Historic Preservation Commission

Design Guidelines

Adopted by the Statesville City Council on February 20, 2012 Published by the City of Statesville, Statesville, North Carolina

A publication of the City of Statesville Department of Planning and Zoning:

Credits and Acknowledgements In 2009 the Commission took it upon themselves to update the design guidelines use for the Local Historic Districts. There were areas in the document that were unclear and did not give adequate guidance. The local historic district designs guidelines was created as a result hard work over an 18 month period. The existing guidelines were reviewed, analyzed and rewritten to reflect the needs of Statesville’s local historic district residents and property owners. Colored photos, diagrams and drawings were added to the document to serve as a resource for owners/residents of historic properties in their efforts to maintain and preserve their historic structures.

Statesville Historic Preservation Commission (2009-2012) Jonathan Dearman, Chair Barry Whitesides, Vice Chair 2012 Richard Boyd, Vice Chair 2009-2011 Janice Burns Steve DiFiore Jan Ghrairi Elliott Harwell Jeremy Kauffman Todd Lange Keith Pace

City Staff: Alison Adams, Planner II: Historic Preservation

Drawings and Illustrations: The Old House Journal

Photography: All photography completed by Alison Adams: August 26, 2009; unless otherwise noted.

Adopted by the Statesville City Council on February 20, 2012 Published by the City of Statesville, Statesville, North Carolina

© 2012 Statesville Historic Preservation Commission This document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form in whole or in part with prior written permission of the Statesville Historic Preservation Commission. However, prior written permission is not required for reproduction in whole or in part for use in matters related to the Statesville Historic Preservation Commission.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction Pages Number A. Purpose 2 B. Description of Statesville’s Historic Districts 2 C. The Official Map 2 D. Historical Survey 2 E. Local Historic Districts 3 F. Property Classification 4 G. The Statesville Historic Preservation Commission 5 H. Description of the Design Review Process 5 I. Enforcement 6 J. Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation 7

Chapter 2: District Settings & Site Features A. General Guidelines for the Existing Site & Structure 9 B. Archaeology 10 C. Trees, Landscaping & Site Features 11 D. Driveways, Walkways, & Parking Areas 13 E. Streets, Sidewalks & Public Right of Way 15 F. Garages & Accessory Buildings & Structures 16 G. Exterior Lighting 18 H. Signage 19 I. Fences & Walls 20 J. Art 22

Chapter 3: Changes to Building Exteriors A. General Guidelines for the Existing Structure 25 B. Wood 26 C. Masonry & Stone: Foundations & Chimneys 28 D. Architectural Metals 30 E. Paint & Exterior Color 31 F. Roof 32 G. Exterior Walls & Trim 34 H. Windows & Doors 36 I. Porches, Entrances & Balconies 39 J. Utilities & Energy Retrofit 41 K. Accessibility & Life Safety Considerations 43 L. Non-contributing Structures 45

Chapter 4: New Construction & Additions A. Decks & Patios 47 B. Additions to Historic Buildings 48 C. New Construction 49

Chapter 5: Relocation, Demolition & Securing Buildings A. Relocation of Buildings 53 B. Demolition of Buildings 55 C. Securing Building Exteriors 57

Chapter 6: Commercial, Institutional & Religious Facilities A. Commercial Storefront 60 B. Building Facade Treatment 61 C. Architectural Details & Ornamentation 62

Appendix A. Resources for Technical Information 64 B. References 65 C. Architectural Terms 66 D. Parts of a House 73 E. Suggested Plant Materials 74 F. Map of the Historic Districts 77 G. New Construction Materials Guide 82 H. Appropriate Paint Palettes (suggestions only) 83 I. Application Requirements for Quick Reference 90

Chapter 1: Introduction

A. Purpose 2

B. Description of Statesville’s Historic Districts______2

C. The Official Map 2

D. Historical Survey 2

E. Local Historic Districts 3

F. Property Classifications 4

G. The Statesville Historic Preservation Commission______5

H. Description of the Design Review Process 5

I. Enforcement 6

J. Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation _____7

Chapter 1: Introduction

A. Purpose The primary purpose of these design guidelines is to assist property owners as they plan changes which are appropriate to the special character of Statesville’s historic districts, and to assist the Statesville Historic Preservation Commission and its staff in reviewing the appropriateness of such changes.

B. Description of Statesville’s Historic Districts Statesville established three local historic districts in 1982: Academy Hill District, Mitchell College District, and East Broad Street-Davie Avenue District. In 1995, the South Race Street District became Statesville’s fourth district. All four, are primarily residential in character; and together they include over 400 buildings. A map of the local historic districts is included in Appendix F.

As local historic districts, these neighborhoods were each designated by the Statesville City Council upon recommendation of the Statesville Historic Preservation Commission, and are subject to design review by the Commission. All four of Statesville’s historic districts, are also listed in the National Register of Historic Places, a separate program that recognizes properties of cultural significance. Although not locally designated, Statesville’s commercial downtown district and Mitchell College Expansion District is also listed in the National Register. While National Register listing is primarily an honor, owners of properties in National Register districts may be eligible for tax credits claimed against costs incurred during rehabilitation.

C. The Official Map The official map of the historic district is adopted by the Statesville City Council. The designation is put into place by rezoning the property with an overlay zoning district. Structures within the districts are color-coded on the official map to signify which district the property is located (reference Appendix F for a map of the historic districts).

D. Historical Survey The objective of every survey is to: gather, organize, and present information about historic properties and environments in pictures, words, maps, and drawings in such a way as to enable other people who may never see the places themselves to understand them sufficiently to be able to make decisions about them. These "other people" may include local, state, and federal planners in various agencies, local preservationists and commission members, the interested public, and property owners.

Historical Survey is usually completed by a consultant to obtain national designation classification on properties that have historic character. Staff, as well as, the commission utilizes the surveys to insure they are making sound decisions when applicants are making requests. The four categories used on the historic survey are as follows:

Pivotal: Architecture which is individually significant in design, construction, or history. Contributory: Architecture which by virtue of age or design contributes to the overall historic or aesthetic quality of the district. Fill: Those properties which have neither an especially negative or positive impact on the general characteristics of the district. Intrusive: Buildings or structures which, because of design, construction, location or alterations, do not contribute to the historic quality of the district.

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E. Local Historic Districts

Academy Hill Historic District The Academy Hill District is the smallest of Statesville’s historic districts. It is a mixed-use neighborhood that developed primarily during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Its focal points are Mulberry Street School and the Statesville Male Academy which was constructed in 1874 and served as a private school for more than a quarter of a century. A brick manufacturing plant, foundry, machine shop, and mirror manufacturing plant contributed to the neighborhood’s vitality in the early twentieth century. Historically, the schools, industries, and residential components of the neighborhood were closely intertwined. Generally, the houses are modest buildings often with late Victorian or simple Queen Anne detailing. (Academy Hill Historic District Map is located in Appendix F)

Mitchell College Historic District The largest of Statesville’s historic districts, the Mitchell College District, is located just west of Statesville’s central business district. The neighborhood surrounds Mitchell Community College, originally chartered in 1852, and also includes several historic churches, a historic synagogue, and one of the oldest cemeteries in Iredell County. A number of architecturally significant houses dating from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries reflect the local prosperity and the popular architectural styles of the period. While a diverse range of revival styles and bungalows can be found, the most prevalent styles in the neighborhood are the Queen Anne and Colonial Revival. (Mitchell College Historic District Map is located in Appendix F)

East Broad Street/Davie Ave Historic District The East Broad Street - Davie Avenue District is a linear neighborhood located just east of the commercial downtown. It includes a high number of architecturally significant residences that reflect Statesville’s increased prosperity between 1880 and 1918. Along the tree-lined streets of this well-preserved district, are many fine local interpretations of nationally popular styles of the period including; the Queen Anne, the Craftsman bungalow, and a diverse assortment of revival styles including Colonial Revival, Elizabethan and Tudor Revival. (East Broad Street/Davie Ave Historic District Map is located in Appendix F)

South Race Street Historic District The South Race Street District is a densely developed community of houses, churches, and neighborhood stores associated with the manufacturing and rail corridor which skirts the southern edge of town. The district occupies most of eight city blocks. It consists primarily of both large, two story houses and smaller worker class houses built between 1894 and the 1930s to house the skilled and white collar workers employed in nearby industries. The architecture reflects traditional house forms, including the I-house, double-pile, and cottages with hip or side gable roofs, as well as national styles popular during the period, such as Queen Anne, Colonial Revival and bungaloid. (South Race Street Historic District Map is located in Appendix F)

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F. Property Classifications

Commercial Properties Located in some of the districts are neighborhood businesses, such as the old shell station, the bank building at 300 E. Broad Street and the commercial row on Western Ave. These commercial structures date back to the late 1800’s and early to mid 1900’s. Most of the commercial structures are one-story and do not have the large display windows as you would see in most downtowns; however, these structures play a role in the historic district and need to be considered a viable part of the history of the district.

Institutional Properties The Main Campus of Mitchell Community College is the best representation of an institutional property. The college is located in the Mitchell College Historic District. Many of the structures located on campus were built in the late 1800’s to early 1900’s. Most of the architecture on campus reflects a classical style. There have been several residential structures the college has purchased over the years to use for institutional purposes; however, the college has maintained their residential character.

Religious Properties There are several religious structures located throughout the Historic Districts. Two of the oldest religious structures still standing are in the Mitchell College Historic District: The Friends Meeting House, originally the Trinity Episcopal Church built in 1875 at 441 Walnut Street; and the Congregation Emmanuel Synagogue built in 1891 at 206 Kelly Street. Most of the churches within the historic districts are gothic revival; however, there is evidence of Victorian and Romanesque Revival details.

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Non-Contributing Properties Not all of the properties located in the historic districts were considered “contributing” at the significant date in which the district was labeled to be historic. Those structures are called “non- contributing” as documented on the National Register Survey. Although these properties are not contributing it is important to maintain the overall appearance of the district; therefore these structures are to utilize the non-contributing design guidelines. These guidelines are put into place to protect the character of the overall district.

As time passes it is inevitable that there will be properties that deteriorate. Maintenance is key in the life of a structure; however there have been structures that have not been maintained and therefore no longer exist. Once a structure is demolished, most often a vacant lot will be left to maintain. Eventually houses will be rebuilt in the midst of the historic district. There have been guidelines set forth by the Historic Preservation Commission to ensure that new construction is compatible with the historic district. Contemporary materials are not appropriate, as well as replicas of historic structures that would give a false sense of original building date.

G. The Statesville Historic Preservation Commission The Statesville Historic Preservation Commission (HPC) was established by City Council in 1982. Its mission is to identify, preserve, and protect Statesville’s historic resources and to educate the public about those resources and historic preservation in general. The Historic Preservation Commission consists of nine members, assisted by City staff, who bring with them extensive experience in maintaining the integrity and appearance of historic buildings. Appointed by City Council, the HPC membership includes Statesville residents who have demonstrated special interest, experience, or education in history, architecture, archaeology, or other preservation-related fields. Based upon its established Commission and City staff support, Statesville qualifies for the Certified Local Government (CLG) Program, a federal program administered by the North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office. CLG status benefits the community in a number of ways including eligibility for preservation-related grant opportunities.

H. Description of the Design Review Process Local historic districts are not created to prevent change, but to ensure that future changes to properties are consistent with the character of the historic district. The Historic Preservation Commission does not require property owners to make changes to their properties, and its review is limited to exterior changes. Alterations to the building’s interior, minor repairs and routine maintenance of the building’s exterior; that do not change its appearance and materials are not included in the design review process. The HPC reviews proposed exterior alterations, exterior materials, new construction, significant site changes, relocation, and demolition of historic buildings. The guidelines logically fall into two broad categories: those regarding the site and those regarding the structure(s).

The design review process provides a system for the timely review of proposed exterior changes before work begins. Property owners should contact the HPC staff early in their planning stages to obtain a copy of the design guidelines and an application for a Certificate of Appropriateness (COA). A completed application form will typically include photographs of the existing conditions and drawings of the proposed work. Because proposed changes differ in scale and complexity, the HPC staff can advise property owners as to what information and drawings are required for proposed changes. Completed COA applications are reviewed by the Commission at their monthly meeting and approved applications are issued Certificates of Appropriateness. This certificate is required before a building permit can be issued, 5 | P a g e

and must be posted at the building site while the approved work is executed.

To expedite the review process, some less substantial exterior work items are classified as minor works and are routinely reviewed by the HPC staff, eliminating the need for Commission review unless the staff member feels the proposal warrants it. For more information on which changes are considered Routine Maintenance and Minor Work, refer to the Appendixes or contact the HPC staff person.

