ICES Identification Leaflets for Plankton
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ICES Identification Leaflets for Plankton Fiches d'Identification du Plancton LEAFLET NO. 186 Crustacea Decapoda: Larvae 11. Dendrobranchiata ( Aristeidae, Benthesicymidae, Penaeidae, Solenoceridae, Sicyonidae, Sergestidae, and Luciferidae) by A. dos SANTOS' and J. A. LINDLEY 'Instituto de Investigaqiio das Pescas do Mar Avenida de Brasilia 1400 Lisbon, Portugal 2Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science The Laboratory, Citadel Hill Plymouth PLl 2PB, England, UK Editor J. A. LINDLEY Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science The Laboratory, Citadel Hill Plymouth PLl 2PB, England, UK INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE EXPLORATION OF THE SEA CONSEIL INTERNATIONAL POUR L'EXPLORATION DE LA MER Palaegade 2-4, DK-1261 Copenhagen K, Denmark https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.5166 200 1 ISSN 1019-1097 b ’, a I/ C d e f Figure 1. a. Aristeus antennatus, Protozoea 11. Scale: 0.5 mm. b. Gennadas eleguns, Last zoea. Scale: 1 .0 mm. c. Parupenaeus longirostris, protozoea 111. Scale: 0.5 mm. d. Purapenaeus longirostris, zoea 1. Scale: 1.0 mm. e. Solenocera nzembrancrceu, protozoea 111. Scale: 1 .0 mm. f. Sergestes sargassi, zoea I. Scale: 0.5 mm. K se P Figure 2. a. S. ailanticus protozoea I dorsal. b. S. vigilax protozoea I carapace dorsal. c. S. arciicus protozoea 1 telson fork dorsal. d. S. curvatus protozoea I carapace dorsal. e. “S. robusius C” (S. japonica?) protozoea 1 carapace dorsal. f. S. ailanticus protozoea I1 dorsal. g. S. henseni protozoea 111 carapace lateral. h. S. arciicus protozoea I1 carapace lateral. i. S. vigilax protozoea 111. j. S. robusia protozoea I1 carapace dorsal. k. “S. robusius C” (S. japonica?) protozoea 111 carapace dorsal. 1. S. ailanticus, zoea I, dorsal. m. S. henseni zoea 11, abdomen dorsal. n. S. arciicus zoea I1 carapace lateral. 0. S. vigilax zoea I1 dorsal. p. S. robusia zoea I1 dorsal. q. “S. robusta C” (S. japonica?) zoea I1 dorsal. All after Gurney and Lebour (1940) except c after Wasserloos (1908). Decapoda, Dendrobranchiata Protozoea I1 and 111: lateral and posterior processes with Taxonomy and nomenclature follow Perez-Farfante and long lateral spines or long Sergestes Kensley (1997). Keys to family level are modified from spines at their bases (Fig. 2f-i) Dall et al. (1990). 4. Rostrum very short, length of antennule (Al) 2 x that of (A2) antenna Sicyonia Larval stages Rostrum at least reaching the Numbers of larval stages in NE Atlantic Dendro- ocular peduncle, antennule branchiates length <2 x antenna length 5 5. Carapace with two pairs of Family Nauplius Protozoea Zoea Post-larva supraorbital spines 6 (Mysis) (Megalopa) Carapace with or without one pair of supraorbital spines 7 Aristeidae ? 3 ? ? Benthesicymidae ? 3 4+ ? 6. Supraorbital spines small; Penaeidae 3-8 3 (2-)3-5 1-6 telson with 7 + 7 terminal spines Peneopsis Sicyonidae 8 3 4 Many? Solenoceridae ? 