Gremorne Reserrre

PLAN OF MANAGEMENT

NORTH SYDNEY COUNCIL CREMORE RESERVE PLAN OF MANAGEMENT

Contents Page

1.0 Introduction ...... 3 1.1 Management Context ...... 3 1.2 Structure of the Plan of Management...... 3 1.3 Purpose of the Plan of Management ...... 4 1.4 Use and Management of Crown Land ...... 5 1.5 Community Consultation ...... 6

2.0 Reserve Characteristics and Resources ...... 8 2.1 Site Location and General Description ...... 8 2.2 Significance of Cremorne Reserve...... 8 2.3 Site History ...... 9 2.4 Physical Characteristics ...... 10 2.4.1 Geomorphology ...... 10 2.4.2 Soils ...... 11 2.4.3 Vegetation ...... 11 2.5 Fauna ...... 13 2.6 Features of the Reserve ...... 14 2.6.1 Maccallum Pool ...... 14 2.6.2 Robertsons Point Lighthouse ...... 14 2.6.3 Lex and Ruby Graham Gardens ...... 14 2.6.4 Foreshore Pathway and Interpretive Walk ...... 15 2.6.5 Children’s Playground ...... 15 2.6.6 Other Reserve Features ...... 15 2.7 Current Activities in the Reserve ...... 16

3.0 Planning Issues ...... 17 3.1 Landscape Character ...... 17 3.2 Vegetation Management ...... 17 3.2.1 Maintenance of Trees on Public Land ...... 18 3.2.2 Vegetation Management in areas zoned ‘Bushland’ ...... 19 3.2.3 Removal of exotic trees from areas zoned ‘Bushland’...... 19 3.2.4 Adopt a Plot Program ...... 20 3.2.5 Streets Alive Program ...... 21 3.3 Views ...... 21 3.4 Structures ...... 22 3.5 Reserve Use ...... 22 3.6 Access and Circulation ...... 24 3.6.1 Access ...... 24 3.6.2 Barriers to Access ...... 25

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management 04/13 (MW – OSE) Page 1 3.6.3 Accessing the Water ...... 25 3.6.4 Circulation ...... 25 3.7 Landscape Upgrading Works ...... 26 3.8 Pollution ...... 28 3.8.1 Urban Runoff and Stormwater ...... 29 3.8.2 Weeds ...... 29 3.9 Management ...... 29 3.9.1 Maintenance ...... 30 3.9.2 Fire as a Bushland Management Tool ...... 31 3.9.3 Community Involvement ...... 31

4.0 Basis for Management ...... 32 4.1 Philosophical Basis for the Plan of Management ...... 32 4.2 Core Values and Management Objectives ...... 32 4.2.1 Values of Cremorne Reserve ...... 32 4.2.2 Management Objectives ...... 33

5.0 Policy, Implementation and Performance ...... 37 5.1 Matrix ...... 38 5.2 INDICATIVE WORKS PROGRAM ...... 76

6.0 Appendices and Supporting Material ...... 79 6.1 Appendix 1 - Explanation of Relevant Zones ...... 79 6.2 Appendix 2 - Definitions ...... 81 6.3 Appendix 3 – Tree Vandalism Policy ...... 82 6.4 Appendix 4 – NS Council’s Outdoor Fitness Training Code of Conduct...... 83 6.5 Appendix 5 – Cremorne Reserve – Fauna Species List ...... 85 6.6 Appendix 6 – Angophora Foreshore Forest - Species List ...... 88 6.7 Appendix 7 – Disclimax Sandstone Scrub – Species List ...... 91 6.8 Appendix 8 – Heritage Inventory Sheets ...... 94

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management 04/13 (MW – OSE) Page 2

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Management Context

Plans of Management are important documents providing clear guidelines for the effective short and long-term management of all land owned by Council or under Council’s control. Land affected by this Plan of Management is Crown reserve land. As such, the Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management takes into account the intentions of the Crown Lands Act 1989 and the principles of Crown Land Management, as well as being consistent with the Local Government Act 1993. This document supersedes Council’s Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management 2007.

This Plan of Management examines the broad range of issues associated with Cremorne Reserve in a comprehensive and holistic manner. The Plan draws on information contained in other significant planning documents as well as in previous in-house studies, incorporating them into a useful document that functions as one of Council’s primary management tools for the Reserve. The major relevant documents and studies include: . Local Government Act 1993 . Crown Lands Act 1989 . North Sydney Council 2020 Vision . North Sydney Council Delivery Program . Local Environmental Plan 2001, North Sydney Council . Recreation Needs Study 2005 . Water-based Recreation Needs Study 2007 . Foreshore Access Strategy 2007 . Open Space Provision Strategy 2009 . Towards Sustainability Plan 2004 . Cremorne Reserve Masterplan 1998 . Port Jackson Catchment Bushland Rehabilitation Plan – Cremorne Reserve 2012

Council’s generic Bushland, Foreshore Parks & Reserves and Playgrounds Plans of Management should also be referred to when reading this document, as specific features of the Reserve including its foreshore situation, the areas zoned ‘Bushland’ and the children's playground are also discussed in these documents.

1.2 Structure of the Plan of Management

The Plan of Management for Cremorne Reserve is divided into 6 parts.

Part 1 examines what a Plan of Management is, outlines the purpose and scope of the Plan, explains the linkage between this Plan of Management and Council's land management goals, and sets out the principles of Crown land management. This Part also sets out the importance of community involvement in the planning process.

Part 2 indicates the location of Cremorne Reserve, and examines its characteristics and resources. The function and use of the Reserve is also discussed.

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Part 3 identifies and examines the major planning issues essential to an understanding of the overall directions of the Plan of Management. Current management policies and practices are also discussed.

Part 4 is the philosophical basis for the Plan of Management. It details the significance of Cremorne Reserve and establishes the overall directions and objectives of management that guide policy development and formulation of the action plan.

Part 5 is the implementation and performance component of the Plan of Management. A matrix sets out the objectives, proposed actions and performance indicators for each issue, and each issue is given a priority rating. An indicative works program further details the staging of all discrete works and actions.

Part 6 contains the appendices as well as supporting material and background information which, though not essential to the basic understanding of the Plan, provide an important resource base for appreciating the value of Cremorne Reserve.

1.3 Purpose of the Plan of Management

Publicly accessible open space is an important component of the urban environment, providing opportunities for recreation and leisure. The Plan of Management for Cremorne Reserve provides an overall framework for management of this significant reserve for at least the next 5 years.

The production of this Plan of Management is closely linked with Council’s overall land management objectives, as set out in the North Sydney Council Delivery Program:

The 4 year fixed term Delivery Program replaces the former 3-year Council Management Plan, and describes the actions required to achieve the objectives outlined in the 2020 Vision. North Sydney Council’s 2020 Vision is our most important strategic document; it sets a strategic direction for where the North Sydney community wants to be in the year 2020.

The following information, relevant to Cremorne Reserve, has been taken from the North Sydney Council Delivery Program.

Council’s goals with regard to bushland and public open space (encompassed in the Delivery Program under Direction 1 – ‘Our Living Environment’) are to:

. 1.1 ‘Enhance the local natural environment and urban greenspace’.

. 1.4 ‘Provide appropriate public open space, recreation facilities and services’.

The following objectives are derived from these goals:

. 1.1.1 ‘To protect, enhance and rehabilitate native vegetation communities and ecosystems’.

. 1.4.1 ‘To ensure existing parks and reserves meet the community’s recreational needs’.

The following strategies will help achieve these objectives:

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. 1.1.1.1 ‘Conduct baseline mapping of North Sydney’s flora species and vegetation communities and assess ecological condition’. . 1.1.1.2 ‘Rehabilitate bushland areas’. . 1.1.1.4 ‘Monitor and address threats to biodiversity using best practice’. . 1.1.1.5 ‘Implement community education programs regarding enhancement of the natural environment’. . 1.4.1.2 ‘Provide a range of recreational facilities for people of all ages’. . 1.4.1.3 ‘Secure additional grant funding for the upgrade of recreational facilities’. . 1.4.1.5 ‘Improve equity of access to open space and recreation facilities’.

This Plan of Management examines the present-day condition and characteristics of Cremorne Reserve. It identifies clear objectives and establishes directions for planning, resource management and maintenance. It clarifies and establishes management policy and direction, both to Council staff and the general public. The Plan of Management provides a basis for assigning priorities in works programming and budgeting.

This Plan of Management will be reviewed regularly to assess implementation. A major review after approximately 5 years will allow policy and planning issues to be revisited and updated.

The land covered by this Plan of Management is zoned a combination of ‘Public Open Space’ and ‘Bushland’ under Council’s Local Environmental Plan 2001. Refer Appendix 1.

1.4 Use and Management of Crown Land

Cremorne Reserve is Crown land which has been reserved for public recreation. Because the Reserve is located on Crown land, this Plan of Management takes into account the following principles of Crown Land management as set out in the Crown Lands Act 1989 (Section 11):

(a) that environmental protection principles be observed in relation to the management and administration of Crown land, (b) that the natural resources of Crown land (including water, soil, flora, fauna and scenic quality) be conserved wherever possible, (c) that public use and enjoyment of appropriate Crown land be encouraged (d) that, where appropriate, multiple use of Crown land be encouraged, (e) that, where appropriate, Crown land should be used and managed in such a way that both the land and its resources are sustained in perpetuity, and (f) that Crown land be occupied, used, sold, leased, licensed or otherwise dealt with in the best interest of the State consistent with the above principles.

Uses and activities on land reserved for public purposes are broadly defined by the public purpose of the reservation, in conjunction with any conditions and provisions within the

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management 04/13 (MW – OSE) Page 5 specific zoning in the relevant local Council’s Local Environmental Plan. The land uses are then more specifically defined either by Plans of Management, leases and licences or a combination of both.

1.5 Community Consultation

Community consultation plays an important role in the production of Plans of Management. It provides Council with a sound understanding of relevant local issues from people who are familiar with and use the open space areas in question. To a large degree, the direction for the future development of open space is based on the views expressed by the general public.

Public involvement and consultation generates an understanding of Council's land management aims, combats misinformation and misunderstanding, and fosters support for Council's programs and policies. The consent and co-operation of the users of open space facilitates management and lends weight to the status of the Plan of Management for Cremorne Reserve.

Council’s Recreation Needs Study 2005 entailed a high degree of community and stakeholder involvement in its preparation. It provides information regarding community and stakeholder needs in Cremorne Reserve that has been incorporated into this document. Preparation of the Cremorne Reserve Masterplan 1998 was a direct result of the original Plan of Management. The Masterplan documents work required to upgrade and beautify the Reserve which is being implemented in stages. Originally prepared in 1999 and later updated in 2012, the ‘Bushland Rehabilitation Plan – Cremorne Reserve’ also provides specific information regarding characteristics and management of the areas of the Reserve zoned ‘Bushland’.

Exhibition of the draft Plan of Management for Cremorne Reserve for a 28-day period, followed by a 14-day period to receive submissions allows interested parties to comment on and have input into the final document. In order to generate widespread community awareness of the draft Plan of Management, the following steps have been undertaken:

Regular notices in Council’s corporate advertisement in the Mosman Daily

. Posting the draft document on Council’s website for information and comment and providing details of how to make a submission . Hard copies of the new draft Plan sent to Precincts in the vicinity of the Reserve . Known user and interest groups including all Precincts notified that a new draft Plan is on display, and inviting comments . Hard copies of the draft document available from Council’s Customer Service Centre, free of charge, upon request

Writing a Submission

Submissions give stakeholders an opportunity to express their opinions, provide information and suggest alternatives to Council's proposed management strategies for Cremorne Reserve in the coming years.

To ensure submissions are as effective as possible:

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management 04/13 (MW – OSE) Page 6 (1) List all points according to the section and page number in the Plan of Management. (2) Briefly describe each subject or issue you wish to discuss. (3) State which strategies you agree or disagree with, and give reasons. (4) Suggest alternatives to deal with any issue with which you disagree.

Written submissions should be sent to:

The General Manager North Sydney Council P O Box 12 NORTH SYDNEY NSW 2059

Attention: Ms Megan White Landscape Planner

Fax No: 9936-8177 Email: [email protected]

Comments regarding this or any other adopted Plan of Management may be submitted at any time. Each Plan of Management is reviewed regularly, and at the time of the review new issues and actions can be incorporated and existing actions amended. All adopted Plans of Management are available on Council’s website: www.northsydney.nsw.gov.au

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2.0 Reserve Characteristics and Resources

2.1 Site Location and General Description

Cremorne Reserve fringes Cremorne Point, a narrow peninsula on the northern foreshore of Sydney Harbour, situated between Mosman Bay to the east and Shell Cove to the west. The Reserve extends inland from the harbour an average distance of 30 metres (100 ft), it covers approximately 3 kilometres of water frontage and encapsulates the Cremorne Point residential precinct. Refer Map 1 – Cremorne Reserve.

Vehicular access to Cremorne Reserve is limited due to the topography of the peninsula. Milson Road provides the principal access to the southern end of the Reserve and Cremorne Wharf. Other local roads include Cremorne and Kareela Roads, Bogota and Wulworra Avenues and Green Street. Vehicular access within the Reserve is restricted to maintenance and emergency vehicles only, except with the prior consent of Council. Pedestrian access is via a main foreshore pathway that runs the length of the Reserve and connects to a foreshore path in the adjacent Mosman Council area. Secondary pathways provide access to the water's edge, and to Reserve features including Maccallum Pool, Lex and Ruby's Garden and the Sydney Amateur Sailing Club.

The general absence of fencing or other forms of boundary definition contributes to a blending of public and private open space; a feature of the Reserve that has both pros and cons. Some private gardens encroach onto the Reserve; appearing to the casual observer to be a part of the Reserve. Below the formed pedestrian pathway the Reserve is characterised by bushland, informal garden areas and expanses of mown grass with scattered specimen tree cover. On the eastern side of Cremorne Reserve, Lex and Ruby Graham Gardens is an attractive and well-loved feature and a unique example of private embellishment of public land.

The tip of Cremorne Point is known as Robertsons Point. This area is characterised by remnant indigenous vegetation atop rugged sandstone cliffs. A walking track winds through native vegetation, leading to a small lookout featuring panoramic harbour views. Extending from the water below the track head is a small lighthouse, accessed via a suspended walkway.

Recreational facilities in the Reserve include a children's playground, a public amenities block and Maccallum Pool, a public swimming pool operated by North Sydney Council. The pool occupies a low-key position in the Reserve, screened from the adjacent pathway by dense vegetation.

2.2 Significance of Cremorne Reserve

Cremorne Reserve has considerable recreational, social, scenic and environmental significance. For these reasons it is listed as a heritage item in Council’s Local Environmental Plan 2001. It is an attractive, high profile green space that provides an attractive land-water interface on the Cremorne Point peninsula, and contrasts with the surrounding densely built-up urban areas.

The entire Reserve is listed as a heritage item in Council’s Heritage Database. The inventory sheet describes its significance as: (an) ‘important harbourside foreshore reserve and the most substantial example in the municipality of the imposition of the 100ft Reservation applied from 1828. Associated with early public and government action to

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management 04/13 (MW – OSE) Page 8 Map 1- Cremorne Reserve

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The shape of the Reserve, and the lighthouse located at the tip of Robertsons Point make it an important harbour landmark. From Robertsons Point, the view stretches from North Head and Bradleys Head in the northeast, all the way around the eastern suburbs, to the city and Harbour Bridge in the west.

Unique features of Cremorne Reserve include Lex and Ruby Graham Gardens and Maccallum Pool. Parts of the Reserve have a bushland character, precious in an urban, foreshore environment, and there is evidence of the original Aboriginal inhabitants including middens and rock shelters. Other parts of the Reserve have an attractive and highly valued ‘English Garden’ ambience, characterised by areas of lawn and exotic plantings. Many of the adjacent residences are of architectural interest and importance. Cremorne Point is a Heritage Conservation Area with special development controls in place to conserve its unique character.

Cremorne Reserve is an important recreation resource for locals and the wider Sydney community. Popular activities include picnicking, walking, relaxing, socialising, jogging, swimming, fishing and viewing the harbour and city. Its location on the northern shores of Sydney harbour and its 2 ferry wharves make it an accessible destination for day-trippers. Continuing enhancement of all North Sydney’s parks and reserves is an ongoing commitment for Council. Map 2 – Cremorne Reserve and Surrounds, shows the site in its wider context.

2.3 Site History

As with much of the harbour foreshore, Cremorne Point was a significant area for the Cammeraygal, the Aboriginal clan of the area. The nature of the site as a topographical vantage point and its close proximity to bountiful seafood supplies would have ensured its popularity. The existence of shell middens, rock engravings, axe sharpening grooves and rock art in the Reserve confirm the site's use as a hunting and camping ground and a place where families came together for thousands of years. The Cammeraygal people skilfully used fire to maintain open spaces, to hunt, and to nurture and promote certain bush tucker plants. The Aboriginal name for the Point is ‘Wulworra jeung’.

The mooring of the First Fleet in Farm Cove directly opposite Cremorne Point in 1788 heralded the area's transformation. While the initial focus of development was on the southern side of the harbour, settlements soon spread to encompass small outposts on the northern foreshore. The original Cremorne Point land grant of 1823 was further subdivided in the 1890s into allotments of consistent size and orientation. This subdivision pattern remains largely intact.

In 1823, 86 acres of Cremorne Point was granted to Scottish watchmaker James Robertson. In 1853 the land was sold to James Milson, and 3 years later 22 acres was leased to J R Clarke and his partner Woolcott who turned the area into an amusement park called Cremorne Gardens, based on a similar pleasure garden in London. The Gardens closed after 6 years, and in 1891 the land was sold for housing, with the exception of a narrow strip of foreshore land 100 feet wide, above the high water mark.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management 04/13 (MW – OSE) Page 9 Map2 Cremorne Reserve & Surrounds

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In 1894 Rev WB Clarke discovered a coal seam under the harbour and proposed to mine it from Cremorne. A 10ft coal seam at a depth of nearly 3000m was discovered using a diamond drill. Fortunately conservation-minded residents were successful in opposing the mining proposal, and the Point remained relatively unscathed until the first residential subdivision in 1903. Cremorne Reserve was officially gazetted in 1905.

With the opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge in 1932, the North Sydney area changed rapidly. In particular, foreshore land came under strong pressure for housing development. Most of the buildings in Cremorne Point date from the Federation housing period through to the 1920s and 1930s. There are many fine examples of houses and apartment buildings and a number of large guesthouses were established on the Point in the 1920s as Cremorne became a tourist destination.

As subdivisions grew, so too did the pressure on available recreation areas. Clearing was initially carried out at Cremorne Reserve in an attempt to recreate the parkland atmosphere of England. Exotic trees were established in well-maintained lawn areas. Subsequently various embellishment works were carried out including the construction of facilities such as Maccallum Pool in the 1930s, the upgrading of pathways, drainage reticulation and other services and the development of grassed picnic areas. Paralleling improvements carried out by government was the embellishment of sections of the Reserve by local residents. The development of Lex and Ruby Graham Gardens has been an integral part of the history of Cremorne Point, since its inception in 1962.

Contract bush regenerators first commenced work in Cremorne Reserve in the 1990s. Their tasks included primary and secondary weeding around existing pockets of remnant native vegetation and rehabilitation of stormwater drainage lines and hard surface runoff areas existing in the bushland. Bushcare Groups working in the Reserve since 1993 have assisted with the construction of steps, erosion control devices and a mini-sedimentation pond. They have also undertaken many planting projects which have assisted the rehabilitation of bushland areas. Today, participants in Council’s Adopt-a-Plot program are also helping to improve the quality of the bushland areas of the Reserve.

2.4 Physical Characteristics

2.4.1 Geomorphology

Cremorne Point is located within the Sydney Basin, a geological province characterised by sedimentary rocks, with some localised igneous activity. Metamorphic rocks are generally rare, with minor occurrences towards the edges of the basin. Overlying the deep Permian rock strata are the Triassic sediments. These dominate the geology of the basin, and include (in chronological order of deposition) the Narrabeen, Hawkesbury and Wianamatta rock groupings. Hawkesbury sandstone is the principal rock underlying the Cremorne Peninsula and can be seen outcropping in numerous areas in the Reserve.

Hawkesbury sandstone is usually found in massive units with the occasional thin layer of shale or siltstone. Generally softer than the surrounding sandstone material, the shale or siltstone erodes more rapidly leaving characteristic channels or grooves, a distinctive feature of Hawkesbury sandstone. A gradual process of chemical and physical weathering has sculpted the massive units that make up Cremorne Point into their present form.

