Female 885 Total 1874

Occupation 1 Cultivation 382 2 Government Services 15 3 Business/Micro Entrepreneur 18 4 Livestock farming 393 Total 808

Educational Status

1 Primary School 3 2 Middle School 2 3 High School 1 4 Higher Secondary School - Total 6

Spring/Water sources

1 Thekkalui Perennial, but decease during dry season 2 Madusura Perennial, but decease during dry season 3 Bagasura Perennial, but decease during dry season 4 Dinasura Perennial, but decease during dry season 5 Kukisura Perennial, but decease during dry season

13 HISTORY OF BOLONGSURI VILLAGE Bolongsuri is a small village falling under Lunglei District having a total household of just 69 number at present. The neighbouring villages of Bolongsuri are Silgur, Tiperaghat and Tlabung. The word ‘Bolongsuri’ is a name of a river. Since the village is situated near the river, the village is given after it. In terms of Village Council jurisdiction, this village is administered under Silkur Village Council. Being situated near the river, the main source of water is from the Bolongsuri river. The main source of income of the villagers is through farming where rice, turmeric are mainly cultivated.

BASIC INFORMATION

Population

Sl.No Total Population 1 Male 146 2 Female 117 Total 263

Occupation

1 Cultivation 68 2 Government Services 2 3 Business/Micro Entrepreneur 3 4 Livestock farming 69 Total 142

Educational Status

1 Primary School 1 2 Middle School - 3 High School - 4 Higher Secondary School - Total 1

Spring/Water sources

1 Murishkhattalui Perennial, but decease during dry season 2 Bolongsurilui Perennial, but decease during dry season

14 HISTORY OF SILGUR VILLAGE Silgur is a small village under Lunglei District having a village boundary with Theka, Tiperaghat, Bolongsuri and Bangladesh. At present there are just 78 household. As regard to Village Council jurisdiction Theka and Bolongsuri villages are being administered by Silgur Village Council. The term ‘Silgur’ means a place where stones are located.

The main occupation of the villagers is though farming where rice, brinjal, potatoes, beans, lady’s finger, turmeric are populary cultivated. As regard to water sources, the village depend on ‘Theka lui’. Being situated near the river the problem of water scarcity is not felt here. Being a small village only two schools have been established including one Primary School and one Middle School till date.

BASIC INFORMATION Population

Sl.No Total Population 1 Male 168 2 Female 167 Total 335

Occupation

1 Cultivation 69 2 Government Services 7 3 Business/Micro Entrepreneur 2 4 Livestock farming 76 Total 154

Educational Status

1 Primary School 1 2 Middle School 1 3 High School - 4 Higher Secondary School - Total 2

Spring/Water sources

1 Thekkalui Perennial, but decease during dry season 2 Kawrpuilui Perennial, but decease during dry season 3 Bolongsuri Perennial, but decease during dry season

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HISTORY OF TLABUNG VILLAGE Tlabung is a village inhabited by many tribes, but the present villagecalled Tlabung Zodin is mainly occupied by the Mizo’s. At present during the survey there are a number of 506 household. Tlabung Zodin have a village boundary with Chawilung and Diplubak. The distance of the village from its main city Aizawl is 265 km. Water is collected mainly from ‘Zohmun’ which does not suffice the villagers need during the dry season. Spring water sources is also found at Thelret tui, Sakuh tui, School IV tui and Vety tuikhur. Here in the village the Government have established various departments including Agriculture, Public Works Department, PHE, Horticulture, Supply, Soil and Water Conservation and Power & Electricity. Development in the field of education could be seen where two Primary Schools, one Middle School and one High School have been established. Being inhabited by different tribes the villagers of Tlabung have varieties of living where there are business men, some families depend on farming where rice is populary cultivated. Being located near the Bangladesh border this village is one of the trading centre. Spring sources of water is found at Len tuikhur, Thangsailova tui, Hrangthuama tui and Pu Sapa tuikhur. Among these sources Hrangthuama tuikhur is dried up during the dry season. So far as education is concerned the effort and support of the village leaders and the Government could be seen where three number of Primary School, two number of Middle Schools, one High School and one Higher Secondary School have been established till date.

BASIC INFORMATION Population Sl.No Total Population 1 Male 2732 2 Female 2731 Total 5463 Occupation 1 Cultivation 437 2 Government Services 218 3 Business/Micro Entrepreneur 115 4 Livestock farming 721 Total 1491

Educational Status 1 Primary School 5 2 Middle School 3 3 High School 2 4 Higher Secondary School 1 Total 7 Spring/Water sources 1 Pawlhtawnlui Perennial, but decease during dry season 2 Phivawklui Perennial, but decease during dry season 3 Lailenadawrlui Perennial, but decease during dry season 4 Khawthlangtuipui Perennial, but decease during dry season

16 PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL (PRA)

The past experience of watershed has given tremendous input to focus on creating accountability of the stakeholders towards the programme. This has created an emphasis to include all the stakeholder communities and their local and indigenous Technological Knowledge (ITK) while planning for any activity. Participatory approach provides a new path for planning, implementing, monitoring and post- withdrawal activities with a complete accountability of the stakeholders. Various PRA techniques like resource mapping, social mapping, and season calendars were used to understand the physical and social orientation of the village in general and watershed in specific. These tools put the villagers in ease than the complicated questionnaires. Various tools like Matrix ranking, Venn diagram were used to identify various local vegetations (apt for afforestation), Fodders crops, various institutions and their significance in the life of the farmers.

FINDINGS: The PRA exercise done in the project area revealed that the villages even after lengthy lecture and deliberate discussion could not make the difference between what they want and what they need. In each village the people thought that they need- a) Community hall with Badminton Court. b) Playground with a minimum size of 120m x 70m which is medium standard football ground. c) Internal roads and steps. d) Market or waiting sheds. e) Office building for various NGOs i.e., YMA, MHIP and MUP. f) Construction of roads under MG-NREGA to connect their jhum land.

In view of the above points, none of the above items except Sl /No. (d) and (f) could not alleviate poverty nor lighten the burden of loads they carry from their jhum land. Therefore, what seem to be their needs are actually what they want to have.