3 4+ I? Supraorbital spines prominent; Parapenaeus Sergestidae 2+ 3 2 Many telson with 8 + 8 terminal spines (Fig. lc) Luciferidae 2+ 3 2 Many 7. Posterior end of supraorbital Melicertus and spines bifurcate Marsupenaeus When present, supraorbital Nauplii spines never bifurcate 8. Telson with deep imagination; The nauplii of the Eucaridea are distinguished from Protozoea I11 with dorsal spines those of other crustacean superorders by the lack of on abdominal segments Gennadas masticatory spines at the base of the antenna or man- dible (Williamson, 1982). The first nauplii are pyriform, Telson with median with two posterior spines in Dendrobranchiates (absent invagination; Protozoea I11 in NI stage of Euphausiacea) and only three pairs of without dorsal spines on limbs. The last stages are metanauplii with buds of maxil- abdominal segments 9 lules, maxillae and maxillipeds present and with distinct 9. Antennule shorter than abdomen. The abdomen extends well beyond the pos- antenna; rostrum slender at terior margin of the carapace and is distinctly bilobed. base Aristeus (Fig. la) In contrast, the abdomen of euphausiid metanauplii has Antenna shorter than no more than a slight median indentation and barely antennule; rostrum enlarged at extends beyond the posterior margin of the carapace. base Aristaeomorpha Zoea (Mysis or Acanthosoma) Key to genera 1. Carapace with many spines or Protozoea (Elaphocaris) processes 2 1. Carapace with spines or Carapace smooth 3 processes 2 2. Carapace margin serrate, spines Carapace smooth 4 robust Solenocera 2. Carapace margin serrate, spines Solenocera Carapace margin smooth, Sergestes and robust (Fig. le) spines long and slender Sergia Carapace posterior margin with (Figs lf, 21-q) 3 small spines Lucifer 3. Dorsomedian spines absent on Carapace margin smooth, abdominal somites 1-5 4 spines long and slender 3 Dorsomedian spines present, at 3. Protozoea I1 and 111: lateral least on abdominal somite 5 7 and posterior processes without 4. Rostrum short, not reaching long spines Sergia (Fig. 2j-k) the ocular peduncles 5 4 Rostrum longer than ocular (Vereshchaka, 1994) and globally (Perez-Farfante and peduncles 6 Kensley, 1997) indicate that Sergia japonica is the only 5. Abdominal somites with ventral species of the genus with undescribed larvae with distri- spines Lucifer butions consistent with the occurrences of the larvae. Abdominal somites without Also, the larvae described by Gurney and Lebour as ventral spines Sicyonia “Sergestes cornicuhm Form A” are probably Sergestes 6. Carapace with pterogostomian curvatus. The larvae have been recorded off the Portuguese coast (A. dos Santos, unpublished). Crosnier spine Aristeus and Forest ( 1973) showed that “Sergestes corniculum Carapace without Form B” of Gurney and Lebour are larvae of S. henseni. pterogostomian spine Aristaeomorpha 7. Four or five ventral-median spines on abdominal somite 6 Funchalia Key to species Ventral margin of abdominal segment 6 without spines 8 Protozoea I (eyes sessile, no rostrum, abdomen 8. Dorsomedian spine on unsegmented). abdominal somite 2 9 1. Anterior carapace processes Without dorsomedian spine on with 4 branches 2 abdominal somite 2 10 Anterior carapace spines with Dorsomedian spine on 3 branches 3 abdominal somite 2 longer than 2. Branches of anterior carapace “S. robustus C” the others Gennadas (Fig. 1b) spines smooth (Sergia japon ica?) Dorsomedian spine on (Fig. 2e) abdominal somite 2 very minute Melicertus Branches of anterior carapace 10 Large dorsomedian spine on Parapenaeus spines denticulate 3 abdominal somite 3 (Fig. Id) 3. Lateral processes with 6 basal Sergestes curvatus Minute dorsomedian spine in spines (Fig. 2d) Z1 only Marsupenaeus Lateral processes with 3 basal Without dorsomedian spine on spines Sergestes henseni abdominal somite 3 Penaeopsis 4. Median branch only of anterior Sergestes vigilax carapace process with denticles (Fig 2b) All branches of anterior Post-larva (mastigopus or megalopa) - Key to families carapace process with denticles 5 5. Telson forks length > 3 x width Sergestes 1. Pereopods 1-3 all chelate 2 atlanticus (Fig. 2a) Pereopods 1 or 2 non-chelate, Telson forks length only slightly Sergestes arcticus 4 or 5 rudimentary or absent Sergestoidae greater than width (Fig. 2c). 