DOCSLIB.ORG

1 P1.35 Meso-Scale Pressure Dips Accompanied by A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1 P1.35 Meso-Scale Pressure Dips Accompanied by A P1.35 MESO-SCALE PRESSURE DIPS ACCOMPANIED BY A SEVERE CONVECTIVE STORM OF TROPICAL CYCLONES Hironori Fudeyasu∗, Satoshi Iizuka, and T. Matsuura National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention 1. Introduction Gay was rather due to a solitary internal gravity wave. In contrast, Inoue et al. (1999) argued that a Fujita (1952) first described the phenomenon of pressure dip observed within Typhoon Zeb was a a pressure dip that is occasionally observed in low-pressure region formed behind the gust front association with typhoons crossing the Japan of a gravity current caused by an intense rain band. Islands or moving along the southern coast of It is apparent that the formation process of Japan (Fujita 1952, 1992; Nakajima et al. 1980; pressure dips is a controversial issue. Fujii 1992; Maeda 1994; Fudeyasu and Tsukamoto 2000). The occurrence of a pressure dip is generally only recognized by analysis of barograph 990 Pressure data. Figure 1 shows the time series data of (hPa) surface wind direction and speed, temperature, 980 dew-point temperature, and pressure recorded at 25 Temperature C) station K (see Fig. 3) during the passage of º ( Dew-point temperature Typhoon Zeb. A pressure dip, consisting of a rapid 20 decrease and subsequent increase in surface pressure for 1500-1530 UTC, is distinct from the N gradual decrease in surface pressure recorded W S during the passage of typhoon center. The E previous studies show that pressure dips are direction Wind meso-β-scale phenomena with a band-like structure and typical dimensions of 150 km by 50 20 km. The maximum observed amplitude of pressure dips is 7-9 hPa, and the duration recorded at a 10 single station is always less than one hour. Pressure dips are accompanied by severe (m/s) Wind speed convection, causing sometimes the severe 011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 damages at various locations over the Japan Time (UTC) Islands. It was reported that, for example, there was extensive damage resulting from Fig. 1. Record of surface pressure, temperature, instantaneous wind speed of 54.3 m s-1 within a dew-point temperature, and wind speed and direction as pressure dip associated with Typhoon Mireille observed at station K from 1100–1800 UTC on 17 (Maeda 1994; Fujita 1992). They appeared on the October 1998. See Fig. 3 for location of station K. left side of the typhoon center, although strong winds associated with typhoons are generally In this study, we first examine the process of observed on the right side of typhoon center. pressure dip formation using a high-resolution The formation process of pressure dips numerical model. We focus on the pressure dips remains poorly understood. Matsumoto and associated with Typhoon Zeb, because the track is Okamura (1985) used Doppler radar data and most suitable for investigating the structure and surface observations to study a pressure dip occurrence of pressure dips by using available observed over Japan during the passage of comprehensive observational data. The model Typhoon Gay, and concluded that the pressure dip successfully reproduces the major features of the was due to the passage of an internal gravity wave pressure dip with Zeb. We then attempt to clarify excited via decay of the typhoon. Tsujimura (1993) the formation process of pressure dips. concluded that the pressure dip associated with 2. Data and Model ∗Corresponding author address: Hironori Fudeyasu, National 2.1 Data Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention , Tennodai 3-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 306-0006, Japan; E-mail: Tracks of typhoons were obtained from the [email protected] best-track archives of the Regional Specialized 1 Meteorological Centers (RSMC) Tokyo–Typhoon the simulation using a horizontal resolution of 3 km, Center. The dataset consists of the names, but the results are essentially similar to those with positions, maximum surface pressure, and a horizontal resolution of 5 km. maximum wind speeds of typhoons, generally The simple ice scheme (Dudhia 1989) is used recorded at 6-hour intervals. Estimates of the as cloud microphysics. In this scheme, cloud water hourly positions of typhoon centers were and rainwater below 0 ºC are treated as cloud ice determined by linear interpolation of the 6-hour and snow respectively. The convective scheme of data. Grell (1993) is used as a cumulus parameterization An hourly rainfall patterns are estimated