DOCSLIB.ORG

Seven Species of Freshwater Lichen-Forming Fungi Newly Recorded from Poland

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Seven Species of Freshwater Lichen-Forming Fungi Newly Recorded from Poland Polish Botanical Journal 62(2): 273–278, 2017 e-ISSN 2084-4352 DOI: 10.1515/pbj-2017-0029 ISSN 1641-8190 SEVEN SPECIES OF FRESHWATER LICHEN-FORMING FUNGI NEWLY RECORDED FROM POLAND Natalia Matura1, Beata Krzewicka & Adam Flakus Abstract. This paper presents seven freshwater lichen species from Western Carpathian streams: Bryobilimbia ahlesii (Körb.) Fryday et al., Rhizocarpon sublavatum Fryday, Thelidium circumspersellum (Nyl.) Zschacke, T. klementii Servít, T. pluvium Orange, T. rehmii Zschacke and Verrucaria devensis (G. Salisbury) Orange. All of them are first records for Poland. Thelidium klementii is new for the Carpathians and was previously known only from the type locality in Germany. Morphological descriptions based on Polish specimens are presented, and the ecology and geographical distribution of these lichens are briefly discussed. Key words: amphibious lichens, biodiversity, Carpathians, distribution, lichenized fungi, new records Natalia Matura, Beata Krzewicka & Adam Flakus, Department of Lichenology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland; e-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Introduction The vast majority of lichens are restricted to ter- studied by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) using the restrial environments and their thalli do not tolerate methods described by Orange et al. (2001). Voucher long periods of submersion, but there is a small specimens are in the herbarium of the W. Szafer Insti- group of lichens whose proper development de- tute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences (KRAM). pends on constant or recurrent inundation (Thüs et al. 2014). These freshwater (amphibious) li- Results and discussion chens are a widely distributed but still insuffi- Bryobilimbia ahlesii (Körb.) Fryday, Printzen ciently studied component of freshwater habitats. & S. Ekman Among the 1642 species of lichens known from Poland (Fałtynowicz & Kossowska 2016) only 56 Thallus thin, continuous or irregularly rimose, are freshwater lichens. This paper reports seven pale grey or grey-green. Apothecia 0.45–0.6 mm freshwater lichen species newly recorded from the diam., sessile. Disc reddish-brown to brown-black, Western Carpathians in Poland. concave to slightly convex. Apothecial margin usu- ally prominent and persistent. Exciple dark reddish Material and methods brown in section at outer edge and almost colorless to pale reddish brown in inner part. Epihymenium The study is based on material collected by the first colorless or yellowish brown to pale reddishbrown, author during field work in 2012–2016 for research fo- K–. Hymenium colorless, 60–80 μm high, often cused on the lichen biota of freshwater habitats in the with scattered blue-violet (K+ green) granules. Polish Western Carpathians. The lichen material was Hypothecium brown to brownish black, usually analyzed by standard morphological and anatomical with blue-violet (K+ green) granules. Asci Porpi- methods using Nikon SMZ 800N and Nikon Eclipse E200 microscopes. The pigments Atra-brown (sensu dia-type. Ascospores simple, colorless, ellipsoid, Meyer & Printzen 2000) and Macrocarpa-green (sensu 12–16(–17.5) × (4–)5–6 μm, with or without ge- Fryday 2002) were identified. Lichen substances were latinous coat. Chemistry: lichen substances not detected by 1 Corresponding author TLC; thallus K–, C–, KC–, Pd–. Received: 9 Oct. 2017. Publication date(s): online fast track, n/a; in print and online issues, 15 Dec. 2017 274 POLISH BOTANICAL JOURNAL 62(2). 