DOCSLIB.ORG

Redalyc.PHYTOSOCIOLOGY of SOWN PASTURE WEEDS UNDER

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Redalyc.PHYTOSOCIOLOGY of SOWN PASTURE WEEDS UNDER Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ISSN: 1517-6398 [email protected] Escola de Agronomia e Engenharia de Alimentos Brasil Guglieri-Caporal, Adriana; Machado Caporal, Francisco José; Pott, Arnildo PHYTOSOCIOLOGY OF SOWN PASTURE WEEDS UNDER TWO LEVELS OF DEGRADATION IN BRAZILIAN SAVANNA AREAS, MATO GROSSO DO SUL STATE, BRAZIL Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, vol. 40, núm. 3, julio-septiembre, 2010, pp. 312-321 Escola de Agronomia e Engenharia de Alimentos Goiânia, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=253019612013 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative e-ISSN 1983-4063 - www.agro.ufg.br/pat - Pesq. Agropec. Trop., Goiânia, v. 40, n. 3, p. 312-321, jul./set. 2010 PHYTOSOCIOLOGY OF SOWN PASTURE WEEDS UNDER TWO LEVELS OF DEGRADATION IN BRAZILIAN SAVANNA AREAS, MATO GROSSO DO SUL STATE, BRAZIL1 Adriana Guglieri-Caporal2, Francisco José Machado Caporal2, Arnildo Pott2 RESUMO ABSTRACT FITOSSOCIOLOGIA DE PLANTAS DANINHAS DE PASTAGENS CULTIVADAS SOB DOIS NÍVEIS DE DEGRADAÇÃO EM CERRADO, NO MATO GROSSO DO SUL Cultivated pastures, in general, go through a decline process, associated with the occurrence of weeds, whose Pastagens cultivadas, de maneira geral, entram em successful management begins with the survey of species and processo de declínio, associado à infestação de plantas daninhas, their biology. This study aimed to carry out phytosociological cujo manejo exitoso começa com o levantamento das espécies surveys, during the rainy and dry seasons, in two pastures infestantes e sua biologia. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o cultivated with Brachiaria (Urochloa) spp., with cattle (AI) estudo fitossociológico, nas estações chuvosa e seca, em duas and without cattle (AII), in Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) areas pastagens cultivadas de Brachiaria (Urochloa) spp., com gado of the Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. The occurrence of (AI) e sem gado (AII), em áreas de Cerrado do Mato Grosso 104 weedy herbaceous and subshrubby Phanerogams species do Sul. Foi constatada a ocorrência de 104 espécies de plantas was recorded. The families with the highest number of species daninhas herbáceas e subarbustivas de Fanerógamas. As famílias were Fabaceae (23 species), Poaceae (16), and Asteraceae (15). de maior destaque, em número de espécies, foram Fabaceae (23 Hemicryptophytes predominate with 41% of the species. The espécies), Poaceae (16) e Asteraceae (15). As hemicriptófitas species with the highest importance value and relative coverage predominam com 41% das espécies. As espécies com maiores are B. decumbens and Sida rhombifolia, in AI, and B. brizantha valores de importância e cobertura relativa são B. decumbens e and Desmodium incanum, in AII, plus Paspalum notatum, Sida rhombifolia, em AI, e B. brizantha e Desmodium incanum, in both pastures. The Shannon diversity index was 4.19 and em AII, além de Paspalum notatum, em ambas as pastagens. Os 4.43 nats, for AI and AII, respectively, indicating considerable valores de diversidade de Shannon foram 4,19 e 4,43 nats, para weed species richness. The floristic dissimilarity index between AI e AII, respectivamente, indicando considerável riqueza de AI and AII, obtained from the Euclidian distance, is 0.7468, espécies. O índice de dissimilaridade florística entre AI e AII, indicating just a few species in common (44%). In the dry obtido a partir da Distância Euclidiana, é 0,7468, o que indica season, the number of species in AI decreased 10% while in poucas espécies em comum (44%). Na estação seca, o número AII it increased 4%. de espécies em AI caiu 10% e, em AII, aumentou 4%. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Agroecossistema; Brachiaria; ecologia KEY-WORDS: Agroecosystem; Brachiaria; flora; plant ecology; vegetal; flora;Urochloa . Urochloa. INTRODUCTION species well adapted to climate and soils (Perón & Evangelista 2004). Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) is the second Sown pastures, in general, present high initial biome in Brazil, 2 million km2, approximately productivity, however, within a few years, go through 22% of the country (Eiten 2001), covering nearly a decline process (Dutra et al. 2004). Excessive the whole Central-West region. Soils are generally stocking rate, wrong choice of forage species, and dystrophic, but well structured, often on flat or inadequate management have caused an increasing gently rolled relief, what favors cattle ranching and process of pastures degradation (Santos & Costa mechanized crops (Pivello 2006). Cattle farming 2002, Perón & Evangelista 2004, Dias Filho 2007), has expanded considerably in the region, after the which reaches 80% in the Central-West Brazilian 1970s, due to low prices of land, finance, and forage region (Perón & Evangelista 2004). According to 1. Trabalho recebido em abr./2009 e aceito para publicação em set./2010 (n° registro: PAT 6051/ DOI: 10.5216/pat.v40i3.6051). 2. Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil. E-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. 313 Phytosociology of sown pasture weeds under two levels of degradation in Brazilian savanna areas 313 Macedo & Zimmer (1993), a degraded pasture of unbroken native vegetation, with more than undergoes a gradual process of vigor, productivity 2,000 ha covered with cerradão and semideciduous and recovery capacity loss, becoming unable to forest, close to the capital city of Mato Grosso do overcome harmful pests effects, diseases, and weeds, Sul, Campo Grande. ending up with natural resources degradation. Correa The climate of the region, according to the et al. (2001) pointed out that pasture degradation in Köppen system classification, is Aw humid tropical the Cerrado region is often related to exhaustion subtype (mean temperature of 24ºC and mean annual of soil fertility. Dias Filho (2007) stressed that rainfall of 1,500 mm), with a rainy season in the weed proliferation in pastures is a consequence of Summer (October to April) and a dry one in the the degradation process and not its cause, and that Winter. The relief is gently rolled, with predominance weeds compete for soil nutrients, making them less of Dystrophic red Latosol (Rhodic Ferrasol) accessible to forage plants. (Embrapa 2008). The management success of a weed community Two areas (paddocks) of sown pasture were begins with the survey of weeds, in order to selected, here named area I (AI) and area II (AII). Since understand their biology and predominant species the middle 1930s, these areas, originally from Cerrado (Pott et al. 2006). So, floristics and phytosociology s.s. and cerradão, have been cleared and burned for are extremely useful tools, helping on practices pasture development, usual practices in the region. In management and weed control of different crops, the 1970s, following a regional trend, African species the first supplying a list of all weed species and of Brachiaria (Urochloa) were introduced. the second supporting the understanding of species AI has around 6 ha of B. decumbens (signal structure and dynamics, dominant populations, and grass) pasture, within approximately 100 ha the weed community, as a whole. Studies involving of paddock area, with 200 head of cattle and sown pastures weed communities were performed sometimes 20 horses. AI is limited by the coordinates by Dantas & Rodrigues (1980), Dias Filho (1990), 20º45′14,2′′S and 54º50′34,9′′W; 20º45′14,4′′S and Mascarenhas et al. (1999), Mitja et al. (2000), Dutra 54º50′32,4′′W; 20º45′26,0′′S and 54º50′35,2′′W; et al. (2004), and Tuffi Santos et al. (2004), however, 20º45′26,1′′S and 54º50′37,1′′W, and the smallest side just a few were carried out in the Central-West region of the polygon is connected to a strongly impacted (Pott et al. 2006, Silva et al. 2006). and thinned cerradão remnant. Altitude varies from The objective of the present research was the 513 m to 526 m. phytosociological study of two pastures sown in AII represents a pasture of B. brizantha Cerrado areas, with and without cattle, during the (palisade grass), 5 ha, within the coordinates rainy and dry seasons, in Mato Grosso do Sul State, 20º45′46,0′′S and 54º50′21,9′′W; 20º45′48,2′′S and Brazil. 54º50′15,2′′W; 20º45′53,8′′S and 54º50′11,9′′W; 20º45′46,5′′S and 54º50′10,9′′W, and two polygon MATERIAL AND METHODS sides are adjacent to little disturbed cerradão. Altitude varies from 509 m to 520 m. Up to September 2006, Study areas only six working oxes were kept in this paddock, which stayed without cattle from October 2006 to Nova Esperança ranch lays in the township of January 2008, over the study period. Sidrolândia, micro-region of Campo Grande, 37 km South of Campo Grande city, Mato Grosso do Sul Floristic study State, Brazil, with an approximate area of 4,000 ha, including 1,500 ha of swamp, wet grassland, Cerrado The study was performed from February 2007 grassland and scrub, and Cerrado stricto sensu, used to January 2008, during a rainy season (October as pastureland for beef cattle. to April) and a dry one (May to September). A The Nova Esperança ranch presents a great minimum of 12 months is expected for this kind of ecological importance, as it includes seven headwaters study, due to variables such as fast vegetative growth and a registered private reserve, near Serra de and complete flowering, fruit set, and dispersion Maracaju, part of the Pantanal-Atlantic Forest cycles. Monthly visits were made in order to survey ecological corridor, being one of the few remnants pasture herbaceous, subshrubby and climbing weeds, e-ISSN 1983-4063 - www.agro.ufg.br/pat - Pesq. Agropec. Trop., Goiânia, v. 40, n. 3, p.