The HPC normally meets on the fourth Thursday of each month. To be included on the agenda, an application must be received at least fourteen (14) days before the meeting. Contact the Historic Preservation Commission staff to verify the meeting date, time, and location of monthly Commission meetings.

Reviewable work that is performed without a Certificate of Appropriateness is in violation of city code. The penalty can be the removal of the unapproved alteration, a civil citation, a fine, or other legal action. If the work begins without a Certificate of Appropriateness, all work must stop until a COA is issued.

I. Enforcement There are three circumstances that can lead to the commencement of enforcement procedures against a property owner within a local historic district: 1. Work is done that requires a Certificate of Appropriateness without a certificate being issued. 2. Certificate of Appropriateness is denied by the Commission and the project is carried out in defiance of the denial. 3. Work is approved by the Commission or its staff, and is then carried out in a manner inconsistent with the approval.

When one of these circumstances exists, the following procedure will be followed: Commission staff will notify the City of Statesville’s Code Enforcement Officer and the Code Enforcement officer will send a Warning Letter to the property owner by mail, seeking voluntary compliance with the ordinance. If there is no response from the first letter, then the Code Enforcement Officer will follow up with a second attempt notifying the property owner they have thirty (30) days to come into compliance. After the thirty (30) days and no action has been taken by the property owner a fine of fifty dollars ($50.00) a day will be implemented until the property owner is in compliance.

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J. Secretary of Interior Standards for Rehabilitation The United States Department of the Interior has developed a set of national standards for the rehabilitation of historic properties. These ten (10) national standards describe appropriate preservation treatments in a ranked order: retain, repair, replace. The Statesville Design Guidelines are modeled after the Secretary’s Standards, the current version (1992) of which is listed below. 1. A property shall be used as it was historically or be given a new use that requires minimum change to its distinctive materials, features, spaces, and spatial relationships. 2. The historic character of a property shall be retained and preserved. The removal of distinctive materials or alteration of features, spaces, and spatial relationships that characterize a property shall be avoided. 3. Each property shall be recognized as a physical record of its time, place, and use. Changes that create a false sense of historical development, such as adding conjectural features or elements from other historic properties, shall not be undertaken. 4. Changes to a property that have acquired historic significance in their own right shall be retained and preserved. 5. Distinctive materials, features, finishes, and construction techniques or examples of craftsmanship that characterize a property shall be preserved. 6. Deteriorated historic features shall be repaired rather than replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature shall match the old in design, color, texture, and, where possible, materials. Replacement of missing features shall be substantiated by documentary and physical evidence. 7. Chemical or physical treatments, if appropriate, shall be undertaken using the gentlest means possible. Treatments that cause damage to historic materials shall not be used. 8. Archaeological resources shall be protected and preserved in place. If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures shall be undertaken. 9. New additions, exterior alterations, or related new construction shall not destroy historic materials, features, and spatial relationships that characterize the property. The new work shall be differentiated from the old and shall be compatible with the historic materials, features, size, scale and proportion, and massing to protect the integrity of the property and its environment. 10. New additions and adjacent or related new construction shall be undertaken in such a manner that, if removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of the historic property and its environment would be unimpaired.

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Chapter 2: District Settings & Site Features

A. General Guidelines for the Existing Site & Structure 9

B. Archaeology 10

C. Trees, Landscaping & Site Features 11

D. Driveways, Walkways & Parking Areas 13

E. Streets, Sidewalks & Public Right of Way 15

F. Garages &Accessory Buildings & Structures ______16

G. Exterior Lighting 18

H. Signage 19

I. Fences & Walls 20

J. Art 22

Chapter 2: District Settings & Site Features A. General Guidelines for the Existing Site and Structure: These guidelines are to be applied to every application submitted unless the applicant is proposing new construction.

Guidelines: 1. First priority is to retain, repair, protect and preserve the dimensions, details patterns, texture and finishes to maintain the historic character. If too deteriorated to preserve, then replace only deteriorated portion with same as original material 2. If original material is not feasible, then replace with a material that is compatible in design, dimension, material, pattern, detail, texture, and finish. 3. Last resort, if all of the current material needs to be replaced, introduce new material that is compatible with the original in design, dimension, material, pattern, detail, texture, and finish.

***Note: Historic Preservation Commission approval does not automatically constitute approval from the City of Statesville or the Iredell County Building Codes Department.

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B. Archaeology Archaeological resources include the material evidence of any past human activity found below or partially below the ground. Old wells, cisterns, foundation stones, piers, walkways, soil stratifications, and even buried refuse piles are all examples of archaeological features that can reveal valuable information about the history of a site and the lifestyles of the previous occupants. In a historic district, such archaeological features often provide useful information on the location of earlier additions and outbuildings, previous garden designs, fence lines, and patterns of site use. Unfortunately, the uncover- ing of archaeological resources endangers them, for exposure to the elements typically accelerates their deterioration. Consequently, protecting archaeological resources is best accomplished by leaving them undisturbed in situ.

Guidelines 1. Retain and preserve in situ known archaeological resources that contribute to the overall history of the historic district or site. If cannot be preserved in place, record the archaeological evidence. 2. Protect from damage and topography change when implementing any site work or new construction. 3. Plan, survey, and document the site in advance to determine any potential impact 4. Work with professional archaeologists and use current archaeological methods to investigate.

Major: All Archaeology request Requirements for application: Site Plan Pictures

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C. Trees, Landscaping and Site Features Plantings are continually growing and landscapes are evolving; therefore, it is not possible to “freeze” natural elements in time or size. Efforts should be taken to maintain significant plantings (including mature trees, hedges, foundation plantings, and gardens), because they play a prominent role in defining the site context for districts, buildings and streetscapes. Such maintenance efforts might include routine pruning, fertilizing, and treatment for disease. A listing of recommended plant material is included in Appendix E. The City’s Urban Arborist can also provide technical advice to property owners.

Guidelines 1. Protect existing plantings and site features that contribute to the overall historic character of the district such as hedges, retaining walls, sidewalks, mature trees, foundation plantings, terraces, patios, grassy lawns, ground cover, gardens, trellises, fountains, walkways, and driveways. 2. It is not appropriate to substantially alter the topography of a district site through excavating, grading, or filling. 3. Landscaping must not obscure the main structure on a property from the street. 4. It is not appropriate to disfigure the shape of mature trees through excessive pruning or “topping.” Public utilities are exempt. 5. If plantings are removed, then select replacement plantings that, when mature, will create a similar appearance and scale to the original plantings. It is not appropriate to remove large mature trees at an 8” diameter 4’ off the ground unless it is diseased, damaged or have a trunk within two (2) feet of a structure. The appropriate replacement species and size will be determined by the City Arborist. 6. Landscape material of any size may be removed if determined by staff to be voluntary in nature (voluntary is not planted for landscaping purposes, but grows due to natural seeding). If removal impacts utility lines then approval from the City arborist is required. 7. It is not appropriate to introduce raised planting beds, landscape timbers, interlocking concrete block, railroad ties, diagonal lattice or contemporary edging materials in front yards. It is also inappropriate to use boulders and rip-rap as decorative elements.

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Major: Trees over 8 inches in diameter measured 4 feet off the ground; determined to be healthy by the City Arborist Landscape edging (contemporary material) Minor: Trees over 8 inches in diameter at breast height (dbh); determined to be unhealthy by the City Arborist or have a trunk within two (2) feet of a structure Tree removal when the trunk is less than 8” in diameter at breast height (dbh) Landscape material that is voluntary in nature and is not considered historical by staff All landscape plans related to new construction or re-landscaping projects Pruning large mature trees over 8” in diameter at breast height (dbh) Planting new trees, shrubs, ground cover, and other plants that are not listed in Appendix E: Suggested Plant Material Routine: Clearing of overgrown bushes, vines, saplings, and similar vegetation Planting new trees, shrubs, ground cover, and other plants that are consistent with Appendix E: Suggested Plant Material Landscape edging (traditional material) Flower, vegetable and rock gardens Landscape lighting Flower pots, planters, window boxes, birdbaths, birdhouses and similar projects. Requirements for application: Pictures Landscape Plan/location map Appropriate Materials: Appendix E: Suggested Plant Material

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D. Driveways, Walkways, and Parking Areas The movement of automobiles and pedestrians through Statesville’s historic districts is accommodated by concrete sidewalks and brick or concrete walkways, asphalt streets edged with granite or concrete curbs, and driveways. Harkening back to an era less dominated by the automobile, some adjoining properties share narrow driveways requiring neighborly cooperation and courtesy. In the residential neighborhoods, the rear yard parking area or garage was typically designed to accommodate one or, at most, two cars. The driveways vary in their materials from gravel, to concrete runners, to asphalt toppings or concrete. Typically, they lead directly back to the rear yard or garage, although a few circular drives can be found.

Guidelines 1. Introduce new driveways, walkways, and parking areas in materials, preferably “green” materials, if possible, so the general topography of the site, is not damaged. 2. No paving materials are specifically prohibited by the SHPC. The appropriateness of non- traditional or alternative paving materials and styles will be considered on a case by case basis. Asphalt paving is not allowed for sidewalks, curb cuts and aprons. 3. In residential districts, it is not appropriate to locate parking areas: a. in locations visible from the street b. where the paving will abut the principal building and not allow room for foundation planting beds, c. The paved area will substantially alter the proportion of the site that is paved versus landscaped. 4. Screen new off-street parking areas from view and adjacent properties through the use of perimeter plantings, fences, walls, or hedges. 5. Large Parking Areas: subdivide them with interior planting medians or islands (applies to commercial and institutional sites). 6. Commercial and/or Institutional Parking Lots /Areas: Locate them to the rear of buildings, and screen them from view with landscaping and/or fencing. Note: Proposals for new parking lots or off-street parking areas should be accompanied by scaled site plans, including all proposed landscape and ground cover changes and information on proposed lighting type, placement and intensity.

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Major: Construction of new parking areas and driveways Minor: Addition, Removal or Construction of walkways Addition or Removal of existing driveways and Parking Areas Routine: Repair and Replacement of existing parking areas, driveways and walkways Required for application: Site plan Materials list and samples Photos of existing Appropriate Materials: Pea-gravel Concrete Brick Stone Asphalt (allowed but not suggested) Inappropriate Edging Materials: Landscaping timbers Railroad ties Concrete (appropriate for commercial and institutional sites) Plastic

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E. Streets, Sidewalks and Public Right of Way Streets, sidewalks, parks, and other public spaces are important parts of the neighborhood setting. The public right-of-way has evolved and changed over time, but much of the early twentieth century appearance and character remains in the Historic Districts. Most streets retain their original curbs and gutters, with a grass strip separating the street from the sidewalk. Neighborhood streets are usually two lanes wide and somewhat narrow compared with current standards. Mature shade trees along many streets provide a green canopy. Future changes should maintain this character. Other than what is required for traffic and pedestrian safety, keeping traffic signage in the public right-of-way to a minimum helps to avoid obstructing the appearance of the street.

Guidelines 1. If any portion of the public right of way, streets or sidewalks is damaged due to the installation or alteration of a personal property owner request, then the property owner is responsible for the cost and work associated with the damage. 2. Repair or replacement of sidewalks, streets, concrete curbs, and gutter patterns, widths, and construction materials with previously existing materials. 3. Installation and maintenance of traffic and parking signs for private use shall not be located in the public right of way. 4. Pruning or removing trees along utility lines is not appropriate without approval of the city arborist 5. Construction of new streets or the resurfacing of existing streets and sidewalks shall match the existing as close as possible 6. It is not appropriate to install pavement or other materials in the planting strip between the street and sidewalk. Brick may be considered where a hard surface is needed. 7. Maintain historic paving materials for roads and sidewalks. When they are disturbed for underground utility construction or other work, repair pavement, gutters, and curbs with matching materials. 8. Maintain door mail slots and letterboxes. Freestanding mailboxes are not in keeping with the historic neighborhood design and should be avoided.

***Note: Review and approval of the Engineering Department and/or Electric Utilities Department may be required prior to application submittal.

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F. Garages and Accessory Buildings and Structures A number of early garages, outbuildings, and storage sheds can still be found within Statesville’s historic districts. The garages are typically one bay wide, located in the back yard, and are oriented with the large doors opening towards the street. Most are frame structures although a few brick houses have matching brick garages. Traditionally, smaller storage sheds and accessory buildings were also located in the rear yards, and were painted to match the primary structure.

