BIODIVERSITY 2016 Large Spurred Comparettia reg. reg. Comparettia macroplectron Oncidium alexandrae Miltoniopsis phalaenopsis Endemic to Aguadia blanca osefita Distribution: 1,350 to 3,000 m.a.s.l. reg. reg. Most frequent native species in nurseries. Among the Boyacá, Meta, Cundinamarca, Magdalena, and Casanare. Oncidium luteopurpureum Maxillaria luteoalba 401 lor de ogot angrea o aillaria most common species, four belong to the Cattleya, three to Oncidium, three to Phragmipedium, and one to Miltoniopsis. reg. Diversity of Orchids in osefita rosada

reg. Phragmipedium longiolium reg. Oncidium hastilabium Cundinamarca osefita astilabium Most plant nurseries that produce and commercialize orchids do so as a complementary activity. They handle a broad variety of reg. An opportunity for sustainable use reg. Phragmipedium arsceicianum Cattleya trianae decorative species, fruit trees, and forest trees. apaticos lor de mayo

Carolina Castellanos-Castroa, Cristian Castroa, Yissel Riveraa, Martha Vallejob, Diana Lópezb, and Diana Laraa Commercial exploitation of orchids originates Native species with potential for commercial use. Some in the 18th century, and there are records of species of native orchids with potential for commercial use that were not recorded in the plant nurseries: numerous extractions directed to Europe.