2017 Notes. The new generic name Bryobilimbia was in diam., irregularly arranged, innate when young, proposed by Fryday et al. (2014) for Lecidea hypno- becoming sessile when mature. Apothecial margin rum and its closely related taxa. Bryobilimbia can be thin, the same color as disc. Exciple brownish in distinguished from Lecidea and Mycobilimbia by its section (Atra-brown pigment), K– or K+ intensi- Porpidia-type ascus. It differs fromClauzadea and fying, N and HCl± intensifying, sometimes with Porpidia in having ascospores with a finely warted Macrocarpa-green (K–, N+ red, HCl+ bright blue) perispore and/or thin gelatinous coat, whereas Por- patch in upper part. Epihymenium olive-green to pidia has ascospores with a well-developed gelati- olive-brown (Atra-brown and Macrocarpa-green nous coat and Clauzadea has ascospores with only pigments intermixed). Hymenium colorless, I+ a thin gelatinous coat when young. Bryobilimbia is blue, 120–140 μm high. Hypothecium medium also distinguished by the presence of scattered blue- brown to dark brown. Asci 8-spored, Rhizocarpon- violet (K+ green) granules in the hymenium, and type. Ascospores muriform, colorless, occasionally mostly simple paraphyses. It differs fromLecidoma almost black when mature, narrowly ellipsoid to and Romjularia in having a thinner, membranaceous ellipsoid, 17–38 × 11–25 μm. thallus and darker hypothecium. Both Bryobilimbia Chemistry: lichen substances not detected by ahlesii and Bryobilimbia sanguineoatra (Wulfen) TLC; thallus K–, C–, KC–, Pd–. Fryday, Printzen & S. Ekman grow on rocks and Notes. Rhizocarpon sublavatum can be con- thus can be easily confused, but the latter differs in fused with several species of the genus on account having a pale yellow thallus and smaller ascospores of its hyaline and muriform ascospores. The most [(9–)11–14 × 3.5–5(–6) μm] (Fryday et al. 2014; similar species is R. lavatum (Fr.) Hazsl., which Hu et al. 2014). differs from R. sublavatum in having a paler thal- Bryobilimbia ahlesii occurs at shaded sites with lus and larger and narrower ascospores (34–44 × high air humidity, where it grows usually on sili- 14–18 μm). Rhizocarpon reductum Th. Fr. dif- ceous rocks. It is a typical riparian species which fers in the presence of stictic acid in the thallus usually occurs in the upper splash water zone but and apothecia, which give spot test reactions K+ avoids long periods of inundation. In the study yellow and Pd+ orange. Rhizocarpon anaperum area this species was found on damp sandstone (Vain.) Vain. has a darker Macrocarpa-green pig- on the bank of Młodowski Potok stream in the ment in the epihymenium and browner and slightly Beskid Sądecki Mts. convex areoles, whereas R. sublavatum has flat It is a rather rare species, known from scattered areoles (Ihlen 2004). localities throughout Europe (Czech Republic, Fin- Rhizocarpon sublavatum grows mostly on sili- land, Germany, Great Britain, Lithuania, Russia, ceous rocks in damp places. It prefers moderately Sweden), North America (USA) and Asia (China) shady habitats. In the study area this species was (Arup 2004; Coppins & Fryday 2006; Urbanavi- found at two localities in the Polish Tatra Mts, on chus 2010; Halda et al. 2011; Fryday et al. 2014; temporarily inundated and splashed siliceous rocks. Hu et al. 2014; Motiejūnaitė & Grochowski 2014; This species is widely distributed in Great Paukov et al. 2017). Britain, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Austria Specimen examined. Poland. Beskid Sądecki mts: (Fryday 1996, 2000; Ihlen 2004; Berger & Prie- Pasmo Radziejowej range, Młodowski Potok stream, metzhofer 2014). above forest road, on damp sandstone, 49°27′3″N, Specimens examined. Poland. Tatry mts: High 20°40′33″E, 526 m, 12 June 2014, N. Matura (KRAM Tatra Mts, black hiking trail from Murowaniec moun- L-69161). tain shelter to Świnicka Przełęcz pass, Litworowy Rhizocarpon sublavatum Fryday Staw Lake, on temporarily inundated siliceous rock, 49°13′54″N, 19°59′49″E, 1586 m, 20 July 2015, N. Ma- Thallus thin, cracked and areolate, grey or tura (KRAM L-69162); Biały Żleb gully, blue hiking brown. Prothallus usually distinct and black. Apo- trail from Morskie Oko lake to Dolina Pięciu Stawów thecia flat, epruinose.Disc black, 0,3–0,5(–0.6) mm Polskich valley, small stream near trail, on splashed N. MATURA ET AL.: FRESHWATER LICHEN-FORMING FUNGI NEWLY RECORDED FROM POLAND 275 siliceous rock, 49°12′39″N, 20°4′8″E, 1568 m, 19 July Perithecia semi-immersed in thallus, naked. In- 2015, N. Matura (KRAM L-69163). volucrellum