30—Earth Materials and Their Uses

SCIENCE DETECTIVE® Beginning Earth Science

A 1The earth is made up of a variety made of a single element. 19Can you give of materials, such as rocks, minerals, two examples of metals used to build and metals. 2People can use these things like bridges and automobiles? resources in many ways—but first, they F 20People also use the earth as a have to get them. source of energy. 21For example, the B 3We get many earth materials by inside of the earth is so hot that digging into the earth’s crust. 4The its heat can be used to boil water. earth’s crust is a thin layer of solid 22Boiling water makes steam. 23Steam rock that makes up the earth’s outer is a force that can be used to produce layer. 5It is about 20 miles (32 km) electricity. 24The energy in hot water thick. can also be used to heat homes. 25Some of the earth’s minerals are also used 6Rock is made of one or more C as a source of energy. 26For example, minerals stuck together. 7Minerals radioactive elements like uranium are solid, nonliving are used to produce nuclear energy. substances found in the Formation 27Fossil fuels like fuel oil and coal also earth’s crust. 8A mineral of Rocks come from the earth. is made of elements element and compounds. 9For G 28The water that covers most of example, limestone is the surface of the earth is another a mineral made up of mineral natural resource. 29We use the oceans calcium, carbon, and in transporting goods and people by oxygen. 10An element boat. 30If necessary, we can remove rock 31 is a basic substance the salt to make drinking water. We made of only one kind of can even use the motion of ocean waves matter. to produce electricity. D 11People use rocks to build things, H 32The circle graph below shows such as stone walls. 12Rocks are also the major elements that make up the used to make other building materials, earth’s crust. 33About how much of the such as concrete. earth’s crust is made up of oxygen? E 13Minerals have many uses. 14For example, table salt is used to make 15 Elements That Make Up food taste better. Minerals such as The Earth‛s Crust diamonds and gemstones are used to 16 make jewelry. Because they are so All others hard, diamonds are also used in drills Iron or cutting machines. 17Coins used to be Aluminum Oxygen made from pure materials such as gold Silicon and silver. 18Each of these metals is

1. For each statement, circle T 5. Use the Elements that Make Up or F for true or false. In each the Earth’s Crust pie chart in the blank, write the number of the lesson to answer the following SENTENCE that gives the best questions. evidence for your answer. a. Which element is there most of a. Diamonds are used in drills to in the earth’s crust? make them more attractive. T F ___ How can you tell from the pie b. An element can be broken down chart? into compounds. T F ___ c. The motion of ocean waves b. Which element is there less of, produces a force. T F ___ iron or aluminum?

2. What is the most likely meaning of pure as it is used in sentence 17? Why is this difficult to answer? a. unmixed c. dirty b. mixed d. valuable c. The earth’s crust has over 90 3. Sodium chloride is a mineral elements. Why do you think the made up of two elements, sodium pie chart in the lesson shows and chlorine. Therefore, sodium only a few of these? Use a chloride is complete sentence to explain a. an element. your answer. b. an atom. c. a compound.

d. a rock.

4. The metal copper is made up of only one kind of matter. 6. Complete the flow chart below Therefore, copper is to show what makes up a rock, a. an element. starting with its most complex part to its simplest. Use these terms: b. an atom. mineral c. a compound. compound d. a rock. rock element

Lesson 30, pp. 64–65 1. a. F 16, b. F 10, c. T 31 2. a 3. c 4. a 5. a. oxygen It is the largest piece. b. iron The pieces look close to the same size. c. Some of the pieces would be too small to see. 6.

rock mineral compound element