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Mall Times October 2007

The Funeral of Welcome from the Superintendent Jerry Hawn Park Ranger The National Mall & Memorial Parks is where In recent for the whole country. Lee, who day break in Philadelphia signaled America and the world come years, park was serving as a Virginia the beginning of funeral events on to reflect, honor, and rangers on Congressman, had been an officer the 26th, and volleys repeated on a celebrate. As part of the the National with the Revolutionary forces and a half hour basis through out the National Park System, we Mall were close associate of Washington for morning. Troops assembled at the actively many years. He gave his speech on State House as people came from provide opportunities for use involved December 26, 1799. Mr. Lee’s words the surrounding countryside to and enjoyment of the park for with funerals still echo with Americans after over observe the ceremony. The all while preserving the for former two centuries: splendid and somber march, cultural and natural treasures President accompanied by the sounding of of our nation’s capital for Reagan and “First in war, first in peace and muffled drums, proceeded through former President Ford. These first in the hearts of his Philadelphia a little past noon. A future generations. Every one events seemed to overtake the countrymen, he was second to riderless horse, escorted by two of us is dedicated to serving, emotions of the nation for several none in the humble and marines wearing black scarves, educating, and inspiring days and even weeks. As you stand endearing scenes of private life. preceded the clergy. In the visitors about the memorials at the base of the Washington Pious, just, humane, temperate Pennsylvania Gazette it was Monument and reflect on the life and sincere—uniform, dignified reported that the horse carried an and their place in our national of George Washington, how do and commanding—his example empty saddle, holsters, pistols, and heritage. I know you will you think the nation responded to was as edifying to all around boots reversed in the stirrups. The enjoy the many interpretative his death? him as were the effects of that horse also was “trimmed with black programs provided by park On December 14, 1799, George example lasting. . . . Correct the head festooned with elegant Washington died at his estate at throughout, vice shuddered in black and white feathers - the rangers and I hope that your Mount Vernon, Virginia. The his presence and virtue always American Eagle displayed in a visit to the National Mall & nation had to deal with the loss of felt his fostering hand. The upon the breast, and in a feather Memorial Parks will be a a true leader of the young nation. purity of his private character upon the head." In the midst of the wonderful experience. Washington led the troops to gave effulgence to his public procession, pallbearers carried an victory. He advanced the process of virtues. . . . Such was the man empty casket. Arriving at the Ger- creating the new form of for whom our nation mourns.” man Lutheran Church, the bier was Stephen Lorenzetti government. He became the first put in the middle of the center Acting Superintendent leader for a newly formed Mock funerals were held all over aisle, and members of Congress and National Mall & Memorial Parks government. Now…this man was the country. Perhaps, the most other participants heard prayers by gone. How would the nation react? memorable of these funerals took the Reverend William White, a Some of the most well known place on December 26, 1799, in bishop of the Episcopal Church in words describing George Philadelphia, which was serving as the . Congressman Washington came in a eulogy the nation’s “temporary” capital Henry Lee read his eulogy from delivered by "Light-Horse Harry" for 10 years while the new federal above before a crowd reported to Lee. After hearing of Washington's city was being constructed. The be. The memorial service death, the many mock funerals took place concluded with vocal and which was meeting in Philadelphia, over a period of several weeks. instrumental music, and the firing chose Mr. Lee to deliver a tribute The firing of sixteen cannons at of three volleys.

National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Ranger Programs General Information National Mall & Memorial Parks 900 SW National Mall Bicycle Tours Page 2 Tickets Page 4 Washington, DC 20024 Walking Tours Page 2,3 Ford’s Theatre Page 4 Park Trivia Questions Page 2 Old Post Office Tower Page 4 Phone: (202) 233-3520 Urban Campfire Programs Page 3 Park Trivia Answers Page 4 Internet: www..nps.gov/nama Daily Ranger Programs Page 4 www.nps.gov/mall

