A Strategic Plan for Integrated Pest Management in Schools in the United States
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SCHOOL IPM 2015: A Strategic Plan for Integrated Pest Management in Schools in the United States Version 1.1 February 25, 2009 Edited by Thomas A. Green, Ph.D., IPM Institute of North America, Inc. and Dawn H. Gouge, Ph.D., Department of Entomology, University of Arizona The IPM Institute and the Department of Entomology at the University of Arizona received funding for this project from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) IPM Program and the USDA Northeastern, North Central, Southern and Western Regional IPM Centers. 1 Acknowledgements This document is the result of a large collaborative effort involving the IPM Institute of North America, the USDA CSREES IPM Program and USDA Regional IPM Centers, US EPA, Land-Grant universities, school district personnel, private industry, non- governmental organizations and consultants. The initial concept was developed by Dr. Dawn Gouge, urban entomologist with the University of Arizona, after listening to a presentation about Pest Management Strategic Plans given by Rick Melnicoe, director of the Western IPM Center. The presentation was made in June of 2006 at an Arizona Pest Management Center meeting organized by Dr. Al Fournier. Mr. Melnicoe conveyed Dr. Gouge‘s idea to the other three Regional IPM Center directors and the USDA-CSREES IPM Program. All five parties agreed to contribute equally to fund the project. Dr. Thomas Green, director of the IPM Institute, was recruited to lead the effort. US EPA provided additional support for the meeting and follow-up, including monthly conference calls of the project group. This document is the fruit of bringing together a group of people that are passionate about accelerating adoption and sustaining high- level IPM in schools to provide a safe, healthy learning environment for all of our children. Rick Melnicoe and Linda Herbst served as facilitators for the development meeting held in Las Vegas in October 2006. Lynnae Jess and Al Fournier recorded minutes. Special thanks to Elizabeth Smith, principal of Diskin Elementary School, who hosted our school site visit. Gene Harrington of the National Pest Management Association provided the list of school pest management-related legislation. Sherry Glick, Dawn Gouge, Tom Green, Linda Herbst, Marc Lame, Rick Melnicoe and Gretchen Pettis made up the project development team. Marc Lame led matrix development and development of the section on the adoption process. This matrix will be made available as a searchable database at some point in the future. Becky Stracener and Lauren Crane served as project assistants. The project team gratefully acknowledges the contributions of our funders and of the following individuals and organizations: Meeting participants, observers and contributors Darryl Alexander, director of health & safety, American Federation of Teachers John Ayers, co-director, USDA Northeastern IPM Center Thomas Babb, sr. environmental research scientist, CA Dept. of Pesticide Regulation Herb Bolton, national program leader, Plant Systems Unit, USDA CSREES Lynn Braband, community IPM extension educator, Cornell University Paul Cardosi, Western region sales manager, Ecolab Pest Elimination Bobby Corrigan, president, RMC Consulting Ellie Engler, director of health & safety, United Federation of Teachers Jay Feldman, director, Beyond Pesticides Mike Fitzner, director, Plant and Animal Systems, USDA CSREES Al Fournier, IPM program manager, University of Arizona Lyn Garling, manager of programs, Pennsylvania IPM Program, Penn State University 2 Lynnae Jess, associate director, North Central IPM Center Jack Marlowe, CEO, Eden Advanced Pest Technologies Kathy Murray, IPM entomologist, Maine Department of Agriculture Faith Oi, extension entomologist, University of Florida Chip Osborne, president, Osborne Organics Alan Paulson, coordinator, landscaping and grounds, Clark County School District, NV James Reny, business manager, Waterville Public Schools, ME Paul Romano, senior research architect, New Jersey Institute of Technology Guy Russell, business development manager, EcoSMART Mark Shour, extension entomologist, Iowa State University Richard Smith, director, environmental health & safety, Brevard Public Schools, FL Additional contributors Pat Copps, Pacific technical manager, Orkin Commercial Services Mike Merchant, associate professor and extension urban entomologist, Texas A&M Sewell Simmons, California Department of Pesticide Regulation The editors are responsible for all content which may not represent the opinions of all contributors. This document will be reviewed and revised periodically. Corrections of factual errors and other comments are welcome and may be emailed to [email protected]. Citation Green, T.A., and D.H. Gouge, eds. 2008. School IPM 2015: A Strategic Plan for Integrated Pest Management in Schools in the United States. 