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Notice Concerning Copyright Restrictions NOTICE CONCERNING COPYRIGHT RESTRICTIONS This document may contain copyrighted materials. These materials have been made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, but may not be used for any commercial purpose. Users may not otherwise copy, reproduce, retransmit, distribute, publish, commercially exploit or otherwise transfer any material. The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specific conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be "used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research." If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of "fair use," that user may be liable for copyright infringement. This institution reserves the right to refuse to accept a copying order if, in its judgment, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of copyright law. GRC Transactions, Vol. 30, 2006 Ethiopian Geothermal Activities—Summary of Rehabilitation of Aluto Langano Geothermal Power Plant and Tendaho Feasibility Study Mulugeta Asaye and Merga Tassew Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation [email protected] • [email protected] Keywords gaged in evaluating responses to a tender of Tendaho to (a) Geothermal power plant, Aluto Langano, Ethiopia, East Africa, carry out the feasibility study of the Tendaho steam field and Tendaho (b) give consultancy service for the pilot power plant construc- tion at Tendaho graben. ABSTRACT History and Progress with the Rehabilitation of the Aluto Langano Geothermal Pilot Plant Since geothermal exploration began in Ethiopia in 1969, studies have shown the existence of low and high enthalpy Aluto Langano is one of the promising geothermal geothermal resources. Several potential geothermal fields have fields in Ethiopia. It is located in the lakes district for which been identified throughout the Ethiopian Rift Valley. Work to detailed geological, geo-chemical and geophysical surveys date is believed to have studied only a fraction of the ultimate were carried out in the Lake Langano area during the late potential. Beside Ethiopia’s hydro- power potential, which is estimated Aluto Langano Geothermal Power Plant 20,000-30,000 MWe the country has Energy Production from 1998 up to 2002 geothermal potential estimated at ap- 3000.00 proximately 3,000-4,000 MWe. 2900.00 2800.00 Net power In order to realize this potential, 2700.00 2600.00 GCCU Unit in 1998, Ethiopian Electric Power 2500.00 Corporation contracted the construc- 2400.00 OEC Unit 2300.00 tion of a pilot plant at the Aluto 2200.00 Langano geothermal field, which 2100.00 2000.00 encountered difficulties at an early 1900.00 1800.00 stage of operation. Presently the Ethi- 1700.00 opian Electric Power Corporation is 1600.00 1500.00 undertaking analysis and repair of 1400.00 the Aluto power plant and the steam 1300.00 1200.00 field through the hiring of a private 1100.00 1000.00 geothermal company. The main duty 900.00 of the consultant is to study the root ���������������� 800.00 700.00 causes of the problems encountered 600.00 by the plant and steam field and to 500.00 400.00 carry out repair work to put the plant 300.00 back into operation. The Consultant 200.00 100.00 shall also do confirm the availability 0.00 of up to an additional 30MW for Oct Oct Oct Oct Apr Apr Apr Apr Jun Jun Jun Jun Mar Mar Mar Mar Feb Feb Feb Feb Nov Dec July July Nov Dec Nov Dec July Nov Dec Sep Aug Sep Aug Sep Aug Sep May May May future power development. May Aug/98 Jan 2000 Jan 2001 In addition the Ethiopian Electric Jan 1999 ������ Jan 2002 Power Corporation (EEPCO) is en- Figure 1. Chart of Recent Energy Production. 649 Asaye and Tassew 1970s and early 1980s. The results of the studies indicated Project Description the existence of an underground fluid at high temperature with evidence of long time residence in zones occupied by The project consists of carrying out a feasibility study to high temperature rocks. enable EEPCO to plan, finance and install a 2-3 MW pilot In order to realize the existence of this potential, in 1998, geothermal plant at Tendaho. The objective of the pilot plant ORMAT International was contracted by the Ethiopian will be to enable EEPCO and GSE to increase the level of Electric Power Corporation for the construction of two units knowledge that exists about the Tendaho geothermal resource with gross power output of 8.5MW. However, the power plant and allow either EEPCO or a private company, in the future, to operated for a relatively short period of time before a number invest and assume responsibility for the development of a 20-30 of problems arose that severely affected the availability and MW (or larger) geothermal plant that would provide power to power output level. These problems occurred underground, the Ethiopian grid (and for possible export to Djibouti). within the surface (fluid handling) equipment, and in the To achieve the above, the project will: power plant itself. 