DOCSLIB.ORG

Funding Health Care: Options for Europe

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Funding Health Care: Options for Europe N:\EC\COM\HDS\IDP\DOCSTORE\DOCSTORE\Docs for PDF filing\Obs\Funding health care.doc Funding health care: options for Europe European Observatory on Health Care Systems Series Series Editors Josep Figueras is Head of the Secretariat and Research Director of the European Observa- tory on Health Care Systems and Head of the European Centre for Health Policy, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Martin McKee is Research Director of the European Observatory on Health Care Systems and Professor of European Public Health at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine as well as a co-director of the School’s European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition. Elias Mossialos is Research Director of the European Observatory on Health Care Systems and Brian Abel-Smith Reader in Health Policy, Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science and Co-Director of LSE Health and Social Care. Richard B. Saltman is Research Director of the European Observatory on Health Care Systems and Professor of Health Policy and Management at the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia The series The volumes in this series focus on key issues for health policy-making in Europe. Each study explores the conceptual background, outcomes and lessons learned about the dev- elopment of more equitable, more efficient and more effective health systems in Europe. With this focus, the series seeks to contribute to the evolution of a more evidence-based approach to policy formulation in the health sector. These studies will be important to all HHthose involved in formulating or evaluating national health care policies and, in particular, will be of use to health policy-makers and advisers, who are under increasing pressure to rationalize the structure and funding of their health systems. Academics and students in the field of health policy will also find this series valuable in seeking to understand better the complex choices that con- front the health systems of Europe. Current and forthcoming titles Martin McKee and Judith Healy (eds): Hospitals in a Changing Europe Martin McKee, Judith Healy and Jane Falkingham (eds): Health Care in Central Asia Elias Mossialos, Anna Dixon, Josep Figueras and Joe Kutzin (eds): Funding Health Care: Options for Europe Richard B. Saltman, Reinhard Busse and Elias Mossialos (eds): Regulating Entrepreneurial Behaviour in European Health Care Systems The European Observatory on Health Care Systems is a unique project that builds on the commitment of all its partners to improving health care systems: • World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe • Government of Greece • Government of Norway • Government of Spain • European Investment Bank • Open Society Institute • World Bank • London School of Economics and Political Science • London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine The Observatory supports and promotes evidence-based health policy-making through comprehensive and rigorous analysis of the dynamics of health care systems in Europe. European Observatory on Health Care Systems Series Edited by Josep Figueras, Martin McKee, Elias Mossialos and Richard B. Saltman Funding health care: options for Europe Edited by Elias Mossialos, Anna Dixon, Josep Figueras and Joe Kutzin Open University Press Buckingham · Philadelphia Open University Press Celtic Court 22 Ballmoor Buckingham MK18 1XW email: [email protected] world wide web: www.openup.co.uk and 325 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA First Published 2002 Copyright © World Health Organization 2002 The views expressed in this publication are those of the editors and contributors and do not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the participating organizations of the European Observatory on Health Care Systems. All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holder or a licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited. Details of such licences (for reprographic reproduction) may be obtained from the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd of 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1P 0LP. A catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0 335 20924 6 (pb) 0 335 20925 4 (hb) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Funding health care: options for Europe / edited by Elias Mossialos . [et al.]. p. cm. — (European Observatory on Health Care Systems series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-335-20925-4 (hb) — ISBN 0-335-20924-6 (pb) 1. Medical care—Europe–Finance. 2. Medicine—Europe—Finance. 3. Federal aid to medical care research—Europe. 