It is most common in the historic districts to find accessory structures such as but not limited to satellites, antennas, mechanical equipment, dumpsters, etc. It is important to understand that even though the historic districts are constructed with older homes and accessory buildings many of the accessory structures may not be original. Many of today’s accessory structures are made of contemporary materials. In historic districts, the introduction of large contemporary manmade accessory structures such as large playground equipment, pools and outdoor kitchen facilities are often a challenge. Such features require identifying an unobtrusive location that minimizes their impact on the historic district and successfully screens their visibility from the street. Smaller features, such as mechanical equipment units and garbage cans can usually be located in side or rear yards and screened from view through plantings or fencing.

Historic homes are continually being repaired, preserved and maintained, it is not uncommon to have property owners request the use of a temporary dumpster (usually about 1 to 3 weeks) to complete cleaning before or after a large renovation project. Due to the dumpster being temporary in nature placement in the front yard is acceptable.

Guidelines 1. New Accessory Buildings must be constructed using materials and finishes that are in keeping with the main building they serve. Appendix G: New Construction Materials Guide should be utilized. 2. Garage doors that are sustainably visible from any street must be of a style and materials that are appropriate to the building and the district. Stamped metal and vinyl doors are considered to be inappropriate. 3. It is not appropriate to add features or details in an attempt to create a false historical appearance. 4. Aluminum or vinyl clad storage units are not appropriate; however prefabricated, wood-sided utilitarian storage sheds may be considered for rear yard locations that are not visible from the street 5. Introduce contemporary accessory structures such as swimming pools, mechanical units, back- flow preventers, playground equipment, concrete pads, storage buildings, basketball goals, tree houses, solar panels, trash receptacles and telecommunication equipment, only in locations that are not visible from the street and do not compromise the historic character of the site or district. 6. Satellite dishes shall not be visible from the street. They shall be concealed with plat material or placed in the side or rear yard.

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7. The members of the Statesville Historic Preservation Commission and its staff will work with property owners seeking antenna installation approval to determine an installation location that meets the technological needs of the owner while having the least impact on the district. Both parties will be responsible for working in good faith to find a balance between the needs of the applicant and the legal mandate of the Commission. The SHPC cannot prohibit the installation of such antennae, but at the same time it is under no obligation to approve any antenna configuration or location brought before it that fails to meet the Secretary of Interior Standards. 8. Temporary Dumpster/Temporary storage unit can be utilized in the front yard, not to exceed a period of four weeks. A COA can be renewed. However it will not to exceed a total of three months from the original date of issuance.

Major: New building or an addition to a building (including carports) larger than 144 sq. ft. Removal of Accessory building (including carports) which is architecturally significant. Any accessory structure that is visible from the street Minor: New building or an addition to a building (including carports) that is 144 sq. ft or smaller. Temporary dumpsters/temporary storage unit Accessory structure not visible from the street Routine Maintenance: Repair and preserve existing building, site feature or garage. Application Requirements: Site Plan Brochure or dimensional information Photos Dimensions Appropriate materials: Reference Appendix G: New Construction Materials Guide

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G. Exterior Lighting Historically, exterior lighting in residential neighborhoods such as Statesville’s historic districts was minimal. Simple porch lights and occasional street lamps were often the only sources of exterior lighting.

Often contemporary expectations and safety or security concerns lead to far higher levels of night-time site lighting in neighborhoods. Such demands should be met in ways that do not compromise the historic character of the site or district. Selective low-level lighting in key locations and the use of directional fixtures can help prevent problems with excessive lighting in historic districts. Timers and motion sensors that control light sources are also beneficial in limiting the impact of exterior lighting.

Guidelines 1. Ensure that the location, orientation, brightness, height, and design of new exterior lighting fixtures are compatible with the human scale and historic character of the district. 2. In residential areas, introduce low-level lighting and directional lighting (to prevent lighting from invading adjacent properties) where needed to ensure safety and security (instead of a more intensive yellow or orange light. Metal halide bulbs will achieve the desired effect instead of sodium vapor or fluorescent light sources). 3. Footlights, recessed lights, directional lights, and lights on posts are appropriate. 4. It is not appropriate to: a). introduce lighting to illuminate the facades or front yards in the historic district. b). introduce period lighting fixtures from an era other than when the historic structure was built, in an attempt to create a false historical appearance. 5. Introduce exterior lighting of site features and plantings, if needed, so that it does not compromise the historic character of the site or district.

Minor: Installation, Alteration, Removal of exterior lighting Repair and Replacement of exterior lighting

Routine Maintenance: Landscape lighting

Application Requirements: Photo or brochure of lighting fixture

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H. Signage Institutional traffic, historic district and commercial signs, as well as, signs identifying the name and date of some historic buildings are found within Statesville’s historic districts.

Guidelines 1. Replace missing, deteriorated or damaged signs with new signs that are compatible with the location, orientation, material, height, scale, and design of signs in the historic district. 2. Install freestanding signs on low posts or bases that are compatible with the pedestrian scale of the historic district. 3. Mount small identification signs on building facades so as not to conceal or damage significant architectural details. 4. Construct new signage out of traditional sign materials, such as wood, stone, or metal. 5. It is not appropriate to introduce new signage in contemporary materials, such as plastics, or internally lighted signs 6. The SHPC will not exercise control over logos or color. It is strongly recommended that color schemes relate to the building the sign serves. 7. All signage must comply with the local sign ordinance.

Major: Signs larger than 2’ X 3’ Minor: Appropriately designed and sited signs that are two feet by three feet or smaller may be approved by staff without commission review. Incidental signage, such as parking and entrance signs Routine: The repair and replacement of existing sign as long as they meet the local zoning ordinance and keep the historical character. Application Requirements: Photo or drawing of sign Site plan

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I. Fences and Walls As a result of Statesville’s rolling topography, retaining walls constructed of brick, stone, or cast stone edge the front yards and driveways of many homes. Stone, brick or concrete were commonly used for steps in the historic districts and generally connect the walkway from the public sidewalk to the house. Occasional low iron or wooden picket fences and hedges are used in edging the perimeter of some front and side yards of properties within the historic district. Typically the wooden fences are painted white or occasionally they are painted to match the trim color associated with the house. Iron fences are painted black or other dark colors. Higher wooden privacy fences should be located in rear yard areas. The privacy fences are utilized to enclose and screen the rear yards from street view.

Guidelines 1. Protect and maintain the functional and decorative wood, masonry, and architectural metal features of fences and walls through appropriate maintenance and repair methods. 2. Limit replacement to the deteriorated section only. 3. Introduce contemporary utilitarian fences and walls, if necessary, only in rear or rear side yards; it is not appropriate to introduce contemporary vinyl or metal chain link fences in locations that are visible from the street. 4. Fences along street frontages and front property lines may not exceed four feet in height 5. A desire for privacy or a means to confine pets to rear yards may trigger the planning of a utilitarian rear yard fence. Fences along rear property lines and rear side yards may be up to six feet in height. Fence height is measured from the bottom of the fence. 6. Contemporary vinyl or metal chain link fences are not consistent with the overall historic character of the historic districts and they should only be considered for small applications, such as dog pens, in unobtrusive locations that are not visible from the street. They are not appropriate to use for larger applications such as defining property lines. Screening new or existing metal or vinyl fencing with plantings can soften their visual impact as well.

Major: Construction of new fences, walls, or other screening in side or rear yard over 6’ in height. Construction of new fences, walls, or other screening located in the front yard Minor: Construction of new fences, walls, or other screening in side or rear yard 6’ or under in height Removal of existing fences, walls, hedges or other screening material Routine: Repair and Replacement of fence, wall, or other screening material Application Requirements: Site plan Photo of existing or brochure of new screening device Dimensions

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Appropriate Materials: Wood or iron fencing Rock/stone walls Decorative wire fence Inappropriate Materials: Chain link and Vinyl fence (if used for larger applications such as defining property lines; however if used in the rear or side yard, not visible from the street and is a small application then appropriate to use) Metal wire fence: hog wire, chicken wire, no-climb horse wire, etc.

This diagram illustrates the standards for fence heights. Fences along street frontages and front property lines cannot exceed four feet. These areas are indicated by a hatched line. Fences may be up to six feet in height along rear property lines and rear side yards. These areas are outlined by a dashed line.

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J. Art The installation of artwork creates community focal points and can vitalize landscaped areas, pedestrian corridors, parks, and other public spaces. Art takes many forms. Art can be cast, carved, built, assembled or painted. In addition to sculpture and murals, art may take a functional form such as landscaping, interpretative signage, or artistic amenities. By its presence alone art can challenge a community to heighten awareness and question assumptions.

Public art is any work of art or design that is created by an artist specifically to be sited in a space intended for public use or public viewing. It invites interaction with the surroundings and has the power to reflect or contribute to a community’s character. Public art helps define the community’s identity and reveal the unique nature of a specific neighborhood. Private art that is installed outdoors also affects the character of the historic district.

The subject or meaning of a piece of art can be interpreted in many ways. Thus review of art installations within the Historic District are intended to be content-neutral. The COA review is meant to ensure that the location, mass and scale, materials, durability, and manner of installation of the art piece are compatible with the character of the district. The Historic District Commission is not responsible for reviewing the content or subject matter of a piece of art.

Artwork should be cared for and refurbished as required by the nature of the materials to maintain the appropriate appearance and safety of the piece. Artwork should also be installed in a manner that considers safety of the general public.

Guidelines: 1. Introduce artwork only in locations that do not compromise or diminish the character of the building, site, or district 2. Introduce artwork only in locations that do not obstruct the view of historic structures or vistas. 3. Introduce artwork in locations that provide for safe pedestrian access and circulation. 4. Introduce wall-mounted art, such as murals, mosaics, or metal installations only in locations that do not compromise or diminish the overall design or architectural rhythm or pattern of the building, site, or district. 5. Install artwork so that it does not conceal or result in the removal of character-defining details or features.

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6. Introduce artwork that has appropriate massing in relation to the building, site, or district. 7. Scale artwork appropriately for the intended space. 8. Fabricate artwork from traditional materials including wood, stone, masonry, or metal and that are durable for exterior installation and compatible with the character of the building, site, or district. It is not appropriate to introduce artwork in contemporary materials, such as plastics and resins. 9. Introduce materials for associated pedestals that are typical of those found in the district, such as wood, stone, brick, or metal, unless the artwork itself suggests an alternate but compatible material. 10. Utilize methods of stabilization or attachment that are fully reversible and do not cause damage to historic buildings, sites, or materials. 11. Install accessories to the artwork such as signage, mounting hardware, or lighting so that they are unobtrusive and screened from view as much as possible and are constructed from compatible materials.

Major: Art affixed to a building or site. Minor: Installation/alteration of art such as but not limited to free standing sculpture and wall mounted murals, mosaics, or metal installations that are not affixed to a building or site Routine: Common and seasonal decorations and garden accents Application Requirements: Site plan Sketch of proposed art Material List

*Photo Credits (from left to right): Alison Adams: August 26, 2009, L’archivista Blog: March 27, 2010 and unknown source.

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Chapter 3: Changes to Building Exteriors

A. General Guidelines for Existing Structures _____25

B. Wood 26

C. Masonry & Stone: Foundations & Chimneys _____28

D. Architectural Metals _____30

E. Paint & Exterior Color 31

F. Roof 32

G. Exterior Walls & Trim 34

H. Windows & Doors 36

I. Porches, Entrances & Balconies _____39

J. Utilities & Energy Retrofit _____41

K. Accessibility & Life Safety Considerations _____43

L. Non-Contributing Structures 45

Chapter 3: Changes to Building Exteriors

A. General Guidelines for the Existing Structure: These guidelines are to be applied to every application submitted unless the applicant is proposing new construction.

Guidelines: 1. The first priority is for building exteriors is to maintain the historic character of the structure by retaining, repairing, protecting and preserving the dimensions, details, patterns, textures and finishes. If portions are too deteriorated to preserve, then replace only deteriorated portion with same as original material. 2. If use of original material is not feasible, then replace with a material that is compatible in design, dimension, material, pattern, detail, texture and finish. 3. As a last resort, if all of the current material needs to be replaced introduce new material that is compatible with the original in design, dimension, material, pattern, detail, texture and finish.

***Note: Historic Preservation Commission approval does not automatically constitute approval from the City of Statesville or the Iredell County Building Codes Department.

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B. Wood Throughout Statesville’s historic districts, wood in a variety of applications is the most common exterior cladding and architectural trim work material. Even the brick homes in the districts are also ornamented with wooden porches, exterior trim work, windows, and doors.