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2.4.2 Soils

The endemic soils of Cremorne Point are largely a function of the underlying sandstone geology. The nature of the Hawkesbury sandstone parent material produces poorly developed soil with a high sand component and low organic matter. Sandstone topography is characteristically rugged, severely limiting the build-up of soil-forming detritus. Mean depth from soil surface to bedrock within the Reserve is approximately 400 mm. The free- draining nature of sandy soil, combined with the relatively high rainfall of the Sydney coastal area (>1000 mm/yr) results in a strong leaching action. This loss of nutrients, combined with the low nutrient status of the parent material produces a soil with low fertility. Soil surveys of the Reserve have also noted the presence of small lenses of an infertile yellow clay material, characteristic of Hawkesbury sandstone geology, such as occurs in the vicinity of Old Cremorne Wharf.

Over time, human presence in the Cremorne Point area has modified the naturally occurring soil profile. While Aboriginal inhabitants influenced soil development through the use of fire and building of shell middens, European settlement has had a far greater impact on the soils of the area with the clearing of land for agriculture and the development of gardens surrounding residences.

The loss of vegetation cover resulted in accelerated erosion of an intrinsically shallow soil profile. More fertile soils were imported to replace or supplement the existing soils, in addition to the use of fertilisers and other chemicals. The dumping of rubbish and construction debris and installation of underground services also contributed to disturbance of the natural soil profile.

Discharges of stormwater from residences adjacent to the Reserve and sewer leaks continue to cause problems, although these have lessened following rectification works carried out by Council, particularly in the bushland sections of the Reserve. Soil tests undertaken have indicated abnormal levels of phosphates, increased salinity, altered pH and high concentrations of metals in the vicinity of stormwater drain outfalls.

Soils in the Robertsons Point area have undergone relatively little modification, aside from superficial disturbance due to clearing, the dumping of rubbish and fill material (from the Maccallum pool excavation), and general recreational activities.

2.4.3 Vegetation

Prior to European settlement, Cremorne Point was, like much of Sydney Harbour's sandstone foreshores, covered with a mix of open forest, rainforest margin and heath plant communities. The irregular nature of the sandstone bedrock provided a variety of habitat for the original native plant communities to colonise.

Eucalypt and Angophora trees 10 to 20 metres tall would have dominated the open forest communities growing in the Cremorne Point area. On exposed slopes, Sydney Peppermint (Eucalyptus piperita), the Sydney Red Gum (Angophora costata) and occasional Red Bloodwood (Eucalyptus gummifera) would have been found. The Black She-oak (Allocasuarina littoralis) was also common, often forming dense thickets. On the more sheltered aspects of Cremorne Point, the original open forest may have contained rainforest margin plants including Turpentines (Syncarpia glomulifera), Cheese Trees (Glochidion ferdinandii), Port Jackson Figs (Ficus rubiginosa) and smaller trees including Blueberry Ash (Elaeocarpus reticulatus), Christmas Bush (Ceratopetalum gummiferum),

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management 04/13 (MW – OSE) Page 11 and Pittosporum (Pittosporum undulatum). Understorey plants would have included species such as Common Apple Berry (Billadiera scandens), Sarsparilla (Smilax glyciphylla), and Bracken (Pteridium esculentum).

The shallower soils, poorly drained areas and rocky exposed sections of the peninsula would have originally supported heath and scrub communities. Heath consists of plants generally below 2 metres tall, whilst scrub may reach up to 4 metres. Species include Heath Banksia (Banksia ericifolia) and Scrub She Oak (Allocasuarina distyla), with occasional emergent trees including Scribbly Gum (Eucalyptus haemastoma) and Red Bloodwood.

The history of European settlement and development has impacted heavily on the native vegetation of Cremorne Point, with the majority of plant communities having been disturbed to varying degrees. Initial clearing of native vegetation and subsequent introduction of exotic species attempted to recreate the Park-like environment of England.

Today Cremorne Reserve consists of a mix of native and exotic vegetation. Areas of introduced lawn grasses complemented with exotic plantings that are reminiscent of European parkland areas are interspersed with areas of remnant bushland. Many of the large residences adjoining the Reserve have significant ornamental gardens.

Weeds Due to its long, thin size and shape both bushland areas and the Reserve’s more formal, gardens plantings are constantly under threat from weed invasion. The spread of weed species is closely linked to the spread of residential development adjoining Cremorne Reserve.

Weed varieties in Cremorne Reserve include some of the more common perennial species such as Asparagus Fern, Madeira Vine, Asthma Weed, Morning Glory, Balloon Vine, Ochna, Cobbler's Peg, Crofton Weed, Fishbone Fern, and Tradescantia. Larger woody weeds in the Reserve include Lantana and Small-leaved Privet. Exotic tree species with weed status include Chinese Celtis, Camphor Laurel, Coral trees and Large-leaved Privet. A large number of introduced grass species are also present.

Although weeds remain an issue throughout much of Cremorne Reserve, in recent years a mix of Bushcare volunteers, local residents (through the ‘Adopt a Plot’ Program), contract bush regenerators and Council’s garden maintenance staff have reclaimed and transformed many formerly weed infested areas.

Attempts to remove weed growth from some sections of the Reserve are hindered by problems including a lack of funding, difficult access, erosion potential, drainage issues, a shortage of skilled labour, and the ongoing pressures caused by concentrated recreational use. The many storm water outlets in the Reserve also influence the abundance of weeds at specific locations, and plumes of Tradescantia arise from enriched stormwater emissions. Another factor limiting weed control activities is the preservation of fauna habitat. The presence of Lantana camara is tolerated for this reason.

Whilst ongoing weed control is essential for continuing bushland rehabilitation processes, in some areas of Cremorne Reserve where bushland resilience has been largely lost, there is a need to temporarily retain dense weed thickets as habitat refuges for sensitive native wildlife such as the White-browed Scrubwren. It is critical that these refuges remain in place until alternative native habitat is created through the bushland rehabilitation program.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management 04/13 (MW – OSE) Page 12 2.5 Fauna

Prior to European settlement, the rugged topography of Cremorne Point provided a range of habitat types for a variety of fauna. Surrounded on three sides by water, the peninsula offered a relatively safe haven for small mammals such as wallabies, bandicoots, and quolls (native cats). Lizards and other reptiles would have frequented the many rock outcrops in search of warmth. The larger trees supported tree-dwelling marsupials such as possums, as well as a variety of birds. The strong relationship between the Cremorne peninsula and the waters of Sydney Harbour would have been reflected in relatively large numbers of ocean-going bird species including Little Penguins.

With European settlement came fragmentation of habitat and the introduction of non- native animal species. Indigenous species became increasingly confined to dwindling islands of undisturbed environment. Feral species further impacted on these vulnerable communities, either directly by predation or through competition for scarce resources.

Today, the present communities bear little resemblance to those existing prior to European occupation, and the most commonly occurring animal species are those that have adapted to live in close proximity to human settlement including introduced species such as foxes, cats, dogs, rats and mice. Despite the cumulative effect of these impacts over time, Cremorne Reserve still provides habitat for a relatively diverse array of important native fauna. For example, Tawny Frogmouths nest in the area annually, and the Grey-headed Flying Fox is often seen passing over the Reserve. The endangered Eastern Bent-wing Bat and Powerful Owl have been recorded in the reserve recently and the numerous possum dreys in the midstorey and canopy of the bushland indicate the presence of Ring-tailed Possums.

Cremorne Reserve functions as a rest stop for many of the Flying-foxes as they regularly travel in summer from Gordon just after dusk to feed. The Flying-fox is an important pollinator for the remnant forests of the Sydney Region.

Cremorne Reserve is home to many bird species; with the larger bird species including the Pied Currawong and Australian Magpie being more common than the smaller wrens and robins. Airborne migratory bird species such as the Channel-billed Cuckoo and the Common Koel are also found in the Reserve. These birds rely on the areas of bushland as breeding sites and to nourish themselves for the long journey back home to Papua New Guinea each year.White-browed scrub wrens can be found sheltering in Lantana in the Reserve.

Water birds including the Great Cormorant and Silver Gull are also frequently seen along the foreshore areas. A small group of Little Penguins occasionally feed in Mosman Bay, and a Leopard Seal has also been seen swimming off the Reserve.

The aim of Council’s Port Jackson Bushland Rehabilitation Plan 2012 (Cremorne Point) is to restore and preserve habitat for the fauna species listed below: - Brushtail and Ringtail Possums - Grey-headed Flying-fox - Common Eastern Froglet - Water Dragons, Golden-crowned Snakes and Burtons Legless Lizard - Crimson Rosella - Little Pied and Little Black Cormorant - Southern Figbird - Superb Blue Fairy-wren

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management 04/13 (MW – OSE) Page 13 - Variegated Fairy-wren - White-browed Scrubwren - Eastern Whipbird - Tawny Frogmouth - Visiting owls such as the Powerful Owl and Barn Owl - Migratory seabirds and other seasonal visitors

2.6 Features of the Reserve

Cremorne Reserve contains many interesting cultural and historical features including Maccallum Pool, Robertsons Point Lighthouse, Lex and Ruby Graham Gardens, an Aboriginal shelter and an interpretive walking trail. The Sydney Amateur Sailing Club, Cremorne Wharf and Old Cremorne Wharf all abut the Reserve.

2.6.1 Maccallum Pool

Located on the western side of Cremorne Point, Maccallum Pool is a unique harbourside pool with heritage character and superb views. It is described in the North Sydney Heritage Study Review 1993 as: 'One of the last remaining municipal harbourside pools on the north side of the harbour'. The pool was originally just a rock pool created by local residents to form a safe harbour swimming hole. From the 1920s, North Sydney Council and residents worked to beautify the pool site, and in 1930 Council took over the bathing pool, renaming it Maccallum Pool in recognition of the valuable work carried out there by Mr. Maccallum, a local resident. The architectural style of the current pool dates back to the 1920s and the pool was restored in keeping with this heritage theme by Council in 1985-86.

2.6.2 Robertsons Point Lighthouse

A small, active lighthouse located at Robertsons Point is a major visual element of Cremorne Point, particularly when the peninsula is viewed from the Harbour. The sibling of the lighthouse at Bradleys Head, the Robertsons Point lighthouse is mounted on a rock and connected to shore by a footbridge. The light is operated by the Sydney Ports Corporation, while the site is managed by North Sydney Council as part of Cremorne Reserve. The site is open and publicly accessible however the tower is closed.

2.6.3 Lex and Ruby Graham Gardens

This National Trust listed garden is an outstanding example of beautification and embellishment of publicly owned land by local residents. Lovingly created over many years by Lex and Ruby Graham, the Garden can be accessed via the public walkway between Nos. 31 and 33 Cremorne Road.

The Garden started in 1959, with a bulb from an ‘elephant ear’ plant, washed up in a rock pool, then retrieved and planted by Lex. Ruby and Lex worked together pulling out lantana and removing the old bottles, washing machines and other rubbish that their weeding exposed. They created a network of pathways and terraces and kept planting until they had created a magnificent garden of both native and exotic species. The Garden is visited by walking groups and garden lovers, and is used by children as an adventure playground. The original ‘elephant ear’ is still there.

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2.6.4 Foreshore Pathway and Interpretive Walk

The Cremorne Point Foreshore Walk is one of North Sydney Council's most prized assets and one of the area’s most popular walks. Overlooking Mosman Bay on the east side and Shell Cove on the west, the walk offers magnificent panoramic views of Sydney Harbour, the Harbour Bridge and the City.

The Walk is a loop track, which can be started at any of the three main entrance points: Bogota Avenue, at the bottom of the steps at the eastern end of Hodgson Avenue, or above Cremorne Wharf. Trackhead information signs with maps and general information are placed at each of these entrances. A series of interpretative signs placed along the foreshore walk encourage pedestrians to examine the rich history of Cremorne Point, and to gain a better understanding of its present and the future.

The interpretative signs convey information about the original Aboriginal inhabitants, the early Cremorne Gardens, the architectural heritage of buildings adjoining the Reserve, the impact of development on the Reserve's flora and fauna and the work being done to bring back the bush. The walk continues around the shores of Mosman Bay and into the adjacent Mosman Council area.

The interpretive signs are currently in poor condition, due to weathering in this harsh foreshore location. Replacing the original signs with new ones has been scheduled to occur within the life of this Plan.

2.6.5 Children’s Playground

Located at its southernmost tip, at the junction of two major pathways, Robertsons Point is the hub of Cremorne Reserve and the halfway point for anyone walking the loop track around the Reserve. The children’s playground is situated here, adjoining a grassy lawn area suitable for picnics, close to toilet facilities and close to both ferry and bus terminals. The area features formal plantings, natural bushland and an open lawn area, and it offers spectacular harbour views.

A comprehensive upgrade and refurbishment of the Cremorne Reserve playground is currently being undertaken due to age and wear and tear on the original equipment. The new playground has been carefully designed to have a style and character that complements the Reserve and its harbour foreshore location. It will be attractive and visually low-key, and will capitalise on shade provided by existing trees. It will accommodate many users in a relatively small space, and offer a broad range of activities; from popular traditional items such as swings to more innovative play items and outdoor exercise facilities.

2.6.6 Other Reserve Features

Scattered remains of smelting slag and coke are visible on the foreshore in front of no. 5 Green Street. These are the remains of a former copper smelting works established in the 1840s in a site that took advantage of the convenient water access. The area is significant as the site of one of Sydney’s early industrial enterprises.

Old Cremorne Wharf is a relic of the early residential development of Cremorne Point. It continues nearly a century of use as a commuter ferry landing. It is an element in the history of the transport system based on the waterway.

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A cluster of features are located in the vicinity of Robertsons Point including an accessible public amenities block, a small stone shed, the children’s playground (described previously) and associated lawn area and picnic tables.

The adjacent Cremorne Point residential area features a mix of single-family dwellings, residential flat buildings, hostels and hotels. The architectural character, although varied in style, is generally of high quality. Many well-preserved examples of Federation style architecture are featured as well as dwellings from the interwar period and a number of more recent constructions. Many of the buildings are partially screened from both the Reserve and harbour by native and exotic vegetation.

2.7 Current Activities in the Reserve

Cremorne Reserve is one of North Sydney’s most popular reserves, attracting local residents as well as visitors from further afield. Common activities include walking, jogging, relaxing, socialising, photography, exercising, on-leash dog walking and viewing the harbour and city. Gently sloping grassed areas cater for informal activities such as picnicking, while the rugged, bushland character of much of the Reserve provides opportunities for activities such as bird watching and nature appreciation.

Specific facilities in the Reserve cater for other types of recreation. Located on the western side of Cremorne Point, on the harbour’s edge, Maccallum pool is a popular spot for swimming, and the waterside timber deck, used for sunbathing and general relaxation, affords superb views of the harbour and city. The children’s playground attracts children of all ages, and the water's edge of the Reserve is associated with activities including small boat storage, mooring access and fishing.

Many visitors come to enjoy the well kept gardens both adjacent to and within the Reserve. Lex and Ruby's Garden is a much-visited feature of this type. The main foreshore path is frequented by people walking for pleasure and exercise, and by commuters walking from the adjacent residential areas to the ferry terminals and vice versa.

Since 1993 the Cremorne Point Bushcare Group has worked in the bushland sections of the Reserve; carrying out bush regeneration, revegetation and erosion control under the supervision of qualified Council bush regenerators or contractors. The Group meets on a monthly basis from February to November and works on sites at Robertsons Point and on the Shell Cove side of the Reserve, near Bogota Avenue.

In 2005, Council, local Bushcare volunteers and residents partnered to seek grant funding for a new approach to community engagement in bushland rehabilitation. The successful Envirofund application enabled the creation of Council’s Adopt-a-Plot program which provides an opportunity for local residents to ‘adopt’ a section of bushland, usually at the rear of their property and work one-on-one with a Council bush regenerator to rehabilitate the area. Alternately, time-poor residents can elect to co-fund the cost of employing a professional bush regenerator to work in their ‘plot’. The program has been successful and is now replicated in other bushland reserves across North Sydney.

In addition to Bushcare volunteers and Adopt-a-Plot participants, Council also employs the services of professional bush regeneration contractors to facilitate implementation of the Cremorne Reserve Bushland Rehabilitation Plan. Whilst funding for this work is limited, ongoing communication and coordination between these programs is achieving tangible improvements to bushland condition and its ability to sustain key native wildlife species.

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3.0 Planning Issues

3.1 Landscape Character

The existing landscape character of Cremorne Reserve has evolved over time in response to strong physical and social influences. These influences continue to mould the present Reserve environs. It is important to monitor and manage these influences so as those contributing to desirable landscape characteristics may be retained and enhanced and those negatively influencing landscape quality may be identified and removed.

Vegetation is a major variable influencing landscape character. The older, exotic planting within Cremorne Reserve is part of North Sydney's cultural heritage and contributes significantly to the quality and character of the Reserve environment. The preservation and ongoing maintenance of significant specimen trees is important if the positive contribution they make to the character of the Reserve is to be retained.

The types of plants used in adjacent private gardens also have a significant effect on the landscape character of Cremorne Reserve. The larger tree and shrub species act as visual backdrops, screening residences from the Reserve. In an attempt to maintain views from these residences, taller vegetation is often avoided, and buildings are often at least partially visible along the Reserve boundary.

Weeds in Cremorne Reserve continue to require management. In some areas, the planting of unsuitable plant species in gardens within the Reserve has resulted in weed infestation of adjacent natural areas. Inadequately maintained private gardens can also be the source for weed escapes, which infest adjacent Reserve areas. Many areas of the Reserve are steep and rocky, making eradication difficult. Weed stocks are continually replenished via agents such as wind, water, birds and other animals as well as through the movement of people and illegal dumping of garden waste. The absence of a natural fire regime has also affected bushland condition and led to reduced species diversity. In recent years Council’s garden maintenance staff together with participants in Council’s Bushcare and Adopt-a-Plot programs have succeeded in controlling weeds in active Plots, and reducing the overall amount of weeds in the Reserve.

Landscape elements including trees, shrubs and ground covers are both functional and attractive components of Cremorne Reserve. Planting contributes greatly to the visual character of the Reserve when viewed from both within the Reserve and from the water. The planting of appropriate vegetation creates a buffer for core bushland and expands habitat availability for wildlife, attracting native birds and animals back to the urban area. Trees also create shady areas used by people relaxing and picnicking in the Reserve.

3.2 Vegetation Management

Council’s Urban Forest Policy sets out the proven services and benefits that trees provide in an urban environment: . They cool the city; shade from trees prevents surrounding surfaces from heating up and moisture released from leaves as part of the photosynthetic growth process, humidifies the air . They improve air quality by absorbing and sequestering carbon . They improve water quality by reducing the amount of surface runoff and filtering

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management 04/13 (MW – OSE) Page 17 nutrients from stormwater before it enters the harbour . They enhance liveability, enhance our health and well-being and reduce stress . They provide food and shelter for a diverse range of organisms

All new planting in Cremorne Reserve should be sympathetic to the existing established landscape character of the various sections of the Reserve. By striving to improve the quality of vegetation in Cremorne Reserve, Council is helping to increase biodiversity in the area. By carefully selecting species based on mature size, foliage density, growth habit and branching structure in the vicinity of popular vantage points, scenic views can be maintained.

In accordance with Council’s Street Tree Strategy and the Urban Forest Strategy, Council is aiming for 100% canopy cover in the bushland zoned areas and at least 50% cover in the open space zoned sections of Cremorne Reserve, in line with available tree maintenance resources. New trees will be sited taking access, sightlines, solar access, spacings and mature tree dimensions into account.

Objectives of Council’s Urban Forest Strategy relevant to Cremorne Reserve include: . To value and manage the urban forest as an integral and essential component of urban infrastructure . To plant a diverse range of both native and exotic species to reflect both the local indigenous landscape and our cultural heritage of exotic plantings, so that the existing character is maintained . To ensure continuous canopy cover by providing a range of age classes within the urban forest tree population . To maximise the health and longevity of all canopy trees through management practices that meet industry best practice standards . To manage urban forest in a manner that maintains tree risk at an acceptable level . To ensure that all trees that have to be removed are replaced wherever feasible . To plant the largest growing and longest lived species of tree possible for the given growing conditions and site constraints taking into consideration such issues as soils, climate, physical access, existing vegetation, scenic views and solar access

3.2.1 Maintenance of Trees on Public Land

Essential Pruning Council only prunes trees where the pruning is essential to maintain the health of the tree or to ensure safety of persons or protect property. Council prunes in accordance with the Australian Standard for Pruning of Amenity Trees and will generally only prune for the following reasons: . To provide clearance for traffic, and vision of essential traffic signage . To allow pedestrian access . To provide safety clearances around buildings and services . To train young trees to an appropriate form . To maintain a safe tree crown (ie remove dead or damaged branches)

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management 04/13 (MW – OSE) Page 18 Council does not prune privately owned trees however where private trees are encroaching into target clearance spaces, Council may issue a notice to the tree's legal owners requiring them to prune the tree.

