Private Universities and Quality of Education in Uttar Pradesh Ruchi Rastogi Assistant Professor, Invertis University Bareilly
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The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis ISSN NO:0886-9367 Private Universities and Quality of Education in Uttar Pradesh Ruchi Rastogi Assistant Professor, Invertis University Bareilly Dr Ashutosh Priya Associate Professor MJP Rohilkhand university Bareilly. ABSTRACT Now a day’s private Universities are playing a very important role in higher education. However, private Universities are very much different from each other in terms of infrastructure, research, courses and faculty and only a few private Universities are capable of providing the quality education. Still the public Universities are considered as the best option among the students. But public Universities alone can not cater the need of higher education, so, the private Universities are emerging. This study aims the exploration of the parameters which are responsible for quality of the education in the private Universities in Uttar Pradesh. Key words: PrivateUniversities, Higher Education, Uttar Pradesh, Quality in Education INTRODUCTION In India the private Universitiesare established the through the state act and sponsored by any non profit organization like a society under the Societies Registration Act 1860 or a public trust or a company registered under Section 25 of the Companies Act, 1956, or any other body which corresponds to the concerned law. Section 2 (f) of the UGC Act, 1956 described,“University” as any institution which is established or integrated under a Central Act, or a State Actor a Provincial Act, and it also includes the institutions, in consultation with the University concerned, and to be in accordance with the regulations made under the Act (e.g., deemed Universities under Section 3, UGC Act) (UGC 2002: 6), recognized by the Commission (UGC).According to this definition of University, all the institutions or Universities has to be cover under the state or central legislature system. There are many factors which differ the private Universities. Some of them are infrastructure, vision and mission of the management, courses offered, faculty profile etc. Most of the PrivateUniversities are now a days doing business and more of profit concerned rather than providing quality education.Therefore, the government Universities are still the first choice among the students for higher education. Private Universities can only serve as the substitute to this increasing demand for higher education among students. However, some of the private Universities are now emerging and branding themselves as the quality institutions. 1 Volume XII, Issue IX, September/2020 Page No:1175 The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis ISSN NO:0886-9367 PRIVATEUNIVERSITIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA – BACKGROUND In year 2000 government realised the need for private Universities in India. Till then the higher education was given by the government Universities which were not capable of fulfilling the increasing demand of higher education. After that many philanthropists, and business persons came and setup the private Universities as non profit organizations. According to the latest notification of UGC (June 2020) at present there are around 356 private Universities are in India out of which around 29Universities are present in Uttar Pradesh. (Annexure-1) However, these private Universities very important and have a crucial role in providing higher education among students in Uttar Pradesh, have been criticised by many as profit making organizations with a very high fee, inferior quality of education, inferior infrastructure, etc. In this study I tried to explore the parameters which are responsible the quality education and the issues related to these parameters in providing the quality education by these private Universities. KEY CHALLENGES FOR THE PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN UTTAR PRADESH: There are many challenges in establishing and providing the quality education by these private Universities. Some of these challenges are as follows: AMBIGUITY ON THE INCEPTION States likeAssam, Rajasthan, Gujrat, and Haryana have an overall act which covers all the provisions of the establishing these private Universities, known as “umbrella Act”and which also specify the details of the process and requirements to setup a private University. But most of the states do not have any umbrella act to setup a private University. In Uttar Pradesh also there is no umbrella act and each University is established through a separate Act. Over the years the requirements of these private Universities increased that leads to inaccurate and ambiguous ways incorporated at different time. This provide a very fake and unclear guideline for the new Universities which ultimately leads to clumsy and time taking process of inception for private Universities in Uttar Pradesh. STANDARDS FOR LAND Land norms are always an argumentative thing as it includes the major portion of the investment and expenditure while setting up a private University. The land acquisition is time consuming and tedious process. For instance, in Uttar Pradesh the land acquisition process takes more than three years. Uttar Pradesh has land requirement for setting up a private University is of fifty acres in comparison to the other states where this is much less like the land requirement in for a private University in Rajasthan is thirty acres and in Haryana it is twenty acres. 2 Volume XII, Issue IX, September/2020 Page No:1176 The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis ISSN NO:0886-9367 NON-PROFIT NATURE OF THE PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES Because all the private Universities established as the not-for-profit organizations raising the finances is the significant hurdle before the Universities. They can not go to stock market and raise the as equity because the dividends cannot be distributing. Universities only can raise funds through the bank loans. However, as per discussions with some private University officials in Uttar Pradesh, banks have no experience in lending to educational institutions. ACADEMIC EXPERTISE AND EXPERIENCE In Uttar Pradesh for setting up any private University or institution prior academic experience and expertise in that field is necessary. This creates barrier for the individuals with no experience in academics which leads to a very few players in the market and affects to the quality of education. BEQUEST FUND There should a minimum fund is required for the as endowment or bequest under the state Universities act. It is required so that in case of the shutdown of the University that fund can be used as to meet the necessary requirements. In Uttar Pradesh there no specified guidelines under the legislation for the requirements of the fund as compare to the other neighbouring states. INFRASTRUCTURE AND LIBRARYNECESSATIES Under the Universities act in the Uttar Pradesh private Universities has to spend a certain amount on the library books and journals. Which a large amount nearly five million and can not be possible to affords most of the Universities. Apart from the books and journals other assets requirements are also there according to the legislation makes it tougher for the Universities. The requirements of physical books and journals are not very logical in today digital age as students prefer online access of the soft copies of the library books and journals IMPORTANCE OF THE PROBLEM Higher education plays a very important role in the countries like India. By viewing the increasing rate of the private Universities the maintenance of the quality education is a big challenge. The objective of these private Universities are not only providing higher education but also conducting research activities and creating and maintaining new knowledge in the form of knowledge management. According to Andaleeb (2003), higher education is necessary not only the development of the human resources but also for the knowledge management. So, there is a need to explore the parameters which define the quality education, apart from teaching by the private Universities. In most of these private Universities there is a shortage of the funds and resources due to which some of the parameters like research and 3 Volume XII, Issue IX, September/2020 Page No:1177 The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis ISSN NO:0886-9367 infrastructure are missing. In this study we try to these factors and importance of these parameters in terms of the quality education. SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM The scope of this research paper includes all the private Universities formed under the UGC Act with in the geographic region of Uttar Pradesh. LITERATURE REVIEW According to the Oxford Dictionary the Latin word “qualitas” is the origin of the word “Quality”. The dictionary also defined the meaning of the term quality as “excellence. In terms of the education the definition of the Commbs (1985) seems to be accurate. Which says that quality is judged by the students according to the norms and rules defined under subject curriculum. And if the procedures are according to the said standards the education is of quality education. Quality definitions in terms of education is very challenging task as we do not get any tangible output in education and the knowledge provided can not be measured in case of education. So definitions applicable in the case of goods and services are not exactly applicable in the case of education. According to Cheng and Tam (1997)quality in education is an ambiguous and can not be measured. Pounder (1999) emphasised that the definition given by Cheng and Tam by saying it as a vague term. In the larger terms we can view the quality of education as the number of parameters that are acted as the contribution in the system of education. According to Cheng and Tam (1997), these parameters mustprovide the complete user i.e. student satisfaction in terms of covert and overt expectations of the students. The primary goal of the higher education providing knowledge, building life skill and develop a right attitude and value system among the students to serve the society in a more productive and sustainable way.