Then, in the second exercise of the PRA, the need of the people was revealed, what they want becomes negligible since their wants could not fulfill the needs of the rural populace. Therefore, the following points came up which will be addressed with various R.D. Programme. a) Water and moisture conservation for domestic and irrigation purposes. b) Land development for horticulture, agriculture and pisciculture. c) Afforestation and regeneration of village community land. d) Construction of link road to each potential area to ease transportation. e) Construction of storage facility and market infrastructure. f) Training and capacity building for rural artisans and their sponsorship to various institutions for up-gradation of skills.

17 PROBLEM TYPOLOGY

1 2 3 4 S. Proposed interventions to over come Problem area Problem analysis No problems

Soil lost is immense due to direct Soil and moisture conservation will be Soil Conservation rain drop resulting in soil erosion, done by way of construction of farm ponds, (slope, erosion, destruction of vegetative barrier, dug-out ponds, terracing, bench terracing, 1 soil loss, rainfall, decreased rainfall. Top soil loss half moon terrace, contour trenching and productivity , etc) decreases fertility of the land planting trees, shifting cultivation will be resulting in less productivity. controlled.

Decrease in vegetative barrier In order to utilize every drop of water in a Water resulted in high run off speed of meaningful way, all the streams in the conservation rain water and less chance of project area will be tapped to irrigate farm (water budget, recharging water table. Direct sun land. Rain water will be harvested in farm 2 Ground water light also decreases the moisture ponds, dug-out ponds and water norms, content of the soil. Once perennial harvesting structures to recharge the productivity) streams become ephemeral. ground water content. Check dams will be constructed in various places to make ephemeral streams into perennial streams.

Practice of shifting cultivation Permanent farming will be introduced in Crop coverage – { destroyed crops and vegetative the project area by three tier system. 80% of w/s area coverage; Sporadic wild fire also Canopy areas will be treated to regenerate 3 should be with destroyed a vast portion of land forest, in the second tier horticulture will be canopy} every year. Abandoned jhum land introduced; the third tier will be covered increases resulting in less with WRC and Terrace for Agriculture vegetative coverage activity.

Due to Loss of top soil, the The productivity will be enhanced by way productivity of land decreases of multiple cropping. Permanent crops will tremendously, the productivity of be introduced in slope areas, during the land in case of paddy is only 600 gestation period seasonal and annual Kg per acre, which is almost 50% crops will be sown which will doubled the Agriculture less than 10-15 years ago. The income of the farmer. Organic manures will productivity (crop 4 crop wise district average for major be used for enhancing the production as wise compare with crops is as below:- well as ensuring quality. Drip-irrigation will dist. Average) S.No Project Area Dist be provided to each farmer for irrigating Average crops. WRC areas will be provided with (a) Paddy–600 Kg/Ac 750 Kg/Ac open or pipe irrigation to enhance (b) Maize-800 950 Kg/Ac productivity and enable farmer to sow more Kg/Ac than once in their area. I Banana–700 1000 Kg/Ac Kg/Ac

Lack of grazing ground for milch Developing the existing pasture land with Livestock animals, draught animals and proper management and technical inputs 5 productivity small ruminants. Lack of technical for livestock farming. Training at various know how of animal management, identified institute to ensure growth and remoteness of the project area productivity. Developing infrastructures for

18 and lack of financial support and production and marketing with logistic infrastructure. support.

No employment opportunities in Organizing the people to form SHG’s and the project area to earn a living imparting training at various identified Existing Livelihood except in jhum lands where institutes, Door-step training at local area 6 activities for Asset weeding is required. Lack of for Old-aged and handicapped persons. less persons creativeness, training and financial Developing infrastructures for production support for such persons. and marketing, provision of logistic support to the groups. The existing CBO’s i.e. YMA, Training for CBO’s/ VO’s in order to enable Community Based MHIP and MUP are not aware of them to facilitate the newly formed SHG’s Organisation & the importance of SHG’s and and federation for their growth and impart 7 Social capital Federations and lack creativity sense of ownership. base and innovative mind.

Capacity Building There is no proper capacity Capacity building will be held at regular (participation, building and awareness campaign. intervals. In order to ensure mass- 8 awareness of participation, the time and venue should watershed be notified in advance to all concerned. community Due to the implementation of In order to change the existing work- various employment generation culture, comprehensive plan should be schemes, the people are used to worked out to ensure better profits from earning their livelihood easily works done by each individual. Ensure Work Culture of 9 without much toil and sweat. They market for each produce and induce the Labour force became irresponsible and forget spirit of ownership of every work done. the Mizo work culture where every Every one should be made to deliver family is self-sufficient. considerable effort for his and his family’s self-sufficiency without external support. During the implementation of The Village Council in consultation with NLUP and MIP in Mizoram, Revenue Department, Government of community land available for Mizoram should declared the allotment of jhuming was distributed to every land to those allotees null and void, and re- Land ownership 10 family at the rate of 4 Acres. Even distribute the land to deserving families Pattern after the dis-continuance of the who are willing to take up the activities programmes, the allotee usually under IWMP. claimed their land allotted to them even if they could not look after it. Due to lack of foresight, the village Village Authorities will be made conscious authorities could not formulate of the importance of connectivity to the plans to connect every potential potential project areas. They will make Connectivity of area with roads to ease fund available for construction of road Watershed Area transportation of produces connectivity under every available 11 and Potential resulting in heavy burden for schemes. This will ease transportation of Areas farmers and cultivators. produces, reduce the cost of transportation and market price of the produce, it will also decrease time taken for the produces to reach markets. Even though the produces of the Produces will be quantified at least three- locality is of small quantity, it folded in each item to enable the farmers Marketing of 12 became too much for local to sell outside the locality. Transportation produces consumption, but too little for arrangement will be made at watershed outside market. committee level to ensure that those

19 produces reach the market within 24 hours.