from except D2. The model also includes the planetary the Radar–Automated Meteorological Data boundary layer (Hong and Pan 1996), a five-layer Acquisition System (AMeDAS) data provided by soil model, and a cloud-radiation interaction the JMA. The Radar–AMeDAS data is an hourly scheme (Dudhia 1989, 1993; Grell et al. 1995). averaged rainfall analysis created from a The initial and lateral boundary conditions of D1 composite of observations from operational for the simulation of Typhoon Zeb are derived from precipitation radars and the AMeDAS data the Global Asian Meteorological Experiment (Obayashi, 1991). The Radar-AMeDAS data (GAME) reanalysis dataset produced by the during the period April 1988 to March 2001 has a Meteorological Research Institute–JMA horizontal resolution of 5 km. (http://gain-hub.mri-jma.go.jp/GAME_reanal.html). Details of the large-scale atmospheric The dataset includes the 3-dimensional analyzed conditions around the typhoons with pressure dips atmospheric fields over the Asian and Pacific were reconstructed from reanalysis data, sourced regions (30ºE–180º, 80ºN–30ºS), covering the from the National Centers for Environmental period from April to October 1998. The data have a Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric horizontal resolution of 0.5° for both longitude and Research (NCEP–NCAR), with 6-hour intervals latitude, with 17 vertical levels and a 6-hour time covering the period 1980 to 1998 and a horizontal interval. Sea surface temperature is represented resolution of 2.5° (Kalnay et al. 1996). Infrared by the skin temperature of the NCEP–NCAR satellite images from the Japanese Geostationary reanalysis dataset (Kalnay et al. 1996). Meteorological Satellite (GMS) spanning the period 1980-1998 are also used. 2.2 Model 984hPa A numerical simulation was performed using 983hPa the Mesoscale Model 5 (MM5) ver. 3.5 jointly 978hPa developed by Pennsylvania State University and 976hPa the NCAR. MM5 is a non-hydrostatic model 978hPa 980hPa0 980hPa developed as a community mesoscale model 980hPa (Dudhia 1993; Grell et al. 1995). The model Latitude 981hPa incorporates multiple nested grids and includes both explicit moist physical processes and cumulus parameterization schemes. This model solves the nonlinear, primitive equations using Cartesian coordinates in the horizontal and terrain-following sigma coordinates in the vertical. Longitude Pressures at sigma levels are determined from a reference state that is estimated using the Fig. 2. Model domains of the numerical simulations and hydrostatic equation from the given sea level terrain. The regions higher than 400 m is shaded. Track pressure and temperature of standard lapse rate. (line) and 3-hourly locations (closed circles) of simulated In this study, the model contains 30 sigma typhoon derived from the domain 2 simulation during the levels of fine resolution near the surface, while the period 0000 UTC on 17 to 0000 UTC on 18 October top of the model is at 50 hPa. The simulation was 1998. conducted using two domains as shown in Fig. 2. The outer domain (D1) has 271 × 271 grid points, The simulation of D1 was performed for 42 centered at 33ºN, 133ºE, with a horizontal hours, starting at 1800 UTC on 16 October 1998, resolution of 15 km. The inner domain (D2) has after the model was integrated for 18 hours during 460 × 460 points with a horizontal resolution of 5 an initial spin up from 0000 UTC on 16 October. km. D1 is designed to produce the initial and During the initial spin-up, the continuous dynamical boundary conditions for D2, while D2 is designed assimilation where forcing function are added to to resolve explicitly the fine structures of typhoons the governing model equations to gradually and associated pressure dips. We also conducted 2 “nudge” the model state toward the reanalysis data increase in surface pressure was recorded at for only wind components (Grell et al. 1995). The several meteorological stations. Figure 4 shows relaxation boundary conditions are adopted as the time series data of surface pressure recorded by lateral boundary conditions (Anthes et al. 1987), in barographs at the meteorological stations. In which the model-predicted values are relaxed to addition to a gradual change in surface pressure those estimated from large-scale analysis data. related to the passage of Zeb, a sudden 3-8 hPa The D2 simulation began at 0000 UTC on 17 drop in surface pressure is discernable. The October 1998, and was performed for 36 hours pressure dips appear a few hours after the using the initial and boundary conditions passage of the typhoon center for all stations