apical or absent. Exciple dark brown, up to ca 200 μm in diam. Asci 8-spored, 70–80 × Thelidium circumspersellum (Nyl.) Zschacke 25–28 μm. Ascospores mostly (0–)1-septate, color- Thallus inconspicuous, very thin to vanishing, less, 17–30 × 10–15 μm. brown, without cortex. Photobiont chlorococcoid alga, 3–6 μm in diam., arranged in small groups Chemistry: lichen substances not studied by or irregularly dispersed. Perithecia sessile to TLC; thallus K–, C–, KC–, Pd–. semi-immersed. Involucrellum absent. Exciple Notes. Thelidium rivulicolum (Nyl.) Migula black-brown, reaching up to 200 μm in diam. is similar in having a thick thallus and 1-septate Asci 8-spored, 64–75 × 17–25 μm. Ascospores ascospores, but differs in having an almost twice- 3-septate, colorless, 18–27 × 7–10 μm. larger exciple (300–450 μm diam.) and slightly Chemistry: lichen substances not studied by longer asci (90 × 30 μm) and ascospores (23–42 TLC; thallus K–, C–, KC–, Pd–. × 7–15 μm) (Thüs & Schultz 2009). Thelidium klementii occurs on temporarily Notes. Thelidium circumspersellum is very inundated calcareous rocks with high content of similar to T. zwackhii (Hepp) A. Massal.; basi- silica (Thüs & Schultz 2009). During this study it cally T. zwackhii can be distinguished by its thicker was collected from submerged and splashed sand- thallus, larger asci (90–120 × 29–40 μm), larger stone rocks. It prefers moderately shaded habitats. ascospores (20–36 × 9–15 μm) and transparent In the study area this species was recorded at a few exciple in its lower part (Thüs & Schultz 2009). localities in the Beskid Sądecki Mts and at one The two species are very similar in morphology and are sometimes difficult to determine. It may locality in the Beskid Żywiecki Mts. be a complex of species or one species with high Outside Poland, Thelidium klementii is known phenotypic variation. Further molecular analysis only from the type locality in Germany which was will help in determining their relationship. destroyed when a large reservoir was constructed, This species occurs on periodically inundated and the species is now threatened with extinction limestone.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Key to the Species of Agonimia (Lichenised Ascomycota, Verrucariaceae)
    Österr. Z. Pilzk. 28 (2019) – Austrian J. Mycol. 28 (2019, publ. 2020) 69 Key to the species of Agonimia (lichenised Ascomycota, Verrucariaceae) OTHMAR BREUSS Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Botanische Abteilung (Kryptogamenherbar) Burgring 7 1010 Wien, Österreich E-Mail: [email protected] Accepted 29. September 2020. © Austrian Mycological Society, published online 25. October 2020 BREUSS, O., 2020: Key to the species of Agonimia (lichenised Ascomycota, Verrucariaceae). – Österr. Z. Pilzk. 28: 69–74. Key words: Pyrenocarpous lichens, Verrucariales, Agonimia, Agonimiella, Flakea. – Taxonomy, key. Abstract: A key to the 24 Agonimia species presently known is provided. A short survey of relevant literature on the genus and its affinities is added. Zusammenfassung: Ein Bestimmungsschlüssel zu den 24 bisher bekannten Agonimia-Arten wird vor- gelegt. Eine kurze Übersicht über relevante Literatur zur Gattung und ihrer Verwandtschaft ist beigefügt. Agonimia ZAHLBR. was introduced by ZAHLBRUCKNER (1909) for Agonimia tristicula (NYL.) ZAHLBR. and his newly described A. latzelii ZAHLBR. (now included within A. tristicula). It was not earlier than 1978 that another species was added to the genus: A. octospora (COPPINS & JAMES 1978). Later a handful of species previously treated in other genera (Polyblastia MASSAL., Physcia (SCHREB.) MICHX., Omphalina QUÉL.) have been transferred to Agonimia (COPPINS & al. 1992, VĚZDA 1997, SÉRUSIAUX & al. 1999, LÜCKING & MONCADA 2017, NIMIS & al. 2018). A couple of additional species have been described as new quite recently (SÉRUSIAUX & al. 1999; CZARNOTA & COP- PINS 2000; KASHIWADANI 2008; DYMYTROVA & al. 2011; GUZOW-KRZEMIŃSKA & al. 2012; APTROOT & CÁCERES 2013; HARADA 2013; KONDRATYUK 2015; KONDRATYUK & al. 2015, 2016, 2018; MCCARTHY & ELIX 2018). The circumscription of Agonimia is not fully clear.