Due to lack of storage facilities for Cold storage facilities will be applied in the storing Horticulture products in concerned Department under the Storage of local area, the products became where every 13 produces. rotten in a short span of time, then beneficiary will deposit their produces farmers and cultivators not only before sending them to the market. losses but are also demoralized. Bank officials will be made to participate Due to lack of Banking more in the implementation of the project infrastructure in remote villages, where they could fetch a good return. The credit linkage and banking dormancy of service area of each banks 14 Credit Linkage assistance are out of reach for the will be made to revive, in return, the rural populace. loanees will be made to recover their loans in regular intervals so that the bank, the loanees and SHG will be more profitable. Recent establishment of R-SETI at There are only a few training Zemabawk, KVK Hnahthial and Farmers facilities and institutions for the Training Centre at Selesih will help rural artisans, even though the upgrade the rural artisans, farmers and existing ones are almost out of micro entrepreneurs. Sponsorship will be Lack of Training reach for them due to lack of done from training and capacity building Infrastructure and sponsorship and financial support fund of the project. Whenever possible, 15 Institutional for upgradation of skills. private trainers will be engaged to impart in Support and – house/Door Step training to old aged Sponsorship pensioner, widows and handicapped persons. Up-gradation of skill will enable the produces of rural artisans to compete in the open markets.

Focus will be set to those areas selected Due to Bamboo flowering in 2007, under the project to control wild fire, 2008 &2009, vast bamboo forest controlled burning and watch of wild fire was covered with dried bamboos. 16 Sparodic wild fire will be introduced. Comprehensive Plan Some miscreants used to set fire will be evolved at Village Level to create causing destruction of new young awareness. Village Level Authority will be plants coming up. encouraged to punish and fine those who caused such wild fire. 17 Time Due to lack of efficient time The PIA will be advised to opened a Site Management management, Valuable time have Office within his IWMP Project Area for been thrown away which could be better co-ordination with the Watershed utilized in an efficient manner if Committees, User Group, Self-Help management have been properly Groups, and the beneficiaries. All arranged programmes of training, awareness, capacity buildings and field visits will be notified in advance so that there will be no lapsed in the part of the PIA nor the end users.

20

PROJECT INTERVENTION PLAN

Tlabung Silgur Bolongsuri Tiperaghat Thekka TOTAL Sl. Allocatio Physical Allocatio Allocatio Allocatio Name of works % Physical in Physical in Allocation Physical Allocation Physical Physical NO n in in n in n in n in No.& Ha No.& Ha in rupees in No.& Ha in rupees in No.& Ha in No.& Ha rupees No.& Ha rupees rupees rupees Preparation of 1 1 1 377850 1 77850 1 93600 1 77850 1 122850 1 750000 DPR Entry Point 2 4 3 1511400 1 311400 1 374400 1 311400 1 491400 7 3000000 Activities Institution & 3 5 NA 1889250 NA 389250 NA 468000 NA 389250 NA 614250 NA 3750000 Capacity Building Productivity 4 10 336 3778500 69 778500 83 936000 69 778500 109 1228500 666 7500000 Enhancement Livelihood for 5 9 303 3400650 62 700650 75 842400 62 700650 98 1105650 600 6750000 Asset less Natural 6 Resources 56 1880 21159600 388 4359600 466 5241600 388 4359600 612 6879600 3734 42000000 Management Monitoring & 7 2 NA 755700 NA 155700 NA 187200 NA 155700 NA 245700 NA 1500000 Evaluation Consolidation 8 3 NA 1133550 NA 233550 NA 286800 NA 233550 NA 368550 NA 2250000 Phase 9 Administration 10 NA 3778500 NA 778500 NA 936000 NA 778500 NA 1228500 NA 7500000 TOTAL OF SL.NO (4,5& 6, PHYSICAL) 2519 37785000 519 7785000 624 9360000 519 7785000 819 12285000 5000 75000000 FINANCIAL OVERALL

21

DPR PLAN ABSTRACT Rs in lakh Installment 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year TOTAL Component Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin

DPR (1%) 7.5 7.5 EPA (4%) 30 30 Institution & Capacity 8 3.75 38 18.75 14 6.9375 9 4.3125 8 3.75 75 Building (5%) 37.5

Production System & Micro 33 7.5 100 22.5 100 22.5 100 22.5 333 Enterprise (10%) 75

Livelihood (9%) 30 7.5 90 22.5 90 22.5 60 15 270 67.5

Natural Resource 500 56.25 1012 113.8125 1012 113.8125 1210 136.1250 3733 Management (56%) 420

Monitoring (1%) LS 1.5 LS 1.5 LS 1.5 LS 3 7.5

Evaluation (1%) LS 2.25 LS LS 2.625 LS 2.625 7.5

Consolidation Phase (3%) 22.5 22.5

Administration (10%) LS 3.75 LS 11.25 LS 20.25 LS 20.25 LS 19.5 75

TOTAL 8 45 601 105 1216 187.5 1210 187.5 1378 225 750

22 PREPARATORY PHASE

LUNGLEI DISTRICT : MIZORAM NAME OF THE PROJECT : LUNGLEI-VIII

Amount Estimated Name of Expenditure Expected Actual earmarked EPA Planned Dimension Cost Balance Village incurred outcome Outcome for EPA (in Rs.) Constn of Water Harvesting Tank at 711400 6x6x3 m3 711400 711400 Nil 1 1 Zodin Constn of Water Harvesting Tank near 400000 3x3x3 m3 400000 400000 Nil 1 1 Tlabung Police Station Constn of Water Harvesting Tank near 400000 3x3x3 m3 400000 400000 Nil 1 1 Hr.Sec. School. Constn of Water Harvesting Tank at 311400 3x3x3 m3 311400 311400 Nil 1 1 Silgur Silgur Bolongsuri 374400 Constn. Of RainShelter at Bolongsuri 4.50x4.50x3 m3 374400 374400 Nil 1 1

Tiperaghat 311400 Constn. Of Marketshed. 4.50x4.50x3 m3 311400 311400 Nil 1 1 Constn of Boat Waitingshed at 491400 10x3 m2 491400 491400 Nil 1 1 Theka Thekkaduar. Total 3000000 3000000 3000000 7 7

