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Laboratory Ventilation Safety J. Scott Ward

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Laboratory Ventilation Safety J. Scott Ward LaboratoryLaboratory VentilationVentilation SafetySafety J.J. ScottScott WardWard LabconcoLabconco CorporationCorporation In 1925, Laboratory Construction Company was born. The first product was a Kjeldahl Nitrogen Determination Apparatus. We may have shortened our name, but we’ve expanded our horizons. We offer 16 different product lines to universities, research centers, hospitals, general laboratories and governmental agencies around the world. LaboratoryLaboratory VentilationVentilation LaboratoryLaboratory VentilationVentilation ProductsProducts HistoryHistory ofof FumeFume HoodsHoods z Thomas Edison Laboratories z Fireplace and chimney z Shelves outside the window z “fume cupboard” University of Thomas Edison invented the Leads, England 1923 incandescent light bulb in 1879. Thomas Edison, circa 1900 University of Leeds, England - 1923 EvolutionEvolution RevolutionRevolution Fiberglass 28, circa 1960 First Labconco Hood 1936 Fiberglass 28, circa 1960 Protector Hood Line, 2002 Radioisotope, 1980’s Fiberglass Walk-In, 1970’s DefinitionDefinition ofof aa FumeFume HoodHood A ventilated enclosure where harmful or toxic fumes or vapors can be safely handled while protecting the laboratory technician. PurposePurpose ofof aa FumeFume HoodHood The primary function of a fume hood is to capture, Video 9 contain and remove airborne contaminants. PurposePurpose ofof aa FumeFume HoodHood Fume hoods provide operator safety by drawing air away from CVideo 11 the operator and into the fume hood. FaceFace VelocityVelocity Exhaust Air Definition:Definition: Airflow into a hood is achieved by an exhaust blower which “pulls” air from the laboratory room into and through the hood and exhaust system. This “pull” at the opening of the hood is Room Air measured as face velocity.. AirAir VolumeVolume Air volume passing through a fume hood is generally equal to the area of the sash opening multiplied by the average velocity desired. For example, if 100 feet per minute (fpm) is required and the hood has a sash opening of 7.5 square feet, then the hood’s air volume is 750 (7.5 x 100) cubic feet per minute (CFM). DesignDesign ComponentsComponents AirAir FoilFoil Aerodynamic sash opening directs airflow into hood and across work surface with minimum turbulence helping to ensure fume containment. DesignDesign ComponentsComponents The SASH controls the area of the fume hood which is open. It protects the operator and controls hood face velocities. Glass options include tempered or laminated. SashSash SafetySafety Sash:Sash: PhysicalPhysical BarrierBarrier Vertical-rising Horizontal-sliding Combination sash sashes (vertical and horizontal sashes) DesignDesign ComponentsComponents The BAFFLE controls the pattern of the air moving into and through the fume hood Baffles are either fixed (left photo) or adjustable (right photo). Fixed Baffle Adjustable Baffle TypesTypes ofof FumeFume HoodsHoods • Conventional • By-Pass • Auxiliary-Air • Reduced Air Volume • Variable Air Volume • High Performance ConventionalConventional FumeFume HoodHood • Most basic hood design • Operates at constant exhaust volume • Face velocity increases as sash is lowered Fiberglass 28 Hood on Acid Storage Cabinet ConventionalConventional FumeFume HoodHood Exhaust Air By-Pass Block Exhaust Air Room Air Room Air With Sash Open With Sash Nearly Closed ByBy--PassPass FumeFume HoodHood •• Relatively constant face velocity •• As sash is closed, hood draws air through bypass openings, maintaining excellent containment ByBy--PassPass FumeFume HoodHood Exhaust Air Exhaust Air By-Pass Openings Room Air Room Air With Sash Open With Sash Nearly Closed AuxiliaryAuxiliary--AirAir FumeFume HoodHood •• BringsBrings inin betweenbetween 5050--70%70% ofof airair volumevolume fromfrom outsideoutside laboratorylaboratory •• MayMay bebe usedused toto augmentaugment insufficientinsufficient roomroom airair •• ReducesReduces consumptionconsumption ofof fullyfully temperedtempered roomroom airair ••Requires two duct and blower systems ••Balance between air systems essential AuxiliaryAuxiliary AirAir FumeFume HoodHood •• Requires two remote blowers– one to Aux. Air exhaust and one to Blower supply air •• Bonnet directs Remote Blower uniform and continuous air flow •• Exhaust and Auxiliary Air blower systems must be I Bonnet nter-locked AuxiliaryAuxiliary AirAir FumeFume HoodHood Auxiliary Auxiliary Outside Air Outside Air Exhaust Air Exhaust Air Bonnet Room Air Room Air With Sash Open With Sash Nearly Closed SpecialSpecial PurposePurpose HoodsHoods • Perchloric Acid/Acid Digestion • Radioisotope • Floor-Mounted • Canopy • Educational • HOPEC IV StainlessStainless SteelSteel PerchloricPerchloric AcidAcid FumeFume HoodHood Wash Down Requires