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cytotaxonomy of the Genus Echinochloa in Louisiana. James Howard Brooks Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1969 Cytotaxonomy of the Genus Echinochloa in Louisiana. James Howard Brooks Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Brooks, James Howard, "Cytotaxonomy of the Genus Echinochloa in Louisiana." (1969). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 1640. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/1640 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 70-9040 BROOKS, James Howard, 1932- CYTOTAXONOMY OF THE GENUS ECHINOCHLOA i IN LOUISIANA. j The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Ph.D., 1969 Agronomy University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan CYTOTAXONOMY OF THE GENUS ECHINOCHLOA IN LOUISIANA A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Botany and Plant Pathology by James Howard Brooks B.S., Stephen F. Austin State College, 1957 M .S., Stephen F. Austin State College, 1964 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to express his sincere appreciation to Dr. Clair A. Brown for serving as chairman of his committee, for aid in selecting the problem, guidance throughout the study, and helpful suggestions for improving the manuscript and companionship during some of the collecting trips.
    [Show full text]
  • Bath Salts and Synthetic Marijuana: an Emerging Threat by Rommie L
    Continuing Education Course Bath Salts and Synthetic Marijuana: An Emerging Threat BY ROMMIE L. DUCKWORTH TRAINING THE FIRE SERVICE FOR 135 YEARS To earn continuing education credits, you must successfully complete the course examination. The cost for this CE exam is $25.00. For group rates, call (973) 251-5055. Bath Salts and Synthetic Marijuana: An Emerging Threat Educational Objectives On completion of this course, students will 1) Define the term “Designer Drug”. 3) Determine what constitutes Bath Salts, and their effects. 2) Learn how regulation is not inhibiting the production of 4) Determine what constitutes Synthetic Marijuana, and its designer drugs. effects BY ROMMIE L. DUCKWORTH emergency responders, and healthcare providers. Designer drugs are chemical compounds that are newly created, modi- April 5, 2011. Spanaway, Washington: Medic and Army Ser- fied, or repurposed to provide abusers with effects similar to geant Dave Stewart, high on bath salts bought at a local pipe currently illegal recreational drugs. They are often relatively shop, killed himself and his wife during a police pursuit. Their five-year-old son was also found dead in the car. easy to make and, because of their ever-changing ingredient list, are also extremely difficult to regulate. August 21, 2011. Bowling Green, Kentucky: Teenager Ashley The term “designer drugs” originated in the 1980s, but Stillwell became paralyzed while smoking 7H, a form of syn- the idea of marketing legal chemical combinations related thetic marijuana, with her friends. She lay on the floor, helpless, to regulated or banned drugs dates back to the 1920s. Such as her friends discussed what to do, including how to dispose of her body.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on Grasses (Poaceae) in Hawai‘I: 2
    Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2009 –2010. Edited by Neal L. Evenhuis & Lucius G. Eldredge. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 110: 17 –22 (2011) Notes on grasses (Poaceae ) in Hawai‘i : 31. neil snoW (Hawaii Biological survey, Bishop museum, 1525 Bernice street, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, 96817-2704, Usa; email: [email protected] ) & G errit DaViDse (missouri Botanical Garden, P.o. Box 299, st. louis, missouri 63166-0299, Usa; email: [email protected] ) additional new records for the grass family (Poaceae) are reported for Hawai‘i, including five state records, three island records, one corrected island report, and one cultivated species showing signs of naturalization. We also point out minor oversights in need of cor - rection in the Flora of North America Vol. 25 regarding an illustration of the spikelet for Paspalum unispicatum . Herbarium acronyms follow thiers (2010). all cited specimens are housed at the Herbarium Pacificum (BisH) apart from one cited from the missouri Botanical Garden (mo) for Paspalum mandiocanum, and another from the University of Hawai‘i at mānoa (HaW) for Leptochloa dubia . Anthoxanthum odoratum l. New island record this perennial species, which is known by the common name vernalgrass, occurs natu - rally in southern europe but has become widespread elsewhere (allred & Barkworth 2007). of potential concern in Hawai‘i is the aggressive weedy tendency the species has shown along the coast of British columbia, canada, where it is said to be rapidly invad - ing moss-covered bedrock of coastal bluffs, evidently to the exclusion of native species (allred & Barkworth 2007). the species has been recorded previously on kaua‘i, moloka‘i, maui, and Hawai‘i (imada 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • 24. Tribe PANICEAE 黍族 Shu Zu Chen Shouliang (陈守良); Sylvia M
    POACEAE 499 hairs, midvein scabrous, apex obtuse, clearly demarcated from mm wide, glabrous, margins spiny-scabrous or loosely ciliate awn; awn 1–1.5 cm; lemma 0.5–1 mm. Anthers ca. 0.3 mm. near base; ligule ca. 0.5 mm. Inflorescence up to 20 cm; spike- Caryopsis terete, narrowly ellipsoid, 1–1.8 mm. lets usually densely arranged, ascending or horizontally spread- ing; rachis scabrous. Spikelets 1.5–2.5 mm (excluding awns); Stream banks, roadsides, other weedy places, on sandy soil. Guangdong, Hainan, Shandong, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bhutan, Cambodia, basal callus 0.1–0.2 mm, obtuse; glumes narrowly lanceolate, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri back scaberulous-hirtellous in rather indistinct close rows (most Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa (probably introduced), Australia obvious toward lemma base), midvein pectinate-ciliolate, apex (Queensland)]. abruptly acute, clearly demarcated from awn; awn 0.5–1.5 cm. Anthers ca. 0.3 mm. Caryopsis terete, narrowly ellipsoid, ca. 3. Perotis hordeiformis Nees in Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Beech- 1.5 mm. Fl. and fr. summer and autumn. 2n = 40. ey Voy. 248. 1838. Sandy places, along seashores. Guangdong, Hebei, Jiangsu, 麦穗茅根 mai sui mao gen Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand]. Perotis chinensis Gandoger. This species is very close to Perotis indica and is sometimes in- Annual or short-lived perennial. Culms loosely tufted, cluded within it. No single character by itself is reliable for separating erect or decumbent at base, 25–40 cm tall. Leaf sheaths gla- the two, but the combination of characters given in the key will usually brous; leaf blades lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 2–4 cm, 4–7 suffice.
    [Show full text]
  • The Diversity Distribution Pattern of Ruderal Community Under the Rapid Urbanization in Hangzhou, East China
    diversity Article The Diversity Distribution Pattern of Ruderal Community under the Rapid Urbanization in Hangzhou, East China Mingli Zhang 1,2, Kun Song 1,3,4,* and Liangjun Da 1,3,4,* 1 School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; [email protected] 2 Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Hangzhou 310018, China 3 Shanghai Key Laboratory for Ecology of the Urbanization Process and Eco-restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China 4 Institute of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai 200241, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (K.S.); [email protected] (L.D.) Received: 4 March 2020; Accepted: 19 March 2020; Published: 23 March 2020 Abstract: The process of rapid urbanization has affected the composition and diversity of urban vegetation species. The process of urbanization from 2000 was analyzed in the area of "one major city with three vice cities and six groups", according to the urban master planning of Hangzhou from 2001 to 2020. The results show that dramatic changes have occurred for land use types during the ten years from 2000 to 2010 in Hangzhou, of which urban land has become the main type of land use and the area of arable land has presented serious loss. This study found that the Gramineae and Compositae species were the main groups of ruderals in 1665 quadrats, which reflected the characteristics of a few large families. The number of Monotypic and Oligotypic family/genera accounted for 67.3% of the total number of families and 97.5% of the total number of genera.