Radio: 1670 am

National Mall & Memorial Parks Newspaper • October 2007, Volume 1 Issue 2 Bike Tours Sunday, October 21 Saturday, October 20 People of DC Walking Tour: Constitution Join Rangers every Saturday and Sunday for Famous Names, Extraordinary Avenue Past and Present FREE guided bike tours of the Nation’s Capital. All tours start at Stories 10:00 a.m. 2-3 hours 1:00 p.m. from the Thomas Plaza (at the base of the memorial steps) and last approximately three hours. All See tour description for Saturday, Wars, Presidents, Parks, and Canals riders must have their own bike, helmet, and water. Call Ranger October 13. have something in common. Lace up your favorite walking shoes and Jason Martz for more information (202)438-4391. Saturday, October 27 explore with Unexplored Tales of the City National Park Service Rangers. As Truth is Always More you explore one of the significant Fascinating than Fiction avenues of the Nation’s Capital, learn the history of the area as well The truth surrounding the as view some of the landmarks that Presidents of the United States; make Washington D.C. a city for all strokes, heart attacks, depression, ages. Meet the rangers at the 17th gout, dysentery, or worse. They’re street entrance to the WWII human too, but their job Memorial. Please bring water, description often hides the truth comfortable shoes, sunscreen, and a from the public. Were you taught hat. For more information contact that George Washington cut down Joshua Bernick at (240) 375-5349. a cherry tree or wrote his Gettysburg Address on Saturday, October 27 the back of an envelope while Working for Equality: Women riding a train? The truth regarding in 20th Century Wartime these and other misunderstood and America fictitious legends is just the 1:00 p.m. 2 hours beginning concerning these tours. These tours prove once and for all “Women who stepped up were that true American history is measured as citizens of the nation, stranger than fictitious American not as women . . .” The role of history. women in American History has changed significantly over time. Saturday, October 6 Saturday, October 13 Sunday, October 28 Join National Park Service Rangers Off the Beaten Path People of DC History of the Mall for this tour as they explore the Discover Lonely and Famous Names, Extraordinary Explore the History of lives and efforts of notable women Overlooked Landmarks Stories America’s Front Yard of the 20th Century as they worked for change, broke boundaries, and You may have seen them on a map, Get to know the people behind the The history of the National Mall is redefined long standing traditional driven past them hundreds of city. See and hear how the as diverse and fascinating as the roles. Meet at the Vietnam times, or even walked up to one of influential personalities of history of our nation itself. From Veterans Memorial kiosk. Contact them out of curiosity. What are Washington, DC have affected the George Washington’s vision of the Stacy Shannon for more informa- they, who do they memorialize, city, the , the Federal City to the District of tion (240) 375-3004. and, more importantly, why are architecture, and the culture of the Columbia of today, how has this they here? In a city full of colossal Nation’s Capital over time. span of green space in the heart of and iconic memorials to great men Presidents, First Ladies, Governors the Nation’s Capital been altered National Mall & Memorial and even greater deeds, these and Mayors, authors, poets, famous over time? How has this area been Parks Trivia statues, urns, and symbolic gestures and infamous characters alike have influenced by great natural, of friendship and remembrance can helped shape the history of cultural, historical, and social events be found all over DC, yet, their Washington, DC. These people through time? Come see and hear 1. Who was the President of the stories have gone largely untold, have helped influence, not only the how The National Mall has evolved United States when construction until now. Find out the stories of city, but the entire nation. These into what you experience today. started on the Washington these lonely landmarks from our are their stories. Monument? Rangers. Walking Tours 2. Who laid out the city of Sunday, October 7 Thursday, October 11 Washington and what was the Unexplored Tales of the City First Woman of the World: original name? “All Quiet Along the Potomac Eleanor Roosevelt in 20th Tonight:” The Battle of Ball’s Century America 3. What was the original name of Bluff 1:00 p.m. 1-2 hours Constitution Avenue?

On October 21, 1861, the Civil War Eleanor Roosevelt left her mark on 4. How tall is the statue of Battle of Ball’s Bluff raged just a many causes and left a lasting Thomas Jefferson inside the few dozen miles from Washington impression of the role of the First Thomas Jefferson Memorial? City near a bend in the Potomac Lady. Get to know the effects she River. Immediately in the wake of Sunday, October 14 had on the country as her own 5. What future president was at this Union disaster, Washington History of the Mall woman, as First Lady, and her the Washington Monument ground politicians commenced the usual Washington during the Second impact on the FDR Administration. breaking? game of finger pointing, World War Join National Park Service Rangers backstabbing, and fault finding in for this special program on the 6. Whose portrait hangs on the their search for a scapegoat. Threats of assassination, air raids, anniversary of the former First presidential box at Ford’s Would they blame the President, and sabotage filtered through Lady’s birthday. Please meet at the Theatre? the Secretary of War, the every layer of Washington society entrance to the FDR Memorial. commanding general, or the senior and government during the Contact Stacy Shannon for more 7. True or False? Was Abraham officer on the field? Who would uncertain years of 1941-1945. information (240) 375-3004. Lincoln the keynote speaker at the take the fall? This tour will focus Explore the sites of the Nation’s opening of the Gettysburg National on how this small-scale, yet Capital through the words and Cemetery? fascinating, military engagement thoughts of those who led and served the United States war effort forever altered the course of the 8. How many Presidents are during World War II. and affected quoted on the granite walls of the the life of everyone associated with World War II Memorial? Saturday, October 20 it - for better or for worse. Off the Beaten Path Answers on page 4 Discover Lonely and Overlooked Landmarks

See tour description for Saturday, October 6.