1. Take advantage of six already-drilled wells that identified a To restore the pilot plant to normal operation, EEPCO proven geothermal resource at relatively shallow depth to has commissioned the analysis of problems and repair of generate 2-3 MW of power and enable the resource to be the units by a private geothermal consultant. Work presently monitored to assess its suitability for the eventual produc- underway includes: tion of between 20-30 MW of electric power. - The defective OEC heat exchanger tubes removed for ex- 2. Give Ethiopian agency (EEPCO, GSE, and Dubti Farm) amination to identify the root causes of the failure. personnel hands-on experience with the installation and - Reconditioning of the GCCU steam turbine is underway. operation of a small, single flash power plant. In this case the steam turbine is removed from the casing 3. Provide lower cost, cleaner geothermal power to Dubti and the failed part is analyzed for reconditioning. Farm, local towns (and the national grid) than is presently - Undertaking of chemical sampling, go-devil runs, and available from existing diesel generators. down-hole pressure and temperature measurements to 4. Further the objectives of the ARGeo program. confirm the causes of the output declines. 5. Involve a private geothermal company in an East African - Undertaking of maintenance (servicing and/ or overhaul geothermal project in relation to: of wellhead valves) 5.1 Working in collaboration with EEPCO and GSE to History and Plans for a Geothermal Pilot Plant plan and carry out the tests and analyses required for the pilot plant feasibility study. Feasibility Study at Tendaho 5.2 Preparing the final feasibility study report. The Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation and the Geo- 5.3 Supplying, installing and commissioning the pilot logical Survey of Ethiopia, in collaboration with a private plant. geothermal company, will carry out a feasibility study (FS) that will be used by EEPCO to plan and obtain financing for a 2-3 5.4 Collaborating with EEPCO and GSE to establish a MW pilot geothermal plant to be installed at Tendaho. long-term monitoring program for the resource and The pilot plant will enable EEPCO and GSE engineers maintenance / repair program for the pilot plant. and scientists to study the performance and capacity of the 5.5 Training of Ethiopian personnel in all of the above Tendaho geothermal reservoir and pave the way for environ- operations and remaining on-site until Ethiopian mentally-clean power generation on a large scale that can be personnel can operate and maintain the pilot plant connected to the grid for use within the country and for export. and geothermal resource. In addition, the plant will ensure the availability of electric 5.6 Planning for the supply, installation and commission- power for a farm and four towns in the vicinity of the drilled ing of larger geothermal power generation plants at area, three of which (Semera, Logiya, and Dubti) are already Tendaho in the future for connection to the national connected by an existing mini-grid and are being served by grid. expensive, polluting diesel gensets. The Tendaho pilot project will make use of geothermal Background wells that have already been drilled and partially tested. GSE studies indicate proven reserves from this site of 10 MW with a Ethiopia is endowed with the largest geothermal resource probable capacity of 30 MW. Estimates of possible site capacity base in Africa. Resource quality is generally good, field pro- are as high as 1,000 MW. ductivity has the potential for being high and the cost of power The FS will provide a management plan including coor- generated should be relatively low. The high enthalpy resource dination, communications, feasibility study team meetings, areas are found well distributed along about 600 kms of the communications with the Ethiopia Government, potential longitudinal spread of the rift system providing a wide choice funding sources, potential equipment suppliers and others, for the strategic location of sites for development. Given its and strategic planning for expansion of power generation from resource endowment, Ethiopia could generate more than 1,000 the Tendaho resource. MW of geothermal-based electricity during the coming two to 650 Asaye and Tassew three decades which would complement energy supply from year, which requires the use of significant amounts of electricity hydro-power plants and improve the generation mix for both for refrigeration and air conditioning. Irrigation and drainage internal consumption and export. pumps also use considerable diesel fuel that could be replaced Presently, in the Interconnected System (ICS), there is 672 by geothermal-based electricity.
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