    [Show full text]
  • Agonimia Borysthenica, a New Lichen Species (Verrucariales) from Ukraine
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde Jahr/Year: 2011 Band/Volume: 20 Autor(en)/Author(s): Dymytrova Lyudmyla V., Breuss Othmar, Kondratyuk Sergij Yakovych [Sergey Yakovlevich] Artikel/Article: Agonimia borysthenica, a new lichen species (Verrucariales) from Ukraine. 25-28 ©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Österr.Z. Pilzk. 20 (2011) 25 Agonimia borysthenica, a new lichen species (Verrucariales) from Ukraine LYUDMYLA V. DYMYTROVA SERGIJ Y. KONDRATYUK Department of Lichenology and Bryology M. H. Kholodny Institute of Botany M. H. Kholodny Institute of Botany 2, Tereschenkivska str. 2, Tereschenkivska str. 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] OTHMAR BREUSS Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Botanische Abteilung Burgring 7 A-1010 Wien, Austria Email: [email protected] Accepted 12. 9. 2011 Key words: Lichens, Verrucariales, Agonimia borysthenica spec. nova. – New species. – Mycoflora of Ukraine. Abstract: The lichen Agonimia borysthenica is described as new. It is known only from the Dnieper river basin in Ukraine where it was found growing on bark of Quercus robur and Fraxinus excelsior. Zusammenfassung: Die Flechte Agonimia borysthenica wird neu beschrieben. Sie ist bislang nur aus dem Tal des Flusses Dnieper in der Ukraine bekannt, wo sie auf Borke von Quercus robur und Fraxi- nus excelsior gefunden wurde. Agonimia ZAHLBR. is a Verrucariacean genus similar to Polyblastia A. MASSAL. and differs from the latter by the 2- or 3-layered exciple, the lack of an involucrellum and consistently colourless ascospores. The thallus consists of aggregations of goniocysts or small squamules, the cortical cells of which are papillate in most species (ORANGE &PURVIS 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • Pronectria Rhizocarpicola, a New Lichenicolous Fungus from Switzerland
    Mycosphere 926–928 (2013) ISSN 2077 7019 www.mycosphere.org Article Mycosphere Copyright © 2013 Online Edition Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/4/5/4 Pronectria rhizocarpicola, a new lichenicolous fungus from Switzerland Brackel WV Wolfgang von Brackel, Institut für Vegetationskunde und Landschaftsökologie, Georg-Eger-Str. 1b, D-91334 Hemhofen, Germany. – e-mail: [email protected] Brackel WV 2013 – Pronectria rhizocarpicola, a new lichenicolous fungus from Switzerland. Mycosphere 4(5), 926–928, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/4/5/4 Abstract Pronectria rhizocarpicola, a new species of Bionectriaceae is described and illustrated. It is growing parasitically on Rhizocarpon geographicum in the Swiss Alps. Key words – Ascomycota – bionectriaceae – hypocreales Introduction The genus Pronectria currently comprises 44 species, including 2 algicolous