Both the building technologies and the preferred architectural styles of earlier eras are reflected in the variety of wooden features and trim found in Statesville’s older neighborhoods. Applied wooden moldings often perform as functional as well as decorative role by accommodating or concealing the joints between different materials or intersecting planes on the building exterior.

Guidelines: 1. Do not remove, only preserve, repair or replace (with like kind) historic wood features (such as cornices, brackets, bays, turrets, fascias, and decorative moldings) and surfaces. 2. Use only appropriate preservation methods including patching, splicing, reinforcing, and consolidating, as well as using epoxy repair products. 3. It is not appropriate to cover or replace historic wood features or surfaces with contemporary substitute materials such as vinyl, aluminum, plywood panels or cement fiber board. 4. When replacing damaged wood on porches and other exposed locations, it is best to select a decay-resistant wood of appropriate design. 5. It is not appropriate to add wood features or details such as vents, eves, bays and window or door openings in exterior walls, if they diminish the historic character of the structure. 6. Porch rails (new or original) must be of a design that is appropriate to the architectural style of the structure.

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Major (Commission approval required): Replacing over 60% of original siding or replacing siding that is not the same in material or design. Exterior Alterations to principal elevations of buildings Modification and/or removal of contributing historical features Minor (Staff approval required): Trim work, milling, and other decorative wood elements can have minor alterations, modifications, additions and/or removal of architectural detail on the rear elevation of a structure. Routine: Removal of non-original siding (synthetic sidings such as vinyl, aluminum and asbestos) Replacing original deteriorated siding and trim in the course of ordinary maintenance or repair that does not involve a change in design, material or appearance. Repair and replacement of architectural details when there is no change in design, materials or general appearance

Requirements for application: Materials List Elevation Drawings, if applicable Product samples/Brochure Pictures Plan drawings where applicable

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C. Masonry and Stone: Foundations and Chimneys Statesville has long been known for its manufacture of brick in the nineteenth century, four brick manufacturing companies were operating in Statesville. Brick facades, river rock cobble foundations and retaining walls, tile roofs, corbelled brick chimneys, and concrete walkways are all examples of masonry features found within Statesville’s historic districts. Most wood frame houses sit on raised brick foundations or piers. A wide variety of masonry features in the historic districts contribute texture, color, pattern, and scale.

Guidelines: 1. Retain and protect the historic details and finishes of masonry features and surfaces including their configuration, dimensions, bonding patterns, and texture. 2. It is not appropriate to apply a waterproof coating or painting to exposed masonry/stone. Only use water proofing elements on masonry or stone that is below grade. 3. Parging will only be allowed if it is determined the structure’s masonry elements are dramatically damaged and the process will not have a detrimental effect on the architectural style of the building (reference Appendix C: Architectural Terms). 4. If a surface has been previously painted, it shall be repaint, as necessary, in the appropriate color palette related to the style of architecture. 5. When replacing damaged brick or stone, use replacements that match the original units as closely as possible. 6. For re-pointing, use only mortars that are compatible with historic mortars in composition, color, strength, and joint finish or surface tooling. Maintain the historic joint width, profile and bond patterns when making repairs. Modern mortar can cause damage to older softer brick. 7. It is not appropriate to shorten or remove original chimneys when they become deteriorated; however non-essential to the character of the structure. Chimneys/stacks that were added later may be removed if it will not diminish the original design of the roof or destroy the historic details. 8. Construct new or replacement chimneys and foundations of historically appropriate materials such as brick or stone. It is not appropriate to use substitute materials that simulate brick or stone. 9. If metal chimney caps or other covers are necessary, install them so they do not diminish the original design of the chimney or damage historic materials. 10. If all or parts of a historic masonry feature or surface are missing, either replace them to match the missing original (based upon accurate documentation) or replace it with a new design that is compatible with the building’s architectural character. 11. It is not appropriate to add masonry features or details to a building or site in an attempt to create a false historic appearance. 12. Retain and preserve original and historic foundations and related elements wherever possible, including: pier size, vents, grilles, lattice, materials, and other significant details. For repairs or

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rebuilding, select new brick, mortar, ballast stones, and other materials to match the historic materials as closely as possible in all respects. Applies to visual portions only. 13. New vents or access doors should be centered between piers. Use inconspicuous vents, such as black iron or dark plastic, rather than unpainted aluminum. Locate access doors and other new openings in areas not visible from public view. 14. For infilling between existing brick piers, construct a curtain wall that catches the ban edge on the porch and is recessed approximately 2” back from the outer face of the piers so the original piers stand out; use this treatment for both old and new foundations. Flush foundations and infill are not appropriate. Concrete block may be used only if covered with a veneer of brick or sand- finished stucco. Leave foundations under porches open wherever possible to promote air circulation to prevent rot and deterioration; use wood lattice or grilles for enclosure. 15. Wood grilles or lattice are appropriate for infill if compatible with the period or style of the structure. Stock lightweight lattice is not appropriate in areas in the public view.

Major (Commission approval required): Chimney removal, construction of new or modification Rebuilding foundations Introduction of new masonry elements Minor (Staff approval required): Removal of original Chimney Cap Construction, modification or removal of masonry Alteration of exposed foundations Gutter installations not meeting routine maintenance criteria below Routine: Re-pointing masonry and stone surfaces Installation/removal of metal chimney caps if not original to the house Repair and replacement including re-pointing, to existing Masonry (including foundations) when there is no change in design, materials, or general appearance Installation of seamless aluminum gutters with a baked enamel finish, as long as no alterations to the soffit and fascia are done as part of the installation Requirements for application: Materials List Product samples/Brochure Photos Diagrams showing placement of materials

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D. Architectural Metals Architectural metal features including pressed metal shingles, standing seam roofs, wrought iron fences, cast iron railings and grilles (metal grating), brass hardware, decorative roof finials, and copper gutters contribute to the architectural character of Statesville’s historic districts. Whether wrought, rolled, cast, pressed, or extruded, the resulting texture, detail, and shape of different architectural metals is generally defined by the manufacturing process. The color may be inherent to the metal, as is the case with copper and bronze, or applied as is the case with ferrous metals, which must be painted to prevent corrosion.

Decorative Turret Cap Widows Walk Decorative Roof Element

Guidelines: 1. If all or parts of a historic architectural metal feature or surface are missing, either replace to match the missing original (based upon accurate documentation) or replace with a new design that is compatible with the building’s architectural character. 2. It is not appropriate to add architectural metal features or details to a building in an attempt to create a false historic appearance. 3. While copper, bronze, stainless steel, and aluminum develop a patina that protects them from corrosion protected by a sound paint film. If a paint film is allowed to deteriorate then it is appropriate to paint the metal with the proper products to aid preservation, ferrous metals (those metals containing iron) will continue to corrode if they are not properly coated.

Major (Commission approval required): Introduction of new metal features Minor (Staff approval required): Construction, modification and removal of metal features Routine: Repair and replacement of metal when there is no change in design, materials, or general appearance Requirements for application: Materials List Product samples/Brochure Photos

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E. Paint and Exterior Color The Statesville Historic Preservation Commission does not regulate paint color, since colors are a matter of personal taste; however the SHPC does strongly encourages all historic district property owners to use proper contrasts in their paint schemes. When choosing a paint scheme it is also recommended that paint colors should be historically appropriate for the age and style of the building today’s market offers a wide range of colors that are historically documented or historically appropriate, so property owners can express their individuality while still maintaining the historic integrity of the house structure. The Appendix H provides references on appropriate paint colors.

If a property owner is interested in repainting a historic building in its original paint scheme, those colors can usually be determined through a paint sample analysis by a preservationist. A Certificate of Appropriateness is not required for the painting of any building in Statesville’s historic districts. If repainting an older structure, property owners should be aware that the presence of deteriorated lead- based paint (used commonly through the 1950s) creates a health hazard and certain precautions are necessary to ensure a lead-safe building and site. Note: Staff is available to help with appropriate color schemes based on the architectural style of the structure being reviewed.

Guidelines: 1. Repaint previously painted exterior features and surfaces in colors appropriate to the style and period of the historic building. 2. Old paint should not be removed by sandblasting or other abrasive or destructive methods to remove all paint layers. 3. It is not appropriate to paint stone, brick, concrete, or metal features that were not painted historically above grade. 4. The painting of unpainted brick or masonry will require a Certificate of Appropriateness. Painting brick or masonry is not considered a change of color, but a fundamental change in the character of a building. The painting of brick or other masonry material will not be permitted except in such special circumstances as: The repainting of buildings first painted prior to the establishment of the appropriate historic district Cases where a brick building has poorly matched additions or repair work, and where the painting is designed to unify the disparate parts of the building.

Major (Commission approval required): Painting un-painted brick or masonry Routine Preserving and retaining paint finishes Requirements for application: Materials List Product samples/Brochure Photos 31 | P a g e

F. Roofs The obvious role of the roof is to shelter the structure from the weather. The roof is considered one of the most important features in protecting and preserving a structure. Therefore at all costs, the visual prominence of the roof form and pitch makes their preservation critical to preserving the overall character of a historic building. The variety of roof forms found throughout Statesville’s historic districts reflects the diversity of architectural styles they contain. Although both steep gable and hip roof forms are the most typical of the many Victorian era roofs, gambrel and mansard roofs are the most typical of the many Queen Anne era roofs. The lower pitched gabled roofs a representative of the bungalows. Corbelled chimneys, prominent dormers, vertical towers, elaborate gable trim work, exposed brackets, and boxed cornices are all historic roof features that enhance the architectural character of historic roofs. While many roofs are now covered in contemporary asphalt or composition shingles, a number of metal roofs both pressed shingle and standing seam are found in the districts. There are a few houses that still have a slate or tile roof.

Tile Roof Asphalt Shingles Metal Shingles

Guidelines: 1. Retain and preserve original roof form, pitch, overhang and significant features such as chimneys, dormers, turrets, cornices, balustrades and widow’s walks. 2. It is not appropriate to remove built in gutters. Install new gutters and downspouts, if needed, with care so that architectural features are not damaged. Paint or select enamel finishes for gutters and downspouts in colors compatible with the building. 3. Preserve and maintain historic roofing materials that are essential in defining the architecture of a historic structure, such as clay “mission tiles” or patterned slate. If replacement is necessary, replace only the deteriorated material with new material to match the original. 4. Retain historic roofing materials; if replacement is necessary due to deterioration, match the historic material as closely as possible in color, shape, size and texture. Acceptable substitute roofing materials as determined by the Historic Preservation Commission shall be allowed. Since historic roofing materials were traditionally dark in color light colored composition shingles are not appropriate. Galvanized standing seam with a large “agricultural” ridge (5V), usually for ventilation is not acceptable in the historic district, except in some cases for accessory structures. Instead standing seam metal with a crimped edge should be used. 5. Preserve and maintain original roof details such as decorative rafter tails, ornamental brackets, crown molding, soffit boards, or cresting. If replacement is necessary, the new detail should match the original. 6. It is not appropriate to install contemporary features such as mechanical equipment, satellite dishes, dormers, chimneys, ventilators, solar panels, and skylights on roofs of historic buildings unless they can be located in areas that are not visible from the street and do not compromise the historic character of the roof. 7. Avoid altering the existing roof pitch or introducing new roof pitch.

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Major (Commission approval required): Change in roofing material, including the removal and replacement of slate, terra cotta tile, standing seam metal, and metal shingle roof material. (Asphalt shingles are not included) Removal, Repair or replacement of built in gutter systems or other roof features Modern style roofing material Minor (Staff approval required): Change in roofing materials when roofing material is not documented as contributing on the historic survey. (The applicant shall choose a product close to the original in style and durability when replacement over entire roof is warranted). Installation, modification or removal of vents and ventilators Removal, addition or modification of chimney caps that is not original to the structure Routine: Patching and/or coating the roof. Installation of gutters and downspouts when original features are not altered or removed Replacement of existing roofing materials, vents and ventilators when there is no changes from the existing material, style and texture. Requirements for application: Materials List Photos of the original roof Brochure or photos of the proposed roofing material Appropriate Roof Covering: Metal: Standing Seam or Decorative Shingles Tile Slate Cedar Shakes Fiberglass/ Asphalt (3 tab or architectural) Shingles Modern Roofing Material

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G. Exterior Walls and Trim In Statesville’s historic districts, frame houses faced in wood clapboards and embellished with wooden trim work, often in late Victorian-era styles fill the streetscapes. The forms of some Queen Anne style houses incorporate bays into their asymmetrical shapes; their exterior walls are highly articulated by decorative trim and their gables or second stories are sometimes differentiated from the clapboards by wooden shingles. Statesville’s large Colonial Revival style houses echo much of the same massing and vertical proportions in their exterior walls but they incorporate more classical, less delicate trim work. Later bungalows combine simpler, boxier trim work with a more horizontal, symmetrical form than the earlier houses. The types of wood siding found include horizontal beveled siding, flush board siding, and narrow German lapped siding. Mixed in with the many frame houses from all these periods are numerous brick houses.

