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Tournefortia Y Heliotropium (Boraginaceae S.L

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Tournefortia Y Heliotropium (Boraginaceae S.L Desde el Herbario CICY 6: 45 –47 (14/Mayo/2014) Herbario CICY, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A. C. (CICY) http://www.cicy.mx/sitios/desde_herbario/ TOURNEFORTIA Y HELIOTROPIUM (BORAGINACEAE S.L. ): ¿CÓMO DIFERENCIAR ESTOS DOS GÉNEROS CON INFLORESCENCIAS ESCORPIOIDES? RICARDO BALAM -NARVÁEZ & IVÁN RAMÍREZ -ARRAZOLA Área de Sistemática y Florística. Escuela de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Av. Universidad s.n., Ex-Hacienda de 5 Señores, C.P. 68120, Oaxaca, Oaxaca, México. [email protected] Identificar una planta en particular re-quiere de un conocimiento botánico y del uso de claves taxonómicas como herramientas tradicionales en la identificación. En la ac- tualidad, se concibe al taxónomo como una persona encerrada en un herbario o museo y que se encarga de la descripción e identificación de uno o varios taxa. Sin embargo, ser un taxónomo requiere de mucha paciencia, conocimiento botánico y evolutivo del grupo de su especialidad. Para adquirir los conocimientos antes 2012). La clasificación de la familia ha mencionados, es necesario pasar horas y sido controversial y análisis filogenéticos horas estudiando muestras botánicas (en- sugieren una naturaleza parafilética (APG tre otras fuentes de información) con el III 2009). Tradicionalmente se divide en fin de entender la variabilidad morfológi- cuatro subfamilias: Ehretioideae, Cordioi- ca de un taxón, ¿y por qué no? también su deae, Heliotropioideae y Boraginoideae ecología y patrones de distribución, todo (p. ej. Thaktajan 1996), pero recientemen- con la finalidad de identificar caracteres te se han propuesto clasificaciones dife- taxonómicos útiles (diagnósticos) para la rentes (Cohen 2013), con el reconoci- delimitación de los taxa. Ante la crisis de miento de más subfamilias. pérdida de diversidad, es necesario llevar Entre los géneros de Boraginaceae s.l. esta tarea a cabo, por lo que es urgente y que presentan problemas de delimitación, necesario contar con gente interesada en están Tournefortia L. y Heliotropium L., ser taxónomo de grupos poco estudiados. ambos presentan inflorescencias circina- La familia Boraginaceae s.l. (en senti- das o escorpioides. Varios autores han do amplio) es una de muchas familias de sugerido además, al hábito y al tipo de angiospermas que poseen gran variación fruto como caracteres adicionales para su en ciertas características morfológicas que delimitación. En esta contribución se ex- hacen difícil la delimitación y posterior ponen algunos caracteres taxonómicos identificación de ciertos taxa. En total se observables y útiles para la delimitación han registrado 130 géneros y 2,300 espe- de ambos géneros en México (ver cuadro cies a nivel mundial, de los cuales 30 gé- siguiente). neros y ca. de 322 especies están presen- tes en México (Lira-Charco y Ochoterena 45 Desde el Herbario CICY 6: 45 –47 (14/Mayo/2014) Herbario CICY, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A. C. (CICY) http://www.cicy.mx/sitios/desde_herbario/ Caracteres Tournefortia Heliotropium Hábito Arbustivo o trepadora perenne Herbáceo anual o perenne Pubescencia Presente en toda la planta Presente en toda la planta, ocasio- nalmente ausente tallos Inflorescencias Con una a más de dos cimas Con una o dos cimas bien delimi- esparcidas, no alargadas tadas y alargadas Flores Generalmente un pétalo exce- Generalmente todos los pétalos diendo a los demás del mismo tamaño Blancas, amarillas o blanco- Blancas, pero con el centro amari- verdosas llo No acrescentes Acrescentes (aún secas) Estambres insertados hacia la Estambres insertados en la base de mitad de la corola la corola Abren todas simultáneamente Abren sucesivamente de la base al ápice Fruto Drupa, globosa Esquizocarpo, subgloboso o sub- comprimido Blanco al madurar Café al madurar Figura. A. Heliotropium angiospermun Murray. B. Tournefortia volubilis L. (Fotogra- fías Germán Carnevali). 46 Desde el Herbario CICY 6: 45 –47 (14/Mayo/2014) Herbario CICY, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A. C. (CICY) http://www.cicy.mx/sitios/desde_herbario/ Referencias Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III. Lira-Charco, E. & H. Ochoterena. 2012. 2009. An update of the Angiosperm Flora del Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán, Phylogeny Group classification for the Fascículo 110 Boraginaceae. Departa- orders and families of flowering plants: mento de Botánica, Instituto de Biolo- APG III. Botanical Journal of the Lin- gía, UNAM. Comisión Nacional para nean Society 161(2): 105–121. el Uso y Conocimiento de la Biodiver- Cohen, I. 2013. A phylogenetic analysis sidad, México D.F. of morphological and molecular char- Takhtajan, A. 1996. Diversity and classi- acters of Boraginaceae: evolutionary fication of flowering plants. Columbia relationships, taxonomy, and patterns University Press, Nueva York. of character evolution. Cladistics 30(2): 1–31. Palabras clave: Boraginaceae s.l., Tournefortia , Heliotropium , México, taxonomía, escorpioide. 47 .
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