and 42 lichenicolous species. Most of the lichenicolous species are living on foliose and fruticose lichens (32 species), only a few on squamulose and crustose lichens (10 species). No species of the genus was ever reported from the host genus Rhizocarpon. Materials and methods Morphological and anatomical observations were made using standard microscopic techniques. Microscopic measurements were made on hand-cut sections mounted in water with an accuracy up to 0.5 µm. Measurements of ascospores and asci are recorded as (minimum–) X-σ X – X+σ X (–maximum) followed by the number of measurements. The holotype is deposited in M, one isotype in the private herbarium of the author (hb ivl). Results Pronectria rhizocarpicola Brackel, sp. nov. Figs 1–2 MycoBank 805068 Etymology – pertaining to the host genus Rhizocarpon. Diagnosis – Fungus lichenicola in thallo et ascomatibus lichenis Rhizocarpon geographicum crescens.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on the Status and Typification of Some Names of Lichens Described from Greece
    Opuscula Philolichenum, 18: 1-10. 2019. *pdf effectively published online 29January2019 via (http://sweetgum.nybg.org/philolichenum/) Notes on the status and typification of some names of lichens described from Greece LINDA IN ARCADIA1 ABSTRACT. – The names Borrera ciliaris var. glabrissima Bory, B. ciliaris var. nigrescens Bory, B. ciliaris var. tomentella Bory, Collema sublimosum J. Steiner and Verrucaria pinguis J. Steiner, all described from Greece, are discussed and lectotypified. A previous "lectotypification" of Verrucaria pinguis f. alocizoides is in fact a neotypification, but that is regarded as a correctable error. The names Parmelia conspersa var. complicata Bory and Ramalina farinacea var. nuda Bory are discussed but not typified. KEYWORDS. – Anaptychia, Europe, historical botany, nomenclature, taxonomy, Xanthoparmelia. INTRODUCTION The lichen biota of Greece is very rich, a consequence of the great topographic and climatic variety present within the country (Grove & Rackham 2001, Strid & Tan 1997), together with a varied geology (Higgins & Higgins 1996, Mountrakis 1995, Papanikolaou 2015). Human exploitation of the land for many millennia (e.g. Renfrew 1972) has certainly modified the biota, probably by reducing forest cover, especially in the lowlands, but most of the country is still covered by natural or at least semi-natural vegetation. Over 1420 species of lichens, lichenicolous and allied fungi have been reported from Greece (http://www.lichensofgreece.com/checklist), and hundreds more probably are present but not yet reported. However, as in much of southeastern Europe and the eastern Mediterranean, the lichens have received little serious study. Much of our knowledge comes from reports that are over a century old. A further difficulty is taxonomic in nature.