23

Work Plan Details

Total Funds Allocated for Watershed work Phase (75%) : Total Area to be treated : 5000 Ha/Unit

Sl No. Watershed Development works (56%) 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year Total

(a) Afforestation 49 5.344 99 10.812 104 11.381 124 13.61 376 42 (b) Horticulture 49 5.344 99 10.812 104 11.381 124 13.61 376 42

(c) Land Development/WRC 49 5.344 99 10.812 104 11.381 124 13.61 376 42 (d) Soil & Moisture Conservation 23 2.531 47 5.1216 52 5.6906 62 6.806 184 21 (e) Others 14 1.519 21 2.2763 52 5.6906 62 6.806 149 21 Sub Total (a) 183 20.08 364 39.834 416 45.525 497 54.45 1460 168 i.Bench terracing 38 4.106 99 10.812 104 11.381 124 13.61 364 42 1 ii. Contour & Graded Bunds 23 2.531 47 5.1216 52 5.6906 62 6.806 184 21 iii. Earthen checks 10 1.125 21 2.2763 21 2.2763 25 2.723 77 8.4 iv. Gully Plugs/Loose boulders,. Etc. 10 1.125 24 2.6177 31 3.4144 37 4.084 103 12.6 Sub Total (b) 81 8.888 190 20.828 208 22.763 249 27.23 728 84 (g) Water Harvest Structure i. Farm Pond/ Percolation tank 67 7.313 130 14.227 156 17.072 186 20.42 539 63 ii.Rain Water Harvest Structure 26 2.813 47 5.1216 52 5.6906 62 6.806 187 21 iii.Community Water Tank 64 7.031 135 14.796 156 17.072 186 20.42 542 63 iv.Others/Gravitational Pipeline 26 2.813 35 3.8696 52 5.6906 62 6.806 175 21 Sub Total (c) 182 19.97 347 38.013 416 45.525 497 54.45 1443 168 Sub Total (a+b+c) 447 48.94 901 98.675 1039 113.81 1243 136.1 3631 420

24

Livelihood Activities for Assetless (9%)

2 No. of Beneficiaries on farm activities 6 1.5 18 4.5 18 4.5 12 3 54 13.5 No. of Beneficiaries on off-farm activities 24 6 72 18 72 18 48 12 216 54 Sub Total (d) 30 7.5 90 22.5 90 22.5 60 15 270 67.5

Production System & Micro Enterprise (10%)

Area/ Beneficiaries on Farm activities

i. Sericulture 0.375 5 1.125 5 1.125 5 1.125 15 3.75 ii. Fisheries 3 0.375 5 1.125 5 1.125 5 1.125 15 3.75 iii. Beekeeping 0.375 5 1.125 5 1.125 5 1.125 15 3.75

iv. Micro-enterprise 10 2.25 31 6.75 31 6.75 31 6.75 103 22.5 v. Poultry 7 1.5 21 4.5 21 4.5 21 4.5 68 15 vi. Piggery 7 1.5 21 4.5 21 4.5 21 4.5 68 15 vii. Others 5 1.125 15 3.375 15 3.375 15 3.375 51 11.25 Sub Total (e) 29 7.5 103 22.5 103 22.5 103 22.5 337 75 Grant Total (a+b+c+d+e) 506 63.938 1094 143.68 1232 158.81 1406 173.63 4238 562.5

*The share of each project will be at the ratio of: Tlabung 50.38, Silgur 10.38, Bolongsuri 12.48, Tiperaghat 10.38, Thekka 16.38

25

CONSOLIDATION & WITHDRAWAL PHASE LUNGLEI DISTRICT: MIZORAM

NAME OF THE PROJECT : Lunglei - VIII : COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES TARGET ACHIEVEMENT Target Estimated Area Mandas Actual no Name of Activity Area under WDF Treated Estimate Expected no of Expenditure of WDF Village Proposed the Contribu- under Expenditure Beneficiaries incurred Benefic- TOTAL WOMEN Collected activities tion the iaries Ha activity

After completion of the Project, all the common properties within the project area under Watershed Management Works i.e. Gravity pipeline, Open – Irrigation Channel, Water Harvesting Structures should be entered in this table during consolidation phase. Contribution toward Watershed Development Fund which is 5% of the expenditure incurred in that particular area should be collected from the beneficiaries. MIS-TABLE-M(PA) C1

This fund will be utilized for maintenance, repair, renovation of the Assets (CPR) created under the project fund after exit protocol. This MIS-table is an Assets Register of the project; therefore, entry should be correct in all respects.

26 CAPACITY BUILDING INSITTUTIONS IDENTIFIED FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF IWMP IN LUNGLEI DISTRICT: MIZORAM

Sl.No Name of Institution Type Specialization 1 State Institute of Rural Development State Government Rural Development & Watershed Management Mizoram 2 Extension Training Centre Thingsulthliah, Mizoram State Government Rural Development & Watershed Management 3 Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) Hnahthial, Mizoram Central Government Home Science, Animal Husbandry , Agriculture and allied subjects 4 Indian Council for Agricultural Research (ICAR) Central Government Agriculture, Horticulture and allied subjects Kolasib, Mizoram 5 Rural – Self Employment Training Institute (RSETI) Central Government Carpentry, Handloom, Knitting, Embroidery, Handicraft, Zemabawk, Mizoarm Shoe repair etc. 6 Industrial Training Institute (ITI), Lunglei. State Government Motor Mechanic, Electrician, Computer Science, Handloom & Handicraft 7 Farmers Training Center, Selesih, Mizoam State Government Livestock farming & Management 8 Weaving Centre, Lunglawn. State Government Weaving & Handloom