interpolated from the results of the D1 simulation. except J, where a pressure dip was recorded prior At the start of the D2 simulation, the center of to the arrival of the typhoon center. It should be Typhoon Zeb was located to the southwest of noted that the pressure dip exists only to the Kyushu (Fig. 2). northwest of Zeb as it tracked to the northeast (Fig. 3). There is no signal of a pressure dip at stations I and L located to the southeast of the typhoon. A 3. Pressure dip associated with Typhoon pressure dip was also not observed on the Zeb northern part of Kyushu and Chugoku distinct 3.1 Features of observed pressure dip during the period from 0800 to 1200 UTC, indicating the extent of the pressure dip axis that is Typhoon Zeb was upgraded to a tropical storm defined by isopleths of the minimum pressure (maximum 1 minute sustained wind speed in within the pressure dip.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Typhoon Neoguri Disaster Risk Reduction Situation Report1 DRR Sitrep 2014‐001 ‐ Updated July 8, 2014, 10:00 CET
    Typhoon Neoguri Disaster Risk Reduction Situation Report1 DRR sitrep 2014‐001 ‐ updated July 8, 2014, 10:00 CET Summary Report Ongoing typhoon situation The storm had lost strength early Tuesday July 8, going from the equivalent of a Category 5 hurricane to a Category 3 on the Saffir‐Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale, which means devastating damage is expected to occur, with major damage to well‐built framed homes, snapped or uprooted trees and power outages. It is approaching Okinawa, Japan, and is moving northwest towards South Korea and the Philippines, bringing strong winds, flooding rainfall and inundating storm surge. Typhoon Neoguri is a once‐in‐a‐decade storm and Japanese authorities have extended their highest storm alert to Okinawa's main island. The Global Assessment Report (GAR) 2013 ranked Japan as first among countries in the world for both annual and maximum potential losses due to cyclones. It is calculated that Japan loses on average up to $45.9 Billion due to cyclonic winds every year and that it can lose a probable maximum loss of $547 Billion.2 What are the most devastating cyclones to hit Okinawa in recent memory? There have been 12 damaging cyclones to hit Okinawa since 1945. Sustaining winds of 81.6 knots (151 kph), Typhoon “Winnie” caused damages of $5.8 million in August 1997. Typhoon "Bart", which hit Okinawa in October 1999 caused damages of $5.7 million. It sustained winds of 126 knots (233 kph). The most damaging cyclone to hit Japan was Super Typhoon Nida (reaching a peak intensity of 260 kph), which struck Japan in 2004 killing 287 affecting 329,556 people injuring 1,483, and causing damages amounting to $15 Billion.
    [Show full text]
  • Ocean Currents and the Pacific Garbage Patch
    ocean currents and the Pacific Garbage Patch photo: Scripps Institution of Oceanography The image above shows a net tow sample from the Pacific Garbage Patch. The sample contains small fish and many small pieces of plastic. The Garbage Patch is primarily composed of this small plastic “confetti” suspended throughout the surface water of the North Pacific Gyre, and is not a island of trash as suggested by some media outlets. The region where the trash converges in the center of the North Pacific Gyre, in a region where surface currents are weak and convergent, thus concentrating large amounts of trash in an area estimated to be close to the size of Texas. With this slide I often show a video clip about the Garbage Patch. Although the links may change, here is one from ABC that I’ve used several times: www.youtube.com/watch?v=OFMW8srq0Qk this video is a bit over the top but it gets the point across. There is additional information from Scripps Institution of Oceanography SEAPLEX experiment: http://sio.ucsd.edu/Expeditions/Seaplex/ and several videos on youtube.com by searching the phrase “SEAPLEX” Pacific garbage patch tiny plastic bits • the worlds largest dump? • filled with tiny plastic “confetti” large plastic debris from the garbage patch photo: Scripps Institution of Oceanography little jellyfish photo: Scripps Institution of Oceanography These are some of the things you find in the Garbage Patch. The large pieces of plastic, such as bottles, breakdown into tiny particles. Sometimes animals get caught in large pieces of floating trash: photo: NOAA photo: NOAA photo: Scripps Institution of Oceanography How do plants and animals interact with small small pieces of plastic? fish larvae growing on plastic Trash in the ocean can cause various problems for the organisms that live there.