Cosmetic Pruning Cosmetic pruning encompasses pruning practices that are not essential to public safety or the health of the tree. Examples include: . Thinning for views or light penetration . Shaping for aesthetic reasons . Removal of overhanging branches beyond Council's target clearances . Shaping or selective pruning to improve visibility of advertising or other 'non-traffic' signage Council does not carry out cosmetic pruning but Council policy allows residents to make application to the Tree Preservation Officer to carry out cosmetic pruning at their own expense. Permission may be granted where such work will not compromise the health, safety or integrity of the tree or adversely affect public amenity. The work must be carried out by a qualified arborist under Council supervision with all costs to be borne by the applicant. Council does not allow cosmetic pruning of any vegetation located on land zoned ‘Bushland’.

3.2.2 Vegetation Management in areas zoned ‘Bushland’

Objectives for the parts of Cremorne Reserve zoned ‘Bushland’ are set out in Council’s Port Jackson Catchment Bushland Rehabilitation Plan – Cremorne Reserve 2012: . To conserve and restore the remnant indigenous plant communities of the area . To rehabilitate disturbed bushland edges to reflect the floristic and structural diversity of former vegetation communities . To conserve locally rare flora species and promote biodiversity . To protect and conserve areas of Aboriginal heritage . To control and reduce the spread of weeds throughout the bushland . To provide habitat for the local indigenous fauna and encourage the creation of corridors to other bushland parcels . To minimise the effects of stormwater pollution and urban runoff on the surrounding bushland . To minimise the spread of weed species from adjacent land . To facilitate residents wishing to regenerate remnant bushland in their backyards or recreate the bushland which once existed there . To provide for responsible reserve use whilst protecting remnant bushland

3.2.3 Removal of exotic trees from areas zoned ‘Bushland’

Council only removes exotic trees from areas zoned ‘Bushland’ for reasons of safety, or where they are identified in existing bushland rehabilitation plans. Removal of exotic trees occurs gradually, over time, to ensure there is no significant loss of canopy cover.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management 04/13 (MW – OSE) Page 19 Replanting of appropriate native species takes place in association with the removal work.

In Cremorne Reserve, Coral Trees (Erythrina sp.) in areas zoned ‘Bushland’ are being gradually removed and replaced with indigenous canopy species, such as Sydney Red Gums (Angophora costata). Coral Trees have a deleterious impact on bushland biodiversity by out-competing native species and simplifying the structural complexity of habitat layers within a bushland ecosystem. Their ability to prevent the germination and establishment of native species underneath their canopy reduces the habitat value of bushland areas for native fauna (particularly those that require dense shrub dominated habitats). For every Coral Tree removed in a bushland area, many more native grasses, shrubs and canopy species either regenerate naturally or are planted to compensate for the removal.

Mature Coral Trees situated in other parts of Cremorne Reserve will be retained until they reach their safe life expectancy. These trees benefit birds including Rainbow Lorikeets, for whom they are a food source. Self-sown Coral Trees in all areas will be managed to prevent future establishment. Before any exotic tree is removed, its potential habitat value (presence of hollows etc) is assessed and considered.

3.2.4 Adopt a Plot Program

The ‘Adopt a Plot’ program sees participants team up with one of Council’s qualified bush regenerators to care for a 'plot' in the Reserve near their home. A commitment of only 3 hours a month is required. Qualified bush regenerators assist participants by: . Identifying the range of weeds in the plot and formulating a rehabilitation plan . Coordinating the implementation of this plan in partnership with the participant . Teaching participants to identify and control weeds as well as recognise native species . Ensuring the safety of participants and protection of the environment . Teaching participants that their actions are part of a long-term process

Alternatively, in-lieu of doing bush regeneration work, participants can donate money. During the grant-funded project period, participants donations were matched by the Envirofund Grant, which funded four hours of bush regeneration work on a 'plot' in Cremorne Reserve. Currently the resident donation is matched by North Sydney Council's Environmental Levy. Council provides discounts on a sliding scale for donors involved in the ‘Adopt a Plot’ program for more than a year.

The ‘Adopt a Plot’ program has significantly improved the quality of bushland in Cremorne Reserve. Although rehabilitating bushland through natural regeneration is a slow process, it is also the most effective process, as the original native plant species that naturally regenerate have a far better chance of out-competing weed invasion, resisting pests or disease, and surviving changing climatic conditions.

Planting locally-sourced native species at some plot sites has been necessary to overcome problems such as soil disturbance, rubbish dumping, and excess nutrients from sewerage or stormwater leaks, all of which reduce the likelihood of natural regeneration taking place. There are currently over 20 plots in the Reserve being rehabilitated by a combination of volunteers and professional bush regenerators under the auspices of the Adopt a Plot program.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management 04/13 (MW – OSE) Page 20 3.2.5 Streets Alive Program

Commenced in 1999, Council’s ‘Streets Alive’ initiative involves local residents in the design, planting and maintenance of various neighbourhood parks and street verges in the North Sydney area.

Working in co-operation with Council, groups of interested local residents have so far been responsible for the creation of a number of attractive new landscaped areas. Streets Alive projects are an on-going commitment; once a new landscaped area is created, regular maintenance, including working bees are required to sustain it.

There are currently several locations where residents whose properties back on to Cremorne Reserve look after public open space under the ‘Streets Alive’ program. All locations are on the ‘high’ side of the main pathway around the Reserve; between the pathway and the property boundary.

3.3 Views

One of the most important functions of North Sydney’s foreshore parks and reserves is as viewing points. Both local residents and visitors from further afield come to the foreshore areas in North Sydney to watch boats and other maritime activities, and to view the harbour and the city, both by day and by night.

Any new planting schemes or other developments proposed for Cremorne Reserve must consider not only the desired landscape character for each particular section of the Reserve, but the possible effects on views and vistas out of and within the Reserve. These views are of great importance, both to the function of the Reserve as a lookout and to neighbouring residents. Sporadic illegal poisoning of trees impeding views both in the Reserve and on adjoining private property highlights the level of importance some residents place on this issue.

In order to minimise future conflict, new planting and other development within the Reserve will carefully consider the potential impacts on views. However it is important to recognise and differentiate between planting and natural regeneration in the bushland areas of the Reserve. Whilst Council will take in to account existing view lines, when undertaking planting of canopy species in areas zoned ‘Bushland’, where these particular plants regenerate naturally, their growth will be protected and encouraged.

The indigenous vegetation of Cremorne Point was predominantly woodland which includes canopy trees 10-20 metres tall with several layers of understorey vegetation. Scenic views through such vegetation are naturally sporadic and localised, based on the landform (ie often only exposed rock ledges offer district or water views). Land zoned Bushland in Cremorne Reserve will therefore offer only isolated vantage points in the long term. Land zoned Public Open Space however, with traditional lawns, specimen plantings and formal gardens, is critical to maintaining the heritage character and the traditional function of Cremorne Point Reserve as a location to enjoy vistas across Sydney Harbour.

Council seeks to strike a balance between the provision of harbour views and the retention of a viable foreshore green belt. The aim of managing parks and reserves on the harbour foreshore, especially those that contain remnant bushland, is not to provide unrestricted views from all areas, but to provide a variety of viewing experiences. The appearance and ‘green character’ of the Reserve from the water must also be considered.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management 04/13 (MW – OSE) Page 21 3.4 Structures

Cremorne Reserve contains park furniture such as seats, picnic tables and bubblers, a pathway system, directional and interpretive signage, park lighting as well as a number of larger structures including Maccallum Pool, an amenities block, a children’s playground and a small stone shed used by Council maintenance workers. The Sydney Amateur Sailing Club is located on the harbour foreshore, immediately adjoining the Reserve at Green Street, a small lighthouse is located off the tip of Robertsons Point, and 2 public ferry wharves; Cremorne Wharf and Old Cremorne Wharf connect the Reserve to Sydney Harbour.

The provision of any new structures and facilities in Cremorne Reserve should be based on identified community need. Council’s Recreation Needs Study 2005 documents both general and specific works that the community and other stakeholders identified as being required throughout North Sydney’s parks and reserves. The Cremorne Reserve Masterplan 1998 also addressed the issue of providing adequate facilities according to predetermined levels of community need. Consideration must also be given to the suitable placement and aesthetic appearance and functionality of all park furniture, lighting, and other structures, to the needs of reserve users with disabilities, and any new items should be sympathetic to the existing character of the Reserve. Adequate upkeep of structures such as Maccallum Pool is important in ensuring the maintenance of visual quality as well as safety standards.

The playground on Robertsons Point is popular with children visiting the Reserve. Its imminent upgrading will result in a unique playground that provides facilities for children of all ages, as well as for parents, carers and others wishing to use the outdoor exercise equipment. The new playground will be visually attractive and well integrated into the surrounding landscape; it has been designed to reflect current trends in playground design and to accord with relevant safety standards. Safety considerations are paramount when dealing with the upkeep of children's play facilities, and it is important that this facility continues to be managed and maintained in such a way that it remains a safe, functional and attractive facility.

The Parks Amenities Buildings Condition Assessment Report 2007 found that the public amenities at Robertsons Point were generally in sound condition. Work required is set out in a 10-year plan. Tasks are generally those associated with ongoing maintenance, including internal and external repainting, annual gutter cleaning and repairs to fixtures and fittings, pest control, cleaning, and minor electrical and building repairs.

Opportunities to install public art in Cremorne Reserve should be examined if and when they arise. Examples of public art in North Sydney’s parks and reserves include sculptures in Clark Park, Bradfield Park, Kesterton Park and along the Lavender Bay foreshore. Public art can provide a point of interest and stimulate discussion, and it is generally well regarded and appreciated.

3.5 Reserve Use

Cremorne Reserve caters for the recreational needs of people of all ages living in the North Sydney area. Because of its size, its beauty, its prominent location and its easy accessibility, the Reserve is also well used by visitors to North Sydney. This Plan aims to provide guidelines to ensure the Reserve continues to be a high quality recreation facility and an attractive visual amenity.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management 04/13 (MW – OSE) Page 22 The extensive linear form, varied topography and distribution of open and vegetated areas make Cremorne Reserve well suited to a variety of recreational pursuits including walking, jogging, (on leash) dog-walking, picnicking and relaxing. The formal pathway follows the entire Cremorne Point foreshore, and continues into Mosman. Directional and interpretive signage along the foreshore pathway assists navigation and provides information about the Reserve’s past and present. Open grassy spaces afford casual reserve users pleasant spots to sit in both the sun and the shade.

The Reserve’s foreshore peninsula location means it is a popular lookout; attracting both local residents and visitors to the area to view the harbour and the city. Visiting the lighthouse at Robertsons Point and swimming in harbourside Maccallum Pool are also popular activities, and there are several foreshore areas around the Reserve used for dinghy storage.

The popularity of harbourside reserves such as Cremorne Reserve can lead to competition between the various user groups for available open space. In keeping with the Reserve's status as a significant public open space facility, it is important that a range of recreational opportunities are catered for, that people of all ages and abilities are accommodated, and that all uses are compatible with the Reserve’s function as an area for public recreation.

Open lawn areas in the Reserve are used for relaxation and recreational activities such as picnicking. Use of these areas by groups of under 60 people is on a first-come-first-served basis; no fees are charged and no bookings are taken.

Cremorne Reserve can be used by large groups and for special events under certain conditions. Bookings are taken and fees are charged for the use of a Council owned or managed reserve for a group of 60 people or more holding a private function or for a special event. Permission is granted for appropriate functions and events at Council’s discretion, with factors including the size of the proposed function, the ‘carrying capacity’ of the reserve, the area of the reserve still available for general public use, the likely impact of the event on the reserve and the likely impact on neighbouring residents all being considered.

Conflicts may arise between groups in areas of concentrated activity, such as adjacent to the ferry terminal and along the main foreshore pathway. Bike riding is not permitted on pathways through the Reserve. Unrestricted storage of boats may produce conflicts with other users of the foreshore sections of the Reserve. Whilst storage of small boats is an acceptable use of the Reserve, it is important that it does not negatively affect other users of the Reserve and has only minimal impact on the Reserve’s fragile foreshore environment. Council will consider rationalising the dinghy storage areas and the associated access pathways if issues of environmental degradation or other conflicts arise.

In recent years the use of North Sydney’s public parks and reserves by fitness trainers has increased, reflecting a nationwide trend. Council supports people wishing to use Council’s parks and reserves to maintain a healthy lifestyle, and outdoor fitness training is encouraged as long as it occurs in accordance with Council’s recently adopted Outdoor Fitness Training Code of Conduct. The Code sets out ‘common sense’ guidelines for fitness trainers to ensure Council parks and reserves are used appropriately, and to ensure conflicts with other users are minimised.

Specifically, Council’s Outdoor Fitness Training Code of Conduct aims to:

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management 04/13 (MW – OSE) Page 23 . Eliminate negative behaviour that interferes with the amenity of local residents and other reserve users . Ensure access to and use of public open space is preserved for all members of the community . Protect the public open space and public domain for future community use . Provide the opportunity for the community to benefit from, enjoy and engage in fitness training in a variety of outdoor environments

The complete Code of Conduct is included as Appendix 4.

If issues arise with fitness trainers or with any other reserve user, Council staff communicate directly with the relevant group. To date the most prevalent issues have been those associated with the need for groups to respect and be considerate of other legitimate reserve users and neighbouring residents. If necessary, fitness trainers and the like may be reminded of their responsibilities under state government regulations regarding noise and advertising on community land.

In an effort to control crowd behaviour and to improve public safety, Cremorne Reserve (together with other major foreshore vantage points in North Sydney), is a declared alcohol-free zone each New Year’s Eve. Infrastructure including portable toilets, lighting towers and garbage bins is provided to deal with large crowds, and traffic plans and street closures are put in place. Relevant information is posted on Council’s website in December each year, and is distributed to affected households via an annual mail out.

3.6 Access and Circulation

3.6.1 Access

The linear nature of Cremorne Reserve, its position on the harbour foreshore and its connectivity to open space in the adjoining Mosman Council area means that visitors are presented with many potential access points and many ways to get to the Reserve. Council encourages the use of public transport throughout the North Sydney area and discourages reliance on private cars in an attempt to reduce the impact of cars on the environment, and to reduce problems with traffic congestion and parking.

Public transport options include 2 public ferry wharves and bus services. Cremorne Wharf and Old Cremorne Wharf connect to Circular Quay on the south side of the harbour, and buses regularly connect the Cremorne Wharf ferry terminal back to Military Road and Neutral Bay.

Council continues to explore ways of providing improved public transport options, and pursues opportunities to create new cycleways where practical. Currently a marked cycling route is shown on the Northern Sydney Cycling Map heading south down Murdoch Street and along Milson Road to its terminus at the Cremorne Wharf. The North Sydney Bike Plan 2004 notes the potential for bike racks adjacent to Cremorne Wharf.

There are no special provisions for parking in or near Cremorne Reserve, and visitors arriving by car are forced to park in the surrounding residential streets, contributing to congestion. Currently most cars park in Milson Road, which contains a number of restricted hour parking bays, near the ferry terminal. Parking shortages may occur on weekends and when there are special events on the harbour, as visitors from outside areas

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management 04/13 (MW – OSE) Page 24 compete with local residents for parking.

Whilst general vehicular access to the Reserve is prohibited, adequate access for vehicles servicing the Reserve and emergency vehicles needs to be provided. Vehicular access to and through Cremorne Reserve is only permitted for appropriate purposes, consistent with the Reserve’s zoning as Public Open Space and Bushland, and consistent with its use as a recreation reserve.

3.6.2 Barriers to Access

Access to parts of Cremorne Reserve is difficult. In some locations topographical conditions mean that parts of the Reserve are accessible only via steep sets of steps. In some instances, particularly in bushland, parts of the Reserve are completely inaccessible. Although this means that the actual amount of usable open space is less than the area of land theoretically set aside for public recreation, the less accessible areas of the Reserve are nevertheless highly valuable; contributing to the overall aesthetics, and providing habitat for flora and fauna.

Private encroachments onto Cremorne Reserve are not sanctioned by Council. This Plan of Management aims to ensure that any encroachments identified in Cremorne Reserve are dealt with consistently, appropriately and in the best interests of Reserve users and the general public. Encroachments typically include fences, steps, paths, small buildings such as sheds and vegetation planted to imply a boundary. Although in some instances encroachments by resident-maintained gardens onto the Reserve may be visually attractive, they potentially alienate public land and prevent the general public from using public open space.

Council staff and contractors working in all areas of Cremorne Reserve will be supplied with aerial photographs and detailed maps showing property boundary lines to ensure they are able to identify existing private encroachments and to ensure no new encroachments occur in the future.

3.6.3 Accessing the Water

Opportunities for users of Cremorne Reserve to directly access the water include the two ferry wharves and several informal tracks which lead to the water’s edge. These tracks usually coincide with dinghy storage areas, and are scattered around the Reserve. The use of these foreshore sites for dinghy storage is permissible as long as environmental impacts are kept to acceptable levels, and conflicts with other legitimate Reserve users are minimised. Maccallum Pool provides another opportunity for users to access the harbour’s edge.

Council’s Water-Based Recreation Needs Study 2006 proposes several other options for accessing the water which are being systematically investigated. These include providing a dedicated water access point for small non-motorised craft near Robertsons Point and providing improved pedestrian access to the water’s edge in Mosman Bay and Shell Cove.

3.6.4 Circulation

Due to the linear nature of Cremorne Reserve the internal circulation system is a very important component of the overall recreational experience. The main foreshore pathway forms part of the North Sydney Circle Walk (Segment 5 – Cremorne Junction to Shell Cove), and the pathway is used by people walking for pleasure and exercise, by joggers,

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management 04/13 (MW – OSE) Page 25 dog walkers and by people pushing prams. Commuters walk to and from the adjacent residential areas to the ferry wharves. Directional signage assists visitors to the Reserve by providing navigational information. The main pedestrian spine is in good condition thanks to the significant upgrading works that have been carried out over the past several years. Further upgrading works have recently been completed for a section of the pathway leading to the lighthouse at Robertsons Point.

A number of secondary pathways lead from the main path to special features in the Reserve such as Maccallum Pool, the lighthouse and the Sydney Amateur Sailing Club. Other paths lead to adjacent residences and foreshore areas. Poorly sited pathways that contribute to the alienation of sections of the Reserve are being systematically removed. Informal and unofficial walking tracks within the Reserve contribute to environmental damage through erosion and the spread of weeds. The Robertsons Point area is particularly vulnerable to this form of degradation.

All new developments in Cremorne Reserve must consider the needs of mobility-impaired users. Significant new design work for which a Development Application is required necessitates an access audit. An independent auditor carries out the audit to ensure that all proposed work meets Australian Standards with regard to accessibility.

3.7 Landscape Upgrading Works

Council’s Recreation Needs Study 2005 identified the recreational needs of the North Sydney community and devised strategies to meet the identified needs. The Study found a need to optimise and enhance existing open space areas given the comparatively low levels of provision of public open space in the North Sydney area relative to current and future expected population levels. The need for larger parks and reserves to be flexible enough to cater for changing recreational needs was also identified.

Key recommendations of the Study relevant to Cremorne Reserve are being implemented progressively, including: . Maintain a watching brief on the strategic acquisition of foreshore land parcels to advance the establishment of a continuous recreational trails network . Review the current location and standard of seating, tables, picnic and barbecue facilities and bubblers. Deploy additional and/or replacement facilities as required . Improve basic maintenance standards of supporting facilities in Council parks including seating, tables, playground equipment and public amenity blocks . Remove redundant or poorly sited infrastructure as identified

Recommendations of the Water-Based Recreation Needs Study relevant to Cremorne Reserve include: . Investigate provision of a dedicated water access point for non-motorised craft near Robertsons Point . Provide improved pedestrian access to the water’s edge in Mosman Bay and Shell Cove

The original Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (developed in the early 1990s) identified the need to prepare a landscape Masterplan for Cremorne Reserve to guide future design development and required upgrading work. The Plan of Management recognised the Reserve’s local, metropolitan and regional significance, and saw the

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management 04/13 (MW – OSE) Page 26 Masterplan as an important first step in significantly upgrading this unique area.