Guidelines: 1. It is not appropriate to compromise the architectural character of a historic building by either introducing or eliminating window or door openings, balconies, bays, chimneys, or vents on its character defining exterior walls, unless there is no other feasible opinion to comply with American Disability Act’s regulations. 2. It is not appropriate to remove or conceal material details of historic exterior walls including wooden shingles, brackets, panels, corner boards, band boards, and decorative trim work. 3. It is not appropriate to replace or cover over historic wall materials including clapboard, brickwork, stucco, and shingles with contemporary coatings or substitute sidings such as vinyl, asbestos, asphalt, fiber board, or aluminum. Cement Fiber board products are inappropriate unless expressly approved by the Historic Commission on a case by case basis. 4. It is not appropriate to add features or details to an exterior wall in an attempt to create a false historical appearance. 5. Preserve and maintain existing original wood siding, trim, ornamentation, and other wood decorative elements. 6. Use preservation techniques which encourage repair (such as epoxies, splicing, and patching where applicable) rather than whole sale replacement. 7. Avoid replacing clapboard siding with shingle siding (or vice versa) or replacing clapboard siding with siding of a different width or profile, particularly if the later siding has gained historic significance. 8. The use of imitation or pressed wood, vinyl, or aluminum siding is not permitted. 9. The use of fiber cement siding may be approved for new structures, non-historic structures and additions to historic structures not visible from public streets. 10. Blown in insulation should be placed in a house so as not to disturb siding.

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Major (Commission approval required): Removal of an exterior wall to create an addition Minor (Staff approval required): Alteration, addition or removal of trim work Routine: Repair and replacement of exterior walls and trim when there is no change in design, materials or general appearance Requirements for application: Materials list Brochures Dimensions Elevations

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H. Windows and Doors Windows and doors add rhythm, scale, and stylistic detail to the buildings in Statesville’s historic districts as they also accommodate daylight, access, view, and ventilation for the occupants. Most typical throughout the neighborhoods are wooden double hung windows in a variety of pane configurations and paneled wooden front doors, often with glazing in the upper half. Double front doors and entrances with transoms and sidelights add interest to some of the larger homes as well. The variations in sash subdivision from the straight forward one-over-one sash of many bungalows to the elaborate diamond pane sash of some Queen Ann houses reinforce the diversity of architectural styles found throughout the districts.

Guidelines: 1. Retain and preserve the pattern, arrangement, and dimensions of window and door openings on principal elevations. Often the placement of windows is an indicator of a particular architectural style, and therefore contributes to the building’s significance. If necessary for technical reasons, locate new window or door openings on secondary elevations (sides and rears), and introduce units that are compatible in proportion, location, shape, pattern, size, materials, and details to existing units. 2. For commercial and/or institutional buildings in need of a utility entrance on secondary eleva- tions, select a location that meets the functions of the building, but is least visible from the street and causes the least amount of alteration to the building. 3. It is not appropriate to introduce new window and/or door openings into the principal elevations of a contributing historic structure. 4. Glass block replacement windows are allowed only on the side and rear elevations. Such change is only allowed per elevation as long as the window opening is not being altered. 5. Replacing panes with stained, leaded or beveled glass is potentially acceptable as long as the configuration remains the same and the new design does not conflict with the style of the building. 6. Retain and preserve original windows and doors, including such elements as sash, glass, sills, lintels, casings, muntins, trim, frames, thresholds, hardware and shutters. If repair of an original window or door element is necessary, repair only the deteriorated element to match the original in size, composition, material, dimension, and detail by patching, splicing, consolidating, or otherwise reinforcing the deteriorated section. The removal of historic materials should be avoided. 7. When repair is not feasible true divided light wood windows are an appropriate replacement product for original wood windows, when designed to match the original in appearance, detail, material, profile, and overall size as closely as possible. Double- paned glass may be considered when they are simulated true divided and can accurately resemble the original window design. A. It is not appropriate to replace true divided light windows with vinyl windows or windows with snap-in muntins. 36 | P a g e

B. Window products will be reviewed on an individual basis using the following criteria: 1. Kind and texture of materials 2. Architectural and historical compatibility 3. Comparison to original window profile 4. Level of significance of original windows to the architectural style of the building 5. Existence of lead paint or other safety hazards 6. Material performance and durability 8. For commercial and/or institutional buildings, or the replacement of steel casement windows, if it is not feasible to repair original windows select replacement products that are compatible in proportion, location, shape, pattern, size, and details to the original window component using the criteria as stated in 7.B. 9 It is not appropriate to significantly alter the street facade of a historic building by either introducing or covering over window or door openings. 10 Introduce new windows or door openings, if necessary, in carefully considered locations and only on non-character-defining elevations. 11. It is generally not appropriate to replace clear glass with tinted and bronzed glass in the historic districts 12. Tinted glass is not appropriate in the historic district in any area visible from public view. Energy- saving or “low-E” glass may be used only if it is not tinted. Note: See the Utilities and Energy Retrofit section for guidelines on storm windows, storm/screen doors, awnings, and shutters.

Major (Commission approval required): Replacement of original window/s and door/s. Removal or addition of a window or door opening on elevation visible from the street Minor (Staff approval required): Exposing a previously covered window unit with replacement according guideline number 7B Modification of existing window openings Modification and removals of doors, new doors that are compatible with the architectural style of the structure Glass Block replacement window (one per elevation) on side and rear elevations Routine: Re-glazing of windows Broken Window pane replacement Repairs to original wood windows and doors when there is no change in appearance and materials Painting window trim (not glass) Installation of full view (glazed) storm windows and doors. Either wood or aluminum with baked enamel or painted finish is acceptable. Requirements for application: Project description Scaled Elevation drawings of existing windows, replacement windows, and doors Scaled elevation drawing of proposed changes to window and door openings Photos, illustrations, samples of proposed replacement units

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I. Porches, Entrances, and Balconies Deep front porches span the full width of many homes and line the streetscapes of Statesville’s historic districts contributing in significant ways to their overall character. Although the stylistic details vary, the functional and decorative features of these one story wooden porches typically include columns, pilasters, balustrades, soffits, piers, steps, beaded board ceilings, and tongue-and-groove floors. Second story balconies and an occasional classically detailed two-story portico also can be found within the districts.

Guidelines: 1. Retain and preserve historic porches, entrances and doorways including related features such as railings, posts or columns, ceilings, steps, lattice, flooring, visible piers, ornamental trim, side- lights and other character defining elements. 2. Repair, rather than replace, historic porch and entrance elements, wherever feasible. Use repair techniques which preserve historic material, including patching, epoxy repair, reinforcing, or splicing-in of new wood in place of deteriorated sections. Replacement elements should match the original in size, shape, pattern, color, and texture. 3. Use appropriate materials in the repair and restoration of historic porches. Woods that are naturally rot-resistant or treated will provide the greatest durability for exposed elements such as railings, steps, flooring, and floor framing. The use of pressure-treated wood is appropriate when painted within six months. The use of substitute material that duplicates the look and patina, and architectural detail is allowed. 4. Covering a porch with non-historic material such as vinyl or metal siding, or “winterizing” a screened porch by permanently attaching plastic sheeting is not permitted. 5. Using indoor-outdoor carpeting to weather-proof a porch floor is not permitted. 6. If all or parts of a historic porch, entrance, or balcony are missing, either replace it to match the missing original (based upon accurate documentation) or replace it with a design that is compatible with the historic building and district. 7. It is not appropriate to significantly alter the street facade of a historic building by either introducing a new porch, entrance, or balcony or removing an original porch, entrance, or balcony. 8. It is not appropriate to add features or details to a porch, entrance, or balcony in an attempt to create a false historic appearance. 9. Screening a porch may be appropriate when it is installed and designed in a way that does not alter or detract from the details of the original porch and uses compatible materials to the original structure. For example, porches may be screened if the framing is recessed, the screening placed behind columns or balustrades and the framing can be removed in the future without damaging historic elements of the porch. 10. Because of their character defining role it is not appropriate to enclose front porches. Side and rear porches may be enclosed to create sunrooms if the design of the enclosure is compatible with the architecture of the structure and does not result in a loss of historic fabric or architectural detail. 11. Gates of any kind at the foot of porch steps create an unnecessary visual barrier and are not appropriate.

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12. Replacement of wooden front porch floor with a poured concrete floor is not appropriate in the historic district.

Major (Commission approval required): Enclosure of porches Removal/adding porches on front or visible elevations from the street Construction of New Exterior stairs and steps Minor (Staff approval required): Replacement of deteriorated trim boards, flooring and ceiling, steps and railings, cheek walls and similar projects Screening of side/rear porches according to guidelines Removal or addition of porches on the rear elevations or areas not visible from the street Modifications to existing stairs or steps Routine: Minor repairs to materials and features when repaired to match the original Repairs to porch flooring and ceilings, trim boards, railings, brackets, stairs and similar projects when there is no change in design, materials or general appearance Requirements for application: Project description Photos of architectural features proposed to be replaced Scaled elevation drawings for addition of missing porches, balconies, and similar projects Construction details for addition or replacement of porch columns, railings and similar projects

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J. Utilities and Energy Retrofit In Statesville’s historic neighborhoods, a variety of traditional energy conservation practices continue to benefit today’s residents. Mature trees provide shade for many houses protecting them from the solar gain of direct summer sun. Double-hung windows, typical of buildings in the historic districts, allow residents to control the exchange of fresh air and capitalize on cool breezes. The gracious depth of front porches mediates the intrusion of outside temperatures and offers shady outdoor living areas. Gable vents, tall attics, ventilated crawl spaces, high ceilings, operable transoms, awnings, and shutters are other traditional energy conserving features that continue to offer thermal relief to occupants of historic houses. It is important to accommodate contemporary energy conservation measures, upgrades in mechanical systems, and new communication or utility services in Statesville’s historic districts in ways that do not compromise their historic character.

Guidelines: 1. Improve the thermal efficiency of historic buildings through traditional, appropriate methods including caulking and weather-stripping, re-glazing loose window panes, and, where appropriate, installing storm windows and doors, operable shutters, or awnings. 2. Storm doors and windows should avoid obscuring the design of the front door or main windows; therefore storm windows and doors must match the size of the existing window or door. 3. Paint or select enamel finishes for storm/screen doors and storm windows in colors compatible with the existing door finish or sash color. Bare aluminum finish is not appropriate in the historic districts. 4. Install fabric awnings, if desired and historically appropriate, with care over window, door, or porch openings to ensure that historic features are not obscured or damaged. 5. Minimize the visual impact of new utilities and mechanical equipment including heating and air conditioning units, generators, meters, exposed pipes, cables and wires by locating them inconspicuously in areas not visible from the street and screening them from view. 6. It is not appropriate to introduce mechanical or communication equipment including solar collectors, satellite dishes, and mechanical units in locations that visually compromise the character of a prominent exterior elevation or a historic roof, or on roof slopes visible from the street or screening them from view. 7. Select exterior storm windows and doors that are wood or painted/coated with a baked enamel finish, and that do not damage or obscure the original windows and doors when installed. Select storm doors with full glazing to maximize the view of the door. Unfinished aluminum windows and doors are inappropriate for the Historic Districts. 8. Where historically appropriate, install fabric or metal awnings so that they do not damage or conceal architectural details or historic materials. 9. Properties that historically had shutters (for the time period and age shutters were operable) or properties did not have shutter should remain as they were originally. 10. Window shutters should be wood and designed to fit the window opening and attached to the win- dow casing. Shutters should be introduced only when historically appropriate to the architecture of the building, or when it is documented that shutters are original to the building. Aluminum or vinyl shutters are inappropriate for the Historic Districts. 11. Louvered wood doors are appropriate

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Major (Commission approval is required): Installation of inoperable shutters or shutters that are not original to the structure Installation or removal of awnings or canopies Minor (Staff approval is required): Installation of full view (glazed) storm windows and doors. Either wood or aluminum with baked enamel or painted finish is acceptable. Removal of storm windows and doors Installation of Satellite Dishes and/or antennas, if visible from street view Installation/replacement of mechanical equipment, such as heating and air conditioning units Installation or removal of shutters when original to the structure Routine: Caulking and weather stripping windows Installation of window air conditioners Repair and replacement of awnings, canopies or shutters when there is no change in design, materials or general appearance Requirements for application: Site plan with dimensions Brochure Photos

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K. Accessibility and Life Safety Considerations Compliance with current building code and/or life safety standards may be engaged, if the use of a historic building is changed, substantial rehabilitation is planned, or there is a need for public access is needed. For historic properties some flexibility is allowed in meeting current standards for both the North Carolina State Building Code and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. The Historic Preservation Commission does not review proposed uses for historic buildings; however, the HPC does review proposed changes to a historic building and its site to determine if exterior changes are consistent with the design guidelines for Statesville’s historic districts.