    [Show full text]
  • Atmospheric Sampling of Supertyphoon Mireille with NASA DC-8 Aircraft on September 27,1991, During PEM-West A
    UC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works Title Atmospheric sampling of Supertyphoon Mireille with NASA DC-8 aircraft on September 27,1991, during PEM-West A Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3c03j813 Journal Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 101(D1) ISSN 2169-897X Authors Newell, RE Hu, W Wu, ZX et al. Publication Date 1996 DOI 10.1029/95JD01374 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 101,NO. D1, PAGES 1853-1871,JANUARY 20, 1996 Atmospheric sampling of SupertyphoonMireille with NASA DC-8 aircraft on September 27, 1991, during PEM-West A R. E. Newell,1 W. Hu,1 Z-X. Wu,1 Y. Zhu,1 H. Akimoto,2 B. E. Anderson,3 E. V. Browell,3 G. L. Gregory,3 G. W. Sachse,3 M. C. Shipham,3 A. S.Bachmeier, 4 A.R. Bandy, 5 D.C. Thornton,5 D. R. BlakefiF. S.Rowland, 6 J.D. Bradshaw,7 J. H. Crawford,7 D. D. Davis,7 S. T. Sandholm,7 W. Brockett,8 L. DeGreef,8 D. Lewis,8 D. McCormick,8 E. Monitz,8 J. E. CollinsJr., 9 B. G. Heikes,1ø J. T. Merrill,1ø K. K. Kelly,11 S.C. Liu,• 1 y. Kondo,12 M. Koike,12 C.-M. Liu, 13 F. Sakamaki,TM H. B. Singh,15 J. E. Dibb,16 and R. W. Talbot 16 Abstract. The DC-8 missionof September27, 1991,was designed to sampleair flowing intoTyphoon Mireille in theboundary layer, air in the uppertropospheric eye region, and air emergingfrom the typhoon and ahead of the system,also in the uppertroposphere.
    [Show full text]
  • NWS Unified Surface Analysis Manual
    Unified Surface Analysis Manual Weather Prediction Center Ocean Prediction Center National Hurricane Center Honolulu Forecast Office November 21, 2013 Table of Contents Chapter 1: Surface Analysis – Its History at the Analysis Centers…………….3 Chapter 2: Datasets available for creation of the Unified Analysis………...…..5 Chapter 3: The Unified Surface Analysis and related features.……….……….19 Chapter 4: Creation/Merging of the Unified Surface Analysis………….……..24 Chapter 5: Bibliography………………………………………………….…….30 Appendix A: Unified Graphics Legend showing Ocean Center symbols.….…33 2 Chapter 1: Surface Analysis – Its History at the Analysis Centers 1. INTRODUCTION Since 1942, surface analyses produced by several different offices within the U.S. Weather Bureau (USWB) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA’s) National Weather Service (NWS) were generally based on the Norwegian Cyclone Model (Bjerknes 1919) over land, and in recent decades, the Shapiro-Keyser Model over the mid-latitudes of the ocean. The graphic below shows a typical evolution according to both models of cyclone development. Conceptual models of cyclone evolution showing lower-tropospheric (e.g., 850-hPa) geopotential height and fronts (top), and lower-tropospheric potential temperature (bottom). (a) Norwegian cyclone model: (I) incipient frontal cyclone, (II) and (III) narrowing warm sector, (IV) occlusion; (b) Shapiro–Keyser cyclone model: (I) incipient frontal cyclone, (II) frontal fracture, (III) frontal T-bone and bent-back front, (IV) frontal T-bone and warm seclusion. Panel (b) is adapted from Shapiro and Keyser (1990) , their FIG. 10.27 ) to enhance the zonal elongation of the cyclone and fronts and to reflect the continued existence of the frontal T-bone in stage IV.