Adopted by Council in 1998, the final landscape Masterplan for Cremorne Reserve was based on a thorough analysis of existing site conditions, the site’s harbour and urban context, Council’s strategic directions and the stated needs and aspirations of local residents and other key stakeholders. The Masterplan advocated subtle and sympathetic upgrading works to maintain and enhance the existing character of the Reserve while maximising public appreciation and enjoyment.

An important part of the Masterplanning process was community consultation and feedback received from stakeholders was incorporated into the final Masterplan, and stakeholders were asked to prioritise the various proposed upgrading works. To date, Council has carried out a number of these works, with others currently ongoing, and still others scheduled for implementation within the life of this Plan of Management.

The identified upgrading works are listed below, in order of community priority, together with a note on their current status. Where the order of implementation diverges from the order of community priority this is generally due to the availability of funding.

Project Name Project Status Size* 1 New Lighting System Large Complete 2 Pathway Improvements Large Major sections of pathway upgraded – some work is ongoing 3 Upgrade Signage System (trackhead, Medium Complete interpretive and directional signage) 4 Refurbish Toilet Block Medium Complete 5 Upgrade Park Furniture Small Complete (ongoing as required) 6 Upgrade Pedestrian Intersection at Large Scheduled for Robertsons Point 2013/14 7 Upgrade Robertsons Point Lookout Medium Scheduled for 2021/22 8 Upgrade Reserve Entranceways Small Minor upgrade (Bogota Avenue, Milson Road, complete. Mosman Bay) Additional work scheduled for 2012/13 9 Improve Foreshore Access Small/ Scheduled for Investigate the feasibility of providing Medium 2018/19 a dedicated water access point for small craft at Robertsons Pt. Construct if feasible.

*Project Size Large = >$300,000 Medium = $100,000 - $300,000 Small = < $100,000

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management 04/13 (MW – OSE) Page 27 Note: Specific scheduling details for these and other planned projects are contained within section 5.2 of this document – Indicative Works Program.

Significant works that have been undertaken since the preparation of the previous Plan of Management for Cremorne Reserve in 2007 include: . Upgrading of Reserve ‘gateways’ to improve the experience for visitors entering the Reserve from one of the main gateways to Cremorne Reserve. . Major pathway improvement works. This work was carried out in stages, over 3 years, and involved improving the main foreshore path on both the eastern and western sides of the Reserve. Associated works included removing steps (where feasible) to make access easier and carrying out drainage works to either side of the pathway. . Upgrading of the pedestrian pathway at Robertsons Point, connecting the children’s playground to the lookout area . Ongoing program of removing Coral trees, self-sown date palms, Phoenix palms and camphor laurels from bushland areas of the Reserve . Ongoing program of bushland rehabilitation carried out by Bushcare volunteers, residents, Council staff and contractors . Continuation of the ‘Adopt a Plot’ program which allows residents to ‘adopt’ and care for a plot of bushland near their home for the purpose of improving the quality of the bushland . Ecological burns carried out by Council staff and/or NSW Fire & Rescue at Bushcare sites within the Reserve to reduce hazard and stimulate new growth from the seed bank . Extensive planting of native trees and shrubs in bushland areas on the eastern side of the Reserve to gradually increase the Reserve’s canopy cover . Ongoing Wildlife Watch program, with many local residents providing information to Council regarding fauna sightings on a regular basis . Ongoing Native Haven Program which offers free assistance to residents who wish to help the environment by using local indigenous plants in their garden to increase habitat . Improved management of Aboriginal sites through ongoing process of liaison with the Metropolitan Local Aboriginal Land Council and the Aboriginal Heritage Office . Ongoing community education and information under the auspices of Council’s ‘Green Events’ program including walks and talks by naturalists. A variety of activities are run in various locations. Program details (including how to book) are available on Council’s website.

3.8 Pollution

Pollution in any form is detrimental to quality of life. In the context of an open space area, the presence of pollution can detract from the overall recreational experience negatively affecting landscape character.

Cremorne Reserve is bordered by residential properties, roads and the waters of Shell Cove and Mosman Bay. The long thin nature of the Reserve, and its dual ‘bushland’ and ‘English Garden’ character means that it is very vulnerable to weed invasion as well as to the effects of stormwater runoff and failing sewer pipes.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management 04/13 (MW – OSE) Page 28 Litter levels within the Reserve are generally low, due mainly to increasing public awareness, and an ongoing program of maintenance, however some dumping of garden refuse and household rubbish still occurs. A dumping notice is sent to all occupants of properties in the vicinity when dumping occurs, as this activity degrades the landscape, causes weeds to spread and can create a fire hazard.

3.8.1 Urban Runoff and Stormwater

Cremorne Reserve is particularly vulnerable to urban runoff and sewerage contamination due to the high number of stormwater outlets servicing adjacent roadways and residences. In addition to the heavy metals and oils washed from roofs and roadways, household chemicals deposited into drainage systems and dog faeces can also affect soil chemistry. In certain sections of the Reserve, aging sewer services have failed or are inadequate, and blocked pipes are prone to surcharging, particularly during wet weather. The resultant increase in moisture and nutrients in the Reserve encourages the growth of weed species as these are often better suited to the moist, nutrient-rich conditions than endemic species.

Over the past 10 years there have been a variety of works carried out to reduce the impact of stormwater pollution on the bushland sections of Cremorne Reserve below Milson Road and below Kareela Road. The works have involved the planting of native species able to cope with wet drainage areas to stabilise the areas, reduce erosion potential, soak up excess nutrients and reduce the potential for weed infestation. Armouring of several drainage outlets with sandstone boulders and planting of appropriate native species has also reduced the potential for erosion. These works have been completed as part of the Cremorne Reserve Bushland Rehabilitation Plan.

3.8.2 Weeds

The presence of weed species in Cremorne Reserve is due to many factors. The long, thin shape of the Reserve, past clearing, soil disturbance, lack of fire, ongoing illegal dumping activities, tree-poisoning, weed escapes from neighbouring private gardens and the presence of stormwater outlets in the Reserve all contribute to weed infestation.

Most weeds in Cremorne Reserve are concentrated in the understorey. Pellitory (Parietaria judaica), Morning Glory (Ipomoea indica), Balloon Vine (Cardiospermum grandiflorum), Ochna (Ochna serrulata), Asparagus fern (Protoasparagus aethiopicus), Wandering Trad (Tradescantia fluminensis), Fishbone fern (Nephrolepsis cordifolia), PanicVelt Grass (Ehrharta erecta) and exotic species from adjacent gardens are common in all areas.

Council’s Garden maintenance staff attend to weeds in those parts of the Reserve zoned ‘Public Open Space’, while Council’s Bushland Management Team, Bushcare volunteers and Adopt-a-Plot participants deal with weeds as part of bush regeneration activities carried out in those parts of the Reserve zoned ‘Bushland’. Noxious Weeds Notices are sent to properties adjoining the Reserve as required. In some parts of the Reserve, weeds are providing critical habitat or linkages for sensitive native species (such as small bush birds). Weed control in these areas is undertaken strategically to ensure the preservation of habitat whilst alternate native-dominated planting or regeneration is established.

3.9 Management

Cremorne Reserve is a Crown reserve under the care, control and management of North Sydney Council. This Plan of Management provides guidelines for the future use,

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management 04/13 (MW – OSE) Page 29 development, management and maintenance of the Reserve.

Other Council Plans of Management including the generic Playgrounds, Bushland and Foreshore Parks and Reserves Plans provide additional information that guides Council’s operations in Cremorne Reserve.

Currently management of Cremorne Reserve focuses on meeting a range of identified recreational needs, on maintaining an appropriate landscape character sympathetic to the Reserve’s dual status as an area of European parkland-style gardens and remnant bushland, and on maintaining the Reserve in a clean and attractive condition. This Plan seeks to establish a clear management direction and to achieve an holistic approach to the ongoing stewardship of Cremorne Reserve.

3.9.1 Maintenance

The need for ongoing maintenance is an important issue which influences not only landscape character but also affects general safety levels. The effectiveness of maintenance is a function of a number of factors including the type and extent of machinery available, the level of experience and expertise of personnel, and the frequency of each operation. Efficient maintenance practices allow cost savings to be made, permitting funds to be redirected to other important areas. Garden maintenance staff who currently employ wheelbarrows to move materials around the Reserve are keen to investigate alternatives that could provide Council with greater efficiencies and effectiveness.

Current management practices in Cremorne Reserve are largely concerned with the ongoing issue of maintaining the Reserve in a clean and attractive condition. Staffing levels and budgets for management and maintenance may change over time as community needs and priorities change and as new issues become relevant. Structures and park furniture in Cremorne Reserve are generally well maintained, vandalised structures are repaired and graffiti is removed as quickly as possible as experience has shown that this discourages further incidents in the long term.

Staff employed to maintain Cremorne Reserve currently undertake tasks including general maintenance, weeding of garden areas as well as new planting and mulching. The task of weed removal within the Reserve is made difficult by the steep and rugged nature of many areas although some specialist bush regenerators are trained to use harnesses to treat weeds on steep sites. Grass mowing by contractors is a major maintenance activity in the Reserve, particularly during the summer months.

Maintenance of the bushland areas of Cremorne Reserve is carried out by a combination of Council staff, specialist contractors, residents and trained volunteers. The process of bushland rehabilitation involves a range of activities that seek to protect areas of remnant bushland, improving their condition, structure and species diversity over a sustained period of time. Strategic weed control is an integral component in this process; however it must also be balanced with the need to retain adequate vegetation cover for native wildlife and to protect the highly vulnerable foreshore area from erosion. The prevalence of weeds throughout the Reserve varies according to numerous factors. In bushland areas weed control is prioritised according to the health, condition and regeneration potential (or in- situ resilience) of a particular location. In keeping with contemporary best practice principals, bushland rehabilitation work is concentrated in the healthiest parts of the Reserve first and then toward the more degraded areas. Other maintenance activities include soil stabilising, ecological burning and canopy replenishment.

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3.9.2 Fire as a Bushland Management Tool

Fire is a valuable ecological management tool required to sustain the plant communities of Cremorne Reserve bushland. Burning helps maintain diversity and stimulates the seed of species which may have senesced over time, no longer occurring above the ground.

Council uses managed burning to meet both ecological objectives of bush regeneration and hazard reduction to adjoining residential housing. While the risk of wildfire damaging property or threatening life is relatively low in North Sydney hazard reduction activities including modifying vegetation structure, creating fire access management zones, manual fuel reduction, pile burning and broad area burning are carried out as and when necessary.

Council, in cooperation with the NSW Fire Brigades and the Manly-Mosman-North Sydney Bushfire Management Committee, implements controlled hazard reduction burns in relevant bushland reserves in North Sydney. The burns are approved under the region’s annual Bushfire Hazard Reduction Program. The last managed burn to occur in Cremorne Reserve was in 2009, when a small number of piles were burnt on the north eastern side of the reserve, adjacent to Kareela Road. Whilst there are no hazard reduction burns scheduled to take place in Cremorne Reserve during the 2012/13 hazard reduction season, it is likely that future burns will be planned in accordance with the Cremorne Reserve Bushland Rehabilitation Plan.

3.9.3 Community Involvement

The incorporation of community participation into the management of Cremorne Reserve is an important objective, and the preparation of the Cremorne Reserve Masterplan was a successful exercise which involved the community in the process of planning for the landscape upgrading of the Reserve. Interested stakeholders had the opportunity to comment on Council’s proposals, and projects identified in the Masterplan have subsequently been implemented in order of community priority. Recent Precinct involvement in upgrading the Cremorne Reserve Playground has resulted in a well- designed facility that will meet the needs of children of all ages and abilities, and be integrated closely into the surrounding landscape.

The Bushcare and Adopt-a-Plot programs are excellent examples of how the local community can participate in the management of the bushland sections of Cremorne Reserve. Opportunities to expand these programs should be pursued; as sense of community ownership can lead to a reduction in anti-social activities such as dumping and tree vandalism.

Participants in Council’s Wildlife Watch program report wildlife sightings in Cremorne Reserve. This facilitates the updating of Council’s database of local fauna, and the better management of bushland areas. Council's Native Haven Program offers free assistance to residents who wish to help the environment by using local indigenous plants in their garden to increase habitat.

Opportunities for the community (including local residents and other stakeholders) to become involved in the upgrading and ongoing maintenance of Cremorne Reserve are encouraged, and all new projects allow for community involvement and participation.

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4.0 Basis for Management

4.1 Philosophical Basis for the Plan of Management

The Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management guides the future use, development, management and maintenance of this important urban reserve. Cremorne Reserve serves the recreational needs of both local residents and visitors and contributes to the visual beauty of North Sydney and Sydney Harbour. Management seeks to maximise the potential of Cremorne Reserve, ensuring that it is appropriately maintained, that it continues to cater for a range of activities, that conflicts between user groups are kept to a minimum, that all uses are appropriate and in accordance with the Reserve’s zoning as ‘Public Open Space’ and ‘Bushland’ and that any future developments are appropriate and sympathetic to the established landscape character of the various areas of the Reserve.

The Plan of Management provides both short and long term policy. It has the flexibility to incorporate future requirements and to respond to the changing needs of the community and users as they arise.

4.2 Core Values and Management Objectives

4.2.1 Values of Cremorne Reserve

The following core values describe the most significant qualities of Cremorne Reserve. These values must be considered when future management objectives, strategies and actions are formulated, to ensure their protection.

Visual Qualities and Aesthetics . The site has high scenic value due to its physical setting on a peninsula on the northern foreshores of Sydney Harbour. . The form of the Reserve and the lighthouse located at the tip of Robertsons Point make it an important harbour landmark. . The Reserve is a high profile green corridor when viewed from the harbour, contrasting with the surrounding urban environment and providing an attractive land- water interface. . There are excellent views of the harbour and the city from many vantage points in the Reserve. From the tip of Robertsons Point, the view stretches from North Head and Bradleys Head in the northeast, all the way around the eastern suburbs, to the city and Harbour Bridge in the west. . Parts of the Reserve preserve remnant bushland, precious in an urban, foreshore environment, while other parts have an attractive ‘English Garden’ character.

Cultural Heritage . Begun with just a single Elephants Ear which washed up on the Reserve, Lex and Ruby Graham Gardens is a unique example of private embellishment of public land. A maze of paths wind down through dense foliage to the water's edge. . Large sections of the Reserve have a highly modified (cultural) landscape demonstrating man-made changes to the natural features reflecting the history of the peninsula as a recreation area or ‘Pleasure Grounds’ for the people of Sydney. For example the use of exotic ‘English-style’ plantings.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management 04/13 (MW – OSE) Page 32 . Architectural heritage of adjacent residences visible from the Reserve, especially the Federation Arts and Crafts style which flourished in the early years of the twentieth century. Cremorne Point is a Heritage Conservation Area with special development controls in place to conserve its unique character. . The Reserve contains remnants of original Aboriginal inhabitants including middens and rock shelters. . Harbourside Maccallum Pool; restored in the 1980s in the original 1920s style. . Former uses of the site include a Copper Smelting works and the Cremorne pleasure gardens.

Social/Recreational . The Reserve is a very valuable recreational resource for the local community. It has a high recreational value for activities including picnicking, walking, relaxing, socialising, jogging and swimming, fishing and viewing the harbour and city. . The Reserve’s location on the northern shores of Sydney harbour makes it an accessible tourist destination, especially for day-trippers arriving by ferry from Circular Quay. . The Reserve has tourism significance due to its combination of scenic, recreational and heritage features and the presence of a comprehensive set of interpretive signs. . The Reserve functions as an informal meeting place and facilitates local community interaction. As population numbers grow and density increases, the importance of Cremorne Reserve as a venue for social gatherings and occasions also increases. . The bushland sections of the Reserve are used for a number of organised community activities including Bushcare and other bushland education programs.

4.2.2 Management Objectives

Based on a review of legislative requirements, community needs and expectations, and the values and assets of Cremorne Reserve, the following broad objectives have been identified: . To manage Cremorne Reserve in accordance with the objectives of the North Sydney Council 2020 Vision and the North Sydney Council Delivery Program; . To manage the Reserve taking into consideration the Crown Lands Act 1989, the principles of Crown land management and the Local Government Act 1993; . To protect and enhance the cultural, recreational, heritage, scientific and natural qualities and values of the Reserve; . To ensure that the use and management of the Reserve is sustainable in environmental, social and economic terms and takes account of environmentally sustainable principles; . To take a consistent approach to management of the Reserve and to maintain it to a standard commensurate with its high public profile; . To ensure the conservation and appropriate management of items of cultural heritage (both Aboriginal and European); . To provide and maintain high quality recreation facilities that meet the needs of the local users and the wider community, based on identified needs and within budget;

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management 04/13 (MW – OSE) Page 33 . To provide for a range of recreational activities commensurate with the Reserve’s capacity as a significant open-space resource, based on identified needs and within budget; . To provide other appropriate facilities for Reserve users; . To ensure all uses of the Reserve are appropriate; that they comply with the Reserve’s purpose as an area for public recreation, and accord with its zoning as Public Open Space and Bushland; . To allow use of the Reserve by groups, and for appropriate special events; . To minimise conflict between appropriate user groups; . To define, promote and maintain an appropriate landscape character for the various sections of Cremorne Reserve (Public Open Space and Bushland); . To maintain the foreshore as a transition area between the aquatic and the terrestrial environment, and to protect and enhance all functions associated with the foreshore’s role as a transitional area; . To preserve, maintain and enhance the biodiversity of remnant bushland in the reserve and its ecological functions; . To conserve and enhance habitat for resident and seasonal native wildlife species . To ensure views out of and within the Reserve are available; . To ensure the Reserve is culturally, physically and economically accessible to the general community; . To cater for users with mobility impairments where practical within the physical constraints of the Reserve; . To provide access to the water; . To provide for public safety; . To reduce the extent of pollution in the Reserve; . To manage stormwater in accordance with the principles of Total Catchment Management; . To control and restrict the spread of pest plant and animal populations in the Reserve; . To carry out appropriate tree work to maintain and replenish the tree canopy; . To prevent further alienation of public land and to progressively reduce current levels of alienation where appropriate; . To encourage local resident participation in the guardianship of the Reserve; . To manage the foreshore areas as per Council’s Foreshore Parks and Reserves Plan of Management and the Cremorne Reserve Bushland Rehabilitation Plan; . To manage the bushland section of the Reserve as per Council’s Bushland Plan of Management; . To manage the playground as per Council’s Playgrounds Plan of Management; . To ensure this Plan of Management is flexible and able to evolve with changing community needs and attitudes.

These objectives have been used in the subsequent management issues to guide policy development and formulation of the action plan.

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5.0 Policy, Implementation and Performance

The policies established in this Plan provide the framework for management consistent with anticipated availability of resources and anticipated community trends.

The priority ratings outlined on the following pages are subject to the availability of necessary staff and funds, and may require modification if special circumstances arise.

Codes used to define priorities in the following matrix:

ST (Short Term) Action completed within 2 years MT (Medium Term) Action completed within 2-4 years LT (Long Term) Action commenced after 4 years * O (Ongoing) Action is carried out on a regular basis for the life of this Plan of Management C (Commenced) Action has commenced CP (Completed) Action has been carried out

* Note: This Plan of Management is relevant for a 5-year period, and will be extensively reviewed and updated at the end of this time. As defined by this document, long-term projects are those which are scheduled for commencement but not completion within the life of this Plan.

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5.1 Matrix

Cremorne Reserve is a foreshore reserve that contains areas of bushland and a children’s playground. The generic Foreshore Parks and Reserves, Bushland and Playgrounds Plans of Management provide additional information regarding Council’s management of these facilities that supplements the information in this document.