When considering accessibility and life safety consideration, certain steps should be taken. Give full considerations in planning new uses or changes for historic buildings to accessibility and life safety code implications. Seek the input of the Historic Preservation Staff, local code officials, and preservation specialists in identifying appropriate solutions that meet or exceed accessibility and life safety code requirements.

Guidelines: 1. Meet accessibility and life safety codes in ways that do not compromise the overall historic character of the building and site. 2. When constructing a ramp, the required slope of the structure and any required rest platforms should be in as small an area as possible without inconveniencing potential users and shall comply with ADA. 3. If possible utilize landscaping to minimize the visual impact of ramps. 4. In lieu of a ramp, applicants should consider the use of mechanical lifts or other devices where feasible, as a less intrusive alternative. 5. Introduce new or additional means of access or egress and alterations if necessary, in ways that do not compromise the design of a historic structure and preferably in a reversible manner 6. Design and locate fire exists, fire stairs, or related features so their visual impact is minimized. Locate such features on non-character-defining elevations, such as rear walls.

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Major (Commission approval required): Construction of new exterior steps Installation of fire exits, stairs and landings Construction of permanent wheelchair ramp/s on the front elevation or areas visible from the street Minor (Staff approval required): Construction of permanent wheelchair ramps on side and rear elevations when not visible from the street. Installation of temporary/emergency wheelchair ramps when they are not attached to the building and are located in the front yard.

Routine: Installation of temporary/emergency wheelchair ramps when they are not attached to the building in either the side or rear yard Installation of potable wheelchair ramp Requirements for application: Project description Site plan showing the location of proposed ramps, fire stairs and other safety elements Scaled elevation drawings for fire exits or other alterations to meet safety and code requirements

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L. Changes to Non-contributing Structures: There are structures located in Statesville’s Historic Districts that were built after the current period of significance. The period of historical significance is subject to revision periodically. While these structures may be considered “non-historic” or non-contributing”, they are still part of the fabric of the historic districts. The goal of the design guidelines is to ensure that changes to non-contributing structures “do no harm” to the special character of the buildings and the district.

Non-contributing structures should follow the guidelines under Site Features (Chapter2) to preserve and contribute to the character of the neighborhood. For projects pertaining to the building itself, the guidelines under Changes to Buildings should be used, following the guidelines below for direction in their level of interpretation. For examples of approved products that may be acceptable for repairs on non-contributing structures, refer to Appendix G: New Construction Materials Guide.

Guidelines: 1. Every effort should be made to maintain the architectural integrity of non-contributing structures. Replacement materials should be carefully evaluated to ensure that they maintain the character of the building and the district. For example, covering wood trim with vinyl on a brick building is not recommended. 2. It is not appropriate to add historic ornamentation to create the illusion of an historic structure. 3. For additions and alterations, choose materials and treatments that maintain the character of the building’s architectural style. 4. Retain features that are characteristic for the architectural style on non-contributing buildings. It is not appropriate to simply remove deteriorated architectural features rather than replacing them in kind.

*Please reference the section relating to the work being proposed for a non-contributing structure. The guidelines above are general information and guidelines that solely pertain to structures that are non- contributing on the historic survey.

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Chapter 4: New Construction & Additions

A. Decks & Patios ___47

B. Additions to Historic Buildings ______48

C. New Construction ___49

Chapter 4: New Construction & Additions

A. Decks and Patios Decks and Patios are popular contemporary outside amenities and can act as an enhancement to landscaping While terraces and patios may be more compatible with the character of a historic structure, decks are acceptable when they are of compatible design and hidden from street view. Most typically, decks are located on the rear elevation of a house and lead out to the backyard via steps.

Guidelines 1. Locate decks inconspicuously in areas that are not visible from the street and are typically along the rear facade, inset from either rear corner and on ground level of historic structures or other ground floor level where the deck is not visible from public view. Locate the deck so that it does not damage, diminish, or conceal significant features of the building or site. 2. Rather than imitating the original details of the historic house, it is best to select simple but compatible details for the deck railings and steps. 3. Given their exposure to the elements, it is best to construct decks of durable materials. 4. Construct decks to be structurally self-supporting and do not attach them to historic houses so that the damage to historic features is minimized. 5. Protect significant site features, such as mature trees, from damage during or as a result of construction by minimizing related ground disturbance and limiting the use of heavy construction equipment. 6. Traditional treatments such as foundation plantings or lattice screening can soften the impact of the exposed deck structure and visually tie the deck to the house foundation. 7. Decks should be painted or stained to protect them from moisture and ultraviolet light. Painting or staining a deck also provides an opportunity to enhance its compatibility with the historic house through the selection of complementary colors.

Major (Commission approval required): New Decks or expansion of existing deck Minor (Staff approval required): New Patio or expansion of an existing patio Removal of an existing deck unless it is original to the structure Routine: Repair/replacement of decks when there is no change in design, materials or general appearance Repair/replacement of deteriorated/missing patio material when there is no change in design, materials or general appearance. Requirements for application: Material List Elevation Drawings, if applicable Detailed drawings with dimensions (decks) Product samples/Brochure Pictures Plan drawing showing the location of the house to the street

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B. Additions to Historic Buildings The continued use of a building often leads to changes over time as the functions or occupants change. Sometimes the need for more or different space results in an addition to the structure. Within Statesville’s historic districts, the goal is to ensure that additions are compatible to the original building in design and sensitively sited so that they do not compromise the overall character of the historic building or its setting.

Guidelines 1. Locate additions inconspicuously in areas that are not visible from the street and will not substantially alter the site’s proportion of constructed area to non-built area. 2. Where possible, locate new additions at the side or rear so that they have a minimal impact on both the façade and other primary elevations related to the affected structure or adjacent properties. 3. Vinyl, aluminum, and pressed wood are not appropriate on additions to historic structures. Other substitute siding may be allowed (see new construction materials guide). 4. Wood windows are most appropriate for new additions within the historic district; however, substitute window materials are acceptable for new additions (see new construction materials guide, Appendix G). 5. Design additions and their features so they are compatible in scale, materials, proportions, and details with the historic house, including windows and doors in shape, placement, materials, scale, size, pattern, and proportion, and roof form and height. 6. Foundations should be similar to or compatible with the existing foundations in material, color, detailing and height. 7. In Single family residential properties, no more than 50% of the rear yard can be covered. 8. Select exterior materials and finishes that are compatible with those of the historic building in terms of composition, module, texture, pattern, color, and detail, yet discernible. It is not appropriate to add features or details to an addition in an attempt to create a false historic appearance. 9. Construct additions to be structurally self-supporting and do not attach them to historic houses so that the damage to historic features is minimized. 10. Protect significant site features, such as mature trees, from damage during or as a result of construction by minimizing related ground disturbance and limiting the use of heavy construction equipment. A protection plan has to be submitted prior to the issuance of a permit.

Major (Commission approval required): Additions have an impact on the character of historic structures; therefore a Certificate of Appropriateness is required for all additions. Requirements for application: Project description Site plan showing building footprint with the proposed addition and measurements to property lines Scaled elevation drawings showing all sides of the addition and relationship to original structure Material Specifications

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C. New Construction Within Statesville’s historic districts, an undeveloped lot or the loss of a historic building may occasionally provide the opportunity for the construction of new structures. If properly sited and compatibly designed, infill buildings can enhance the overall character of a district streetscape. New construction should always reinforce the pattern and placement of earlier houses in relationship to the street.

The placement of new buildings is critical and must be carefully tailored to the specific streetscape. Although the setback from the street and the spacing between houses may vary a great deal within a large historic district, these factors are generally quite consistent within a specific block. Typical throughout the districts is the orientation of the front facade to the street. The placement of any proposed design should comply with the precedents set by the neighboring historic houses and should also take into consideration any mature trees or other significant features on the site. Other than the construction of appropriately sited and scaled accessory structures and garages, the construction of infill buildings in rear yards is not appropriate in the historic districts because it conflicts with the traditional pattern of placement and setbacks of principal structures in Statesville’s historic districts.

Although new buildings within a historic district should reflect the contemporary era of construction, they must also be compatible in terms of building height, roof form, street facade proportion, scale, and overall massing with the neighboring historic houses. Beyond the initial decisions regarding overall form, their compatibility must also be reviewed in terms of finish materials, the selection and placement of windows and doors, and architectural details.

While ground disturbance is essential for new construction, it is important to keep any excavation and re- grading to a minimum and to limit the area impacted by construction equipment and related activities so that significant site features, including archaeological features, are not damaged or destroyed.

332 Kelly Street Corner of Walnut and N Mulberry St. West Front Street

Placement 1. Maintain a similar front, side, and rear yard setback to other contributing historic buildings on the block and/or side of the street. 2. Maintain the pattern of building separation and lot coverage that is found on the block and/ or side of the street. 3. Place outbuildings and accessory structures in side and rear yards. Avoid locations that obscure the principal building’s prominent architectural features or significant site features. 4. Minimize ground disturbance during new construction to avoid unnecessary damage to unknown archaeological resources.

Building Height/Scale 1. New construction shall not exceed the allowable height per the zoning district the proposed structure will be built. 2. Make the scale of the proposed building compatible with the scale of contributing structures on the block or side of street. 3. Design the proportion (the ratio of height to width) of the proposed new building and its 49 | P a g e

architectural elements to be consistent with the proportion of contributing buildings and their associated architectural elements on the block or side of street. 4. Use windows and doors in new construction that are compatible in proportion, shape, location, pattern, and size with windows and doors of contributing buildings on the block or side of street. 5. Any new construction within the historic district shall be modeled from a contributing structure and keep within the period of significance as stated in the historical survey. The replacement building shall be of similar height, scale, massing and location as the previously existing building or building within the same block.

Materials 1. Keep the siding and trim material of the proposed building consistent with the materials traditionally used on the immediate block. Wood siding, wood shingles (as typically found in gables of Victorian period residential architecture), and brick, were common sheathing materials and should be used. 2. The use of substitute products such as vinyl, aluminum and pressed board siding and other modern day products marketed to imitate traditional building materials is not allowed. Smooth cement fiber siding may be used on a case by case basis. Use of cement fiber board siding may be approved for use on new structures. In all circumstances every effort shall be made to ensure that new structures and the application of modern day products achieve compatibility with existing historic buildings that define the character of the Historic Districts. 3. Use materials in traditional ways. New materials should appear as if they were applied in a traditional manner so as to convey the same visual appearance as historically used and applied building materials.

Details 1. Use architectural details on the building that complement the architectural details of contributing structures on the block and/or side of the street. 2. Provide a date brick or other exterior date identification marker on all new construction to assist future generations in the dating of buildings.

Texture and Color 1. Create in new construction a similar degree of texture that as is found in contributing buildings in the historic district. Texture is the relief on a building surface that is achieved through use and interaction of a variety of building materials and shapes. Materials such as weatherboard siding, decorative fish-scale shingles and beaded-board porch ceilings are examples of wooden architectural elements that have different physical and visual qualities and contribute to the “texture” of a building surface.

Form and Rhythm 1. Design new construction that reflects the basic shapes and forms on the block and in the historic district. 2. Maintain consistency with style of buildings and contributing structures found on the block and/or side of the street. 3. Maintain similar percentages and patterns of window and door openings consistent with the style of buildings. Openings which vary considerably from the established patterns found on the block in which the new construction is placed will tend to have a disruptive effect on the desired harmony of the streetscape.

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Landscaping Retain and protect mature trees during construction

Major (Commission approval required): All applications for new construction shall go before the HPC. Requirements for application: Project description Site plan showing building footprint with the proposed construction, measurements to property lines, utilities, lighting, mechanical equipment and all trees larger than 8” at dbh (diameter at breast height) measured 4’ off ground. Scaled elevation drawings showing all sides of the new construction Material specifications, samples, and illustrations

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Chapter 5: Relocation, Demolition & Securing Buildings

A. Relocation of Buildings 53

B. Demolition of Buildings 55

C. Securing Building Exteriors 57

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Chapter 5: Relocation & Demolition

A. Relocation of Buildings The setting, landscaping, and neighborhood context of a historic building are all factors that contribute to its integrity and overall character. For this reason, it is usually undesirable to dramatically alter the setting of a historic building by relocating it. Only in rare situations would other considerations outweigh the compromises inherent in the relocation of a historic building. Beyond the change in context created by relocation, the physical act of moving a structure is a complicated procedure that may cause substantial damage to the building. Nonetheless, relocation should be carefully considered if it is the only practical alternative to demolition or if the original context has been so substantially altered that it no longer provides a compatible setting for the historic property.