    [Show full text]
  • Surface Circulation2016
    OCN 201 Surface Circulation Excess heat in equatorial regions requires redistribution toward the poles 1 In the Northern hemisphere, Coriolis force deflects movement to the right In the Southern hemisphere, Coriolis force deflects movement to the left Combination of atmospheric cells and Coriolis force yield the wind belts Wind belts drive ocean circulation 2 Surface circulation is one of the main transporters of “excess” heat from the tropics to northern latitudes Gulf Stream http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/Images/gulf_stream_modis_lrg.gif 3 How fast ( in miles per hour) do you think western boundary currents like the Gulf Stream are? A 1 B 2 C 4 D 8 E More! 4 mph = C Path of ocean currents affects agriculture and habitability of regions ~62 ˚N Mean Jan Faeroe temp 40 ˚F Islands ~61˚N Mean Jan Anchorage temp 13˚F Alaska 4 Average surface water temperature (N hemisphere winter) Surface currents are driven by winds, not thermohaline processes 5 Surface currents are shallow, in the upper few hundred metres of the ocean Clockwise gyres in North Atlantic and North Pacific Anti-clockwise gyres in South Atlantic and South Pacific How long do you think it takes for a trip around the North Pacific gyre? A 6 months B 1 year C 10 years D 20 years E 50 years D= ~ 20 years 6 Maximum in surface water salinity shows the gyres excess evaporation over precipitation results in higher surface water salinity Gyres are underneath, and driven by, the bands of Trade Winds and Westerlies 7 Which wind belt is Hawaii in? A Westerlies B Trade
    [Show full text]
  • Waves in the Westerlies
    Operational Weather Analysis … www.wxonline.info Chapter 9 Waves in the Westerlies Operational meteorologists track middle latitude disturbances in the middle to upper troposphere as part of their analysis of the atmosphere. This chapter describes these waves and highlights the importance of these waves to day-to-day weather changes at the Earth’s surface. The Westerlies Atmospheric flow above the Earth’s surface in the middle latitudes is primarily westerly. That is, the winds have a prevailing westerly component with numerous north and south meanders that impose wave-like undulations upon the basic west- to-east flow. This flow extends from the subtropical high pressure belt poleward to around 65 degrees latitude. A glance at any upper level chart from 700 mb upward to 200 mb shows that the westerlies dominate in the middle and upper troposphere. The term westerlies will refer to this layer unless otherwise specified. Upper Level Charts The westerlies are easily identified on charts of constant pressure in the middle to upper troposphere. That is, charts are prepared from upper level data at specified pressure levels (called standard levels). Traditionally, lines are drawn on these charts to represent the height of the pressure surface above mean sea level, temperature, and, on some charts, wind speed. With modern computer workstations, any observed or derived parameter may be drawn on an upper level chart. Standard levels include charts for 925, 850, 700, 500, 300, 250, 200, 150 and 100 mb. For our discussion of the westerlies, only levels from 700 mb upward to 200 mb will be considered.
    [Show full text]
  • P4.6 Observations from the 13 April 2004 Wake Low Damaging Wind Event in South Florida
    P4.6 OBSERVATIONS FROM THE 13 APRIL 2004 WAKE LOW DAMAGING WIND EVENT IN SOUTH FLORIDA Robert R. Handel and Pablo Santos NOAA/NWS, Miami, Florida 1. INTRODUCTION of April 12th persisted across the Florida Straits. This boundary exhibited pseudo-warm frontal characteristics, Damaging winds affected portions of South Florida and was lifting northward over South Florida (white during the early morning of April 13, 2004. These winds dashed line in Fig. 1). To the north of the boundary, a occurred behind a large area of stratiform precipitation cool and stable surface layer was present over land. associated with a mesoscale convective system (MCS) A high amplitude longwave mid/upper tropospheric that moved across the southeastern Gulf of Mexico trough was located over the eastern United States. The during the evening of April 12, 2004 (Fig. 1). Wind axis of this trough extended from the Great Lakes speeds sustained between 30 and 50 mph with gusts southward to the central Gulf of Mexico while South reaching 76 mph were recorded on Lake Okeechobee. Florida was upstream of the ridge axis located near These winds produced a seiche effect on Lake 65°W longitude. In addition, a 130-knot (67 m s-1) polar Okeechobee, resulting in a 5.5 ft maximum water level jet and 60-knot (31 m s-1) subtropical jet were splitting differential between the north and south sides of this over the Gulf of Mexico and South Florida producing shallow lake (Fig. 8). In addition, damage from the high significant upper level diffluence over South Florida.