LANDSCAPE CHARACTER AND HERITAGE

Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Landscape To use planting as a Select plant and establish Consider: O Objectives of Amenity and means of complementing suitable species of trees, shrubs - character of existing planting planting achieved. Aesthetics and enhancing the special and ground covers. - suitability of new plantings All new plantings qualities and character of - aesthetic appeal are appropriate. those areas of Cremorne - views out of and within the Reserve zoned ‘Public Reserve etc. Open Space’. Preserve and enhance the The parkland areas of the O 5 yearly aerial Local ‘parkland’ areas of the Reserve. Reserve are zoned ‘Public photographs to Environmental Open Space’. They comprise assess the extent Plan 2001. lawns, ornamental gardens and and health of NSC. specimen trees. parkland areas. To use planting as a Select plant and establish Consider: O Objectives of means of enhancing those suitable native species of trees, - appropriateness of new planting achieved. areas of Cremorne shrubs and ground covers in species All new plantings Reserve zoned areas where the potential for - views out of and within the are appropriate. ‘Bushland’. natural regeneration is absent or Reserve etc. limited. To consider the impact of Consider existing views when These may be views out of the O All new new plantings on all siting new plantings in all areas Reserve to the harbour and landscaping work areas of Cremorne of the Reserve. beyond, views from the harbour is appropriate and Reserve. to the Reserve or views within considers impacts the Reserve. on views.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 38 Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Landscape Minimise planting of tall, dense This action must be balanced O All new work Amenity and spreading species along the with the need to provide takes this aim into Aesthetics cont. harbour foreshore where this riparian vegetation. account. will have a significant impact on existing views. Conserve desirable endemic In areas of the Reserve zoned O Increase in the species when they occur as a ‘Bushland’ these species will amount of natural result of natural regeneration. be conserved regardless of the regeneration in the impact on views. Reserve. In areas zoned ‘Public Open Space’ they will be conserved where there is no significant negative impact on views. To retain and enhance the Consider requests for trimming Only work that is O All requests are high amenity value of trees on public land (excluding horticulturally sound and considered and Cremorne Reserve. land zoned ‘Bushland’) for appropriate is permitted. trimming is views on a case-by-case basis. All work on public land takes carried out only if place at the expense of the appropriate. person/s requesting the work. Cosmetic pruning is not permitted on land zoned ‘Bushland’. Consider the impact on Significant features include: O New work does significant reserve features, and - Major entry not negatively views and vistas when siting points impact on the new furniture, planting trees or - Maccallum Pool existing layout, on carrying out any other work in - Lighthouse views and vistas the Reserve. - Main pathway etc or on items of heritage significance.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 39 Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Landscape Assess all landscape proposals O All landscape Amenity and to ensure all new work will be proposals are Aesthetics cont. appropriate, attractive and assessed for sympathetic to the existing suitability. landscape character of the Reserve.

Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Vegetation To manage existing Carry out regular ongoing Refer Issue ‘Maintenance’. O Vegetation is Management vegetation using best- maintenance work as required maintained in a practice horticultural and to conserve appropriate healthy condition. ecological restoration existing vegetation in good techniques. health. Control any activities that may Potentially harmful activities O Existing trees are harm existing trees. may include tree climbing and maintained in digging around roots. a healthy condition. Remove inappropriate species Inappropriate species include O Inappropriate and replace with more suitable self-seeded trees and shrubs that species removed species. pose a weed threat to Bushland and replaced with areas of the Reserve. suitable species. Continue to implement the Port Bushland rehabilitation is O Area of bushland Jackson Catchment Bushland sustainable, ecologically sound under active Rehabilitation Plan (Cremorne and adheres to strategic rehabilitation Reserve) in those sections of objectives. the Reserve zoned ‘Bushland’.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 40 Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Vegetation To control noxious and Implement the Noxious Weeds Issues including potential O Noxious Weeds Noxious Weeds Management environmental weeds in Act, 1993, consistently and erosion problems if too much Act implemented Act 1993. cont. Cremorne Reserve. effectively. vegetation is removed and loss by staff. of habitat must be considered when implementing the Act. In bushland areas implement the Act in association with bushland management practices. Undertake weed removal Weed removal is a standard O Reduction in the programs when and where component of Council’s levels of weeds in necessary. maintenance operations. the Reserve. Weed removal programs should target weeds causing particular problems in the Reserve at particular times; for example Asthma Weed. Issue Noxious Weeds Notices The Notices require property O Noxious Weeds Noxious Weeds to properties adjoining the owners to remove or manage the Notices issued as Act 1993. Reserve where noxious weeds noxious weeds within a set time. required. are present. Removal of weeds from properties adjoining the Reserve prevents their spread into the Reserve. Continue to provide A noxious weeds brochure is O Educational educational brochures to available from Council upon brochures interested stakeholders and request. The brochure is also provided to properties known to contain distributed with Noxious Weeds stakeholders. noxious weeds. Notices.

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Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Tree To achieve canopy cover Continue to plant new trees to Aerial photographs taken over O Canopy cover Urban Forest Management targets as detailed in the ensure canopy cover targets are the past 10 years indicate that percentage Strategy. North Sydney Urban reached. the percentage of canopy cover increasing as Street Tree Forest Strategy. in the Reserve has been determined from Strategy. decreasing. aerial The canopy cover targets for photographs. Cremorne Reserve are 100% cover in Bushland zoned areas and 50% cover in Open Space zoned areas. Locate all new trees Consider access, sight lines, O Number of Urban Forest appropriately to maximise solar access, spacing, mature complaints about Strategy. benefits to the environment and tree dimensions etc. negative impacts Street Tree to the community, and to decreasing. Strategy. minimise any negative impacts. Replace all trees that are Replacement should occur O Replacement trees Urban Forest removed from the Reserve in a timely and efficient installed within Strategy. with appropriate new trees manner. 30 days. Street Tree wherever there is sufficient Strategy. space. Carry out appropriate Good consultation will prevent O Number of Urban Forest community consultation misinformation and provide enquiries Strategy. regarding tree work, tree the community with an regarding tree Street Tree removals and tree planting. understanding of the work decreasing. Strategy. complexities of tree management; what is occurring and why.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 42 Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Tree To manage the impacts Preserve specimen Coral trees Coral trees are an invasive O Health and vigour Local Management of the population of in lawn areas until they reach species. They are self- of specimen trees. Environmental cont. Coral trees (Erythrina x the natural end of their safe propagating and have displaced Number of Plan 2001 NSC. sykesii) in lawn areas and useful life. remnant bushland and invaded replacement trees in areas of the Reserve ornamental gardens. planted. zoned Bushland’. As the health of these trees decline, they will be removed and replaced with more suitable species. Gradually phase out Coral trees It is recognised that Coral trees O Number of Local in bushland areas, in provide an important nectar replacement Environmental conjunction with natural resource, in winter, for fauna. indigenous trees Plan 2001 NSC. regeneration or planting and The replacement indigenous planted. Street Tree establishment of replacement trees will supplement the food Strategy. indigenous trees. resource. Work should be carried out over a number of years to minimise the visual impact on the ‘green’ character of the Reserve, and to minimise the impact on fauna habitat. Prevent Coral trees in all areas Target weeding of juvenile O No new self-sown of the Reserve from further Coral trees occurs as part of Coral trees in the colonisation. regular maintenance activities. Reserve. To control self-sown Preserve specimens above 5 metres is an arbitrary figure O Health and vigour Date palms (Phoenix 5 metres high as ornamental designed to delineate between of specimens. canariensis and Phoenix specimens. well-established, purpose- No new self-sown reclinata) within the planted trees and newer self- Date palms in the Reserve. sown specimens. Reserve.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 43 Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Tree Gradually phase out specimens Date palms are an invasive O Number of Urban Forest Management below 5 metres high in species that displace remnant replacement trees Strategy. cont. conjunction with planting and bushland and invade planted. Street Tree establishing appropriate ornamental gardens. Strategy replacement trees in suitable Work should be carried out locations. over a number of years to minimise the visual impact on the ‘green’ character of the Reserve, and to minimise the impact on fauna habitat. To control self-sown Preserve specimens above 5 metres is an arbitrary figure O Health and vigour Camphor laurels 5 metres high as ornamental designed to distinguish between of specimens. (Cinnamomun camphora) specimens in areas of the well-established, purpose No new self-sown and other invasive Reserve zoned ‘Public Open planted specimens and self- Camphor laurels canopy species within the Space’. sown trees. in the Reserve. Reserve. Gradually phase out specimens Camphor laurels are an O Number of Urban Forest below 5 metres in height example of an invasive species replacement trees Strategy. in areas of the Reserve zoned that displaces remnant bushland planted. Street Tree ‘Public Open Space’ and invades ornamental Strategy in conjunction with planting gardens. and establishing more suitable Work should be carried out replacement trees in appropriate over a number of years to locations. minimise the visual impact on the ‘green’ character of the Reserve, and to minimise the impact on fauna habitat. Gradually phase out all Work will be carried out over O Number of Street Tree camphor laurels and other a number of years to minimise replacement Strategy invasive canopy species in the visual impact on the ‘green’ indigenous trees areas of the Reserve zoned character of the Reserve, and to planted. ‘Bushland’. minimise the impact on fauna habitat.

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Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Lex and Ruby To maintain a high Provide assistance where The Gardens are a much-visited O Monthly Graham standard of presentation required to help with the and well-loved feature of maintenance Gardens in the Gardens. upkeep of this resident- Cremorne Reserve, attracting inspections. maintained section of the both locals and visitors. Reserve. To plan for future Allocate funding to provide O Increase in maintenance of the hard landscaping, tree funding allocation Gardens. maintenance, mulch, plant for anticipated material and labour as labour costs. appropriate to maintain the Gardens to a high presentation standard.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 45

Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Fauna To attract wildlife back Preserve, maintain and enhance Both native and exotic species O Regular fauna Appendix 5 – to the Reserve and to existing habitat for native can provide fauna habitat. surveys carried Cremorne preserve the existing fauna. Appendix 5 lists locally out. Reserve Species native fauna species. vulnerable fauna species. List. Select and plant appropriate This is particularly relevant in O Appropriate new trees, shrubs and ground bushland areas. species selected covers to provide habitat for Priority is given to significant and planted. key/vulnerable native wildlife and or vulnerable/ habitat species in appropriate locations. sensitive species. Encourage residents to provide Information about the Wildlife O Number of information on wildlife Watch program is available on sightings reported sightings. Council’s website. per annum. Maintain faunal habitat during Adopt contemporary best O Annual fauna bush revegetation practices. practice bushland rehabilitation survey. principals and techniques. Continue to implement works Old Fauna Rehabilitation Plans O All work carried Bushland and actions listed in Council’s are currently being incorporated out in accordance Rehabilitation Fauna Rehabilitation Plans into the updated Bushland with the relevant Plan 2012 NSC. which relate to the Reserve. Rehabilitation Plan 2012. Plan. To reduce the impact of Continue to build public A ‘Responsible Pet Ownership’ O Reduction in feral and domestic awareness on responsibilities of booklet is available from number of animals on the Reserve. domestic animal ownership and Council upon request. infringements. their potential impact. Continue to distribute ‘pooch Council Rangers distribute O Rangers continue pouches’ to people walking these pouches which carry the to distribute pooch dogs in the Reserve. plastic bags used to pick up pouches to people after dogs. walking dogs.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 46 Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Fauna cont. Continue to monitor, assess and Investigations to date have not O Investigations address the impacts of feral uncovered any signs of ongoing. animal species on the Reserve. persistent fox activity. Implement appropriate control measures for any new feral species identified.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 47

Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Conservation To protect and conserve Consult relevant organisations Relevant organisations are the O Co-ordinated and NSW Heritage and all identified items and re management of European National Trust and the Heritage effective Act 1977. Recognition of sites of European and heritage sites and items and Council management of Local Heritage Items Aboriginal heritage in fulfil the requirements of the heritage sites and Environmental and Sites Cremorne Reserve. NSW Heritage Act. items. Plan 2001 NSC. Consult relevant organisations Relevant organisations are the O Co-ordinated and National Parks re management of Aboriginal Office of Environment and effective and Wildlife sites and fulfil the requirements Heritage and the Metropolitan management of Act 1974. of the National Parks and and Local Aboriginal Lands Aboriginal sites. Wildlife Act 1974. Council. Manage Aboriginal heritage The Aboriginal Sites Plan of O Management of Aboriginal Sites sites as per Council’s Management was prepared in- Aboriginal sites Plan of Aboriginal Sites Plan of house by the Aboriginal complies with Management Management. Heritage Office. Council’s Plan of 2001 NSC. Management. Carry out work necessary to O Heritage items and maintain heritage items and sites maintained in sites in good condition. good condition. Take measures to protect sites For example walking tracks can O Appropriate found to be vulnerable to be redirected where damage is measures taken to damage. occurring or is likely to occur protect sites. to heritage sites. Submit an archaeological Sites listed in Council’s Local O Archaeological NSW Heritage assessment with any DA that Environmental Plan assessments Act, 1997. involves excavation work in submitted as Cremorne Reserve. required. To recognise and Maintain the existing The series of interpretive signs O Interpretive interpret the cultural and interpretive signage trail in assists visitors to interpret the signage natural heritage of good condition. natural and cultural (Aboriginal maintained in Cremorne Reserve and European) history of the good condition. Reserve, and to understand Council’s current activities.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 48 PARK FURNITURE AND OTHER STRUCTURES

Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Park Furniture To provide park furniture Install required park furniture Work to install structures O Appropriate new Recreation and Other and other structures that and other structures identified including seats, paths, fences, park furniture and Needs Study Structures meet identified user in Council’s Recreation Needs signage, lighting, etc is being other structures 2005. needs. Study. implemented in stages installed in according to priorities and appropriate available funding. identified New park furniture and other locations on time structures should complement and to budget. the established landscape character of the Reserve. Upgrade the interpretive The signs are now showing MT New signs signage system throughout the signs of age, and are becoming installed to replace Reserve. difficult to read. existing worn signs. Assess the need for additional Additional needs not identified O Needs assessed on park furniture and other in the Recreation Needs Study a case-by-case structures on a case-by-case may be brought to Council’s basis. basis. attention by stakeholders from time to time. Consider accessibility for O Appropriate people of all abilities when structures only installing new park furniture installed. and other structures. Remove and/or replace of Council’s recently prepared O Removal and/or inappropriate park furniture and inventory of park furniture in replacement of other structures as they reach all parks and reserves has relevant park the end of their lifespan. identified all existing park furniture and furniture, assessed its condition structures. and prioritised all required work.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 49 Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Park Furniture Upgrade the public amenities in Although generally in good O Work undertaken Parks and Other Cremorne Reserve. condition, work required in the on time and to Amenities Structures cont. coming 10 years will include budget. Buildings - repair of plumbing fittings, Condition minor electrical repairs and Assessment repainting. Report 2007. Submit a Development O New Local Application where required for developments Environmental proposed structures and other comply with Plan 2001 NSC. major works to be carried out in Council’s Local the Reserve in accordance with Environmental Council’s LEP. Plan. Consult with and elicit This is in addition to O Consultations comments from users and the consultation undertaken as part undertaken. general community prior to of the Development Community commencing any significant Application process. For satisfaction with new development work. example liaise with relevant consultation Precincts and other known process. stakeholders. To encourage appropriate Investigate opportunities to A Development Application O Appropriate Local public art projects in place public art in Cremorne may be required. opportunities to Environmental Cremorne Reserve. Reserve if and when they arise. place public art in Plan 2001 NSC. the Reserve pursued.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 50 RECREATION AND LEISURE

Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Use of To manage Cremorne Ensure all activities occurring O Reduction in Crown Lands Cremorne Reserve to provide a in Cremorne Reserve are annual number of Act 1989. Reserve range of recreation consistent with Council’s goals complaints opportunities and to and objectives for the Reserve received regarding facilitate a high level of (refer Section 1.3), and lie inappropriate use use. within the Reserve’s carrying of the Reserve. capacity. Ensure all activities occurring Parts of Cremorne Reserve are O Reduction in Appendix 1 – in the Reserve are consistent zoned ‘Public Open Space’ annual number of Zoning of with the relevant zoning. while other parts are zoned complaints Cremorne ‘Bushland’. received regarding Reserve. inappropriate use Local of the Reserve. Environmental Plan 2001 NSC. To encourage the use of Permit groups to use the open There is no charge for groups O Cremorne Reserve Appendix 2 – Cremorne Reserve for parkland areas for social of less than 60 people gathering maintained in Definitions: recreational activities gatherings and informal sports in Cremorne Reserve for social good condition. Organised compatible with the and games. events or informal sports and Level of user Sports and objectives of this Plan of games. satisfaction as Informal Sports Management. Space is available on a ‘first- gauged from and Games. come-first-served’ basis. No feedback. Hiring Charges bookings are taken and no - Parks and structures may be erected. Reserves for Groups should behave Social considerately toward other Gatherings legitimate reserve users. 2007. NSC.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 51 Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Use of Allow the use of Cremorne Bookings are taken and fees are O Level of user Fees and Cremorne Reserve for appropriate special charged for the use of part the satisfaction as Charges NSC. Reserve cont. events. Reserve for a special event gauged from (open to the public) by groups feedback. of 60 or more. Cremorne Reserve Permission is at Council’s maintained in discretion; factors considered good condition. include: carrying capacity of the Reserve, size of proposed event, area of the Reserve still available for general use, likely impact on neighbouring residents and likely impact on the Reserve. Revenue raised contributes to maintenance. Implement Council’s Outdoor The Code is a set of ‘common O Reduction in Appendix 4 – Fitness Training Code of sense’ guidelines to ensure annual number of Outdoor Fitness Conduct to regulate the operators have minimal impact complaints Training Code activities of fitness trainers etc on other Reserve users or received. of Conduct. who operate in the Reserve. neighbouring residents. Patrol the Reserve to ensure Patrols are carried out by O Regular Ranger compliance with the above Council Rangers. patrols carried out. actions. Liaise directly with individuals All user groups should be O Reduction in the or groups if complaints are courteous and considerate annual number of received regarding use of the toward other users. complaints Reserve. received. To acknowledge and Provide information on Urban parks and reserves have O Relevant promote the Reserve as Council’s website to promote an important role to play in the information about a focal point and hub for the Reserve as a suitable venue social life of the local the Reserve easily the local community. for a variety of activities and community. accessible on events. Council’s website.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 52

Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Dog Walking in To accommodate dogs in Allow dog-walking in the Dogs are not permitted in or O Reduction in the Companion Cremorne the Reserve. Reserve in accordance with the within 10 metres of children’s annual number of Animals Act Reserve Companion Animals Act. play equipment. complaints. 1998 (Section 14). Allow dog walking in the Dogs must be on a leash at all O Reduction in the North Sydney Reserve in accordance with the times in all parts of Cremorne annual number of Local North Sydney Local Reserve. complaints. Companion Companion Animals Animals Management Plan. Management Plan 2004. Patrol Reserve to ensure Patrols are carried out by O Regular Ranger compliance. Council Rangers. patrols carried out. Number of infringements issued.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 53

Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Maccallum To maintain Maccallum Empty, clean and refill the pool The pool is closed during O Pool maintained in Pool Pool as a safe, secure and on a weekly basis. cleaning for a 9-hour period. good condition. visually attractive Cleaning generally coincides swimming facility. with low tide, so closure times vary according to tides and weather conditions. Up-to-date information about pool cleaning times is available on Council’s website and on a noticeboard at the pool. Undertake regular water quality Relevant Council staff carry out O Inspections occur inspections. inspections. every 3 weeks and after heavy rain. Upgrade the shed housing the The condition of the shed is ST Shed upgraded on pool pump. deteriorating. time and to budget. Engage a suitably qualified ST Assessment professional to carry out a carried out and structural condition assessment recommendations of Maccallum Pool. received. Upgrade and improve the pool Before undertaking repair and MT Pool decking decking. improvement works confirm upgraded on time the appropriateness of the and to budget. existing deck configuration. Carry out ongoing maintenance For example, painting and other O Condition of pool activities on a regular basis. minor repair works. and surrounds. Inspections take place weekly. Carry out unscheduled For example replacement of O Unscheduled additional maintenance pump. maintenance activities as required. activities occur in a timely manner.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 54 Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Children's To ensure that the Manage and maintain play Playground equipment is O Playground Playgrounds Playground Cremorne Reserve equipment and surrounds as per located on Robertsons Point. managed and Plan of playground is functional, Council’s Playgrounds Plan of maintained as per Management safe and attractive. Management. Playgrounds Plan NSC. of Management. To upgrade the existing Ensure that the new playground The design for the new CP Design for children’s playground meets identified recreation playground was modified as a upgraded when it reaches the end needs and has a style and result of community feedback. playground of its useful life. character that complements its The final design will prepared. setting. accommodate many users in a relatively small space, and offer a broad range of play activities as well as exercise equipment. The new playground will utilise the shade of existing trees and blend with its bushland setting. Construct new playground. Ancillary facilities include seats ST Playground and picnic tables for parents upgrade and carers, as well as completed on time landscaping and pathway and to budget. improvement works.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 55

Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Small Boat To minimise conflict Negotiate on a case-by-case Storage of small boats may O Solutions Storage between small boat basis where conflict occurs. need to occur in a more negotiated and storage and other organised manner, or be problems resolved legitimate uses of relocated to a more appropriate in a timely Cremorne Reserve. location where conflict occurs. manner. To control environmental Ensure existing dinghies are Small boats in areas susceptible O Reduction in degradation occurring to strategically sited to minimise to degradation may be environmental boat storage sites and the potential problems. relocated, in other areas degradation in the related access paths. pathway improvements may be Reserve from carried out. small boat storage. Provide safe access to Maintain access tracks to small O Repairs carried out appropriate existing dinghy boat storage areas, and carry as required. storage sites. out repairs when and where Safe access required. provided to appropriate dinghy storage sites. Investigate the feasibility of This was a recommendation of LT Investigations Water-Based providing a dedicated water the Water-Based Recreation complete and Recreation access point for small craft near Needs Study. recommendations Needs Study Robertsons Point. made. 2006. NSC. Construct dedicated water Work may also include LT Work carried out access point, if feasible. construction of dinghy racks or on time and to similar on the foreshore. budget. Investigate other ways to Council could determine which LT Condition and de-clutter the Reserve foreshore (if any) of the existing dinghies appearance of the (if construction of a dedicated are abandoned, and commence Cremorne Reserve water access point is not proceedings to impounded and foreshore. feasible and small boat storage finally sell these dinghies. remains an issue).

