Replication-Competent Non-Human Viruses for Use in Clinical Gene Therapy
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REPLICATION‐COMPETENT NON‐HUMAN VIRUSES FOR USE IN CLINICAL GENE THERAPY: AN INVENTORY STUDY December 21, 2010 Danijela Koppers‐Lalic, PhD Rob C. Hoeben, PhD Department of Molecular Cell Biology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden, the Netherlands Page 2 of 155 CONTENTS: SAMENVATTING ........................................................................................................................................................................ 5 SUMMARY.................................................................................................................................................................................. 7 INTRODUCTION AND OUTLINE OF THIS STUDY ........................................................................................................................ 9 METHODS ................................................................................................................................................................................ 12 RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................................. 13 Table 1: Non‐human DNA viruses .................................................................................................................... 14 Table 2: Non‐human RNA viruses..................................................................................................................... 15 Figure 1. Outline of ERA elements for non‐GMO viruses ........................................................................... 17 Box 1: Issues to be covered in the ERA ............................................................................................................. 18 Table 3: Viruses for which veterinarian vaccines are available ................................................................... 20 Viruses placed in the ‘High’ relative environmental risk category................................................. 20 Viruses placed in the ‘Negligible’ relative environmental risk category....................................... 21 RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................................................................................................. 23 DESCRIPTION OF THERAPEUTIC VIRUSES................................................................................................................................24 Family Poxviridae ................................................................................................................................................. 24 Genus Orthopoxvirus .............................................................................................................................. 25 Genus Leporipoxvirus............................................................................................................................. 28 Genus Yatapoxvirus................................................................................................................................. 32 Genus Avipoxvirus .................................................................................................................................. 34 Family Herpesviridae............................................................................................................................................ 38 Genus Varicellovirus............................................................................................................................... 39 Bovine herpesvirus 1............................................................................................................. 39 Suid herpesvirus 1................................................................................................................. 42 Genus Rhadinovirus................................................................................................................................45 Herpesvirus saimiri............................................................................................................... 45 Bovine herpesvirus 4............................................................................................................. 48 Family Baculoviridae............................................................................................................................................ 56 Family Parvoviridae ............................................................................................................................................. 58 Genus Parvovirus ..................................................................................................................................... 58 Rodent parvovirus H‐1 & Minute virus of mice .............................................................. 58 Feline panleukopenia virus ................................................................................................. 63 Family Birnaviridae .............................................................................................................................................. 67 Family Reoviridae ................................................................................................................................................. 72 Family Paramyxoviridae...................................................................................................................................... 75 Genus Avulavirus .................................................................................................................................... 76 Genus Respirovirus ................................................................................................................................. 88 Family Rhabdoviridae .......................................................................................................................................... 98 Genus Vesiculovirus................................................................................................................................98 Vesicular stomatitis virus..................................................................................................... 98 Maraba virus......................................................................................................................... 101 Family Coronaviridae......................................................................................................................................... 105 Genus Coronavirus ................................................................................................................................ 106 Mouse Hepatitis virus......................................................................................................... 106 Feline Coronavirus .............................................................................................................. 109 Family Picornaviridae ........................................................................................................................................ 114 Genus Enterovirus.................................................................................................................................. 115 Genus Senecavirus................................................................................................................................. 118 Genus Cardiovirus ................................................................................................................................. 124 Family Togaviridae ............................................................................................................................................. 129 Genus Alphavirus .................................................................................................................................. 130 Sindbis virus......................................................................................................................... 130 Semliki Forest virus ............................................................................................................ 133 Family Retroviridae ............................................................................................................................................ 139 Genus Gammaretrovirus....................................................................................................................... 141 Genus Spumavirus................................................................................................................................. 147 APPENDIX 1............................................................................................................................................................................ 151 Page 3 of 155 The reliability of the information compiled for this study and its conclusions are the sole responsibility of the authors. The information contained in this report does not necessarily represent the views of the COGEM or the Leiden University Medical Center. Page 4 of 155 SAMENVATTING Alle levende organismen worden blootgesteld aan een verscheidenheid van virussen. Virussen infecteren gewoonlijk één of een beperkt aantal gastheersoorten. In zeldzame gevallen vinden infecties buiten de natuurlijke gastheersoorten plaats. Dit kan zich in deze nieuwe gastheer manifesteren als een nieuwe ziekte. In zeer zeldzame gevallen kan het virus zich blijvende vestigen in de nieuwe gastheersoort. In dit licht is voorzichtigheid geboden wanneer niet‐humane virussen, of hiervan afgeleide genetisch‐gemodificeerde virussen,