    [Show full text]
  • Johnson, Current Trends in Workplace Drug Testing
    LATEST TRENDS IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING Paul Johnson CEO Express Diagnostics Int’l Trends In Drug Use • Drive to get high! • People will seek any means to alter their state of consciousness Trends In Drug Use • Treatment admissions for opiates other than heroin rose from 19,870 in 1998 to 111,251 in 2008, over a 450-percent increase Trends In Drug Use 80% of the world's supply of opioid analgesics are consumed in the U.S, but we only have 5% of the world's population Trends In Drug Use California - Oxy abusers turning to heroin in San Diego County Designer Drugs • Created (or reformulated, if the drug already existed) to get around existing drug laws (Controlled Substance Act in the USA, TGA Poisons Act Aust.), usually by modifying the molecular structures of existing drugs to varying degrees. • What drives the production of designer drugs? . Consumer preferences . Law enforcement control Designer Drugs An agonist is a chemical that binds to a receptor and triggers a response – often mimicking the action of a naturally occurring substance. Receptor Drug (agonist) Designer Drugs • Why Change the Key? – Prolong the effect of the drug Drug – Increase the potency of the drug – “Select” the desired effect – Make the drug more difficult to detect – Avoid patent infringement – Make an illegal drug “legal Spice/K2 • No! We are not talking about this! Spice/K2 / Kronic • We are talking about this! Spice/K2 – Usage • Commonly used in the mining industry as many mines still don’t test for it yet, despite the fact that accurate, reliable tests do exist now.
    [Show full text]
  • BOTANY SECTION Compiled by Richard E. Weaver, Jr., Ph.D., and Patti J
    TRI-OLOGY, Vol. 47, No. 5 Patti J. Anderson, Ph.D., Managing Editor SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER 2008 DACS-P-00124 Wayne N. Dixon, Ph. D., Editor Page 1 of 13 BOTANY SECTION Compiled by Richard E. Weaver, Jr., Ph.D., and Patti J. Anderson, Ph.D. For this period, 167 specimens were submitted to the Botany Section for identification, and 1,418 were received from other sections for identification/name verification for a total of 1,585. In addition, 57 specimens were added to the herbarium, and 48 specimens of invasive species were prepared for the Division of Forestry’s Forest Health Project. Some of the samples received for identification are discussed below: Helianthus simulans E. E. Wats. (an endemic North American genus of 49 species, occurring throughout the United States and adjacent Canada, as well as in Baja California). Compositae (Asteraceae). Muck sunflower. It is unfortunate that such an attractive plant has such an unattractive common name. Growing to more than 2 m tall, this sunflower makes a showy and impressive specimen in the garden. In its best forms, the lanceolate leaves are leathery and dark green, somewhat reminiscent of those of the oleander (Nerium oleander). The flower heads, with bright yellow rays and usually a reddish- purple disk, are borne in profusion in October and November and vary from 7-10 cm across. Although it grows at least twice as tall and the leaves are broader and not revolute (turned under along the margins), it is often confused with the very common Helianthus simulans Photograph courtesy of Sally Wasowski and swamp sunflower (H.