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 56 ACCESS AND CIRCULATION

Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Access To encourage visitors to Provide information to the The Reserve is accessible via O Decrease in walk, cycle or use public community and visitors on 2 ferry wharves (Cremorne number of transport to get to alternative ways to get to the Wharf and Old Cremorne complaints Cremorne Reserve. Reserve (other than by car) to Wharf), and buses running regarding lack of overcome the issue of limited along Milson Road to parking spaces. car parking. Cremorne Wharf also service the adjacent Reserve. ‘Walk North Sydney’ maps Relevant information available O Relevant maps and ‘Walk, North and brochures may be on Council’s website includes: brochures readily Sydney’ map downloaded from Council’s -‘Walk North Sydney’ maps available to the and brochure. website. and brochures and ‘Northern general public. North Sydney Sydney Cycling Map’. Circle Walks: Segment 5 of the ‘North Segment 5. Sydney Circle Walks’ Northern brochures - ‘Cremorne Sydney Cycling Junction to Shell Cove Walk’ Map. takes in the walking path around Cremorne Reserve. Install bike racks at key Installing bike parking in the MT New bike racks North Sydney locations near the Reserve. form of U-rails at major installed in Bike Strategy transport interchanges appropriate 2009. (including Cremorne Point locations outside ferry wharf) is a the Reserve. recommendation of the North Sydney Bike Strategy 2009. While bike riding is encouraged as a means of getting to the Reserve, bike riding within the Reserve itself is prohibited.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 57 Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Access cont. To control vehicular Prohibit and prevent A private vehicle requiring O General vehicular access into and within inappropriate vehicular access access into the Reserve on a access to the Cremorne Reserve. into and within Cremorne one-off basis must obtain Reserve Reserve. permission from Council. prevented. Depending upon the size of the vehicle, Council may require a bond, or that access is supervised by appropriate Council staff to minimise disturbance and ensure safety. Allow service and emergency Removable bollards and gates O Ease of entry for vehicles to enter Cremorne allow access for Reserve service and Reserve. maintenance and other emergency permissible activities. vehicles.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 58

Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Circulation To provide a safe, secure Continue to upgrade existing Improvements to the pathway O Appropriate works Australian and convenient pathways where a need is leading past the playground to scheduled and Standard 1428. circulation system for identified and the work is the lighthouse at Robertsons carried out on time pedestrians in Cremorne viable. Point have recently been and to budget. Reserve. completed. Reserve pathways cater for mobility impaired users (where not constrained by topography and/ or existing heritage items). Carry out work to upgrade the This pathway is currently used MT Pathway payway and steps from Kareela by many people, and is in a upgrading Road/ Green Street down to the degraded condition. complete. water, the Sydney Amateur Sailing Club and Old Cremorne Wharf. Ensure gates and other barriers This includes mobility impaired O Easy pedestrian to vehicular access allow users; in wheelchairs, pushing access provided. pedestrians to enter the prams etc. Reserve. Prohibit and prevent bike riding Signs are located at all major O Decrease in annual within the Reserve. entrances to the Reserve. number of complaints. Rationalise informal and/or Inappropriate pathways in areas ST - O Inappropriate inappropriate pathways in areas zoned ‘Bushland will be pathways removed of the Reserve zoned identified and assessed by from areas zoned ‘Bushland’. Council’s Bushland ‘Bushland’. Management Team.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 59

Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Other Pathways To ensure existing Identify any potentially unsafe Council may identify O Potentially unsafe pathways leading from pathways leading from private potentially unsafe pathways pathways private residences into residences into the Reserve. as part of routine maintenance identified. Cremorne Reserve are inspections in the Reserve, or safe and do not impede members of the community public use of the Reserve. may bring them to Council’s attention. Disallow construction of any Council staff working in the O No new private new pathways leading from Reserve carry out regular pathways in the private residences into the inspections as part of their Reserve. Reserve. ongoing maintenance activities.

Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Accessing the To provide access to the Continue to provide pedestrian The 2 ferry wharves currently O Improved Water-Based Water water from selected access to the water’s edge in provide access to the water, and pedestrian access Recreation locations around Mosman Bay and Shell Cove. Maccallum Pool allows users to to foreshore Needs Study Cremorne Reserve. access the water’s edge. provided. 2006 NSC. Several paths give access to small groups of dinghies stored on the foreshore. (Refer Issue ‘Small Boat Storage’ for further details). Investigate provision of a Provision of a formal access LT Investigations Water-Based dedicated water access point point would allow people complete. Recreation for non-motorised craft near to launch small craft safely and Needs Study Robertsons Point. with minimal impact on the 2006 NSC. Reserve. Construct new facility LT Construction takes if feasible. place on time and to budget.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 60

Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Linkages To extend the existing Pursue opportunities to link To the north-east, the Reserve O Opportunities to network of parks and Cremorne Reserve to nearby joins Harnett Park in Mosman. create new links reserves on the harbour foreshore parks and reserves. Ways of achieving links and acquire new foreshore. include land swaps, street foreshore public linkages and cycle ways or open space acquiring land through pursued as they development negotiation. arise. In areas where continuous foreshore access if not possible, street-based links should be considered. To publicise links Ensure relevant brochures are Relevant information available O Relevant maps and Northern between Cremorne easily accessible and widely on Council’s website includes brochures readily Sydney Cycling Reserve and available. ‘Walk North Sydney’ maps and available to the Map. neighbouring parks, and brochures, ‘Northern Sydney general public. Walk North between the Reserve and Cycling Map’ and Segment 5 of Sydney. public transport nodes. the ‘North Sydney Circle North Sydney Walks’ brochures - ‘Cremorne Circle Walks: Junction to Shell Cove Walk’. Segment 5.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 61 POLLUTION

Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Urban Runoff To adopt a Total Continue to carry out Works include armouring O Ongoing program Catchment Management appropriate mitigation works. drainage outlets with boulders of mitigation approach using Water and planting native wetland works. Sensitive Urban Design plants to reduce erosion (WSUD) principles to potential. manage stormwater within the Reserve. Continue to educate the local O Continued community about the impacts distribution of on the Reserve of illegal and education leaflets broken stormwater systems. as required. Ensure developments adjacent For example: absorption O Level of to Reserve incorporate WSUD trenches, energy dissipaters, compliance with principles and meet relevant and detention basins. DA conditions. DA conditions.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 62

Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Sewerage Line To monitor maintenance Monitor for leakage and Ongoing monitoring is carried O Reduction in Deterioration of private and public resultant pollution. out by Council staff working in impact of sewer and Rupture sewer lines and minimise the Reserve and staff from leaks on the the effects of sewer Council’s Environmental Reserve. pollution on the Reserve. Health Department. Advise Sydney Water of leaks Local residents and Reserve O Known leaks occurring on the Reserve. users report leaks to Council or reported to Sydney directly to the Sydney Water, Water in a timely the responsible authority. manner. Notify owners/occupiers of O Property owners private properties adjacent to notified in a Reserve containing sewer leaks, timely manner. and encourage remediation works where appropriate.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 63 LANDUSE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT

Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Landscape To upgrade the condition Implement upgrading works Projects identified in the O Implementation Cremorne Design of and facilities in the identified in the Masterplan in Masterplan are being of Masterplan Reserve Masterplan Reserve by continuing to accordance with priorities implemented in stages, occurring. Masterplan implement the Cremorne determined by the community. according to priorities Improvement in 1998 NSC. Reserve Masterplan. determined by stakeholders. Reserve aesthetics The Masterplan was developed and condition of in 1998 with a high level of facilities. community and stakeholder consultation and involvement. Continue to carry out repairs to The upgrading of the pathway O Pathway Cremorne the main foreshore pathway. leading to Robertsons Point has improvements Reserve recently been completed. carried out on time Masterplan All new pathway works aim to and to budget. 1998 NSC. improve access for all, including those with impaired mobility where feasible. Upgrade entranceways into the Entranceways at Bogota ST Upgrading of Cremorne Reserve. Avenue, Milson Road and entranceways Reserve Mosman Bay are scheduled for carried out on time Masterplan upgrading. and to budget. 1998 NSC. Upgrade the pedestrian This is an area of pathways, ST Upgrading of Cremorne intersection at Robertsons lawn and more formal gardens, pedestrian Reserve Point. located at the Reserve’s hub. intersection Masterplan carried out on time 1998 NSC. and to budget. Investigate the feasibility of This is consistent with the LT Feasibility Cremorne providing a dedicated water Masterplan’s aim to improve investigations Reserve access point for small craft access from the Reserve to the complete and Masterplan including dinghies and kayaks water. recommendations 1998 NSC. near Robertsons Point. Refer Issue ‘Small Boat made. Storage’.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 64 Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Landscape Construct a dedicated water LT Facility Cremorne Design access point near Robertsons constructed on Reserve Masterplan Point if feasible. time and to Masterplan cont. budget, if feasible. 1998 NSC. Upgrade Robertsons Point LT Upgrading carried Cremorne Lookout. out on time and to Reserve budget. Masterplan 1998 NSC.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 65

Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Community To provide opportunities Actively seek stakeholder input Major stakeholders including O Public exhibition Involvement for local residents and into the new document by local Precincts are notified and of draft Plan other stakeholders to be widely publicising the draft invited to comment when the widely publicised. involved in the Plan of Management. draft Plan is on exhibition. development, Regular advertisements in the implementation and Mosman Daily inform the monitoring of the general community, and the Cremorne Reserve Plan Plan may be viewed at Council of Management. or on Council’s website. Encourage stakeholders to Details of how to make a O Regular reviews of provide written submissions to submission are contained in Plan of Council that can be section 1.5 of this Plan. Management incorporated into the regular The Plan is reviewed regularly consider all public reviews and amendments made and submissions made at any submissions to the Plan of Management. time will be assessed at the received. time of the next review. Ensure that both the draft and Hard copies of the document O Plan of the final Plan of Management are available from Council, free Management are readily available and easily of charge, upon request. available on accessible to the community All adopted Plans of Council’s website and stakeholders. Management are permanently and hard copies available on Council’s website available for in the ‘Policies and Plans/Open distribution. Space’ area.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 66 Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Community To provide opportunities Consult with stakeholders prior New work must be consistent O Community and Cremorne Involvement for the public and user to and during the development with the values and objectives user satisfaction Reserve cont. groups to be involved in of new proposals for Cremorne of this Plan of Management and with the Masterplan new developments in Reserve and consider with the Masterplan. consultation 1998. Cremorne Reserve. comments. Consultation methods may process as gauged include information packages from feedback. sent to relevant Precincts, notification in local newspapers, letterbox drops and information posted on Council’s website. Lodge Development Community consultation is an O Development Local Applications where required for important part of the Applications Environmental building and other works Development Application lodged for Plan 2001 NSC. occurring in Cremorne Reserve process. appropriate work. and seek public comment. To achieve greater levels Encourage community Current programs include: O Maintain level of of participation in participation in Council’s • Bushcare Groups volunteer Council’s existing various community programs • Adopt a Plot participation. community programs. operating in and around • Wildlife Watch Increase levels of Cremorne Reserve by • Bushcare Workshops and community publicising them widely. Events education. • Native Havens Programs are publicised on Council’s web site and in Council’s quarterly Bushcare Newsletters. To raise community Continue to provide O Information and Bushland Plan awareness on activities information kits and native plants provided to of Management detrimental to the plants to people living close to interested NSC. conservation of bushland the bushland sections of the residents. in Cremorne Reserve. Reserve.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 67 Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Community Continue to provide Information is provided to the O Annual number of Bushland Plan Involvement information to the public community through the opportunities to of Management cont. regarding Council’s bushland Precinct system, Bushcare provide NSC. management program and the Newsletter and other media information acted opportunities offered for sources such as North Sydney upon. community participation. News and Bushcare notice boards at the Cremorne Point commuter wharves. Council’s Coal Loader Centre for Sustainability is a hub for information dissemination as well as for environmental workshops and events.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 68

Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Private To take a consistent Assess the impact of private An assessment is carried out O Impact Encroachments approach to the encroachments onto Cremorne when Council is notified of a assessments onto Cremorne management of private Reserve. possible private encroachment. carried out when Reserve encroachments onto Private encroachments in parks possible private Cremorne Reserve. and reserves can include steps, encroachments are paths, walls, small buildings identified. such as sheds, or vegetation. In instances where the encroachment is in good and safe condition and has minimal impact (ie land is still available for public use), or in instances where there is no reasonable alternative, Council may decide to take no further action. Remove private encroachments In the first instance Council O Identified Crown Lands that significantly alienate public will contact the adjacent encroachments Act 1989. open space and impede the property owner regarding removed in ability of the community to use removal of the encroachment. accordance with the land for public recreation. Council processes. To prevent future private Provide staff and contractors Ensuring staff and contractors ST - O Regular encroachments onto working in the Reserve with are aware of property inspections by Cremorne Reserve. relevant maps and aerial boundaries will mean new Council staff photographs showing boundary encroachments can be easily working in the lines between private properties identified. Reserve. and the Reserve.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 69

Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Zoning To ensure Cremorne Ensure boundaries between A new Local Environmental O Boundaries Draft Local Reserve is zoned areas of public open space and Plan is currently being amended on Environmental appropriately in areas of bushland on Council’s produced. Council’s new Plan 2009 NSC. Council’s Local zoning map accurately reflect A more accurate zoning map LEP. Environmental Plan. what exists in the Reserve. will enable people to gain an accurate indication of how Council is managing the various sections of the Reserve. Ensure staff working in Provide staff working in the The delineation between private ST Council staff and Local Cremorne Reserve are Reserve with relevant maps and and publicly owned land is contractors Environmental aware of property aerial photographs showing particularly unclear in some working in the Plan 2001 NSC. boundaries. boundary lines between private areas on the eastern side of the Reserve provided Draft Local properties and the Reserve, and Reserve. with appropriate Environmental between areas of the Reserve boundary Plan 2009 NSC. zoned ‘Bushland’ and those information. zoned ‘Public Open Space’.

Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Heritage To ensure Council’s Maintain inventory sheet on Projects taking place in the O Inventory sheets Listing heritage listing is Council’s Heritage Database. Reserve must consider its available to the maintained in Council’s heritage significance. public. Local Environmental Plan 2001. To ensure staff working Provide staff with a copy of the Council staff consult with O Level of North Sydney in the Reserve are aware relevant inventory sheets from Council’s Conservation Planner compliance with Council Local of its heritage the Heritage Database. prior to any new development DA conditions. Environmental significance. or major upgrade taking place Plan 2001. in the Reserve.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 70

Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Maintenance To maintain the Reserve Carry out regular maintenance Council staff are permanently O Condition of the North Sydney to an appropriate in Cremorne Reserve to a high stationed in Cremorne Reserve. Reserve. Council standard to respond to the standard; befitting the status of Delivery needs and expectations of the Reserve and ensuring Program. users and the community, provision of a safe and and commensurate with attractive recreation resource. Council resources. Undertake emergency repairs, Council staff are pro-active; O Expenditure/ removals or other additional identifying problem areas and revenue ratio maintenance work as required. responding to public requests. achieved. Monitor cost of maintenance This allows provision of O Condition of the and replacement work adequate resources to facilitate Reserve. the required work and to prevent future problems. Investigate alternatives to the Efficiency issues include the ST Investigations current use of wheelbarrows to limited carrying capacity of carried out and improve the efficiency and wheelbarrows, (resulting in recommendations effectiveness of maintenance numerous trips), and the made. operations in the Reserve. amount of time taken to move a wheelbarrow around a 3km long Reserve. Alternatives may include using a light utility vehicle. Investigate the feasibility of Suitable potential locations for ST Investigations installing a small, low-key a small shed would be central carried out and maintenance shed in the and unobtrusive. recommendations Reserve (with the capacity to made. house a light utility vehicle or similar) if a cost benefit analysis supports this approach.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 71 Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Maintenance To ensure the children's Manage and maintain the All Plans of Management are O Playground Playgrounds cont. playground is functional, playground as per Council’s available on Council’s website maintained as per Plan of safe and attractive. Playgrounds Plan of in the ‘Policies and Plans/Open Playgrounds Plan Management. Management. Space’ area. of Management. Inspect the playground Any required work identified O Playground regularly to ensure all in the maintenance inspections maintained in equipment and ancillary is attended to as speedily as good condition. facilities are in good condition. possible. To ensure all bushland Manage and maintain areas of Bushland rehabilitation is O Bushland areas Bushland Plan within the Reserve is the Reserve zoned ‘Bushland’ undertaken in accordance with managed and of Management managed and maintained in Council’s LEP 2001 as per contemporary best practice maintained as per NSC. appropriately. Council’s Bushland Plan of principals as they apply to Bushland Plan of LEP 2001 NSC. Management and Cremorne fragmented urban bushland. Management. Reserve Bushland Rehabilitation Plan. To ensure the foreshore Manage and maintain the O Foreshore areas Foreshore Parks areas of the Reserve are foreshore areas of the Reserve managed and and Reserves managed and maintained as per Council’s Foreshore maintained as per Plan of appropriately. Parks and Reserves Plan of Bushland Plan of Management Management. Management. NSC.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 72

Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Management To provide efficient, Implement efficient and O Cost-effectiveness and open and responsive effective systems designed to of management Administration administration and make the best possible use of systems. management. financial, human and natural resources. Respond to public suggestions, O Level of attend to public enquiries community promptly and provide accurate satisfaction and useful information to the gauged from community as required. feedback.

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Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Safety and Risk To identify, measure and Continue to carry out an Refer Issue: "Maintenance". O Inspection Management manage potential hazards inspection program to identify The regular maintenance program regularly in a timely manner to all potential hazards. inspections also function as risk carried out. minimise Council's assessment inspections. exposure to criticism, compensation claims and litigation. Ensure all use of the Reserve is Inappropriate use may O Level of appropriate and consistent with adversely affect people using inappropriate use the Reserve’s zoning as Public the Reserve for appropriate of the Reserve Open Space and Bushland and recreational activities, or may gauged from user the reserved purpose under the degrade the Reserve feedback. Crown Lands Act. environment. Carry out maintenance and risk The playground will be dealt O Required Playgrounds mitigation as required. with as per Council’s measures carried Plan of Playgrounds Plans of out. Management Management. NSC. To minimise the Carry out patrols in Cremorne Council Rangers carry out O Decrease in annual incidence of vandalism to Reserve on a regular basis. patrols. number of play equipment, park incidents reported. furniture and other structures in the Reserve. Remove all graffiti as soon as Removing graffiti as quickly as O Speed of graffiti Graffiti practicable. possible sends the message that removal. Management Council facilities are well Plan 2007. maintained and cared for. NSC. Graffiti should be reported to Council as soon as it is noticed.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 74 Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Safety and Risk Repair vandalised play Reserve users are encouraged O Speed of repair Management equipment, park furniture and to alert Council to any work or removal. cont. other structures and as soon as vandalism as soon as it is practicable, or remove if noticed. damaged beyond repair or dangerous. Consider visibility and avoid O Visibility assessed hidden sites when siting any and concealed new structures, park furniture sites avoided. or play equipment.

Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Fire To protect people and Carry out hazard reduction and The NSW Fire & Rescue O Hazard reduction Local Management property from bushfire ecological burns in areas of the carries out the hazard reduction burns carried out Environmental and incorporate fire as Reserve zoned ‘Bushland’ on burns in coordination with as necessary. Plan 2001 NSC. a management tool in an as-needs basis. Council’s Bushland maintaining the Management Team. biodiversity of the Burns are prioritised in areas bushland sections of the where natural regeneration is Reserve. more likely to occur.