2. Cervical sulcus present Solenoceridae Cervical sulcus absent Protozoea 11-111 (eyes stalked; PI1 uropods 3. Ventromedian spines on absent; PI11 uropods present) abdominal somites Penaeidae 1. Lateral and posterior carapace No ventromedian spines on Aristeidae and abdominal somites Benthesicymidae processes without lateral spines but with long spines around the base Sergestidae Lateral and posterior carapace Key to described protozoea and zoea stages mainly from processes without long lateral descriptions in Gurney and Lebour (1940). spines, spinules present at base The larvae described by Gurney and Lebour as Supraorbital, lateral and “Sergestes robustus C” are tentatively referred to Sergia posterior carapace processes japonica. The larvae have been recorded off Bermuda with numerous long lateral and New Zealand (Gurney and Lebour, 1940) as well spines 4 as off the Portuguese coast (A. dos Santos, unpub- 2. Lateral lappets of carapace with lished). Known distributions within the North Atlantic >9 spines Sergestes henseni 5 Lateral lappets of carapace with S. curvatus Lateral spines on abdominal < 10 spines (Fig. 2g) segments 1 and 5 the longest, 3. Carapace processes shorter than those on segment 3 about equal carapace, lateral carapace “Sergia robustus to segment, eyestalk >2 x eye “S. robustus C” processes almost parallel with C” (S.japonica?) width, supraorbital spine (Sergia japonica?) body (Fig. 2k) shorter than eyestalk (Fig. 2q) Lateral spines on abdominal Carapace processes longer than segments with long spinules at carapace, lateral carapace base, eye asymmetrical, eyestalk processes clearly diverging from approximately equals width of the body S. robusta (Fig. 2j) eye, supraorbital spines longer Sergestes sargassi 4. Spines on carapace processes Sergestes arcticus than eyestalk (Fig. le) multifid at tip (“brush-ended”) (Fig. 2h) Lateral spines on abdominal Spines on carapace processes segments decrease in length smooth at tip 5 from segment 1 to segment 5 5 5. Spines arising from swollen 5. Eye & symmetrical, eyestalk base of posterior carapace Sergestes atlanticus length about 3 x width of eye, process, none from distal part (Fig. 2f) supraorbital spine shorter than Sergestes arcticus eyestalk (Fig. 2n) No swollen base to posterior carapace process, spines on Sergestes vigilax Eye asymmetrical, eyestalk distal part (Fig. 2i) about 1.5 x width of eye, supraorbital spine about equal Sergestes atlanticus to eyestalk length (Fig. 21) Zoea 1. Carapace without posterior dorsal spine, eye asymmetrical, References to descriptions and figures supraorbital spine longer than Superfamily Penaeoidea eyestalk, lateral spines on Family Benthesicymidae abdominal segments Gennadas Bate approximately equal with long Gennadas larvae: Gurney (1924) Fig. 1 (protozoea I); spinules 2 Fig. 2 (protozoea 1-111, zoea I-IV); Fig. 3 (protozoea Carapace with posterior dorsal 111); Fig. 4 (zoea 11) (as Gennadas sp.). Subrahmanyam spine 3 and Gunter (1970) Fig. 1 (protozoea 111) (as Gennadas 2. Eyestalk about 2 x width of eye Sergestes curvatus sp.). Criales and McGowan (1993) Fig. 2 (zoea 1); Fig. 3 (zoea 11); Fig.