Guidelines 1. Record the building in its original setting prior to moving the building through photographs, historic survey and a site plan. 2. Work with contractors experienced in moving historic buildings to develop a plan for moving that includes the following steps: Ensure the building is structurally sound and stable enough to survive a move. Minimize any structural damage due to the move. Coordinate the move with all appropriate utility companies and City of Statesville departments. Protect the building from weather damage and vandalism before, during, and after the move. Protect significant site features, archaeological features, adjacent properties, and properties along the relocation route from damage during the move. Move the building as a single unit in lieu of partial or complete disassembly, if possible. Choose a site within the Historic District, if possible. 3. Submit to the Commission for its review a site plan for proposed landscaping and site treatments of the original site (if within a historic district) following relocation of the building. 4. Ensure that relocation within a historic district will not compromise or damage the historic character of existing historic buildings or the district as a whole. 5. Ensure that the relocated building is architecturally compatible with adjacent buildings on the new site (if within a historic district). 6. Plan new sitting and related site alterations (if within a historic district) according to the guidelines in this document for new construction and relevant guidelines for changes to building sites. 7. Clear the original site of debris and safety hazards and implement the approved site plan quickly following relocation.

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8. Be sensitive to the fact that every site in the historic district is an historic archaeological site. Important features such as wells, privy sites, and trash pits (visible during grading) can yield very important information about the past owners of the property through the material artifacts that they have left behind. During grading, the footprints of long-demolished outbuildings will be visible as discolorations in the soil. These can yield important information about site usage during earlier times in Statesville. All relocation activities should be documented for the HPC files located in the City’s Planning Department.

Major (Commission approval required): Any relocation is considered major Application Requirements: Project description Site plan showing the building footprint A demolition plan if applicable A tree protection plan for the current site and the future site Photographs and site plan of proposed new location

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B. Demolition of Buildings The loss of any significant historic structure through demolition depletes Statesville’s historic resources. In a historic district, the loss of pivotal structures can even compromise the district’s overall character. Such irreversible action warrants careful consideration and full deliberation of possible alternatives by all parties involved. Sometimes selling, adapting the use, or even relocating a historic property may avoid a proposed demolition.

Property owners contemplating demolition of a historic structure are encouraged to consider all possibilities and to seek the assistance of the Historic Preservation Commission. To provide time to identify and explore viable alternatives to demolition, statewide enabling legislation provides the Com- mission with the right to delay a proposed demolition for up to 365 days. While the Commission may elect to delay demolition for up to one year, they do not have the right to permanently deny a demolition request unless the building is deemed by the State Historic Preservation Office to be of statewide significance.

501 Walnut Street: Anderson House 332 Kelly Street 438 W. Front Street

Guidelines 1. Work with the Historic Preservation Commission and other interested parties to seek alternatives to demolition. 2. Record the historic building and its setting prior to demolition through photographs and drawings, such as floor plans of the building, elevations, any distinctive exterior and interior features and site plans and submit to the City of Statesville Planning Office before demolition occurs. If there are existing drawings of the structure copies must be made and submitted to the Department of Planning. 3. Salvage or provide the opportunity for the salvage of architectural features and materials for reuse prior to demolition. 4. Submit to the Historic Preservation Commission for their review, prior to demolition, a site plan illustrating any post-demolition landscaping or site treatment. 5. Protect significant site features, archaeological resources, and any adjacent historic structures from damage during demolition. Document the entire demolition process as much as possible. As the exterior of a house is removed, important clues to structural changes and building methods can be seen. Photographs are the only lasting memory of what was once at this site. Copies should be filed with the HPC staff archives for future research by historians. 6. Clear the site of debris and safety hazards and implement the approved site plan quickly following demolition. Document all archaeological features revealed during grading, such as wells, privies, earlier demolished building outlines, and landscape and hardscape patterns. 7. Retain mature trees on site.

*Note: City Council approval will have to be granted before demolition can occur per NC Session Law 2005-143, House Bill 1020.

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Major: Any demolition is considered major and will need HPC’s recommendation to City Council and City Councils Approval. Application Requirements: Project description including reason for demolition Site plan showing the building and demolition plan Tree Protection Plan Photos of the structure prior to demolition

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C. Securing Building Exteriors: At times, it may be necessary to secure a building in order to keep it safe until it can be improved. Doing so is preferred, rather than letting the building deteriorate. If a building must be closed, secure it in a way that respects its basic character. The structure will need to be monitored periodically to insure the work that has been completed to secure the building’s exterior is effective. Up most care should be taken to secure the structure.

Guidelines: 1. Secure the building against vandalism, break-ins and natural disasters by: a. Maintaining a weather-tight roof is preferred. Temporary roofing may be installed if needed. b. Structurally stabilize the building if needed. c. When closing the window and door openings, it is not appropriate to damage the frame and sash components. Mount wood panels to fit within the openings. Painting the panels to match the building color, raw material is inappropriate. 2. Provide adequate ventilation to the interior of the building. 3. The building should be treated for termites before it is closed. 4. Secure the mechanical and utility systems by: a. Terminating the utilities b. Removing flammable items from the building

Major: Any structure shall be reviewed by the HPC if an applicant requests the structure to be secured. Minor: Any structure that has been secured that needs to be repaired will have to obtain a minor approval from staff, if deviating from what was originally approved. Routine Maintenance: Reopening the structure, when there were no conditions placed on the original approval. Application Requirement: Project description including reason for boarding Materials List Photos of the structure prior to boarding (inside and outside the structure)

*Photo Credits (left to right): Eco River; Outdoor Blogger Network: October 26, 2009, unknown source, Paul McClure: February 27, 2009

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Chapter 6: Commercial, Institutional & Religious Facilities

A. Commercial Storefront______60

B. Building Façade Treatment ______61

C. Architectural Details & Ornamentation______62 Chapter 6: Commercial, Institutional & Religious Facilities

The commercial, institutional and religious buildings and uses are part of the character of the districts and each must be reviewed based on its individual architecture and functional needs. In general, the interpretation of the Design Guidelines must evaluate the content of a project on the merits of its relationship to the commercial, religious and /or institutional building and property. As stated in the “District Setting and Site Features” section, these are of critical significance in preserving the neighborhood character and any potential impact it may have on the district as a whole.

In interpreting the Historic District Design Guidelines for their applicability to commercial, religious and institutional properties there are two factors that must be considered when reviewing an application. 1) The functional needs of the commercial, religious and institutional property owner must be considered. The property owner should be allowed to use the property in the manner needed, as long as it maintains the character of the historic district. 2) The architecture of the building should be valued and preserved in its own right, and any changes should respect the original contributing building on the property. Modifications that are consistent with the architectural style of the building are appropriate when required to meet a functional need. Often a balance between function and architectural appropriateness must be struck in order to meet the objectives of both the property owner and the intent of the guidelines. Do no unalterable harm.

Institutional Facilities Religious Facilities

Mitchell College Main Building Western Ave Baptist Broad Street Methodist

Commercial Facilities

Riddle Bicycle Shop Bonita’s Alterations Western Ave

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A. Commercial Storefront The storefront is the single most identifying characteristic of the historic commercial façade. Turn-of- the-century commercial buildings commonly included storefronts with large display windows, transom bars or windows, and recessed entryways.

The combination of these features; while attractive, are also quite functional in that they create an area for the display of goods and allow light to enter into the store. Other architectural features found in these storefronts include bulkheads below the display windows, columns or pilasters to support the façade above the storefront, and awnings.

Guidelines

Preservation 1. Retain and preserve historic storefronts and storefront features such as entryways, display windows, doors, transoms, corner posts, etc. 2. Whenever possible, retain and preserve historic materials. Avoid the removal of historic materials or architectural features. 3. Whenever repairing or renovating, it is recommended that any non-historic storefront or façade treatments including metal cladding or other non-historic alteration be removed.

Reconstruction 4. If replacement of a deteriorated storefront or storefront feature is necessary, replace only the deteriorated element to match the original in size, scale, proportion, material, texture and detail. 5. When reconstructing a historic storefront, base the design on historical research and evidence. Maintain the original proportions, dimensions and architectural elements. 6. Whenever changes are required to meet building or accessibility codes, they should be done in a way that is the least intrusive to the façade and without destroying historic materials and features.

New Design 7. Where original or early storefronts no longer exist or are too deteriorated to save, retain the commercial character of the building through contemporary design which is compatible with the scale, design, materials, color and texture of the historic buildings.

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B. Building Facades Treatment The most architectural details can be found on the upper story façade of an historic commercial building. Most commercial, religious and institutional buildings in the historic district are visible from all sides. As with the primary front façade, these side elevations are important character-defining elements of the historic districts. The side façade generally carries the same design elements and details as the main elevation including fenestrations, brickwork, etc. The rear elevation on a commercial building provides access for merchants, their workers, and in some cases, customers; however on institutional buildings the rear is used for building maintenance entry/exit and loading and unloading areas. It also continues the same general material treatments as front and side façades. The rear entrances are where the mechanical equipment and garbage receptacles are typically located.

Guidelines

Preservation 1. Retain and preserve historic façade details and materials on the front, side and rear elevations. 2. The covering of upper façades is not appropriate. Whenever possible, remove metal or other non- historic covering from upper façades. 3. It is not appropriate to remove or replace original upper façade windows with modern materials. The enclosing or bricking in of windows shall not be permitted. When upper floor windows must be replaced, match the original in configuration and materials. 4. Historic painted advertisements represent an important historic element for some commercial buildings. While not required, it is recommended that they be preserved whenever possible. 5. It is encouraged that any unnecessary or unused utility lines, mechanical equipment, pipes, etc. be removed. When introducing new utility or service features such as mechanical units and garbage receptacles, they are to be screened from public view with fences, low walls, or landscaping.

Reconstruction 6. If replacement of a deteriorated façade feature is necessary, replace only the deteriorated element to match the original in size, scale, proportion, material, texture and detail. It is only appropriate to use alternate materials when all the original features are unknown, have been destroyed, or are not available. 7. When reconstructing a historic façade or feature, base the design on historical research and evidence. Maintain the original proportions, dimensions and architectural elements. If no evidence of the design of the feature exists, a new design, compatible with the overall character of the building, should be used. 8. Buildings with rear access should use small signs or awnings to provide for visual identification.

New Design 9. If new construction of a façade is necessary, make sure that the design is compatible with the existing commercial or institutional structures in the district including size & spacing of windows or other fenestrations, proportion, scale, and detailing 10. Whenever possible, new designs for rear façades should provide access to the public from rear parking areas and alleyways.

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C. Architectural Details & Ornamentation: Architectural details include everything from simple masonry treatments such as corbelled brick and stringcourses to very detailed ornamentation like cast iron, stone relief, and wooden and masonry cornices. Variations in material, fenestration, and paint color all contribute to the level of ornamentation on the individual structure.

Institutional Religious Commercial

Mitchell College 1st Presbyterian The Bicycle Shop

Guidelines: 1. Retain and preserve any architectural features and details that are character defining elements of downtown structures, such as cornices, columns, piers, brickwork, stringcourses, quoins, etc. 2. If replacement of an architectural element is necessary, use new materials that complement the historic materials in composition, size, shape, color, pattern, and texture. Consider substitute materials only if the original materials are not technically feasible. 3. It is not appropriate to remove or cover any original detail or ornamentation. If original features are currently covered, it is encouraged that these features be uncovered, exposed, and repaired. 4. If the entire architectural detail is missing, design the replacement feature based on historic documentation. If there is no documentation, but evidence that the element was originally on the building, any new design should be compatible with the historic character of the building and district.

All of the following items are related to commercial, institutional and religious guidelines please refer to Chapter 3: Changes to Building Exteriors: Masonry Wood Architectural Metal Paint Accessibility and Life Safety considerations Utility and Energy retrofit

***Note: Please reference the North Carolina Rehabilitation Code.

For all commercial, institutional and religious new construction please reference Chapter 4: New Construction and Additions and Appendix G: New Construction Materials Guide.