Performance Issue Objective Action Comments Priority References Indicators Monitoring of To review and update the Review Cremorne Reserve Plan Review implementation and O Achievement of Management Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management regularly. performance regularly. Plan objectives Systems of Management regularly Review and update policy and within the stated in order to conserve, planning issues after 5 years. time frame. maintain and enhance the Relevancy of values and character of Cremorne Reserve the Reserve. Plan of Management.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 75

5.2 INDICATIVE WORKS PROGRAM

Note: Works listed in the following table are proposed new projects only. Actions designated as ‘Ongoing’ in the Matrix section of this Plan are not included here.

S H O R T T E R M M E D I U M T E R M L O N G T E R M WORKS July 2013 - July 2014 July 2014 - July 2015 July 2015 - July 2016 July 2016 - July 2017 July 2017 – July 2018 Install new playground equipment and associated C ancillary facilities. Upgrade an entranceway into the Reserve. Upgrade Pedestrian Intersection area at Robertsons Point. Upgrade the shed housing the pool pump. Engage a suitably qualified professional to carry out a structural condition assessment of Maccallum Pool. Upgrade and improve the pool decking. Investigate the feasibility of providing a dedicated water access point for small craft near Robertsons Point. LT Construct new facility if feasible. Identify and remove abandoned dinghies to de-clutter the Cremorne Reserve foreshore (if construction of a dedicated water access point is not feasible). Install bike racks at key locations near the Reserve.

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE) Page 76 S H O R T T E R M M E D I U M T E R M L O N G T E R M WORKS July 2013 - July 2014 July 2014 - July 2015 July 2015 - July 2016 July 2016 - July 2017 July 2017 – July 2018 Provide staff and contractors working in the Reserve with relevant maps and aerial photographs showing boundary lines between private properties and the Reserve. Upgrade interpretive signs throughout the Reserve. Upgrade stairs and pathway from Green St/Kareela Rd to water/ Sydney Amateur Sailing Club/ Old Cremorne Wharf. Upgrade Robertsons Point Lookout. Investigate alternatives to the current use of wheelbarrows to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of maintenance operations in the Reserve. Investigate the feasibility of installing a small, low-key maintenance shed in the Reserve (with the capacity to house a light utility vehicle or similar) if a cost benefit analysis supports this approach. Review Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management regularly. ●

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6.0 Appendices and Supporting Material

6.1 Appendix 1 - Explanation of Relevant Zones

Bushland Zone

1. Objectives of the zone

The particular objectives of this zone are to:

(a) protect and preserve bushland so as to provide representation of the natural state and to enable existing animal and plant communities to survive in the long term;

(b) allow, where appropriate, for low impact recreational opportunities which will protect the values of bushland; and

(c) protect and preserve bushland for its natural, cultural, historical, scientific, educational, archaeological, geological, recreational, scenic and visual values in accordance with the Bushland Plan of Management adopted by the Council under the Local Government Act 1993.

2. Development or activity which may be carried out in this zone

Any development in accordance with the Plan of Management adopted under Division 2 of Part 2 of Chapter 6 of the Local Government Act, 1993 and for the time being applicable to the subject land; bushfire hazard reduction; bushland regeneration and management; community notice signs; drainage; landscaping; remediation; vehicular access for emergency and maintenance vehicles; visitor facilities; vehicle access to another permissible use within the zone.

Public Open Space Zone

1. Objectives of the zone

The particular objectives of this zone are to:

(a) allow for a range of open space areas which meet the needs of the community for both formal and informal recreation;

(b) ensure sufficient public recreation areas are available for the benefit and use of the community; and

(c) allow for the enhancement and management of recreation areas in accordance with Plans of Management adopted by Council under the Local Government Act 1993.

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2. Development or activity which may be carried out in this zone

Any development in accordance with the Plan of Management adopted under Division 2 of Part 2 of Chapter 6 of the Local Government Act 1993 and for the time being applicable to the subject land; bushfire hazard reduction; community notice signs; cycle ways; drainage; horticulture; landscaping; park maintenance; recreation areas; refreshment rooms; remediation; temporary signs; temporary structures, including temporary structures for the sale of goods, information displays, and the display and sale of merchandise and produce; utility installations, other than generating works or gasholders; visitor facilities; vehicle access to another permissible use within the zone.

(Source: Local Environmental Plan, 2001. North Sydney Council.)

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Page 80

6.2 Appendix 2 - Definitions

Organised Sport

Organised sport describes sporting activities that are played on a permanently marked or designated playing surface provided and maintained by Council. These playing surfaces include grassed sportsgrounds (accommodating cricket, rugby, soccer, AFL, touch football etc), basketball, netball and tennis courts, cricket wickets and hockey fields. Fees are charged for use of all organised sporting facilities, and bookings must be made through Council’s Customer Services Department.

Informal Sport and Games

Informal sports and games are those that do not require use of a marked or designated playing surface. They may be played within Council’s parks and reserves free of charge, on a first-come first-served basis, as long as they comply with the requirements of the relevant Council Plan of Management, and do not significantly compromise the amenity of other park users.

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Page 81 6.3 Appendix 3 – Tree Vandalism Policy

1. Statement of Intent 1.1 The Intent of this policy is to identify the actions taken by Council against tree vandalism on public land.

2. Eligibility 2.1 The policy applies across the whole of the North Sydney Local Government Area.

3. Definitions 3.1 Tree Vandalism – the unauthorised damage to any native or exotic plant on public land 3.2 Tree or trees – will refer to any tree or plant on public land, regardless of height

4. Provisions 4.1 Where offenders are caught in the act of tree vandalism, they will be prosecuted under the Tree Preservation Order 2006 4.2 Where Council identifies or suspects tree vandalism to have taken on public land, Council will issue notices to the surrounding areas and install 2.5 x 2.5 metre signs near the vandalised tree(s) appealing for information on the tree vandalism attacks. “Warning. Trees in this area have been wilfully destroyed by selfish vandals. $10,000 reward offered for information leading to a successful prosecution. Penalty for breaching North Sydney Council Tree Preservation Order up to $1.1 million. If you have any information regarding this matter contact North Sydney Council (02) 9936 8100”. 4.3 In the case of vandalised trees dying, appropriate species will be planted to replace the tree canopy. 4.4 The tree vandalism signs will be left in place until the vandalised trees recover to their former state or planted trees grow to the previous trees’ size.

5. Responsibility/Accountability 5.1 The Division of Open Space and Environment Services is responsible for administering this policy and taking actions as defined in Section 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4 in this policy.

6. Related Policies/Legislation The Policy should be read in conjunction with the North Sydney Council Tree Preservation Order 2006.

Policy Re-Adopted by North Sydney Council on 16 February 2009

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Page 82 6.4 Appendix 4 – NS Council’s Outdoor Fitness Training Code of Conduct

Introduction

The purpose of the North Sydney Council Outdoor Fitness Training Code of Conduct is: • To eliminate negative behaviour that interferes with the amenity of local residents and other park users. • To ensure access to and use of public open space is preserved for all members of the community. • To protect the public open space and public domain for future community use. • To provide the opportunity for the community to benefit from, enjoy and engage in fitness training in a variety of outdoor environments.

The Code

1. Training Times Organised outdoor fitness training is only to occur between the hours of 6am and 9pm.

2. Group size Total size of group (including trainers), is not to be larger than 10 people.

3. Activities or Groups that are not required to comply with this Code of Conduct include: • Walking groups • Activities of local schools under the supervision of a teacher. • Hirers that have a booking with North Sydney Council and comply with the Terms and Conditions of Use.

4. “No Go” Zones The following areas are not to be utilised for outdoor fitness training. • Areas of high pedestrian activity, e.g. shopping strips, footpaths etc; • Facilities and areas booked by Council and other user groups for programs and events, e.g. youth programs, corporate events and birthday parties; • Within marked designated sports fields on sportsgrounds (unless conducted with an approved booking). Sports fields are defined by North Sydney Council as: “The actual marked or designated playing surface used for playing organised sport. While most playing surfaces in North Sydney are turf, other surfaces can include asphalt, acrylic/hard court and synthetic grass.” (See map of sportsgrounds in North Sydney); • Areas where training activities have a negative impact on neighbouring properties and other park users, e.g. intrusive noise, aggressive language etc; • Within 50m of residential properties before 7am; • Within 20m of War Memorials, monuments and cemeteries; • Within 10m of children’s playgrounds; • Within areas zoned as ‘Bushland’ unless on formed asphalt or concrete footpaths; (see map of bushland in North Sydney) • Areas closed for renovation or upgrading;

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Page 83 • Park structures and furniture (e.g. buildings, shelters, fountains, walls, seats, picnic tables, signs, bubblers etc), trees, plants and garden beds etc. must not be used for training.

5. “No Go” Activities The following activities are not to be conducted by personal trainers. • Amplified music or amplified audio (voice) equipment, whistles and loud shouting or other intrusive noise-generating activities; • Aggressive, intimidating or noisy training activities including military style squad training; • Activities necessitating the use of large sized specialist resistance and load bearing training equipment such as bars or benches, logs, tyres, heavy ropes or other large pieces of equipment; • The soliciting of funds, sale of merchandise, advertising of goods or services (including use of banners, A-frame signs etc), or distribution of printed materials; • Use of objects that mark out an area to imply exclusive use.

Fees and Charges

At the present time North Sydney Council is not planning to charge Personal Trainers an administration fee for the use of public open space. However all personal trainers wishing to conduct outdoor fitness training in the North Sydney Local Government Area are expected to comply with this Code of Conduct.

Compliance with the Code of Conduct

Personal trainers are asked to complete the attached declaration and comply with the Code of Conduct at all times. Signing the declaration signifies a personal trainer’s intent to comply with the Code of Conduct All trainers are required to comply with reasonable directions of Council Ranger(s) or other Council Staff in relation to any actual or potential activities undertaken in line with the Code of Conduct. Personal Trainers will be issued with an item to identify themselves as having signed up to Council’s Code of Conduct. The item is to be on display during any fitness activity conducted on public open space in North Sydney. It should be noted that committing to the Code and displaying the identifying item does not imply that Council endorses or is liable for, any damage or loss the Trainer may suffer by act, default or neglect of any other person. Nor does it imply that Council has made any assessment of that Trainer’s suitability to supply the training service.

Non- compliance with the Code of Conduct

Personal Trainers not compliant will be moved on by Council’s Rangers. Continued non- compliance may result in a request to permanently cease the conduct of fitness activities on public open space in North Sydney.

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Page 84

6.5 Appendix 5 – Cremorne Reserve – Fauna Species List

Cremorne Reserve - Species List

Common name Conservation Last date Occurrence Habitat Status observed

Amphibians Common Eastern Locally common 2010 yb v Froglet

Reptiles Eastern Water Locally significant 2010 yb w Dragon Southern Leaf- Locally common 2009 yb ehu tailed Gecko Burton's Legless Locally significant 2009 yb v Lizard Fence Skink Locally common 2010 yb eu Eastern Water Locally significant 2009 yb w Skink Greater Bar-sided Locally significant 1992 yb e Skink Delicate Garden Locally common 2010 yb ehu Skink Three-toed Skink Locally significant 2009 yb e Eastern Blue- Locally significant 2009 yb eh tongued Skink Golden-crowned Locally significant 2009 yb eh Snake

Birds Australian Brush- Regionally 2009 yb re turkey threatened Stubble Quail Regionally 2008 rn g threatened Pacific Black Duck Locally significant 2009 yb w Australian Wood Locally significant 2008 in wg Duck White-tailed Migratory species 2009 rn m Tropicbird Crested Pigeon Locally common 2010 yb gu Tawny Frogmouth Locally common 2009 yb eu White-throated Migratory species 2009 sn a Needletail Wedge-tailed Migratory species 2009 rn m Shearwater Little Penguin Regionally 2008 wn mwc threatened Australasian Locally common 2009 rn m Gannet Australasian Darter Locally significant 2008 yn w

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Page 85 Common name Conservation Last date Occurrence Habitat Status observed Little Pied Locally significant 2010 yn wc Cormorant

Great Cormorant Locally significant 2009 yn wc Little Black Locally significant 2010 yn wc Cormorant Pied Cormorant Locally significant 2010 yn wc Australian Pelican Locally significant 2010 in w White-necked Regionally 2009 rn w Heron threatened White-faced Heron Locally significant 2010 yb wc Nankeen Night- Locally common 2006 rn w Heron Australian White Locally common 2010 yn gwu Ibis Brown Goshawk Locally significant 2010 in e White-bellied Sea- Migratory species 2008 in wc Eagle Whistling Kite Locally common 2009 rn wc Brown Falcon Locally common 2002 rn gh Nankeen Kestrel Locally significant 2008 in gc Peregrine Falcon Locally common 2008 yb v Dusky Moorhen Locally common 2001 rn w Masked Lapwing Locally common 2010 yb gwu Silver Gull Locally common 2010 yn wcu Franklin's Gull Locally common 1981 rn wc Common Tern Migratory species 2002 sn wc Crested Tern Locally significant 2010 in wc Sulphur-crested Locally common 2010 yb egu Cockatoo Yellow-tailed Black- Locally significant 2009 wn eh Cockatoo Galah Locally common 2010 yb gu Australian King- Locally common 2010 yb eu Parrot Crimson Rosella Locally common 2009 yb ehu Eastern Rosella Locally common 2010 yb egu Rainbow Lorikeet Locally common 2010 yb ehu Shining Bronze- Locally common 2005 rn e Cuckoo Eastern Koel Locally common 2009 sb eu Channel-billed Locally common 2009 sb eu Cuckoo Powerful Owl Threatened in NSW 2010 yb e Laughing Locally common 2010 yb eu Kookaburra Sacred Kingfisher Locally significant 2010 sb ew Superb Fairy-wren Locally significant 2010 yb v Variegated Fairy- Locally significant 2008 yb eh wren White-browed Locally significant 2010 yb eh Scrubwren Red Wattlebird Locally common 2010 yb ehu Noisy Miner Locally common 2010 yb eu New Holland Locally common 2002 rn eh Honeyeater

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Common name Conservation Last date Occurrence Habitat Status observed Eastern Whipbird Locally significant 2010 yb eh

Black-faced Locally common 2010 yb Egu Cuckoo-shrike Australasian Figbird Locally common 2009 yb ru Australian Magpie Locally common 2010 yb gu Grey Butcherbird Locally common 2010 yb Eu Pied Currawong Locally common 2010 yb eu Australian Raven Locally common 2010 yb v Magpie-lark Locally common 2010 yb gwu Black-faced Migratory species 2006 sn re Monarch Silvereye Locally common 2010 yb ehu Welcome Swallow Locally common 2010 yb au

Mammals Common Brushtail Locally common 2010 yb eu Possum Common Ringtail Locally common 2010 yb ehu Possum Grey-headed Nationally 2010 yn eu Flying-fox threatened species Eastern Bent-wing Threatened in NSW 2008 yn a Bat

Occurrence: y = likely to be present all year, s = spring-summer visitor, w = autumn-winter visitor, i = irregular visitor, r = rare visitorb = known or likely to breed in North Sydney, e = escapee from captivity, n = unlikely to breed now in North Sydney, ( ) = former occurrence of species not recorded for many years

Habitat: r = rainforest, e = eucalypt forest/woodland, h = heath/scrub, g = grassland/open vegetation, u = urban, w = wetlands/estuaries/watercourses, c = coast, m = marine, a = aerial, v = various

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6.6 Appendix 6 – Angophora Foreshore Forest - Species List

Angophora Foreshore Forest - Species List

Scientific name Common name Status Abundance AF Adiantum aethiopicum Common Maidenhair L U Asplenium australasicum Bird's Nest Fern L U Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace Fern L U Histiopteris incisa Bat's Wing Fern L U Hypolepis muelleri Harsh Ground Fern L M Pteridium esculentum Bracken L C Calochlaena dubia Common Ground Fern L C Gleichenia dicarpa Pouched Coral Fern L U Platycerium bifurcatum Elkhorn L U Psilotum nudum Skeleton Fork Fern L U Pteris tremula Tender Brake U Christella dentata L U Callitris rhomboidea Port Jackson Pine L U Podocarpus spinulosus Plum Pine L U Pseuderanthemum variabile Pastel Flower L M Centella asiatica Swamp Pennywort U Hydrocotyle peduncularis L M Platysace lanceolata Native Parsnip L C Xanthosia pilosa Woolly Xanthosia L U Xanthosia tridentata Rock Xanthosia L U Astrotricha floccosa Flannel Leaf L U Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry Panax L M Ozothamnus diosmifolius White Dogwood L U Sigesbeckia orientalis Indian Weed L U Pandorea pandorana Wonga Wonga Vine L M Wahlenbergia gracilis Sprawling Bluebell U Trema tomentosa Native Peach L U Allocasuarina littoralis Black She-oak L M Allocasuarina torulosa Forest Oak L U Casuarina glauca Swamp Oak L U Dichondra repens s.lat. Kidney Weed U Polymeria calycina L U Callicoma serratifolia Black Wattle L U Ceratopetalum apetalum Coachwood L U Ceratopetalum gummiferum Christmas Bush L M Hibbertia aspera Rough Guinea Flower L U Hibbertia dentata Twining Guinea Flower L U Elaeocarpus reticulatus Blueberry Ash L C Epacris longiflora Fuchsia Heath L U Leucopogon juniperinus Prickly Beard-heath L U Monotoca elliptica Tree Broom-heath L U Woollsia pungens Woollsia L U Breynia oblongifolia Coffee Bush L U Glochidion ferdinandi C var. ferdinandi Cheese Tree C var. pubens Hairy Cheese Tree L U Homalanthus populifolius Bleeding Hearts M

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Scientific name Common name Status Abundance AF Phyllanthus hirtellus Thyme Spurge L M Acacia implexa Hickory Wattle L U Acacia linifolia Flax-leaved Wattle L U Acacia longifolia Sydney Golden Wattle L C Acacia parramattensis Sydney Green Wattle L U Acacia schinoides L U Acacia suaveolens Sweet Wattle L U Acacia terminalis Sunshine Wattle M ssp. angustifolia L U ssp. terminalis AN M angustifolia /terminalis intermediate AN U Cissus hypoglauca Giant Water Vine L U Livistona australis Cabbage-tree Palm L U Commelina cyanea Scurvy Weed C Cyathochaeta diandra Sheath Rush L U Cyperus gracilis U Gahnia aspera Rough Saw-sedge L U Gahnia clarkei L U Gahnia melanocarpa Black-fruited Saw-sedge R U Lepidosperma concavum L U Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedge L M Schoenus melanostachys Black Bog-rush L M Juncus continuus L U Juncus usitatus Common Rush L U Lomandra cylindrica Needle Mat-rush L U Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rush U ssp. filiformis L U Lomandra gracilis L U Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rush L C Lomandra multiflora Many-flowered Mat-rush L U Lomandra obliqua Twisted Mat-rush L U Eustrephus latifolius Wombat Berry L M Geitonoplesium cymosum Scrambling Lily L U Cryptostylis erecta Tartan Tongue Orchid L U Cryptostylis subulata Large Tongue Orchid L U Dianella caerulea Blue Flax Lily L C Dianella revoluta Spreading Flax Lily L M Anisopogon avenaceus Oat Speargrass L U Aristida vagans Threeawn Speargrass L U Austrodanthonia tenuior L U Austrostipa pubescens Tall Spear Grass L U Austrostipa ramosissima Stout Bamboo Grass R U Dichelachne crinita Longhair Plumegrass L U Dichelachne micrantha Shorthair Plumegrass L U Digitaria parviflora Small-flowered Finger Grass L M Echinopogon caespitosus Tufted Hedgehog Grass L U Echinopogon ovatus Forest Hedgehog Grass L U Entolasia marginata Bordered Panic L M Entolasia stricta Wiry Panic L C Eragrostis brownii Brown's Lovegrass L U Imperata cylindrica Blady Grass L M Microlaena stipoides Weeping Grass C Oplismenus aemulus Basket Grass M Oplismenus imbecillis Basket Grass U Panicum simile Two Colour Panic L U Paspalidium distans L M

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Page 89 Scientific name Common name Status Abundance AF

Poa affinis L C Themeda australis Kangaroo Grass L U Smilax glyciphylla Sweet Sarsaparilla L M Xanthorrhoea arborea Broad-leaf Grass-tree L U Xanthorrhoea media Forest Grass-tree L U

Status: A = threatened in Australia (EPBC Act) N = threatened in NSW (TSC Act) R = threatened at regional level (Sydney Metropolitan Catchment Management Authority area) L = threatened at local level (North Sydney LGA) E = locally extinct? (no records for 25+ years)

Abundance: U = uncommon M = moderately common C = common X = abundance not recorded

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE)