    [Show full text]
  • Sigma 1/2008
    sigma No 1/2008 Natural catastrophes and man-made disasters in 2007: high losses in Europe 3 Summary 5 Overview of catastrophes in 2007 9 Increasing flood losses 16 Indices for the transfer of insurance risks 20 Tables for reporting year 2007 40 Tables on the major losses 1970–2007 42 Terms and selection criteria Published by: Swiss Reinsurance Company Economic Research & Consulting P.O. Box 8022 Zurich Switzerland Telephone +41 43 285 2551 Fax +41 43 285 4749 E-mail: [email protected] New York Office: 55 East 52nd Street 40th Floor New York, NY 10055 Telephone +1 212 317 5135 Fax +1 212 317 5455 The editorial deadline for this study was 22 January 2008. Hong Kong Office: 18 Harbour Road, Wanchai sigma is available in German (original lan- Central Plaza, 61st Floor guage), English, French, Italian, Spanish, Hong Kong, SAR Chinese and Japanese. Telephone +852 2582 5691 sigma is available on Swiss Re’s website: Fax +852 2511 6603 www.swissre.com/sigma Authors: The internet version may contain slightly Rudolf Enz updated information. Telephone +41 43 285 2239 Translations: Kurt Karl (Chapter on indices) CLS Communication Telephone +41 212 317 5564 Graphic design and production: Jens Mehlhorn (Chapter on floods) Swiss Re Logistics/Media Production Telephone +41 43 285 4304 © 2008 Susanna Schwarz Swiss Reinsurance Company Telephone +41 43 285 5406 All rights reserved. sigma co-editor: The entire content of this sigma edition is Brian Rogers subject to copyright with all rights reserved. Telephone +41 43 285 2733 The information may be used for private or internal purposes, provided that any Managing editor: copyright or other proprietary notices are Thomas Hess, Head of Economic Research not removed.
    [Show full text]
  • Contrasting Recent Trends in Southern Hemisphere Westerlies Across
    RESEARCH LETTER Contrasting Recent Trends in Southern Hemisphere 10.1029/2020GL088890 Westerlies Across Different Ocean Basins Key Points: Darryn W. Waugh1,2 , Antara Banerjee3,4, John C. Fyfe5, and Lorenzo M. Polvani6 • There are substantial zonal variations in past trends in the 1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA, 2School of Mathematics magnitude and latitude of the peak 3 Southern Hemisphere zonal winds and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, Cooperative Institute for Research in • Only over the Atlantic and Indian Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA, 4Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceans have peak winds shifted Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA, 5Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, poleward, with an equatorward (yet Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, 6Department of Applied Physics and insignificant) shift over the Pacific • Climate model simulations indicate Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA that the differential movement of the westerlies is due to internal atmospheric variability Abstract Many studies have documented the trends in the latitudinal position and strength of the midlatitude westerlies in the Southern Hemisphere. However, very little attention has been paid to the Supporting Information: longitudinal variations of these trends. Here, we specifically focus on the zonal asymmetries in the southern • Supporting Information S1 hemisphere wind trends between 1980 and 2018. Meteorological reanalyses show a large strengthening and a statistically insignificant equatorward shift of peak near‐surface winds over the Pacific, in contrast to a fi Correspondence to: weaker strengthening and signi cant poleward shift over the Atlantic and Indian Ocean sectors.