    [Show full text]
  • Seedimages Species Database List
    Seedimages.com Scientific List (possibly A. cylindrica) Agropyron trachycaulum Ambrosia artemisifolia (R) not Abelmoschus esculentus Agrostemma githago a synonym of A. trifida Abies concolor Agrostis alba Ambrosia confertiflora Abronia villosa Agrostis canina Ambrosia dumosa Abronia villosum Agrostis capillaris Ambrosia grayi Abutilon theophrasti Agrostis exarata Ambrosia psilostachya Acacia mearnsii Agrostis gigantea Ambrosia tomentosa Acaena anserinifolia Agrostis palustris Ambrosia trifida (L) Acaena novae-zelandiae Agrostis stolonifera Ammi majus Acaena sanguisorbae Agrostis tenuis Ammobium alatum Acalypha virginica Aira caryophyllea Amorpha canescens Acamptopappus sphaerocephalus Alcea ficifolia Amsinckia intermedia Acanthospermum hispidum Alcea nigra Amsinckia tessellata Acer rubrum Alcea rosea Anagallis arvensis Achillea millifolium Alchemilla mollis Anagallis monellii Achnatherum brachychaetum Alectra arvensis Anaphalis margaritacea Achnatherum hymenoides Alectra aspera Andropogon bicornis Acmella oleracea Alectra fluminensis Andropogon flexuosus Acroptilon repens Alectra melampyroides Andropogon gerardii Actaea racemosa Alhagi camelorum Andropogon gerardii var. Adenostoma fasciculatum Alhagi maurorum paucipilus Aegilops cylindrica Alhagi pseudalhagi Andropogon hallii Aegilops geniculata subsp. Allium canadense Andropogon ternarius geniculata Allium canadense (bulb) Andropogon virginicus Aegilops ovata Allium cepa Anemone canadensis Aegilops triuncialis Allium cernuum Anemone cylindrica Aeginetia indica Allium fistulosum Anemone
    [Show full text]
  • Wavyleaf Basketgrass Ecology and Control Dr
    Wavyleaf Basketgrass Ecology and Control Dr. Vanessa B. Beauchamp Department of Biological Sciences Towson University [email protected] Wavyleaf Basketgrass • Taxonomy/Identification • Invasion origins • Habitats • Seed dispersal • Competition • Food web impacts • Control Oplismenus undulatifolius (Ard.) P. Beauv. (finally!) What it’s not Oplismenus undulatifolius Microstegium vimineum [Dichanthelium clandestinum Arthraxon hispidus An introduction to Oplismenus undulatifolius • First discovered in Patapsco Valley State Park and near Liberty Reservoir – Edward Uebel in 1996 Origin of the Invasion • Data from Sharon Talley and Craig Ramsey at USDA APHIS show that our wavyleaf is morphologically and genetically different from the variegated form. Oplismenus undulatifolius Data indicate that the potential source of the population in the US is the Krasnodarskiy (Caucasus Mountains) region in Russia. So why do we care? So why do we care? • Characteristics of successful invasive plants – Tolerate a variety of habitat conditions – Grow and reproduce rapidly • Efficient method of seed dispersal, germinates easily • Able to reproduce sexually - by seed - or asexually by sending out aboveground or belowground “runners” (stolons and rhizomes) – Compete aggressively for resources – Lack natural enemies or pests in the new ecosystem • Resistant to grazing. Habitats NASA Observational Data and Habitat Suitability Modeling for Wavyleaf Basketgrass Seed Dispersal Seed production, dispersal and germination • Seed is available for dispersal in August
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Leguminosae
    Biota Neotropica ISSN: 1676-0611 [email protected] Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade Brasil Caboco, Rafael Brune; Prates Rolim, Thiago; Bagnatori Sartori, Ângela Lúcia; Sciamarelli, Alan Leguminosae-papilionoideae from the parque estadual das Várzeas do Rio Ivinhema, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil Biota Neotropica, vol. 12, núm. 2, 2012, pp. 57-70 Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade Campinas, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=199123113007 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Leguminosae-papilionoideae from the parque estadual das Várzeas do Rio Ivinhema, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil Caboco, R.B. et al. Biota Neotrop. 2012, 12(2): 57-70. On line version of this paper is available from: http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v12n1/en/abstract?article+bn01212022012 A versão on-line completa deste artigo está disponível em: http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v12n2/pt/abstract?article+bn01212022012 Received/ Recebido em 05/09/11 - Revised/ Versão reformulada recebida em 24/04/12 - Accepted/ Publicado em 24/02/12 ISSN 1676-0603 (on-line) Biota Neotropica is an electronic, peer-reviewed journal edited by the Program BIOTA/FAPESP: The Virtual Institute of Biodiversity. This journal’s aim is to disseminate the results of original research work, associated or not to the program, concerned with characterization, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity within the Neotropical region. Biota Neotropica é uma revista do Programa BIOTA/FAPESP - O Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade, que publica resultados de pesquisa original, vinculada ou não ao programa, que abordem a temática caracterização, conservação e uso sustentável da biodiversidade na região Neotropical.