4. Medical care—Economic aspects— Europe. I. Mossialos, Elias. II. European Observatory on Health Care Systems series R852 .F86 2002 338.4′33621′094—dc21 2001036111 Typeset by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong Printed in Great Britain by Biddles Limited, Guildford and Kings Lynn Contents List of figures, tables and boxes vii List of contributors x Series editors’ introduction xii Foreword xiv Acknowledgements xv one Funding health care: an introduction 1 Elias Mossialos and Anna Dixon two Financing health care: taxation and the alternatives 31 Robert G. Evans three Social health insurance financing 59 Charles Normand and Reinhard Busse four Health financing reforms in central and eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union 80 Alexander S. Preker, Melitta Jakab and Markus Schneider five Private health insurance and medical savings accounts: theory and experience 109 Alan Maynard and Anna Dixon six Voluntary health insurance in the European Union 128 Elias Mossialos and Sarah M.S. Thomson vi Funding health care: options for Europe seven User charges for health care 161 Ray Robinson eight Informal health payments in central and eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union: issues, trends and policy implications 184 Maureen Lewis nine Lessons on the sustainability of health care funding from low- and middle-income countries 206 Anne Mills and Sara Bennett ten Funding long-term care: the public and private options 226 Raphael Wittenberg, Becky Sandhu and Martin Knapp eleven Strategic resource allocation and funding decisions 250 Nigel Rice and Peter C. Smith twelve Funding health care in Europe: weighing up the options 272 Elias Mossialos and Anna Dixon Index 301 List of figures, tables and boxes Figure 1.1 The health care triangle 2 Figure 1.2 Functions of health care systems 4 Figure 1.3 Examples of funding sources, contribution mechanisms and collection agents 5 Figure 1.4 Total expenditure on health care as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) in Europe as a whole (average for the European Region of WHO) and regional averages for the European Union (EU), the countries of central and eastern Europe (CEE) and the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU), 1985–99 9 Figure 1.5 Percentage of total health expenditure financed by taxation and by social health insurance in selected western European countries in 1998 or latest available year 11 Figure 2.1 Expenditure (in millions of Canadian dollars) on publicly financed health care according to pretax income decile in Manitoba, Canada, 1994 34 Figure 2.2 Tax contribution (in millions of Canadian dollars) to publicly financed health care according to pretax income decile in Manitoba, Canada, 1994 34 Figure 2.3 Net transfer (in millions of Canadian dollars) to or from each pretax income decile from the public financing of health care in Manitoba, Canada, 1994 35 viii Funding health care: options for Europe Figure 2.4 Net transfer to or from each pretax income decile as a share of pretax income from the public financing of health care in Manitoba, Canada, 1994 35 Figure 2.5 Expenditure on health care in the United States as a percentage of pretax family income according to family income decile and type of expenditure, 1987 36 Figure 2.6 Expenditure on health care in the United States as a percentage of pretax family income according to family income decile, type of expenditure and the age of the head of household 65 years or older versus younger than 65 years, 1987 36 Figure 2.7 Estimates of the progressivity (Kakwani (1977) Progressivity Index) of total health care expenditure in 12 OECD countries in various years according to the percentage of health expenditure financed by taxation 38 Figure 3.1 Simplified model of the financing functions and monetary flows in countries with social health insurance 61 Figure 4.1 Percentage of total health expenditure financed by taxes and by social health insurance in 16 CEE and FSU countries, 1997 or latest available year 85 Figure 4.2 Percentage of health expenditure that is prepaid versus paid at the point of service in 16 CEE and FSU countries, 1997 or latest available year 92 Figure 4.3 Organizational forms for the relationships among transacting parties in health care 97 Figure 4.4 Infant mortality rates (< 1 year) and child mortality rates (< 5 years) among the population quintile with the lowest income and highest income in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan, 1997 105 Figure 8.1 Average informal payments (in 1995 US dollars adjusted for purchasing power parity) per capita for people who sought care in five CEE and FSU countries, 1996 or 1997 196 Figure 8.2 Average informal payments (in 1995 US dollars adjusted for purchasing power parity)
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Group Work: Ghana's Pathway to Achieve Universal Health Coverage