27 INSTITUTION AND CAPACITY BUILDING PLAN

NAME OF THE PROJECT : LUNGLEI – VIII

Name of Institution & Activities identified Fish Farmers Training Targeted Financial Centre Lengpui, KVK R-SETI Zemabawk & ITI Year Sl.N Target Group Beneficiar Target in DWCDC Lunglei & SIRD Kolasib, ETC Pukpui Hnahthial & Farmer Lunglei, Weaving Centre ies lakhs SLNA Mizoram Training Centre Luangmual. Selesih 1 PIA & WDT 5 0.5 Concept of IWMP 2 Watershed Committee 100 1.0 Concept of IWMP 3 SHG & UG 320 1.0 Concept of IWMP Mobilization of I Resources 4 Beneficiaries 1513 2.5 Concept of IWMP Management & Convergence 5 PIA, WDT & WC 105 1.0 Concept of IWMP

Skill upgradation & 1 Rural Artisans 43 0.5 Formation of SHG Management of products Skill upgradation and 2 Livestock Farmers 210 2.1 Formation of SHG Animal Husbandry II Gardening & Crop Multiple Cropping & 3 1320 2.4 Formation of SHG Production Crop Husbandry Micro Entrepreneurs & Marketing, Skill upgradation 4 81 1.0 Formation of SHG Petty Trade & Skill development 5 Watershed Committee 100 1.0 Formulation of0.5 Action Plan Formation of SHG

Credit Linkage Resources Skill upgradation & 1 Rural Artisans 38 0.5 Formation of UG Mobilization Management of products Credit Linkage Resources Skill upgradation and 2 Livestock Farmers 180 1.8 Formation of UG Mobilization Animal Husbandry Gardening & Crop Credit Linkage Resources Multiple Cropping & III 3 1200 2.7 Formation of UG Production Mobilization Crop Husbandry Credit Linkage Resources Marketing, Skill upgradation 4 Micro Entrepreneurs 32 1.0 Formation of UG Mobilization & Skill development Credit Linkage Resources 5 Petty Trade 30 1.0 Formation of UG Mobilization

28

Credit Linkage Resources Skill upgradation & 1 Rural Artisans 27 1.0 Federation Mobilization Management of products Credit Linkage Resources Federation Skill upgradation and 2 Livestock Farmers 150 2.0 Mobilization Animal Husbandry Gardening & Crop Credit Linkage Resources Federation Multiple Cropping & IV 3 800 3.5 Production Mobilization Crop Husbandry Credit Linkage Resources Federation Marketing, Skill upgradation 4 Micro Entrepreneurs 25 0.5 Mobilization & Skill development Credit Linkage Resources Federation 5 Petty Trade 21 0.5 Mobilization

Credit Linkage Resources Skill upgradation & 1 Rural Artisans 14 0.5 Mobilization Management of products Credit Linkage Resources Skill upgradation and 2 Livestock Farmers 42 1.0 Mobilization Animal Husbandry Gardening & Crop Credit Linkage Resources Multiple Cropping & 3 750 4.8 Production Mobilization Crop Husbandry V Credit Linkage Resources Marketing, Skill upgradation 4 Micro Entrepreneurs 20 0.5 Mobilization & Skill development Credit Linkage Resources 5 Petty Trade 0.2 9 Mobilization Exit Protocol, PIA & Watershed 6 0.5 Consolidation of Project Withdrawal Committee 105 Mechanism TOTAL 37.5

* The PIA of the Project and Watershed Committee concerned will sponsored trainees to KVK, FTC, R-SETI and ITI Lunglei as per the rate prescribe by the institution

* PIA & WC are advised to arrange training at their locality for handicapped, old aged, widows etc by engaging trainers.

29

BASIC PROFILE OF THE LOCATION

Location of the watershed

Name of the district Lunglei Name of the Mandal/Block Lungsen RD Block

Name of the Gram Tlabung, Silgur, Bolongsuri, Name of the habitations Tlabung, Silgur, Bolongsuri, Tiperaghat, Theka Panchayat (s) Tiperaghat, Theka

Longitudes 92°27’05” – 92°30’34”E Latitude 22°49’25” – 22°54’19”N

Elevation from MSL:

Highest elevation in the 560 Lowest elevation 105 Relief/ Height difference (mt) 455 watershed (above MSL) in the watershed (above MSL)

30 Watershed Maps

31 32 33 34 INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS AND AGREEMENTS

District Level: At the district level, District Watershed Cell & Data Center (DWCDC) headed by a Project Manager has been constituted by the SLNA which will function as per the guidelines issued by Government of India. The Project Manager will be assisted by 3 to 4 Subject Matter Specialists of different discipline like agriculture, water management social Mobilization, preparation of DPR for implementation of watershed management programme in districts treatable area of more than 25,000 ha on the basis of district perspective and strategic plan prepared by DWCDC.

Project Level: At the project level, the PIA is responsible for implementation of IWMP with the help of WDT members of different disciplines. The PIA will be selected by the DWCDC and will be approved by the SNLA on the basis of criteria laid down in the guidelines.

Micro Watershed Level: At the Micro Watershed level, respective Watershed Committees are to be constituted by Gram Sabhas/traditional village councils. The Watershed Committees are directly responsible for implementation of various schemes as per DPR the Micro Watershed with technical guidance of WDT members. The Watershed Committee will take the help of SHGs of the respective Micro-Watershed while implementing the earmarked schemes.

35 SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE PIA

Strength: (1) Dedicated and experienced staff and a multidisciplinary team (2) Independent and well versed with the programmes. (3) Strong linkages with district and local level institutions (4) Scientific planning in watershed projects with the help of MIRSAC, Aizawl (5) Block level monitoring, coordination & Co-operation Committee

Weakness: (1) No permanent office building within the project area. (2) Project area is located about 3-6 hrs drive from his headquarter. (3) Over burdened with other schemes like, MGNREGA, IAY, SGSY, BADP and Election matters. (4) No experience in Watershed Management.

Opportunities: (1) A number of different other development schemes of the government are running; so, there can be horizontal integration and convergence of programmes (2) Better financial provision under IWMP (3) Usage of new ICT tools like GIS, GPS and MIS

Threats: (1) Rainfall is difficult to predict and unreliable in the project area, the activities planned to be taken up may yield limited impact (2) Irregularities in fund flow can derail the smooth functioning (3) Lack of contribution and cooperation from local people (4) Political intervention may hamper the progress.