Number of records in biological collections + between 1890 and 2016. In botanical collections of + Cyrtochilum revolutum Cundinamarca there are specimens from 1962 to 2015. Most specimens were collected in the decade of 1960 and + Cyrtochilum densiflorum THE HIGH SPECIES RICHNESS OF ORCHIDS the first decade of the 21st century. Investigators IN THE STATE OF CUNDINAMARCA AND + Oncidium ornithorhynchum such as Pedro Ortiz Valdivieso, M. THEIR HISTORICAL USE AS DECORATIVE Schneider, Juan Camilo Ordóñez, Records per year REPRESENTS AN OPPORTUNITY José Cuatrecasas, and Mariano EN TO CREATE ALLIANCES OF PRESERVATION, Ospina have been the most RESEARCH, AND SUSTAINABLE USE. Curled Odontoglossum Oncidium alexandrae significant contributors to Endemic to Colombia these collections. Distribution: 1,700 to 2,700 m.a.s.l. Cundinamarca, Boyacá, Caquetá, Cauca, Huila, Nariño, Santander, Tolima, and Putumayo. Major plant nurseries for orchids Species of orchids have been recorded in 2010-2016 in Cundinamarca and number of 1890-1900 1900-1909 1910-1919 1920-1929 1930-1939 1940-1949 1950-1959 1960-1969 1970-1979 1980-1989 1990-1999 2000-2009 all the municipalities and altitudinal ranges of the country. Most species correspond to recorded species specimens found between 2,500 and 3,500 Plant nursery m.a.s.l.. Plant nursery NATIONAL SCENARIO FOR ORCHIDS Species with most records in Cundinamarca. Herbarium records that are assumed to be of SURTIPLANTAS In Colombia, there are 4,270 native species of orchids1, wild individuals, although some may correspond to cultivated individuals. Type of nursery: cultivation and commercialization of which 1,572 are endemic and 207 are categorized reg. Volume of production: Marginal reg. Epidendrum erosum under some threat category2 mainly due to habitat Elleanthus aurantiacus Due to the beauty and variety of shapes, sizes, Locality: Fusagasugá Altitude: 1,866 .a.s.l. destruction and followed by extraction of wild populations esp. reg. and colors of their flowers, orchids are one of the Stenorrhynchos vaginatum Epidendrum oxysepalum Presence of native species for commercial motives. Orchids may be found in all of most charismatic group of plants. Therefore, they have Number of species: 9 reg. the territory, yet 77 % of species are found in the Andean Pleurothallis phalangiera Species: Masdevallia coccinea, Masdevallia reg. historically been used for decoration. 1 reg. Stelis pulchella ígnea, Maxillaria luteoalba, Maxillaria region and are associated to Andean forests and paramos. Epidendrum rutex The greatest diversity of orchids in the world can sanderiana, Maxillaria speciosa, Oncidium Colombia currently has a National Plan1 that includes be found in the tropical mountains of the . In alexandrae, Oncidium gloriosum, reg. goals and guidelines to generate and expand knowledge, Epidendrum chioneum Colombia, Antioquia is the state with greatest species and Oncidium luteopurpureum Yellow-purple Odontoglossum conserve, use sustainably, educate, and strengthen laws richness, followed by Cundinamarca, which has 940 reg. reg. Oncidium luteopurpureum related to this group of plants by highlighting exploitation Epidendrum elongatum Oncidium ornithorhynchum different species recorded for its territory (100 endemic Endemic to Colombia as a countrywide opportunity. Implementing the plan species)1. However, the uncontrolled extraction of orchids Distribution: 2,000 to 2,800 m.a.s.l. More information about each of the plant implies promoting the integration of local and regional reg. reg. reg. Epidendrum scytocladium Cundinamarca, Antioquia, Boyacá, Tolima, Caldas, nurseries of orchids in Cundinamarca and Epidendrum cylindraceum Epidendrum excisum for commercialization, combined with the destruction Huila, Risaralda, Santander, Valle del Cauca, number of recorded species is available initiatives so that activities currently being developed in of forests and the replacement of natural areas for Cauca, Putumayo, and Quindío. on line. Colombia may contribute to other initiatives in the country. reg. reg. productive land covers, has made natural populations Telipogon nervosus Epidendrum megalospathum become scarcer. Until now, the conservation status of only 73 native species in Cundinamarca has been and commercialization of orchids is done by such plant promote the sustainable use of orchids native to the evaluated. 51 % (37 species) of these are under some nurseries and merchandisers. According to data published state of Cundinamarca, the Humboldt Institute, Pontificia scientific knowledge in this topic. The project is financed threat category2. This situation evidences that there is an by Convention on International Trade on Endangered Universidad Javeriana (Pontifical Xaverian University), by the Sistema General de Regalías (General System of Mesitas del Colegio, Cachipay, Supatá, Tena, and imminent need for both in situ and ex situ conservation Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)3, between 1975 Jardín Botánico de Bogotá José Celestino Mutis (Botanical Royalties) through the Secretaría de Ciencia, Tecnología Bogotá there are 57 plant nurseries that produce and to the current commercialization of exotic species. It is actions that must be developed by the academia, NGOs, and 2015, 189 orchid species native to the state of Garden of Bogotá José Celestino Mutis), and the e Innovación de la Gobernación de Cundinamarca commercialize 86 different species of orchids, of which also a chance to improve cultivation methods of native environmental authorities, and society at large. Cundinamarca have been traded, their major destinations Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Secretariat of Science, Technology and Innovation of the 63 are naturally distributed in the state of Cundinamarca species, decrease periods of growth and flowering, reduce In this sense, plant nurseries play an important being Germany, United States, and Japan. (Colombian Corporation of Agricultural Research) are Government of Cundinamarca). and 23 in other regions of Colombia. productions costs, strengthen capacities of workers, and role in holding and propagating those species that are Consequently, and with the purpose of generating developing a project that aims to contribute to research, Preliminary results show that in the municipalities This represents a great opportunity to encourage receive support from authorities that may promote such under some threat category. Currently, the production synergies between knowledge and conservation to technological innovation, and social appropriation of of San Antonio del Tequendama, Fusagasugá, La Mesa, the sustainable use of native orchids as an alternative activity in the region.

Online version Related searches Topics Institutions: a. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt; b. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. reporte.humboldt.org.co/biodiversidad/en/2016/cap4/401 BIODIVERSITY 2014: 202,205,206,307 | BIODIVERSITY 2015: 101,102,106 Biological collections | Threatened species | Endemic species | Economic development