    Health Care Financing module, 6-15 November 2019 Group work: Ghana’s pathway to achieve universal health coverage Reinhard Busse* Peter Agyei Bafour** * Department of Health Care Management (WHO Collaborating Centre for Health Systems Research and Management), Technische Universität Berlin, Germany & European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies ** School of Public Health, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana Group Work First 90 min (8:00-10:00): • Same groups as on Friday • 90 minutes group work – Discuss Ghana‘s pathway to UHC Second 90 min (10:30-12:30): • Present Ghanas pathway to UHC – 10 min presentation per group + 5 min discussion – 15 min general discussion and wrap-up 12 November 2019 Group work: pathways to UHC 2 Group task 1. Identify the most important challenges for the Ghana health system to reach UHC 2. Discuss the content of the lectures of the first week: what options are available to achieve UHC? And how can they be implemented (revenue generation, actors, functions, financial flow)? 3. Prepare a presentation (max. 10 slides): – Main challenges for UHC in Ghana: <3 slides – Options to achieve UHC: 2-3 slides – A pathway to achieve UHC: 3-4 slides – Conclusions: 1 slide 12 November 2019 Group work: pathways to UHC 3 The Ghana health system at a glance Collector of resources Third-party payer MoF MoH Development partners NHIA NHIA 2.5% of VAT (NHI levy), Contracts with formal sector: 2.5% SNIT accredited providers contribution, Small premiums (€1-7) MoH Population Provider NHIS members: 35-40% Choice of contracted providers 57% government (GHS), Uninsured (majority) 33% private, Out-of-pocket payments VHI (few) 7% non-for-profit 11 November 2019 From fragmented systems to UHC (CHAG, Muslim)4 NHIS revenue composition 11 November 2019 From fragmented systems to UHC 5 NHIS membership composition 11 November 2019 From fragmented systems to UHC 6 Road to UHC in Ghana – targets for 2030 11 November 2019 From fragmented systems to UHC 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Health Care Systems in the Eu a Comparative Study
    EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR RESEARCH WORKING PAPER HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS IN THE EU A COMPARATIVE STUDY Public Health and Consumer Protection Series SACO 101 EN This publication is available in the following languages: EN (original) DE FR The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorized, provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy. Publisher: EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT L-2929 LUXEMBOURG Author: Dr.med. Elke Jakubowski, MSc. HPPF, Advisor in Public Health Policy Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Medical School Hannover Co-author: Dr.med. Reinhard Busse, M.P.H., Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Medical School Hannover Editor: Graham R. Chambers BA Directorate-General for Research Division for Policies on Social Affairs, Women, Health and Culture Tel.: (00 352) 4300-23957 Fax: (00 352) 4300-27720 e-mail: [email protected] WITH SPECIAL GRATITUDE TO: James Kahan, Panos Kanavos, Julio Bastida-Lopez, Elias Mossialos, Miriam Wiley, Franco Sassi, Tore Schersten, Juha Teperi for their helpful comments and reviews of earlier drafts of the country chapters, and Manfred Huber for additional explanatory remarks on OECD Health Data. The manuscript was completed in May 1998. EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR RESEARCH WORKING PAPER HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS IN THE EU A COMPARATIVE STUDY Public Health and Consumer Protection Series SACO 101 EN 11-1998 Health Care Systems CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ........................................................... 5 PART ONE: A Comparative Outline of the Health Care Systems of the EU Member States ........................................
    [Show full text]
  • Improving Healthcare Quality in Europe
    Cover_WHO_nr52.qxp_Mise en page 1 20/08/2019 16:31 Page 1 51 THE ROLE OF PUBLIC HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS IN ADDRESSING PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEMS IN EUROPE PUBLIC HEALTH IN ADDRESSING ORGANIZATIONS PUBLIC HEALTH THE ROLE OF Quality improvement initiatives take many forms, from the creation of standards for health Improving healthcare 53 professionals, health technologies and health facilities, to audit and feedback, and from fostering a patient safety culture to public reporting and paying for quality. For policy- makers who struggle to decide which initiatives to prioritise for investment, understanding quality in Europe Series the potential of different quality strategies in their unique settings is key. This volume, developed by the Observatory together with OECD, provides an overall conceptual Health Policy Health Policy framework for understanding and applying strategies aimed at improving quality of care. Characteristics, effectiveness and Crucially, it summarizes available evidence on different quality strategies and provides implementation of different strategies recommendations for their implementation. This book is intended to help policy-makers to understand concepts of quality and to support them to evaluate single strategies and combinations of strategies. Edited by Quality of care is a political priority and an important contributor to population health. This Reinhard Busse book acknowledges that "quality of care" is a broadly defined concept, and that it is often Niek Klazinga unclear how quality improvement strategies fit within a health system, and what their particular contribution can be. This volume elucidates the concepts behind multiple elements Dimitra Panteli of quality in healthcare policy (including definitions of quality, its dimensions, related activities, Wilm Quentin and targets), quality measurement and governance and situates it all in the wider context of health systems research.