36 PIA & WATERSHED COMMITTEE DETAILS, LUNGLEI - VIII

Name BDO Address Lungsen. WDT Members: 1 B.Lalthakima 2 C.Lalruatsanga 3 C.Lalramdinsanga 4 C.Laltlanthanga

WATERSHED COMMITTEES PROVISIONAL

WATERSHED COMMITTE : Tlabung

SL.No Representatives Designation 1 President Village Council 2 Members Village Council 3 President YMA 4 President MHIP 5 President MUP

WATERSHED COMMITTE: Silgur SL.No Representatives Designation 1 President Village Council 2 Members Village Council 3 President YCA 4 President Farmers’ Representatives 5 Member Farmers’ Representatives

WATERSHED COMMITTE : Bolongsuri SL.No Representatives Designation 1 President Village Council 2 Members Village Council 3 President YCA 4 President Farmers’ Representatives 5 Member Farmers’ Representatives

37

WATERSHED COMMITTE: Tiperaghat SL.No Representatives Designation 1 President Village Council 2 Members Village Council 3 President YCA 4 President Farmers’ Representatives 5 Member Farmers’ Representatives

WATERSHED COMMITTE : Theka SL.No Representatives Designation 1 President Village Council 2 Members Village Council 3 President YCA 4 President Farmers’ Representatives 5 Member Farmers’ Representatives

38 CONVERGENCE PLAN OF IWMP WITH OTHER SCHEMES

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Funds to be made Was this fund Level at which Names of Departments Sl Name of the available to IWMP included in Rs. Name of activity/ task/ structure to be undertaken with decision for with Schemes No Village due to convergence 15,000 per ha converged funds convergence converging with IWMP (Rs. In lakh) Yes No was taken$

Fund will be ear MG-NREGA marked for this Connectivity to Potential Area purpose during No V/C

formulation of AAP Tlabung, under MG-NREGA. SHG under SGSY Existing activity will be enhanced with the project fund, Block/Village SGSY/NRLM and MKSP will be identified, No SGSY , NRLM and MKSP Fund. level under IWMP Silgur,

1. Since, the objective of NLUP and IWMP are the 1 same, convergence of the two programmes relating to financial assistance will be as follows:

Bolongsuri, (a) The Unit Cost or assistance per beneficiary under NLUP will be Rs.1,00,000 approximately.

(b) Unit Cost or assistance per beneficiary under Tiperaghat, IWMP is Rs.10950.

(c) Beneficiary under IWMP who received one WDF & User unit of assistance i.e. Rs.10950 will be charges, Collection Theka NLUP No assisted with Rs.89050 under NLUP, and NLUP Centre. Selection of those who received two unit cost of Rs.21900 Implementing Crops. under IWMP will get 78100 from NLUP. If the Board & SLNA beneficiaries under IWMP receive three or more unit cost, the assistance under NLUP will decreases gradually.

(d) The quantum of assistance to be received from the two programmes shall not exceed Rs.100000/- per beneficiary.

2. Beneficiaries of NLUP having land in the selected

39 watershed area will be allowed to enjoy the

facilities provided under IWMP only if the same is

not provided under NLUP. However, to enjoy this

provision, necessary contribution as WDF and user

charges should be contributed by NLUP Watershed beneficiaries. Committee 3. Provisions provided under NLUP such as collection level & Village Level centres of local produces, etc. will be share by beneficiaries under IWMP if the local NLUP Committee agreed to. 4. As far as practicable, the beneficiaries under IWMP will be encouraged to select crops introduced under NLUP to ensure one crop-one village theme.

40

EXPECTED OUTCOMES

Expected Outcomes

Till today, agriculture in Mizoram has been characterized mainly by Jhuming cultivation, unproductive methods of farming, degradation of land due to slash- and-burn practices and wasteful use of land and water. In short, it can be said that agricultural production in the state of Mizoram is very low due to improper management of land and water received by it. With proper training and sensitization efforts under IWMP, it is expected that the community will slowly but surely be persuaded to adopt permanent farming as a viable, sustainable and more profitable alternative to the shifting method of farming. Further, with the implementation of the programme, a significant amount of the run-off rain water will be harvested and utilized to irrigate cultivated land during the dry season and more areas will be brought under multiple cropping to optimize the usage of cultivable land. Although it may be presumptuous to predict a definite figure of growth in production, it is expected that an average increase of up to 10% in agricultural production will be possible if the watershed projects are successfully implemented.

The major outcomes expected are –

i) More natural sources of water lying untapped will be exploited and harnessed for drinking purposes. Also a number of traditional water bodies which are lying in a state of disrepair will be repaired and revived for use by the community.

ii) Rain water which normally runs off during the monsoons will be harvested in reservoirs and used for irrigation during part of the dry season.

iii) Underutilized, unutilized and ill-utilized natural resources will be efficiently utilized for need based production system to enhance productivity and prosperity in rain fed areas. Over 56% of activities in IWMP will be related to improvement of soil conservation measures, rain water harvesting programmes for all round livelihood improvement of these project areas and identifying the potential areas during the participatory rural appraisal exercise.

iv) 100% involvement of Gram Panchayats will be a direct and immediate outcome, which, in turn, is expected to translate into a larger community 41 participation in watershed management projects, as well as the creation and maintenance of community assets.

v) Cultivation of high value horticultural crops, such as mushrooms, bird eye chilies, turmeric, ginger, broccoli, etc will be encouraged so as to improve the livelihood of farmers of the project areas.

vi) Increase in the production of floricultural plants such as anthurium, roses, lilium and chrysanthemum which have been explored at an experimental level and found to have tremendous commercial potential in the state.

vii) Revival of existing SHGs formed under SGSY and increasing their income potential under the programme will be thrust area within the project areas.

viii) Professionalisation of skills through capacity building

ix) Rejuvenation of forests and improvement of ecological balance.

x) Reduction in rural-urban migration as a result of permanent farming in rural areas.

xi) Better marketing opportunities through the village haats set up under SGSY.