2 Mall Times Washington, DC and the Wednesday, October 3 Wednesday, October 24, Evening Walking Tours National Mall: Permanent Park Ranger Heidi Dietze Park Ranger Shunda Yates Location, Changing Vision Come out and enjoy National From Election to Infection: For Coloreds Only? Mall & Memorial Parks at night Friday October 19 Illnesses in the The Legacy of Martin Luther as our Rangers present 7:00 p.m. King, Jr. numerous evening interpretive Being President of the United programs. These programs will Why was this location chosen States can be dangerous to your Was King’s struggle for blacks take you to familiar locations for the last of America’s eleven health. Over two-thirds of the alone-or does it represent a that you will never see the same capitals? How has the purpose nation’s Presidents have died fulfillment of the founders’ way again! All tours are two and meaning of the two mile prematurely, from various vision for everyone? Focusing hours in length, and are free of space between the Lincoln ailments brought on by stress to on the 1963 March on charge. Read each description Memorial and the Capitol being struck down by an Washington for Jobs and to find out more and where to changed over time? To discover assassin’s bullet. We will Freedom and the signing of the meet. that answer, meet at the examine the medical history 1964 Civil Rights Bill, this entrance to the Washington behind some of our more program traces the evolution of How birthed Monument. Call Ranger Lowell illustrious leaders and also assess the struggle for freedom, Monty Python or Three Fry (202)438-9603 for more how these medical conditions equality, and acceptance. How Memorials in One Evening information. impacted stateside and do the struggles of the life and international politics. times of Dr. Martin Luther King, Friday October 12 Tracing the path of an Jr. resonate among us today? 7:00 p.m. uneasy peace: 20th century Wednesday, October 10 How has the legacy of this great warfare in America Park Ranger Jennifer Epstein man of peace guided us into the How did the deaths of over 14 present while simultaneously million persons ironically Sunday October 7, 14, 21, 28 “Is He Really Buried There:” leading all of us into the future? produce someone like Monty 7:00 p.m. The Search for Fifty-Six What will his memorial on the Python? How does a small American Heroes National Mall proclaim to the obscure monument, which The 20th Century was a violent world for all time?

commemorates one of the great time that included two world “Traitors” to the Crown, th events of the 20 century, wars and a cold war. These Continental Congress delegates connect to the heavily visited events would cost the United voted to declare independence Franklin Delano Roosevelt and States dearly in lives but would from Great Britain on July 2, World War II Memorials? How shape our present, and our 1776 and subsequently to adopt Walking Tours did the assassination of an future, on the world stage. a Declaration of Independence archduke, nearly 100 years ago, How did our involvement in the document on the Fourth of July. lead to current events in the Great War affect our mindset as Find out more about the fifty-six A hat, good walking shoes, and United States and the world? we entered World War II? How men who heroically signed the some water is recommended. Meet at the World War II do these two conflicts stand in document - their own death For more information call: (202) 606-8691. Memorial information booth. contrast with the Cold War era warrant - and where they are Call Ranger Lowell Fry struggles in Korea and Vietnam? now! Learn how often the (202)438-9603 for more The outcome of these defining question, “is he really buried Political and Economic information. 20th century events can still be there,” is asked - and the Influence on the felt today. Tour begins at the surprising answers. How do Pennsylvania Avenue Who Won the Civil War? World War II Memorial Ranger these stories connect to a little Landscape Slavery, Causes, station. For more information, known memorial on the 3:00 p.m.: October 6 Consequences, and Steps call Ranger Paul O’Brian at National Mall and to the toward Reconstruction (202) 438-7066. creation of the United States of Monuments Off the Mall America? 10:00 a.m.: October 7 Friday October 5 and 26 7:00 p.m. Urban Campfire Programs Wednesday, October 17 Street of Fire Park Ranger Jerry Hawn 3:00 p.m.: October 7 The obvious answer to that Sylvan Theater question is only partially correct. Washington Monument The Thomas Jefferson Memo- Do You Have An Opinion Why has this conflict, that took Grounds rial: A Memorial Created About Washington, DC? over 620,000 American lives, Through Rebellion 10:00 a.m.: October 3 (the last Civil War veteran died Wednesdays in October only fifty years ago) been 7:30 p.m. The Thomas Jefferson Memorial America's Avenue of Glory termed “our felt history”? We was constructed to honor one of and Sorrow have to start at the Washington Spend the evening in our the men that led a “Rebellion 10:00 a.m.: October 6 and 20