    [Show full text]
  • Lichens and Associated Fungi from Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska
    The Lichenologist (2020), 52,61–181 doi:10.1017/S0024282920000079 Standard Paper Lichens and associated fungi from Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska Toby Spribille1,2,3 , Alan M. Fryday4 , Sergio Pérez-Ortega5 , Måns Svensson6, Tor Tønsberg7, Stefan Ekman6 , Håkon Holien8,9, Philipp Resl10 , Kevin Schneider11, Edith Stabentheiner2, Holger Thüs12,13 , Jan Vondrák14,15 and Lewis Sharman16 1Department of Biological Sciences, CW405, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; 2Department of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; 3Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA; 4Herbarium, Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA; 5Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC), Departamento de Micología, Calle Claudio Moyano 1, E-28014 Madrid, Spain; 6Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 16, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden; 7Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen Allégt. 41, P.O. Box 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; 8Faculty of Bioscience and Aquaculture, Nord University, Box 2501, NO-7729 Steinkjer, Norway; 9NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; 10Faculty of Biology, Department I, Systematic Botany and Mycology, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger Straße 67, 80638 München, Germany; 11Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; 12Botany Department, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany; 13Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK; 14Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic; 15Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic and 16Glacier Bay National Park & Preserve, P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Further Investigations on Rhizocarpon of North-Eastern Iran: R
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Mycology Volume 2014, Article ID 528041, 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/528041 Research Article Further Investigations on Rhizocarpon of North-Eastern Iran: R. geographicum Mahroo Haji Moniri Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad 917 56 89 119, Iran Correspondence should be addressed to Mahroo Haji Moniri; h [email protected] Received 15 January 2014; Accepted 7 April 2014; Published 29 April 2014 Academic Editor: Simona Nardoni Copyright © 2014 Mahroo Haji Moniri. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Morphology, anatomy, secondary chemistry, ecology, and distribution of Rhizocarpon geographicum (Rhizocarpaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in north-eastern Iran are investigated and discussed. 1. Introduction the elevation of the sites ranges from 1340 to 1880 m. Over 537 Rhizocarpon thalli were investigated of which 311 (58%) Iran has an exceptional variety of biomes which has resulted belong to R. geographicum. As a result much new information in an extensive diversity in many organism groups including became available on the species of Rhizocarpon [11–13]. Mor- lichens. The history of lichenological exploration in north- phological and anatomical characteristics of the thalli and eastern Iran is fairly extensive, dating back to the middle fruiting bodies were examined with a stereomicroscope and a of the twentieth century [1, 2]. Since 2004, however, the light microscope. Preparations were made in distilled water, investigations in the present Khorasan provinces have much 10% KOH and KI.
    [Show full text]
  • Photobiont Relationships and Phylogenetic History of Dermatocarpon Luridum Var
    Plants 2012, 1, 39-60; doi:10.3390/plants1020039 OPEN ACCESS plants ISSN 2223-7747 www.mdpi.com/journal/plants Article Photobiont Relationships and Phylogenetic History of Dermatocarpon luridum var. luridum and Related Dermatocarpon Species Kyle M. Fontaine 1, Andreas Beck 2, Elfie Stocker-Wörgötter 3 and Michele D. Piercey-Normore 1,* 1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada; E-Mail: [email protected] 2 Botanische Staatssammlung München, Menzinger Strasse 67, D-80638 München, Germany; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Department of Organismic Biology, Ecology and Diversity of Plants, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: Michele.Piercey-Normore@ad. umanitoba.ca; Tel.: +1-204-474-9610; Fax: +1-204-474-7588. Received: 31 July 2012; in revised form: 11 September 2012 / Accepted: 25 September 2012 / Published: 10 October 2012 Abstract: Members of the genus Dermatocarpon are widespread throughout the Northern Hemisphere along the edge of lakes, rivers and streams, and are subject to abiotic conditions reflecting both aquatic and terrestrial environments. Little is known about the evolutionary relationships within the genus and between continents. Investigation of the photobiont(s) associated with sub-aquatic and terrestrial Dermatocarpon species may reveal habitat requirements of the photobiont and the ability for fungal species to share the same photobiont species under different habitat conditions. The focus of our study was to determine the relationship between Canadian and Austrian Dermatocarpon luridum var. luridum along with three additional sub-aquatic Dermatocarpon species, and to determine the species of photobionts that associate with D.