Overall, these efforts will result in enhancing growth, farm income. Generated employment avenues and reduced poverty of the rural poor and improved productivity of natural resources will have a cascading effect on livelihood and the state’s economy as a whole.

42 EXPECTED /ESTIMATED OUTCOMES

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sl Name of the Unit of Item Pre – project Status Expected Post-project Status Remarks NO Project measurement Depletion during dry Recharge through afforestation Status of water table Metre season and treatment under IWMP Ground water structure repaired/ - - 59 rejuvenated Impure during rainy Quality of drinking water - Pure after project intervention season Availability of drinking water Scarce Sufficient No irrigation facilities 200 Ha will be irrigated by Increase in irrigation potential Ha tapping streams Jhumming & Single Permanent farming & Change in cropping/ land use pattern cropping double/multiple cropping Area under agriculture crop i) Area under single crop Ha 5000 1700 ii) Area under double crop Ha 250 2355 LUNGLEI - 1 iii) Area under multiple crop Ha 150 1204 VIII Net increase in crop production area Ha 1000 5260 Increase in area under vegetation Ha 12800 42000 Increase in area under horticulture Ha 10412 13499 Increase in area under fuel & folder Ha 7513 7371 Increase in milk production Ltr/animal/day 1.5 – 2.5 3.5 – 4.5 No.of SHGs Nos 5 28 Increase in no. of livelihoods Families 126 440 Increase in income Per head p.a 21000 42000 Migration Persons/year 10 - SHG Federations formed No - 3 Credit linkage with Banks No - 28 Resource use agreements No - 10 WDF collection & management Rupees - 766500 Summary of lessons learnt Mass-participation in Government programmes ensured success.

43 MONITORING AND EVALUATION

Monitoring and EVALUATION (M & E)

Monitoring and evaluation are two different management tools that are closely related, interactive and mutually supportive. Monitoring and evaluation enable us to assess the quality and impact of our works against our action plan and our strategic plan.

Goals of monitoring:

1. Operational control 2. Quick feedback on project effectiveness 3. Timely alarm signals in the case of significant deviations 4. Ensuring full benefits to the target groups 5. Providing inputs for better design of development interventions, project planning and community mobilization.

Evaluation is the comparison of actual project impacts against the agreed strategic plans.

Goals of evaluation:

1. To assess the impact of the programmes and identify bottlenecks in implementation 2. To improve effectiveness of policies and programmes. At the district level, the DWCDC will have one member exclusively responsible.

For effective monitoring, the role of the SLNA is critical in ensuring the following:-

i) Internal monitoring by project teams (PIA/ DWDC) ii) Progress monitoring iii) GIS / Web based on line monitoring iv) Self monitoring by committees v) Sustainability monitoring vi) Social audits.

44

There will be a panel of evaluators approved by the SLNA. The evaluators will oversee the physical, financial and social impact of the work done. They should not act as inspectors but as facilitators. However, they will very strict in ensuring that guidelines are being followed. Fund release will depend upon on a favourable report from the evaluators.

Social audits will form an important component of the evaluation system. Social audits will be held once every six months. The minutes of the Social Audits will be compiled by the District Watershed Cell & Data Centre and necessary action will be taken by the DWC&DC and will also be forwarded to the SLNA. The SLNA will hold an assessment meeting subsequent to the submission of every such report, and decide the follow up action that is required to be taken.

45

PLAN AND ESTIMATES FOR VARIOUS ACTIVITIES

ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF LOW COST DUG OUT POND

1/ 2.03 Earthwork in excavation exclusive of compensation of earth in – b) Hard soil ½ x 2.80 x 2.80 x 2.78 = 9.73 cum 2.50 x 1.80 x 0.90 = 4.05 cum TOTAL = Rs.13.78 cum

(a) Rs.75.51/cum = Rs.1040.52

2/ 4.02 providing and laying cement concrete 1:2:4 etc

(a) All works up to foundation and plinth level

2.60 x 1.80 x 0.15 = 0.702 cum

(a) Rs.4270.23 = Rs.2997.70

3/ 6.01 half brick masonry with first class brick above and ground level etc.

(a) In cement mortar 1:3

2 x 2.50 x 1.20 = 6.00 sqm 2 x 1.80 x 1.20 = 4.32 sqm

TOTAL = 10.32 sqm

(a) Rs.567.99 / sqm = Rs.5861.65

4/ 18.09 12mm cement plaster

2 x 2.50 x 1.20 = 6.00 sqm cum 2 x 1.80 x 1.20 = 4.32 cum

1 TOTAL = 10.32 sqm

(a) Rs.129.80 = Rs.1339.53

GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11239.40 SAY = Rs.11250.00

( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only.

46 ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF PIG STY

1/ 2.08 Earthwork in excavation in foundation trenches etc. b) Hard soil

½ x 2.40 x 0.28 x 3.60 = 3.24 cum 6 x 0.30 x 0.30 x 0.90 = 0.486 cum TOTAL = 3.72 cum

(a) Rs.147.24/ cum = Rs.547.73 cum

2/ 8.02 supplying and fixing 2nd class straight jungle heart wood round posts and fix in position etc.

6 x 1.50 = 9.00 Rm

(a) Rs.199.44/ Rm = Rs.1794.96

3/ 8.04 providing 2nd class local wood work dressed in frames of sill, upright, batten, post, beams etc. as structural members fixed in position complete.

6 x 0.10 x 0.075 x 1.50 = 0.0675 cum 4 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 3.60 = 0.054 cum 6 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 2.40 = 0.054 cum 5 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 4.20 = 0.078 cum 20 x 0.050 x 0.050 x 3.60 = 0.18 cum 8 x 0.050 x 0.050 x 2.40 = 0.048 cum

TOTAL = 0.4815 cum

(a) Rs.9885.78/ cum = Rs.4760.00

4/ 14.01 providing CGS sheet roofing fixed with hooks, bolts, nut etc. e) 0.63 mm thick with zinc coating.

4.50 x 3.20 = 14.40 sqm

(a) Rs.287.91/ sqm = Rs.4145.90

GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11248.59 SAY = Rs.11250.00

( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only.