286 pp. For a log of changes made to prior editions, visit http://www.ipminstitute.org/school_ipm_2015/school_ipm_2015_Updates.htm 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Executive Summary 6 2. Introduction 8 3. Stakeholder Priorities 13 Management Education Regulatory Research 4. Strategic Plan 18 5. IPM Adoption Process 35 6. Overview of Pest Management in US Schools 42 7. Management Zones: Preventing and Avoiding Pest-Conducive Conditions, Pests and Pesticide Hazards 45 8. Pest-specific Information, Tactics, Emerging Issues and Priorities 57 Structural Ants – Nuisance Species 58 Bats 65 Birds 69 Carpenter Ants 73 Cockroaches 77 Flies – House Flies, Filth Flies 82 Flies – Drain Flies, Fruit Flies and Fungus Gnats 88 Head Lice 93 Mosquitoes 99 Occassional Invaders 106 Rodents 110 Spiders 115 Stinging Insects 123 Stinging Ants 127 Termites 129 Ticks 137 Turf and Landscape Turfgrass Management 141 Landscape Plant Management 149 Appendix A. Pest Management Options Used in and Around Schools 162 Appendix B. School Pest Management-related Legislation by State 179 Appendix C. Annual School IPM Report Card 180 4 Appendix D. Glossary 187 Appendix E. Workgroup Participant Contact Information and Biographies 201 Appendix F. References 212 Appendix G. Bibliography of Surveys on Pest Management in Schools 224 Appendix H. School IPM Planning and Evaluation Tool 230 Appendix I. Directory of Organizations with Roles in School IPM 233 Appendix J. IPM Curriculum Support Tools 243 Appendix K. State and Regional IPM Contacts 254 Appendix L. Directory of School IPM Expertise 269 Appendix M. School IPM Tool Box 284 5 1. Executive Summary Pest management practices in our nation‘s schools are in need of improvement. More than 50 published surveys and studies since 1994 have documented deficiencies including unmanaged pest infestations, unsafe and illegal use of pesticides, and unnecessary pesticide exposures to individuals at schools. Improvement is feasible and affordable. Pest complaints and pesticide use in schools and other public buildings have been reduced by 71 to 93% through Integrated Pest Management (IPM), with no long-term increase in costs. Full implementation of IPM includes a thorough understanding of pests and pest biology by pest managers; careful inspection and monitoring for pest presence and pest- conducive conditions; and pest prevention through effective education, sanitation and facility maintenance. Pesticides are used only when non-chemical measures are inadequate. When needed, pesticide products are selected that minimize toxicity and potential for exposure. Our challenge is to replicate our well documented IPM successes in all of our schools. The goal of this Pest Management Strategic Plan is to assess the current status of pest management in our school systems, compile our current understanding of best practices and set out a plan of action to achieve full implementation of IPM in all of our schools by 2015. Specifically, prompt and coordinated action is required to: Increase awareness among the school community and key influencers of the problems and availability of ready solutions to reduce pest problems and pesticide exposure; Generate a commitment from agencies, organizations and individuals already working in and influencing schools to actively participate; Provide financial, material and human resources to implement proven approaches including education, regulation and specific management tactics that prevent and avoid pest problems; Improve regulations and compliance with existing laws; Address research questions that may lead to less hazardous approaches to managing common and occasional pests in schools; Educate staff and students about the benefits of IPM and how they can apply this approach to their homes and workplaces; and Increase financial resources available to meet these objectives. 6 In preparing this plan, we have enlisted participation by leaders representing key influencer and practitioner groups, and have charged this work group with assisting in the implementation of the plan including recruiting others from their professions to achieve our goal. Although much of the information included in this plan applies to pest management in other environments including housing, childcare facilities, college campuses, libraries and other public buildings, we have focused its scope on K-12 schools. We have not included anti-microbial pesticides in this document. Rather, we refer readers to excellent work in ―green cleaning‖ practices designed to improve the effectiveness and reduce the hazards associated with sanitation and maintenance practices and products. 7 2. Introduction Millions of children, teachers, support staff and parents