dedicated System Control exhaust duct with wash down system Seamless one piece Type Integral 316 stainless drain trough steel liner including work surface PVCPVC PerchloricPerchloric AcidAcid FumeFume HoodHood Wash down Requires dedicated system control exhaust duct with wash down system Type I PVC Seamless one liner piece liner including Integral drain work surface trough RadioisotopeRadioisotope FumeFume HoodHood DedicatedDedicated exhaustexhaust systemsystem isis recommendedrecommended** TypeType 304304 stainlessstainless steelsteel interiorinterior *Work*Work SurfaceSurface withwith integralintegral cupsinkcupsink * Consult local regulatory agencies for usage recommendations CanopyCanopy HoodHood • Vents non-toxic materials such as steam, heat and noxious odors • May be mounted on a wall or suspended from ceiling • Install less than 12" above equipment to be ventilated FloorFloor--MountedMounted FumeFume HoodsHoods • By-pass airflow design • Mount on floor permitting roll-in loading of heavy or bulk apparatus • Additional interior height to accommodate large apparatus • Aerodynamic sash foil * Operator should never stand inside hood while fumes are being generated. XVSXVS VentilationVentilation StationsStations Applications:Applications: • Student work station • Balance enclosure • Light duty fume hood • Solvent cleaning bay • Veterinary pathology/cytology hood • Forensics/ latent fingerprint hood VS Station atop accessory work surface CarbonCarbon FilteredFiltered EnclosuresEnclosures AA portable,portable, selfself--containedcontained enclosureenclosure forfor vaporsvapors andand fumes,fumes, whichwhich requiresrequires nono ducting.ducting. • Applications include processes involving odors and unsafe concentrations of: 9 Organic solvents 9 Formaldehyde 9 Acid gases 9 Ammonia PlanningPlanning LaboratoryLaboratory SpaceSpace • Location • Identify airflow configurations • Adequate supply air • Supply air diffuser location • Balanced HVAC system • Air changes (4-12 or 16 per hour for high risk) • Energy conservation varies geographically • * 300 CFM = 1 ton of air conditioning or $4 to $7 dollars/CFM PlanningPlanning LaboratoryLaboratory SpaceSpace Each hood affects a room’s Alternate Hood ventilation and traffic flow, so Location everything must be considered when planning lab space. Air Supply Air Supply Register Register Corridor Airflow Hood Casework Block register opening facing hood MonitorsMonitors Digital American National Analog Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard Z9.5 requires the use of an airflow monitor, a device that gives warning (by a visible or audible signal, or both) when the airflow through the hood has deviated from a predetermined level. FumeFume HoodHood PerformancePerformance TestsTests •• SmokeSmoke •• FaceFace VelocityVelocity •• ASHRAEASHRAE 110110--9595 •• SEFASEFA FaceFace VelocityVelocity AverageAverage faceface velocityvelocity isis calculatedcalculated byby dividingdividing thethe sashsash openingopening intointo oneone--footfoot squares.squares. VelocityVelocity readingsreadings areare takentaken inin eacheach gridgrid areaarea andand averaged.averaged. ASHRAEASHRAE 110110--9595 ThreeThree partpart testtest –– notnot aa pass/failpass/fail •• FaceFace velocityvelocity profileprofile •• SmokeSmoke generationgeneration -- TitaniumTitanium tetrachloridetetrachloride •• TracerTracer gasgas containmentcontainment -- SulfurSulfur hexafluoridehexafluoride (released(released atat 44 liters/min.)liters/min.) ASHRAE Test on Floor Mounted Hood LaboratoryLaboratory VentilationVentilation StandardsStandards FederalFederal RegisterRegister 2929 CFRCFR PartPart 19101910 Non-mandatory recommendation from “Prudent Practices” •• FumeFume hoodshoods shouldshould havehave aa continuouscontinuous monitoringmonitoring devicedevice •• FaceFace velocitiesvelocities shouldshould bebe betweenbetween 6060--100100 linearlinear feetfeet perper minuteminute •• AverageAverage 2.52.5 linearlinear feetfeet ofof hoodhood spacespace perper personperson LaboratoryLaboratory VentilationVentilation StandardsStandards IndustrialIndustrial VentilationVentilation -- ACGIHACGIH •• FumeFume hoodhood faceface velocitiesvelocities betweenbetween 6060--100100 fpmfpm •• MaximumMaximum ofof 125125 fpmfpm forfor radioisotoperadioisotope hoodshoods •• DuctDuct velocitiesvelocities ofof 10001000--20002000 fpmfpm forfor vapors,vapors, gassesgasses andand smokesmoke •• StackStack dischargedischarge heightheight 1.31.3--2.02.0 xx buildingbuilding heightheight •• WellWell designeddesigned fumefume hoodhood containmentcontainment lossloss <0.10<0.10 ppmppm BIOLOGICAL SAFETY CABINET OPERATION Scott Ward LABCONCO CORP. WorkingWorking inin BiologicalBiological SafetySafety CabinetsCabinets PlanningPlanningPlanning ThoroughlyThoroughly understandunderstand proceduresprocedures andand equipmentequipment
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