Page 90 6.7 Appendix 7 – Disclimax Sandstone Scrub – Species List

Disclimax Sandstone Scrub - Species List

Scientific name Common name Status Abundance DS Adiantum aethiopicum Common Maidenhair L U Asplenium australasicum Bird's Nest Fern L U Doodia caudata Small Rasp Fern L U Cyathea australis Rough Treefern L U Davallia pyxidata Hare's Foot Fern R U Histiopteris incisa Bat's Wing Fern L U Hypolepis muelleri Harsh Ground Fern L U Pteridium esculentum Bracken L C Calochlaena dubia Common Ground Fern L C Platycerium bifurcatum Elkhorn L U Psilotum nudum Skeleton Fork Fern L U Pteris tremula Tender Brake U Christella dentata L U Podocarpus spinulosus Plum Pine L U Platysace lanceolata Native Parsnip L U Xanthosia pilosa Woolly Xanthosia L U Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry Panax L U Ozothamnus diosmifolius White Dogwood L U Pandorea pandorana Wonga Wonga Vine L M Allocasuarina distyla Scrub She-oak L U Allocasuarina littoralis Black She-oak L M Allocasuarina torulosa Forest Oak L U Dichondra repens s.lat. Kidney Weed U Callicoma serratifolia Black Wattle L M Ceratopetalum gummiferum Christmas Bush L U Hibbertia dentata Twining Guinea Flower L M Hibbertia linearis Showy Guinea Flower L U Elaeocarpus reticulatus Blueberry Ash L C Epacris longiflora Fuchsia Heath L U Monotoca elliptica Tree Broom-heath L M Breynia oblongifolia Coffee Bush L U Glochidion ferdinandi C var. ferdinandi Cheese Tree C var. pubens Hairy Cheese Tree L U Homalanthus populifolius Bleeding Hearts U Acacia implexa Hickory Wattle L U Acacia linifolia Flax-leaved Wattle L U Acacia longifolia Sydney Golden Wattle L U Acacia suaveolens Sweet Wattle L U Acacia terminalis Sunshine Wattle U ssp. terminalis AN U angustifolia /terminalis intermediate AN U Acacia ulicifolia Prickly Moses L U Desmodium rhytidophyllum Rusty Tick-trefoil L U Hardenbergia violacea False Sarsaparilla L U Kennedia rubicunda Red Kennedy Pea L U Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-pea L U

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Page 91 Scientific name Common name Status Abundance DS Pultenaea daphnoides Large-leaf Bush-pea L U Westringia fruticosa Coastal Rosemary L U Cassytha pubescens Common Devil's Twine L U Lobelia gracilis Trailing Lobelia L U Stephania japonica Stephania L M Ficus rubiginosa Port Jackson Fig L C Myrsine variabilis Muttonwood L U Acmena smithii Lilly Pilly L U Angophora costata Sydney Red Gum L C Eucalyptus pilularis Blackbutt L U Eucalyptus piperita Sydney Peppermint L M Eucalyptus resinifera Red Mahogany L U Kunzea ambigua Tick Bush L M Leptospermum polygalifolium Yellow Teatree L U Notelaea longifolia Large Mock-olive L C Oxalis exilis U Billardiera scandens Appleberry L U Pittosporum revolutum Rough-fruit Pittosporum L M Pittosporum undulatum Pittosporum C Banksia integrifolia Coast Banksia L C Banksia serrata Old Man Banksia L M Grevillea linearifolia White Spider-flower L U Hakea dactyloides Broad-leaved Hakea L U Lambertia formosa Mountain Devil L U Lomatia silaifolia Crinkle Bush L U Persoonia linearis Narrow-leaved Geebung L U Clematis aristata Old Man's Beard L U Clematis glycinoides Old Man's Beard L U Pomax umbellata Pomax L U Crowea saligna L M Leionema dentatum Toothed Phebalium L C Zieria smithii Sandfly Zieria L M Dodonaea triquetra Common Hop Bush L U Cissus hypoglauca Giant Water Vine L U Livistona australis Cabbage-tree Palm L U Commelina cyanea Scurvy Weed M Cyperus laevis R U Gahnia melanocarpa Black-fruited Saw-sedge R U Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedge L U Juncus usitatus Common Rush L U Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rush L C Lomandra obliqua Twisted Mat-rush L U Eustrephus latifolius Wombat Berry L U Cryptostylis subulata Large Tongue Orchid L U Dianella caerulea Blue Flax Lily L M Dianella revoluta Spreading Flax Lily L U Dichelachne crinita Longhair Plumegrass L U Digitaria parviflora Small-flowered Finger Grass L U Echinopogon caespitosus Tufted Hedgehog Grass L U Entolasia marginata Bordered Panic L U Entolasia stricta Wiry Panic L C Imperata cylindrica Blady Grass L U Microlaena stipoides Weeping Grass C Oplismenus aemulus Basket Grass C Oplismenus imbecillis Basket Grass U Paspalidium distans L U Poa affinis L C Smilax glyciphylla Sweet Sarsaparilla L C

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Page 92 Scientific name Common name Status Abundance DS

Xanthorrhoea arborea Broad-leaf Grass-tree L M

Status: A = threatened in Australia (EPBC Act) N = threatened in NSW (TSC Act) R = threatened at regional level (Sydney Metropolitan Catchment Management Authority area) L = threatened at local level (North Sydney LGA) E = locally extinct? (no records for 25+ years)

Abundance: U = uncommon M = moderately common C = common X = abundance not recorded

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Page 93 6.8 Appendix 8 – Heritage Inventory Sheets

Robertsons Point Lighthouse Site of Cremorne Smelter Cremorne Foreshore Reserve including Robertsons Point Old Cremorne Wharf The Maccallum Pool

Cremorne Reserve Plan of Management (MW – OSE)

Page 94 rrem Name: Robertsons Po¡nt Lighthouse Location: Gremorne Point [North Sydney]

Address: Planning: Sydney North

Suburb / Nearest Town: Cremorne Point 2090 Historic Region: Sydney

Local Govt Area: North Sydney Parish:

State: NSW County:

Other/Former Names:

ArealGroup/Gomplex: Group lD: 2181141

AboriginalArea

CurtilagelBoundary:

Item Type: Built Group: Category:

Owner:

Admin Codes: Code 2: Code 3:

Current Use:

Former Uses:

Assessed Significance: Local Endorsed Significance: Local

Statement of An important harbour navigation light which is a minor landmark on the tip of Robertson's Significance: Point. lt is one of the early examples of the use of re-inforced concrete in maritime situations and utilises both in-situ and pre-cast sections.

HistoricalNotes Built in 191 0 and opened in 191 1 , this light reproduces the form and construction of the or Provenance: Bradley's Head light, the first of this design to be erected. These lights were the first use of pre-cast reinforced concrete sections for maritime lighthouses in Australia and have remained in good condition since establishment.

Themes National Theme State Theme Local Theme 3. Economy Communication (none) 3. Economy Transport (none)

Designer:

Maker / Builder:

Year Started: Year Completed: 1913 Circa: Yes

Physical Description: An eight-metre high circular light tower comprising three sections, a circular solid base, a ¡emName: Robertsons Po¡nt Lighthouse Location: Gremorne Point [North Sydney]

cenhe section of pre-cast semi-circular arches forming a tapering cylinder, and the top section comprising a flat circular walkway around the glazed light room, topped by a semi- spherical copper dome with finial shaped as an orb. The walkway has a light steel pipe handrailing and a short timber foot bridge connects the light to the mainland.

Physical Condition: lntact

Modification Dates: Recommended Management:

Management:

Further Comments:

Criteria a)

Criteria b)

Criteria c)

Criteria d)

Criteria e)

Griteria f) This item is assessed as historically rare statewide. This item is assessed as aesthetically rare statewide.

Criteria g) This item is assessed as socially representative locally lntegdty / lntactness:

References:

Studies: Author Title Number Year

Tony Brassil, Robert lrving, Chris North Sydney Heritage Study Review 1060 1993 Pratten, Conybeare Monison

Parcels:

Latitude: Longitude:

Locatíon validity: Spatial Accuracy:

Map Name: U1852 Map Scale:

AMG Zone: Easting 336410 Northing: 625302

Listings: Name: Title: Number: Date: Regional Environmental Plan

Local Environmental Plan rremName: Robertsons Po¡nt Lighthouse Location: Cremorne Point [North Sydney]

Period: 1901 - 1925 struction Circa and Date:

Previous Sub-Type V1: Lighthouse

Style:

Materials:

Cultural Resources:

Data Entry: Date First Entered: 2ô102/1998 Date Updated: 0410912012 Status: Completed rtem Name: Site of Gremorne Smelter Location: 5 Green Street, east of, Gremorne [North Sydneyl

Address: 5 Green Sheet, east of Planning: Sydney North

Suburb I Nearest Town: Cremorne 2090 Historic Region: Sydney

Local Govt Area: North Sydney Parish:

State: NSW County:

Other/Former Names:

Area/Group/Complex: Group lD

AboriginalArea:

Gurtilage/Boundary:

Item Type: Archaeological-Terrest Group: Category:

0wner:

Admin Codes: Code 2: Code 3

Current Use:

Former Uses:

AssessedSignificance: Local Endorsed Significance: Local

Statement of lmportant as the site of one of the early industrial enterprises of Sydney and of particular Significance: interest in view of the subsequent residential character of the area. Potential archaeological site pertaining to early induskial processes.

HistoricalNotes Established in the '1840's, utilising waterfront access. Ore was brought from Burra Burra in or Provenance: South Australia. Not very successful and smelting was ultimately carried on at the mine site.

Themes: National Theme State Theme Local Theme 3. Economy lndustry (none) 9. Phases oflife Events (none)

Designer:

Maker I Builder:

Year Started: Year Completed: 1840 Circa: Yes

Physical Description: Scattered remains of smelting slag and coke are apparent in the sloping foreshore in front of No. 5 Green Street (The Laurels) rtem Name: Site of Cremorne Smelter Location: 5 Green Street, east of, Cremorne [North Sydneyl

Physical Condition:

Modification Dates: ïhe above ground structures were removed circa 1900 and residential housing built on the site. Recommended Management:

Management:

Further Comments:

Criteria a)

Criteria b)

Criteria c)

Criteria d)

Criteria e)

Criteria f) ïhis item is assessed as historically rare statewide. This item is assessed as aesthetically rare statewide. This item is assessed as scientifically rare statewide.

Criteria g) This item is assessed as historically representative statewide. This item is assessed as socially representative locally.

lntegrity I lntactness: Removed

References:

Studies: Author Title Number Year

Tony Brassil, Robert lrving, Chris North Sydney Heritage Study Review 1 110 1993 Pratten, Conybeare Monison

Parcels:

Latitude: Longitude:

Location validi$: Spatial Accuracy:

Map Name: u1852 Map Scale:

AMG Zone: Easting: 336100 Northing: 625371

Listings: Name: Title: Number: Date: Regional Environmental Plan

Local Environmental Plan

Period: 1851 - 1875 struction Circa and Date: rtem Name: Site of Cremorne Smelter Location: 5 Green Street, east of Gremorne [North Sydney]

Previous Sub-Type V1: Smelter

Style:

Materials:

Cultural Resources:

Data Entry: Date First Entered: 2610211998 Date Updated: 0310912012 Status: Completed rrem Namer Gremorne Foreshore Reserve including Robertso

Location: Gremorne [North S¡¿dney]

Address: Planning: Sydney North

Suburb I Nearest Town: Cremorne 2090 Historic Region: Sydney

Local Govt Area: North Sydney Parish:

State: NSW Coun$:

OtherlFormer Names:

Area/Group/Gomplex: Group lD: 2181141

AboriginalArea:

CurtilagelBoundary:

Item Type: Landscape Group: ParkS, Gardens and Category: Other - Parks, Garden

Owner:

Admin Codes: Code 2: Code 3

Current Use:

Former Uses:

Assessed Significance: Local Endorsed Significance: Local

Statement of lmportant harbourside foreshore reserve and the most substantial example in the Significance: municipality of the imposition of the 100ft Reservation applied from 1828. Associated with early public and government action to preserve this reservation and a Parliamentary lnquiry and Court action in the 1890s. Contains site of early Pleasure Garden and Excursion destination from 1856.

Historical Notes Cremorne Peninsula promised to James Robertson, watchmaker and keeper of the or Provenance: Government Observatory in 1825. Grantconfirmed in 1832. Land little used until sold in 1853 to James Milson. An experimental Copper smelting industry was established in the

mid-1 B40s on the eastern shore but was nót successful and was removed by 1 849. Robertson's Point was leased in 1855 and Cremorne Gardens, operated by Clarke and Woolcott, opened on Easter Monday, 1856. lnitially a popular success, it seems to have gained an unsavourary reputation and was in ruins by 1862. The site then reverted to a picnic spot until development was contemplated in 1885. A prolonged dispute, culminating in a legal contest was resolved in favour of the public's right to foreshore access. Subdivision of the peninsula followed, The Reserve was dedicated for public recreation on 16 September 1905.

Themes: National Theme State Theme Local Theme 3. Economy Environment - cultural land (none)

4. Settlement Accommodation (Housing) (none)

B. Culture Leisure (none)

8. Culture Leisure (none) rrem Name: Gremorne Foreshore Reserve ¡ncluding Robertso Location: Gremorne [North Sydney]

Desígner:

Maker / Builder:

Year Started: Year Completed: 1888 Circa: Yes

Physical Description: Some natural vegetation remains, expecially kees and some undergrowth on sheltered parts of Robertson Point. Much of the bushland on the eastern side was cleared in the 1970s as partof an unemploymentscheme. Bush regeneration commenced in the 1990s. Exotic plantings and turfed areas within the Reserve merge with the landscape of the private gardens adjacent extending their visual curtilage. Lex and Rubys Graham's Garden on the eastern side of the Point was begun in 1962. A lighthouse at the tip of the point, enhances the setting. Maccallum's pool on the western side of the Reserve was constructed in the

1 930s.

A prominent northside harbour site of a nineteenth century pleasure ground from 1856, promoted by the ferry companies which offered day trips and picnics around the harbour. The Cremorne Pleasure Gardens included a dance hall, carousel, archery, rifle shooting, Italian 'Serpentine Walks', skittles and gymnastics. lt opened with great fanfare but fell into disrepair within a few years and re-opened later as a picnic venue. lt was largely abandoned by the mid 1880s.

Physical Condition

Modification Dates: Recommended Management:

Management:

Further Comments:

Criteria a)

Criteria b)

Griteria c)

Criteria d)

Criteria e)

Criteria f) This item is assessed as historically rare regionally. Ihis item is assessed as aesthetically rare regionally, rtemName: Gremorne Foreshore Reserve ¡ncluding Robertso Location: Gremorne [North Sydney]

Criteria g) This item is assessed as socially representative regionally

lntegrity / lntactness: _

ReferenCeS: Author litle Year ' Lianne Hall of North Sydney Council Down By The Bay 1 997

Studies: Author Tiüe Number Year Tony Brassil, Robert lrving, Chris North Sydney Heritage Study Review 1141 1993 Pratten, Conybeare Monison

Parcels: Parcel Code LotNumber Section Plan Code Plan Number

LOT A DP 350785

LOT 2 DP 747311

LOT 1 DP 89462

LOT 51 DP 901143

LOT 2 DP 978690

Latitude: Longítude:

Location validity: Spatial Accuracy:

Map Name: U1852 Map Scale:

AMG Zone: Easting: 336300 Northing: 62531 0

Listings: Name: Title: Number: Date: Regional Environmental Plan

Local Environmental Plan

W¡thin a conservation area on an LEP

Period: 1876 - 1900 struction Circa and Date:

Previous Sub-Type V1: Park

Style:

Materials:

Cultural Resources:

Data Entry: Date Fitst Enteredi 26102h998 Date Updated: 0410912012 Status: Partial rtem Name; Old Cremorne Wharf Location: Cremorne [North Sydney]

Address: Planning: Sydney North

Suburb / Nearest Town: Cremorne 2090 Historic Region: Sydney

Local Govt Area: North Sydney Parish:

State: NSW County:

Other/Former Names:

AreafGroup/Complex: Group lD:

AboriginalArea:

CurtilagelBoundary:

Item Type: Built Group: Category:

Owner:

Admin Codes: Gode 2: Gode 3:

Current Use:

Former Uses: State Themes: The hansport network.

Assessed Significance: Local Endorsed Significance: Local

Statement of The site is a relic of the early residential development of Cremorne Point. lt continues nearly Significance: a century of use as a commuter feny landing. lt is an element in the history of the transport system based on the waterway.

HistoricalNotes The site of an early feny landing on Cremorne Point, it has been in continuous use as a or Provenance commuter wharf since the early twentieth century.

Themes: National Theme State Theme Local Theme 3. Economy Transport (none)

Designer:

Maker I Builder:

Year Started: Year Completed: 1938 Circa: Yes

Physical Description: The present wharf has a simple square steel and glass shelter on a concrete deck on concrete piles, with a steel and concrete pontoon landing attached. lt retains the name Old Cremorne and it's access is onto the foreshore reserve footpath adjacent to residential areas further up the ridge. rtem Name: Old Cremorne Wharf

Location: Cremorne [North Sydney]

Physical Condition

Modification Dates: Wharf structure updated circa 1989/90 Recommended Management:

Management:

Further Comments:

Criteria a)

Criteria b)

Criteria c)

Criteria d)

Criteria e)

Criteria f)

Criteria g) This item is assessed as historically representative regionally

lntegrity / lntactness:

References:

Studies: Author Title Number Year

Tony Brassil, Robert lrving, Chris North Sydney Heritage Study Review 1120 1 993 Pratten, Conybeare Monison

Parcels:

Latitude: Longitude:

Location validity: Spatial Accuracy:

Map Name: U1852 Map Scale:

AMG Zone: Easting: 336170 Northing: 625387

Listings: Name: Title: Number: Date:

Regional Environmental Plan

Period: 1926 - 1950 struction Circa and Date:

Previous Sub-Type V1: Dock/wharf building or structure

Style: rrem Name: Old Gremorne Wharf Location: Cremorne fNorth Sydney]

Materials:

Cultural Resources:

Data Entry: Date First Entered: 26/02/'1998 Date Updated: 1410912012 Status: Completed rremName: The Maccallum Pool Location: Gremorne Reserve, Gremorne [North Sydney]

Address: Cremorne Reserve Planning: Sydney North

Suburb / Nearest Town: Cremorne 2090 Historic Region: Sydney

Local Govt Area: North Sydney Parish:

State: NSW County:

OtherlFormer Names:

Area/Group/Complex: Group lD: 2141141 AboriginalArea:

CurtilagelBoundary:

Item Type: Built Group Category:

Owner:

Admin Codes: Code 2: Code 3

Current Use:

Former Uses:

Assessed Significance: Local Endorsed Significance: Local

Statement of One of the last remaining municipal harbourside pools on the north side of the harbour. Significance: Rebuilt in the 1970s, its present form is a product of the same public liabili$ conditions that saw most other similar facilities removed during the same decade.

HistoricalNotes Opened in the 1930s and rebuilt in the 1970s. or Provenance:

Themes National Theme State Theme Local Theme B. Culture Leisure (none)

8. Culture Sport (none)

Designer:

Maker / Builder:

Year Started: Year Completed: 1913 Circa: Yes

Physical Description: A rectangular swimming pool on brick piers and timber piles set above the tidal zone on the foreshores of Cremorne Reserve. lt has a sunounding timber picket fence of Federation style and a small pump house of concrete at the southern end with a metal door and semi- rremName: The Maccallum Pool Locatíon: Cremorne Reserve, Cremorne [North Sydneyl

circular arched pediment.

Physical Condition:

Modification Dates: Recommended Management:

Management:

Further Comments:

Criteda a)

Criteria b)

Criteria c)

Criteria d)

Criteria e)

Criteria f) This item is assessed as historically rare regionally.

Criteria g) ïhis item is assessed as aesthetically representative regionally. This item is assessed as socially representative regionally.

lntegrity / lntactness: _

References:

Studies: Author Title Number Year Tony Brassil, Robert lrving, Chris North Sydney Heritage Study Review 1147 '1993 Pratten, Conybeare Morrison

Parcels:

Latitude: Longitude:

Location validity: Spatial Accuracy:

Map Name: U1852 Map Scale:

AMG Zone: Easting: Northing:

Listings: Name: Title: Number: Date: Within a conservation area on an LEP

Period: 1901 - 1925 struction Circa and Date:

Previous Sub-Type V1: Swimming Pool rrèmName: The Maccallum Pool

Location: Cremorne Reserve, Cremorne [North Sydney]

Style:

Materials:

Cultural Resources:

Data Entry: Date First Entered: 2610211998 Date Updated: 0410912012 Status: Completed