    [Show full text]
  • Vegetation Survey of Mount Gorongosa
    VEGETATION SURVEY OF MOUNT GORONGOSA Tom Müller, Anthony Mapaura, Bart Wursten, Christopher Chapano, Petra Ballings & Robin Wild 2008 (published 2012) Occasional Publications in Biodiversity No. 23 VEGETATION SURVEY OF MOUNT GORONGOSA Tom Müller, Anthony Mapaura, Bart Wursten, Christopher Chapano, Petra Ballings & Robin Wild 2008 (published 2012) Occasional Publications in Biodiversity No. 23 Biodiversity Foundation for Africa P.O. Box FM730, Famona, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe Vegetation Survey of Mt Gorongosa, page 2 SUMMARY Mount Gorongosa is a large inselberg almost 700 sq. km in extent in central Mozambique. With a vertical relief of between 900 and 1400 m above the surrounding plain, the highest point is at 1863 m. The mountain consists of a Lower Zone (mainly below 1100 m altitude) containing settlements and over which the natural vegetation cover has been strongly modified by people, and an Upper Zone in which much of the natural vegetation is still well preserved. Both zones are very important to the hydrology of surrounding areas. Immediately adjacent to the mountain lies Gorongosa National Park, one of Mozambique's main conservation areas. A key issue in recent years has been whether and how to incorporate the upper parts of Mount Gorongosa above 700 m altitude into the existing National Park, which is primarily lowland. [These areas were eventually incorporated into the National Park in 2010.] In recent years the unique biodiversity and scenic beauty of Mount Gorongosa have come under severe threat from the destruction of natural vegetation. This is particularly acute as regards moist evergreen forest, the loss of which has accelerated to alarming proportions.
    [Show full text]
  • HAWAII and SOUTH PACIFIC ISLANDS REGION - 2016 NWPL FINAL RATINGS U.S
    HAWAII and SOUTH PACIFIC ISLANDS REGION - 2016 NWPL FINAL RATINGS U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LABORATORY (CRREL) - 2013 Ratings Lichvar, R.W. 2016. The National Wetland Plant List: 2016 wetland ratings. User Notes: 1) Plant species not listed are considered UPL for wetland delineation purposes. 2) A few UPL species are listed because they are rated FACU or wetter in at least one Corps region. Scientific Name Common Name Hawaii Status South Pacific Agrostis canina FACU Velvet Bent Islands Status Agrostis capillaris UPL Colonial Bent Abelmoschus moschatus FAC Musk Okra Agrostis exarata FACW Spiked Bent Abildgaardia ovata FACW Flat-Spike Sedge Agrostis hyemalis FAC Winter Bent Abrus precatorius FAC UPL Rosary-Pea Agrostis sandwicensis FACU Hawaii Bent Abutilon auritum FACU Asian Agrostis stolonifera FACU Spreading Bent Indian-Mallow Ailanthus altissima FACU Tree-of-Heaven Abutilon indicum FAC FACU Monkeybush Aira caryophyllea FACU Common Acacia confusa FACU Small Philippine Silver-Hair Grass Wattle Albizia lebbeck FACU Woman's-Tongue Acaena exigua OBL Liliwai Aleurites moluccanus FACU Indian-Walnut Acalypha amentacea FACU Alocasia cucullata FACU Chinese Taro Match-Me-If-You-Can Alocasia macrorrhizos FAC Giant Taro Acalypha poiretii UPL Poiret's Alpinia purpurata FACU Red-Ginger Copperleaf Alpinia zerumbet FACU Shellplant Acanthocereus tetragonus UPL Triangle Cactus Alternanthera ficoidea FACU Sanguinaria Achillea millefolium UPL Common Yarrow Alternanthera sessilis FAC FACW Sessile Joyweed Achyranthes
    [Show full text]