47 ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF STEEL WIRE MESH FOR CLIMBERS ie –chow chow, grape, passion fruit etc.

1/ 2.03 Earthwork in excavation in foundation trenches etc. b) Hard soil 20 x 0.30 x 0.30 x 0.75 = 2.83 cum

(a) Rs.205.02/ cum = Rs. 580.20

2/8.02 supplying and fixing 2nd class straight jungle heart wood round post and fixed in position.

20 x 1.20 = 24.00 Rm

(a) Rs.199.44/Rm = Rs.4786.56

3. Providing and fixing 4mm dia GI wire, fixed with necessary hooks, nails in position etc complete

30 x 16.00 = 480 Rm 40 x 17.50 = 700.00 Rm

TOTAL = 1180 Rm

(a) Rs.5.00/ Rm = Rs.5900.00

GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11266.76 SAY = Rs. 11250.00

( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only

48 ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF TERRACE

Length of terrace = 12.60 metres Width of terrace = 1.20 metres Nos. of terrace = 20 nos.

1/ 2.03 Earthwork in excavation exclusive of compensation of earth in- b) Hard soil

20 x ½ x1.20 x 0.985 x 12.60 = 148.932

(a) Rs.75.51/cum = Rs.11245.85

SAY = Rs.11280.00

( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred eighty ) only

49 ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF CHICKEN SHED

1/ 2.08 Earthwork in excavation in foundation trenches etc b) Hard soil 6 x 0.30 x 0.30 x 0.85 = 0.459 cum ½ x 2.40 x 0.75 x 3.60 = 3.24 cum TOTAL = 3.699 cum

(a) Rs.147.24/ cum = Rs. 544.64 cum

2/ 8.02 supplying and fixing 2nd class straight jungle heart wood round posts and fix in position etc.

6 x 1.50 = 9.00 Rm

(a) Rs.199.44/ Rm = Rs.1794.96

3/8.04 providing 2nd class local wood work dressed in frames of sill, upright, batten, post, beams etc. as structural members fixed in position complete.

6 x 0.10 x 0.075 x 1.50 = 0.0675 cum 8 x 0.050 x 0.050 x 2.40 = 0.048 cum 20 x 0.050 x 0.050 x 3.60 = 0.18 cum 4 x 0.75 x 0.050 x 3.60 = 0.054 cum 6 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 2.40 = 0.054 cum 5 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 4.20 = 0.078 cum TOTAL = 0.4815 cum

(a) Rs. 9885.78/ cum = Rs.4760.00

4/14.01 providing CGS sheet roofing fixed with hooks, bolts, nut etc e) 0.63 mm thick with zinc coating

3.20 x 4.50 = 14.40 sqm

(a) Rs.287.91/ sqm = Rs.4145.90

GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11245.13 SAY = Rs.11250.00

( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only.

50

ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF INDIVIDUAL WATER TANK

1/ 2.03 Earthwork in excavation exclusive of compensation of earth in- b) Hard soil ½ x 3.935 x 2.50 x 2.80 = 13.77 cum

(a) Rs.75.51/ cum = Rs.1039.77

2/ 4.02 providing and laying cement concrete 1:2:4 etc. a) all works up to foundation and plinth level

2.60 x 1.80 x 0.15 = 0.702 cum

(a) Rs.4270.23 = Rs.2997.70

3/6.01 half brick masonry with first class brick above and ground level etc. a) In cement mortar 1:3

2 x 2.50 x 1.20 = 6.00 sqm 2 x 1.80 x 1.20 = 4.32 sqm TOTAL = 10.32 sqm

(a) Rs.567.99/sqm = Rs.5861.65

4/ 18.09 12mm cement plaster

2 x 2.50 x 1.20 = 6.00 sqm cum 2 x 1.80 x 1.20 = 4.32 cum

1 TOTAL = 10.32 sqm

(a) Rs.129.80 = Rs.1339.53

GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11238.66 SAY = Rs.11250.00

( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only

51 DRAWING FOR VARIOUS ACTIVITIES

1. DRAWING FOR GI WIRE MESH FOR CLIMBERS

HEART WOOD POST

30 M

40 M

GI WIRE

52

2. PLAN AND DRAWING FOR PIG STY

SPACE FOR PIC HEART WOOD POST 1.20 X 1.80 2.40 m

3.60m

PLAN

GCI SHEET ROOF

0.90m

1.20 m

1.20 m

0.60 m

0.90 m

FRONT ELEVATION

53 3. PLAN AND DRAWING FOR INDIVIDUAL WATER TANK

1.80 m

BRICK WALL

1.20 m BRICK WALL

2.50 m

54 4. PLAN AND DRAWING FOR CHICKEN SHED

HEART WOOD POST

SPACE FOR CHICKEN 2.40 m

3.60 m

PLAN GCI SHEET ROOFING

1.20 m

0.90 m G.L

0.90 m

FRONT ELEVATION

55 5. DRAWING FOR LOW COST DUG-OUT POND

1.80 m

2.50 m

PLAN

G.L

BRICK WALL 1.20 m

PCC 1:2:4

ELEVATION

56 6. PLAN AND DRAWING FOR TERRACE

TERRACE 12.60 X 1.20 1.20 m

0.30

12.60 m

HILL SLOBE

TERRACE

CROSS SECTION

57 AN IDEAL MICRO-WATERSHED WORK PLAN FOR ONE CLUSTER AREA UNDER IWMP

I- TIER. RIDGE

AREA AFFORESTATION + REGERATOPM + CONTOUR SUNDS + CONSTRUCTION OF WATER BODIES – TO CHARGE WATER SOURCES

II- TIER Ephemeral HORTICULTURE Streams

CROP AREA become Perenial

SPECIFIED SPACING + WATER SUPPLY WITH CROPS IN TERRACING, HALF MOON TERRACE ETC.

III – TIER AGRICULTURE CROP AREA

AGRICULTURE CROPS, PISCICULTURE WITH REGULAR WATER SOURCES, (MULTIPLE CROPS WILL BE INTRODUCED.)

RIVER / RIVULETS

58 59

60