    [Show full text]
  • Challenges to Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance
    Challenges to Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a biological mechanism whereby a microorganism evolves over time to develop the ability to become resistant to antimicrobial therapies such as antibiotics. The drivers of and poten- tial solutions to AMR are complex, often spanning multiple sectors. The internationally recognized response to AMR advocates for a ‘One Health’ approach, which requires policies to be developed and implemented across human, animal, and environmental health. To date, misaligned economic incentives have slowed the development of novel antimicrobials and lim- ited efforts to reduce antimicrobial usage. However, the research which underpins the variety of policy options to tackle AMR is rapidly evolving across multiple disciplines such as human medicine, veterinary medicine, agricultural sciences, epidemiology, economics, sociology and psychology. By bringing together in one place the latest evidence and analysing the different facets of the complex problem of tackling AMR, this book offers an accessible summary for policy-makers, academics and students on the big questions around AMR policy. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core. Michael anderson is a Research Officer in Health Policy at the Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, and a Medical Doctor undertaking General Practice specialty training. Michele cecchini is a Senior Health Economist, Health Division, in the Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. elias Mossialos is Brian Abel-Smith Professor of Health Policy, Head of the Department of Health Policy at the London School of Economics and Political Science, and Co-Director of the European Observatory on Health Systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Crisis, Health Systems and Health in Europe
    Economic crisis…Europe fin.qxp_Layout 1 26/06/2015 08:28 Page 1 Economic Crisis, Health Systems European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Series and Health in Europe Impact and implications for policy Economic shocks pose a threat to health and health system E c performance by increasing people’s need for health care and o n making access to care more difficult – a situation compounded o by cuts in public spending on health and other social services. m i But these negative effects can be avoided by timely public c policy action. While important public policy levers lie outside C a r n the health sector, in the hands of those responsible for fiscal i s d policy and social protection, the health system response is i s Economic Crisis, H , critical. e H a This book looks at how health systems in Europe reacted to e l a t h pressure created by the financial and economic crisis that began l t Health Systems and h in 2008. Drawing on the experience of over 45 countries, the i n S authors: E y u s t analyse health system responses to the crisis in three policy r Health in Europe e • o m areas: public funding for the health system; health coverage; p e and health service planning, purchasing and delivery s Impact and implications for policy • assess the impact of these responses on health systems and population health M T h l o identify policies most likely to sustain the performance of a d • m health systems facing financial pressure o s v o s n k , y explore the political economy of implementing reforms in a , • F i M crisis g u a e r e The book is essential reading for anyone who wants to r a s s s o understand the choices available to policy-makers – and the , , E C implications of failing to protect health and health-system v y e l t u performance – in the face of economic and other forms of shock.