    [Show full text]
  • Collecting and Recording Fungi
    British Mycological Society Recording Network Guidance Notes COLLECTING AND RECORDING FUNGI A revision of the Guide to Recording Fungi previously issued (1994) in the BMS Guides for the Amateur Mycologist series. Edited by Richard Iliffe June 2004 (updated August 2006) © British Mycological Society 2006 Table of contents Foreword 2 Introduction 3 Recording 4 Collecting fungi 4 Access to foray sites and the country code 5 Spore prints 6 Field books 7 Index cards 7 Computers 8 Foray Record Sheets 9 Literature for the identification of fungi 9 Help with identification 9 Drying specimens for a herbarium 10 Taxonomy and nomenclature 12 Recent changes in plant taxonomy 12 Recent changes in fungal taxonomy 13 Orders of fungi 14 Nomenclature 15 Synonymy 16 Morph 16 The spore stages of rust fungi 17 A brief history of fungus recording 19 The BMS Fungal Records Database (BMSFRD) 20 Field definitions 20 Entering records in BMSFRD format 22 Locality 22 Associated organism, substrate and ecosystem 22 Ecosystem descriptors 23 Recommended terms for the substrate field 23 Fungi on dung 24 Examples of database field entries 24 Doubtful identifications 25 MycoRec 25 Recording using other programs 25 Manuscript or typescript records 26 Sending records electronically 26 Saving and back-up 27 Viruses 28 Making data available - Intellectual property rights 28 APPENDICES 1 Other relevant publications 30 2 BMS foray record sheet 31 3 NCC ecosystem codes 32 4 Table of orders of fungi 34 5 Herbaria in UK and Europe 35 6 Help with identification 36 7 Useful contacts 39 8 List of Fungus Recording Groups 40 9 BMS Keys – list of contents 42 10 The BMS website 43 11 Copyright licence form 45 12 Guidelines for field mycologists: the practical interpretation of Section 21 of the Drugs Act 2005 46 1 Foreword In June 2000 the British Mycological Society Recording Network (BMSRN), as it is now known, held its Annual Group Leaders’ Meeting at Littledean, Gloucestershire.
    [Show full text]
  • A Rock-Inhabiting Ancestor for Mutualistic and Pathogen-Rich Fungal Lineages
    UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) A rock-inhabiting ancestor for mutualistic and pathogen-rich fungal lineages Gueidan, C.; Ruibal Villaseñor, C.; de Hoog, G.S.; Gorbushina, A.A.; Untereiner, W.A.; Lutzoni, F. DOI 10.3114/sim.2008.61.11 Publication date 2008 Document Version Final published version Published in Studies in Mycology Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Gueidan, C., Ruibal Villaseñor, C., de Hoog, G. S., Gorbushina, A. A., Untereiner, W. A., & Lutzoni, F. (2008). A rock-inhabiting ancestor for mutualistic and pathogen-rich fungal lineages. Studies in Mycology, 61(1), 111-119. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2008.61.11 General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:30 Sep 2021 available online at www.studiesinmycology.org STUDIE S IN MYCOLOGY 61: 111–119.
    [Show full text]
  • Lichenometry and the Biology of the Lichen Genus Rhizocarpon
    1 Invited Review 2 3 4 LICHENOMETRIC DATING (LICHENOMETRY) AND THE BIOLOGY OF 5 THE LICHEN GENUS RHIZOCARPON: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE 6 DIRECTIONS 7 8 9 Richard A. Armstrong 10 11 12 13 14 Dept. of Vision Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom, 15 E-mail: [email protected] 16 1 17 ABSTRACT. Lichenometric dating (lichenometry) involves the use of lichen 18 measurements to estimate the age of exposure of various substrata. Because of low 19 radial growth rates [RaGR] and considerable longevity, species of the crustose lichen 20 genus Rhizocarpon have been the most useful in lichenometry. The primary 21 assumption of lichenometry is that colonization, growth, and mortality of 22 Rhizocarpon are similar on surfaces of known and unknown age so that the largest 23 thalli present on the respective faces are of comparable age. This review describes the 24 current state of knowledge regarding the biology of Rhizocarpon and considers two 25 main questions: (1) to what extent does existing knowledge support this assumption 26 and (2) what further biological observations would be useful both to test its validity 27 and to improve the accuracy of lichenometric dates? A review of the Rhizocarpon 28 literature identified gaps in knowledge regarding early development, the growth 29 rate/size curve, mortality, regeneration, competitive effects, colonization, and 30 succession on rock surfaces. The data suggest that these processes may not be 31 comparable on different rock surfaces, especially in regions where growth rates and 32 thallus turnover are high. In addition, several variables could differ between rock 33 surfaces and influence maximum thallus size including rate and timing of 34 colonization, RaGR, environmental differences, thallus fusion, allelopathy, thallus 35 mortality, colonization, and competition.