    [Show full text]
  • Buchholz of Liability
    Armed robbery at Lower Base DOLi clears O'Roarty, By Zaldy Dandan Variety News Staff TWO MEN sleeping in a car parked at the Lower Base beach side area were robbed and as­ Buchholz of liability saulted early Sunday moming by four uniden.tified baseball bat­ wielding men, according to De­ By Ferdie de la Torre Zachares said investigation 0 'Roarty on several occasions partment of Public Safety spokes­ Variety News Staff showed that the housemaid did without an approved contract from person Rose T. Ada. THE DEPARTMENT of Labor have the authority to seek an em­ DOLL Ada said the victims Nelson P. and Immigration has cleared gov­ ployer. "It's a relatively minor viola­ Javier, 43, and Rolando D. ernment lawyers Ross Buchholz However, Zachares explained, tion with a fine (at a maximum of Pestano, 33, lost $200 in cash, a andWilliamO'Roartyfromcrimi­ it appears that the housemaid was $500) involved. I am happy that diver's watch and a gold wedding nal liability in connection with working for Buchholz and Continued on page 23 ring to the robbers. DOLI's investigation of them for "They were sleeping in the car illegally hiring an alien worker waiting fortheirfriends, who were for domestic helper. PSS to impose hiring freeze fishing, when four men came to DOU Secretary Mark D. By Louie C. Alonso their car and woke them up," Ada Zachares yesterday said that based Variety News Staff said, citing the victims' account. on the department's findings there DUE TO· the limited budget it received for fiscal year 1999, the Public School System has now implemented a freeze-hiring policy in The men asked Javier and will beno criminal case to be filed Pestano for cigarettes and money, against Buchholz and O'Roarty.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 3 Mesoscale Processes and Severe Convective Weather
    CHAPTER 3 JOHNSON AND MAPES Chapter 3 Mesoscale Processes and Severe Convective Weather RICHARD H. JOHNSON Department of Atmospheric Science. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado BRIAN E. MAPES CIRESICDC, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado REVIEW PANEL: David B. Parsons (Chair), K. Emanuel, J. M. Fritsch, M. Weisman, D.-L. Zhang 3.1. Introduction tion, mesoscale phenomena occur on horizontal scales between ten and several hundred kilometers. This Severe convective weather events-tornadoes, hail­ range generally encompasses motions for which both storms, high winds, flash floods-are inherently mesoscale ageostrophic advections and Coriolis effects are im­ phenomena. While the large-scale flow establishes envi­ portant (Emanuel 1986). In general, we apply such a ronmental conditions favorable for severe weather, pro­ definition here; however, strict application is difficult cesses on the mesoscale initiate such storms, affect their since so many mesoscale phenomena are "multiscale." evolution, and influence their environment. A rich variety For example, a -100-km-Iong gust front can be less of mesocale processes are involved in severe weather, than -1 km across. The triggering of a storm by the ranging from environmental preconditioning to storm initi­ collision of gust fronts can actually occur on a ation to feedback of convection on the environment. In the -lOO-m scale (the microscale). Nevertheless, we will space available, it is not possible to treat all of these treat this overall process (and others similar to it) as processes in detail. Rather, we will introduce s~veral mesoscale since gust fronts are generally regarded as general classifications of mesoscale processes relatmg to mesoscale phenomena.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Jp2.2 a Case Study of a Wake Low in Northern Illinois And
    JP2.2 A CASE STUDY OF A WAKE LOW IN NORTHERN ILLINOIS AND THE WRF PREDICTION OF THE WAKE LOW William Wilson * National Weather Service, Chicago, Illinois Erik Janzon Northern Illinois University We ran four test runs. At 06 UTC A wake low occurred in northern Illinois initialization time one run was using an and southern Wisconsin, during the 11.7 km grid spacing and the other run morning of May 30, 2008. The surface using a 3.4 km grid spacing. At 12 UTC wind was 45 to 55 mph (22 to 28 m/s) initialization, one run was using a 11.7 with gusts to 65 mph (33 m/s). The wind km grid spacing and the other run was was not forecasted or expected. using a 3.4 km grid spacing. The time Forecasters had to quickly issue wind period of the WRF model runs were a 15 warnings as the strong wind was hour run with initialization at 06 UTC occurring. We hope to find ways to and a 12 hour model run with predict wake lows of this strength so to initialization at 12 UTC. We wanted to give forecasters some lead time or investigate the initialization effects on anticipation of wake low development. the wake low production, and the effect The Weather Research and Forecasting of grid spacing. The 3.4 km grid spacing (WRF), Advanced Research WRF model run was without the Kain and (ARW) model is used as a local Fritch convective scheme (Kain and operational model at the National Fritsch, 1990).
    [Show full text]