    [Show full text]
  • Health Systems in Transition Vol
    Health Systems in Transition Vol. 10 No. 5 2008 Moldova Health system review Rifat Atun • Erica Richardson Sergey Shishkin • Gintaras Kacevicius Mihai Ciocanu • Valeriu Sava Editors: Erica Richardson • Svetlana Ancker Editorial Board Editor in chief Elias Mossialos, London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom and European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Editors Reinhard Busse, Berlin Technical University, Germany Josep Figueras, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Martin McKee, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom and European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Richard Saltman, Emory University, United States Editorial team Sara Allin, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Cristina Hernandez Quevedo, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Anna Maresso, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies David McDaid, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Sherry Merkur, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Philipa Mladovsky, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Bernd Rechel, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Erica Richardson, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Sarah Thomson, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies International advisory board Tit Albreht, Institute of Public Health, Slovenia Carlos Alvarez-Dardet Díaz, University of Alicante, Spain Rifat Atun, Imperial College London, United Kingdom Johan Calltorp, Swedish Association of Local
    [Show full text]
  • SPEAKER BIOGRAPHIES “Lessons on Coverage from Abroad: How Do the Dutch, German and Swiss Health Care Systems Do It?” November 14, 2008
    SPEAKER BIOGRAPHIES “Lessons on Coverage from Abroad: How do the Dutch, German and Swiss Health Care Systems Do it?” November 14, 2008 REINHARD BUSSE, DR. MED., MPH, FFPH, is professor and department head for health care management at the Berlin University of Technology, Germany, where he is also dean of the faculty of economics and management. His research focuses on both methods and contents of comparative health system analysis, with a particular emphasis on reforms in Germany, other social health insurance countries and central and eastern Europe, and the role of EU. His health services research includes cost-effectiveness analyses, health targets and health technology assessment. He is also a faculty member of Charité, associate head of Research Policy and Head of the Berlin hub of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, and is a member of several scientific advisory boards (e.g. for the Federal Association of Company-based Sickness Funds, the German Agency for Health Technology Assessment and the Federal Physicians’ Chamber). Dr. Busse is a regular consultant for the EU Commission, the World Bank, OECD and other international organizations within Europe and beyond, including the World Health Organization. Dr. Busse’s department is a WHO Collaborating Center for Health System Research and Management. He was the scientific director of two EU-funded projects (HealthBASKET, HealthACCESS) which compared the benefit baskets, costs of individual health services and access to health services in EU countries. Dr. Busse studied medicine in Marburg, Germany; Boston; and London, and studied public health in Hannover, Germany. ROBERT LEU, PHD, is head of the Department of Economics at the University of Bern, Switzerland.
    [Show full text]
  • Promoting Health, Preventing Disease the Economic Case
    European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Series Promoting Health, Preventing Disease The economic case This book provides an economic perspective on health Preventing Disease promotion and chronic disease prevention, and gives a rationale Promoting Health, for assessing the economic case for action. It provides a comprehensive review of the evidence base in support of a broad range of public health interventions, addressing not only their effectiveness in improving population health, but also their implementation costs, impacts on health expenditures and wider economic consequences. Promoting Health, An economic perspective is about more than counting the costs associated with poor health. It is about understanding how Preventing Disease economic incentives can influence healthy lifestyle choices in the population. The book provides tools for developing effective and efficient policy strategies and addressing trade-offs between the goals of improving population health, while being The economic case mindful of the need to tackle inequalities in health outcomes across individuals and populations. McDaid, Sassi and Sassi Merkur McDaid, The book: practically illustrates methods and measures of cost and • outcome used in the evaluation of interventions covers specific risk factor areas including tobacco smoking, • alcohol, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, poor mental health and harmful environmental factors considers cross-cutting themes including key implementation • issues, health inequalities, and the merits of early life interventions The book is designed for health policy makers and all those working or studying in the areas of public health, health research, medicine or health economics. David McDaid is Senior Research Fellow in Health Economics and Health Policy at the London School of Economics and Edited by Political Science, UK.
    [Show full text]
  • A Universal European Health System for California: the German Model by Micah Weinberg, Phd and Alice Bishop
    March 2019 A Universal European Health System for California: The German Model BY MICAH WEINBERG, PHD AND ALICE BISHOP As the Affordable Care Act’s future continues to hang Achieving Universal Coverage in the balance, the idea of implementing some form of universal healthcare system in California or nationwide and Health Equity has become increasingly popular. Much of this discus- A System That Preserves Choice and sion has focused on the desirability and feasibility of Controls Costs adopting a Canadian-style single-payer or “Medicare for All” system. While Canada is a worthwhile case study to Adopting a Universal European Health System model examine, there are other models for a universal health- would allow California to strike a successful balance be- care system that may make more sense for California tween the competing goals of securing access, control- and the U.S., achieve better outcomes, and have a more ling cost, and improving quality. The elements of such a feasible path to implementation. system include: One such example is a “Universal European Health • Not-for-Profit Health: If enacted, such a system System,” inspired by the Bismarck model, most clearly would have one single insurance market for most exemplified by Germany. This report lays out what such people. As in the German system, residents would a model could look like if implemented in California. obtain coverage from competing wellness funds. While this report focuses specifically on the German Unlike in California’s current marketplace, however, system, several other countries use elements of the all insurers would be nonprofit, though an external Bismarck model, including France, Belgium, the Nether- market with for-profit plans may persist.