    [Show full text]
  • New Records of <I>Rhizocarpon</I>
    ISSN (print) 0093-4666 © 2013. Mycotaxon, Ltd. ISSN (online) 2154-8889 MYCOTAXON http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/125.217 Volume 125, pp. 217–226 July–September 2013 New records of Rhizocarpon from China Zun-Tian Zhao, Chao Li, Xin Zhao & Lu-Lu Zhang* College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China *Correspondence to: [email protected] Abstract – Four new lichen records are reported from China — Rhizocarpon grande, R. infernulum, R. petraeum, and R. rubescens. Detailed taxonomic descriptions with photos and comments are provided. Key words – Rhizocarpaceae, Asia, taxonomy Introduction De Candolle originally established Rhizocarpon (Rhizocarpaceae) in 1805 (Kirk et al. 2008). The lichen genus, which is predominately distributed in temperate, alpine and polar regions, includes about 200 species worldwide (Feuerer & Timdal 2004; Ihlen 2004; Kirk et al. 2008). The genus is distinguished by its rock dwelling crustose thallus with black lecideine apothecia, branched and anastomosed paraphyses, Rhizocarpon-type asci, and 1-septate to muriform ascospores with a swollen perispore (halonate). Traditionally Rhizocarpon is divided into taxa with a yellow thallus containing rhizocarpic acid (subgenus Rhizocarpon) and taxa with white, gray, or brown thalli lacking rhizocarpic acid (subgenus Phaeothallus) (Thomson 1967). In China, 28 Rhizocarpon species have been reported (Wei 1991; Abbas & Wu 1998; Aptroot 2002; Aptroot & Sparrius 2003). During our study of Rhizocarpon in China, four additional species were found in subgenus Phaeothallus: R. grande, R. infernulum, R. petraeum, and R. rubescens. Materials & methods The examined specimens are preserved in SDNU (Lichen Section of Botanical Herbarium, Shandong Normal University). Their morphological and anatomical characters were examined under a stereomicroscope (COIC XTL7045B2) and a polarizing microscope (Olympus CX41).
    [Show full text]
  • <I>Buellia, Lempholemma,</I> and <I>Thelidium</I> Species New for Turkey and Asia
    ISSN (print) 0093-4666 © 2015. Mycotaxon, Ltd. ISSN (online) 2154-8889 MYCOTAXON http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/130.701 Volume 130, pp. 701–706 July–September 2015 Buellia, Lempholemma, and Thelidium species new for Turkey and Asia Kenan Yazıcı *1& Andre Aptroot2 1Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey 2ABL Herbarium G.v.d.Veenstraat 107 NL-3762 XK Soest, The Netherlands * Correspondence to: [email protected] Abstract — Three lichen species – Buellia triseptata, Lempholemma isidioides, and Thelidium fontigenum – were determined as new to Turkey and Asia following a recent lichenological survey in the Burdur region (Turkey). Descriptions of the collections accompany notes on geographic distribution, substrate, chemistry, and comparisons with morphologically similar taxa. Key words — Ascomycota, biodiversity, Lichinaceae, Physciaceae, Verrucariaceae Introduction Studies on the lichen biota of Turkey during the last four years have contributed many new records for the country (Aptroot & Yazici 2012; Arslan et al. 2011; Karagöz & Aslan 2012; Karagöz et al. 2011; Kinalioglu & Aptroot 2011; Osyczka et al. 2011; Vondrák et al. 2012, Yazici et al. 2012, 2011a,b, 2010a,b,c). Within our project “Lichen and Bryophyte flora of Burdur Province” we have found some lichenized fungi as new records for Turkey. Nonetheless, more research is needed in the remaining lichenologically unexplored areas of the country before we complete the lichen flora of Turkey. Although approximately 1650 lichen taxa (including 35 taxa of Buellia, 7 of Lempholemma, and 3 of Thelidium) have been recorded in Turkey, only 37 lichenized fungi have thus far been reported from Burdur (Aslan & Yazici 2013, Çobanoğlu 2005, Öztürk et al.
    [Show full text]