Monument to find out! Meet Nation’s Capital and experience for American Independence.” 3:00 p.m.: October 13 and 27 on the west side (the side facing your National Mall & Memorial Learn about the “Rebellion” the ) of the Parks in a unique and that was a part of the creation Washington Monument. Call interesting way. Bring of the Thomas Jefferson Ranger Lowell Fry comfortable chairs or blankets Memorial. In addition, discover (202) 438-9603 for more and spend an hour on the the fascinating details about the information. Washington Monument designer of this great memorial grounds in front of the historic and other interesting places Sylvan Theater at 15th Street and throughout Washington, D.C. Independence Avenue, SW. and the United States. Finally, Also, bring what you know discover some important truths about the history of the United about that “rebellious” States and Washington, D.C. document that Thomas

and be prepared to learn new Jefferson wrote…the . ways of seeing our great Declaration of Independence. national icons. Hear fascinating, yet largely overlooked, tales about our and its National Park Service sites.

3 Mall Times Daily Ranger Programs The Washington Monument

Join National Park Service Rangers to learn more about the Open daily (except July 4 and December 25. Monument meaning, symbolism, and significance of the park’s many Lodge opens at 8:30a.m. All persons who wish to visit the memorials. No prior signup is required and all programs are Monument must have a ticket. One person may pick up to free. Program length varies. For more information contact a six tickets. Park Ranger at each memorial. Programs are offered at the following memorials… Free timed tickets may be obtained in two ways:

World War II Memorial • Tickets may be picked up at the Washington Monument th Lincoln Memorial Lodge (located at the base of the Monument along 15 Thomas Jefferson Memorial Street) on a first come - first serve basis, the morning of Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial your visit. Vietnam Veterans Memorial Korean War Veterans Memorial • Tickets may be reserved ahead of time by visiting www.reservations.gov or by calling 1-877-444-6777 (for Scheduled Programs are individuals) or 1-877-559-6777 (for large groups). Presented at: 11:00 a.m., 1:00 p.m., 3:00 p.m., 5:00 p.m.

**Additional programs on request

Park Partners

Want to learn more about the National Mall & Memorial Parks? Eastern National a park partner operates four book- stores throughout the park. The bookstores are located at:

Lincoln Memorial Open 9:00 a.m. - 8:00 p.m.

Jefferson Memorial Open 9:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. *Note: Groups may only make reservations by calling Franklin Delano Roosevelt 1-877-559-6777. Reserved tickets are often booked 30 days Memorial ahead of time during peak times (spring, summer, weekends, Open 9:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. and holidays). Please plan accordingly. All reserved tickets carry a small surcharge for each ticket. Washington Monument Lodge Open 8:30 a.m. - 8:00 p.m. Ford’s Theatre NHS

The evening of April 14, hope and peace in Washing- 1865, has forever been ton and around the country marked with tragedy. On turned to a period of that night, our 16th mourning that America had President, Abraham Lincoln, never seen before. “Monuments, and reservations, which purpose is to was assassinated in Ford’s conserve the scenery and the natural and historic Theatre by actor John Wilkes objects and the wildlife therein and to provide for the Booth. Just days after enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such General Lee’s Confederate means as will leave them unimpaired for the troops surrendered at enjoyment of future generations.” Appomattox, VA, a time of

National Park Service Organic Act Ford’s Theatre is closed for renovations. Peterson House is open daily 9 a.m. - 5 p.m. -August 25, 1916- Old Post Office Tower NHS The Old Post Office, built between 1892 and 1899, is home to the Bells of Congress, which were a present from England on our Nation’s Bicentennial. From the observation deck, located 270 feet above the street level, the visitor can get a spectacular view of our nation’s capital. Answers to Trivia from page 2 Operating Hours 1. James K. Polk 2. Pierre Charles L'Enfant: The Federal City Summer: Begins 1st weekend in 3. B Street NW June through , 9:00 a.m. - 4. 19 Feet 7:45 p.m. (Monday through Friday) 5. Abraham Lincoln Saturday, Sunday and Holidays 6. George Washington 10 a.m. to 5:45 p.m. 7. False 8. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, Winter: (Labor Day through Dwight D. Eisenhower. ): 9:00 a.m. - 4:45 p.m. Monday through Saturday. Sunday 10 a.m. to 5:45 p.m. For more information call (202)606-9686.

4 Mall Times