    [Show full text]
  • Compulsory Social Health Insurance Contributions
    39913 HNP DISCUSSION PAPER Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Analyzing Changes in Health Financing Arrangements in High-Income Countries Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized A Comprehensive Framework Approach About this series... This series is produced by the Health, Nutrition, and Population Family (HNP) of the World Bank’s Human Development Network. The papers in this series aim to provide a vehicle for publishing preliminary and unpolished results on HNP topics to encourage discussion and debate. Reinhard Busse, Jonas Schreyögg, and Christian Gericke The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. Citation and the use of material presented in this series should take into account this provisional character. For free copies of papers in this series please contact the individual authors whose name appears on the paper. Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Enquiries about the series and submissions should be made directly to the Managing Editor Janet Nassim ([email protected]) or HNP Advisory Service ([email protected], tel 202 473-2256, fax 202 522-3234). For more information, see also www.worldbank.org/ hnppublications. THE WORLD BANK Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC USA 20433 Telephone: 202 473 1000 Facsimile: 202 477 6391 Internet: www.worldbank.org E-mail: [email protected] February 2007 Analyzing Changes in Health Financing Arrangements in High-Income Countries A Comprehensive Framework Approach Reinhard Busse, Jonas Schreyögg, and Christian Gericke February 2007 Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Paper This series is produced by the Health, Nutrition, and Population Family (HNP) of the World Bank's Human Development Network.
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Ireland): Health System Review
    Ciaran O'Neill, Pat McGregor and Sherry Merkur United Kingdom (Northern Ireland): health system review Report Original citation: O'Neill, Ciaran, McGregor, Pat and Merkur, Sherry (2012) United Kingdom (Northern Ireland): health system review. Health systems in transition, 14 (10). This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/50037/ Originally available from World Health Organization Available in LSE Research Online: May 2013 © 2012 World Health Organization LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. Health Systems in Transition Vol. 14 No. 10 2012 United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) Health system review Ciaran O’Neill Pat McGregor Sherry Merkur Sherry Merkur (Editor) and Sarah Thomson were responsible for this HiT Editorial Board Editor in chief Elias Mossialos, London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom Series editors Reinhard Busse, Berlin University of Technology, Germany Josep Figueras, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Martin McKee, London School
    [Show full text]
  • RU: Regulating Pharmaceuticals in Europe: Striving for Efficiency, Equity and Quality
    Regulating pharm… new 22/4/04 9:12 am Page 1 Regulating pharmaceuticals in Europe: striving for efficiency, equity and quality European Observatory on Health Care Systems Series "This thoughtful and comprehensive book represents the best work I have seen on the current situation concerning medication policies in Regulating pharmaceuticals the EU. It is not just that this is a very up-to-date compendium of facts…the book is also strong on analysis of those facts." Jerry Avorn, Harvard Medical School "A valuable and timely contribution to understanding the many debates about regulating industry, medicines and prescribing across Europe." Sir Alisdair Breckenridge, Chairman of the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, United Kingdom Regulating pharmaceuticals The rising cost of pharmaceutical expenditures in many European countries is of concern to governments required to make effective use of health care budgets. Taking a broad perspective that encompasses institutional, political and supranational aspects of pharmaceutical in in Europe: striving for regulation, this book examines approaches used to manage pharmaceutical expenditure across Europe and what impact these Europe strategies have had on the efficiency, quality, equity and cost of pharmaceutical care. efficiency, equity and quality Regulating Pharmaceuticals in Europe is an important book for students of health policy, regulation and management, and for health managers and policy makers. Edited by Mossialos/Mrazek/Walley by Edited The editors Elias Mossialos is Brian Abel-Smith Professor of Health Policy at the London School of Economics and Political Science and a Research Director of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies. Monique Mrazek is a Health Economist for the World Bank (Europe and Central Asia region) and formerly a Research Officer in Health Economics at the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies at the London School of Economics and Political Science.
    [Show full text]