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Appendix

A. Resources for Technical Information 64

B. References 65

C. Architectural Terms _____66

D. Parts of a House 73

E. Suggested Plant Materials _____74

F. Map of the Historic Districts 77

G. New Construction Materials Guide 82

H. Appropriate Paint Palettes _____83

I. Application Requirements for Quick Reference 90

A. Resources for Technical Information Local Resources: Statesville Historic Preservation Commission City of Statesville P.O. Box 1111 Statesville, NC 28687 To obtain information on Statesville‟s historic districts, certificates of appropriateness, and technical assistance, contact the Statesville Historic Preservation Commission staff. Tel: 704/878-3578 Fax: 704/878-3464

State Resources: State Historic Preservation Officer North Carolina Division of Archives and History NC Dept. of Cultural Resources 4618 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-4618 Tel: 919/733-4763

To obtain information on the National Register program and historic districts, contact the Survey and Planning Branch at 919/733-6545.

To obtain technical restoration assistance and information on preservation tax credits and lead-based paint contact the Restoration Branch at 919/733-6547.

To obtain information on archaeological sites, contact the Office of State Archaeology at 919/733- 7342.

National Resources: Heritage Preservation Services National Park Service 1849 C Street, NW Washington, DC 20240 To obtain information on preservation publications or technical assistance contact the Technical Preservation Services office at 202/343-9578. Web site: http://www2.cr.nps.gov

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B. References National Park Service Publications: The National Park Service publishes an ongoing series of technical briefs, books, and leaflets on appropriate preservation treatments and rehabilitation techniques. A Catalogue of Historic Preservation Publications with ordering information, stock numbers, and prices may be obtained by writing to the National Park Service (see address on page 66). Their web site also includes information on their programs and publications.

Other References: Bishir, Catherine W. North Carolina Architecture. Chapel Hill, N. C.: University of North Carolina Press, 1990.

Bullock, Orin M., Jr. The Restoration Manual: An Illustrated Guide to the Preservation and Restoration of Old Buildings. Norwalk: Silvermine Publishers, 1966. (721 Carnegie)

Caring for Your Historic House, Historic Preservation Foundation and National Park Service. New York, NY: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1998.

Faretti, Rudy J., and Joy Putnam. Landscapes and Gardens for Historic Buildings. Nashville, Tenn.: American Association for State and Local History, 1978.

McAlester, Virginia and Lee. A Field Guide to American Houses. New York: Alfred Knopf, 1984.

Morton, W. Brown, III, et al. The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation & Illustrated Guidelines for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings. Washington, D. C.: National Park Service, U. S. Department of the Interior, 1992.

Moss, Roger W. Century of Color: Exterior Decoration for American Buildings—1820/1920. Watkins Glen, N. Y.: American Life Foundation, 1981 and Gail C. Winkler. Victorian Exterior Decoration: How to Paint Your Nineteenth Century House Historically. New York, N. Y.: Henry Holt and Co., 1987.

Old House Journal. The Old House Journal Corp., 435 Ninth Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. 11215. Phillips, Steven J. Old-House Dictionary: An Illustrated Guide to American Domestic Architecture (1640- 1940). Washington, D. C.: Preservation Press, 1992.

Weaver, Martin E. Conserving Buildings: Guide to Techniques and Materials. New York, N. Y.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1993.

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C. Architectural Terms Aluminum Siding: sheets of exterior architectural covering, usually with a colored finish, fabricated to approximate the appearance of wooden siding. Aluminum siding was developed in the early 1940s and became increasingly common in the 1 950s and the 1 960s. Applied Woodwork: woodwork applied in decorative patterns to wall surfaces either plain, carved, milled, or turned. Arcade: a series of regularly spaced arches or arched openings supported on piers or columns attached to or detached from a wall. Arch: a self-supporting structure that spans an opening usually formed of wedge-shaped stones, bricks, or other objects laid so as to maintain one another firmly in position. A rounded arch generally represents Classical or Romanesque influence, whereas a pointed arch denotes Gothic influences. Archaeological Resources: man-made artifacts, deposits, or objects made by people or materials altered by human activity; usually recovered from or found at a historic or prehistoric site. Architectural Integrity: a measure of the completeness or intactness of a property‟s architectural identity. Architrave: the lowest part of an entablature, sometimes used by itself as a casing for a window or door. Asbestos Siding: dense, rigid material containing a high proportion of asbestos fibers bonded with Portland cement; resistant to fire, flame, or weathering and having a low resistance to heat flow. It is usually applied as large overlapping shingles. Ashlar: squared, but rough-hewn, block of stone masonry set in horizontal or random courses. Asphalt Shingle: a shingle manufactured from saturated construction felts (rag, asbestos, or fiberglass) coated with asphalt and finished with mineral granules on the side exposed to the weather. Asphalt Siding: siding manufactured from saturated constructed felts (rag, asbestos, or fiberglass) coated with asphalt and finished with mineral granules on the side exposed to the weather. It sometimes displays designs seeking to imitate brick or stone. Asphalt siding was applied to many buildings in the 1950s. Attic: the upper level of a building, not of full ceiling height, directly beneath the roof. Awning: a roof like covering of canvas, often adjustable, over a window, a door, etc., to provide protection against the sun, rain, and wind. Aluminum awnings were developed in the late 1 950s. Balloon Framing: a method of wood-frame construction, referring to the skeletal framework of a building. Studs or uprights run from sills to eaves, and horizontal bracing members are nailed to them. Baluster: A miniature column or other form of upright that, in a series, supports a handrail, or balustrade. Balustrade: a row of vertical balusters topped by a handrail; used to edge stairways, porches, balconies, and rooflines. Band (Band Course, Bandmold, Belt): flat trim running horizontally in the wall to denote a division in the wall plane or a change in level. Bargeboard (also Vergeboard): a wooden member, usually decorative, suspended from and following the slope of a gable roof. Bay: an opening or division along the face of a structure. For example, a wall with a door and two windows is three bays wide. Bay Window: multi-sided, projecting window structure that has its base on the ground, forming an extension of interior floor space, one or more stories in height. Beaded Board: a decorative board with tongue and grove bead pattern on one side. Belt course: a projecting course of bricks or other material forming a narrow horizontal strip across the wall of the building, usually to delineate the line between stories- also referred to as a stringcourse. Belvedere: rooftop structure (i.e., small lookout tower), usually with windows on all sides. Bond: the pattern in which bricks are laid in the formation of a wall- also referred to as brick bonding pattern. Box Cornice: a hollow, built-up cornice usually made up of boards and molding. Boxed Gutter: a gutter enclosed within a soffit or cornice trim and thus concealed from view. Bracket: a decorative support feature, either plain or ornamental, located under eaves or overhangs.

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Bungalow Style: an early 20th century architectural style that grew out of the Arts and Crafts movement of the late 19th century. Its basic characteristics are long, low profiles; overhanging, bracketed eaves; wide engaged porches with square, squat brick piers supporting wood posts; and informal interior arrangements. Buttress: a vertical mass of masonry projecting from or built against a wall to counteract the thrust of an arch, roof, vault, or other structure. Sometimes wooden buttresses are added to the frame Gothic Revival-style buildings as decorative, but not supporting features. Ca. or Circa: used before a date to indicate “approximate.” Cames: A slender grooved lead bar used to hold together the panes in stained glass or latticework windows. Capital: the topmost member, usually decorated or molded, of a column or pilaster. Casement Window: a hinged window which opens out from a building. Cement Fiber Board: a composite material made of sand, cement and cellulose fibers and can be used as siding sheets, shingles or clapboard. Character Defining: refers to features or details of a building that are significant in defining its architectural or historic character. Cladding: The material used to cover the exterior surface of a building, such as siding or shingles. Clapboard: horizontal wooden siding boards tapered at the upper end and applied so as to cover a portion of a similar board underneath and to be covered by a similar one above. The exposed face of clapboard is usually less than 6 inches wide. This was the common outer face in the 19th and early 20th century buildings. Clerestory: windows located relatively high in a wall, often forming a continuous band. This was a feature of many Gothic cathedrals and was later adapted to many of the Revival styles found here. Clipped Gable: a gable in which the peak at either end is truncated and angled back to the ridge to form a small hip. Colonial Revival: an architectural style (1870-1950) characterized by a balanced façade, the use of decorative elements such as porticoes to emphasize the front entrance, double-hung windows with multiple panes, and decorative cornices. Colonnade: a series of columns supporting an entablature. Colonnette: a small-scale column generally employed as a decorative element on mantels, over- mantels and porticoes. Column: a vertical support that consists of a base, shaft, and capital. They are circular in plan and usually slightly tapered. Columns, along with their corresponding entablatures are classified into five orders: Doric, Tuscan, Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite. Common Bond: a method of laying brick wherein one course of headers is laid for every three, five, or seven courses of stretchers. Conjectural Features: based on conjecture. Contributing structure: a structure determined by the state Historic Preservation Office or the Historic Preservation Commission to possess historical or architectural significance that has contributed to the special nature of the Historic District. Coping: the cap or the top course of a masonry wall or chimney. Corbel: a stepped series of stone blocks or bricks that project outward and upward from a wall surface, sometimes to support a load and sometimes for decorative effect. Corner Boards: vertical boards nailed on the exterior corners of frame buildings to provide a method of finishing and joining the ends of the weatherboards. Corner Block: decorative square block located on the upper corner of door and window surrounds. Cornice: the uppermost part of an entablature usually used to crown the wall of a building, portico, or ornamental doorway. The term is loosely applied to almost any horizontal molding forming a main decorative feature- especially to a molding at the junction of walls and ceiling in a room. Craftsman Style Bungalow: is a subset of the bungalow characterized by simplicity and lack of the fanciful ornamentation one finds in Victorian homes. Cresting: ornamental ironwork or woodwork, often highly decorative, used to embellish the ridge of a roof or the curb or upper portion of a mansard roof. 67 | P a g e

Cross-Buck: a style or feature that imitates the intersecting diagonals of structures with cross- bracing. Crown Molding: Cornices upper molding. Crown molding often serves to cap or crown the vertical facing, or fascia, of a boxed cornice. Also the term is frequently given to the molding used to decorate the joints between walls and a ceiling. Cupola: a roof-top structure, having a domed roof supported by a circular or polygonal base. Occurring on the roof of a building, serves as a lantern, belfry, or belvedere. Dentil: one of a series of small, closely spaced blocks, often tooth-like, used as ornamental elements of a classical cornice. Doric Order: a classical order characterized by simple unadorned capitals supporting a frieze of vertically grooved tablets or triglyphs set at intervals. Dormer: A vertical window projecting from the slope of a roof; usually provided with its own roof. Door Hood: a small, roofed projection over a doorway usually supported by brackets. Double-Hung Window: a window with two sashes that open and close by sliding up and down in a cased frame. Double-pile House: A house that is two rooms deep. Downspout: a vertical pipe, often of sheet metal, used to conduct water from a roof drain or gutter to the ground or cistern. Drip Cap: A horizontal molding, fixed to a door or window frame to divert the water from the top rail, causing it to drip beyond the outside of the frame. Eave: the part of the sloping roof that projects beyond the wall. Elevation: The exterior face of a building, usually denoted by the direction it faces (such as, the west elevation). Also denotes a drawing showing the vertical elements of a building, either exterior or interior, as a direct projection to a vertical plane. Ell: a secondary wing or extension of a building, often a rear addition, positioned at right angles to the principal mass. Engaged Porch: A type of porch where the roof is structurally continuous with the main roof of the structures. English Bond: a method of laying brick wherein one course is laid with stretchers and the next with headers, thus bonding the double thickness of brick together and forming a high-strength bond of alternating courses of stretchers and headers. Entablature: the horizontal part of a Classical order of architecture, usually positioned above columns or pilasters. It consists of three parts: the lowest molded portion is the architrave; the middle band is the frieze; the uppermost is the cornice. Fabric: the physical material of a building, structure, or city, connoting an interweaving of component parts. Façade: front or principal elevation of a building. May also refer to other prominent exterior faces, as well. Fan: a semicircular or elliptical frame above a door or window or in the gable ends of a building; usually filled with radiating wood louvers. Fanlight: a semicircular window, usually above a door or window, with radiating muntins or tracery, also called a “lunette.” Fascia: a flat board with a vertical face that forms the trim along the edge of the roof; or along the horizontal- or eave side- of a pitched roof. The rain gutter is often mounted on it. Fenestration: the arrangement of windows, doors, and other exterior openings on a building. Finial: an ornament, usually turned on a lathe, placed on the apex of an architectural feature such as gable, turret, or pediment. Flashing: a thin impervious material placed during construction to prevent water penetration, to provide water drainage, or both, especially between a roof and a wall. Flemish Bond: a method of laying brick wherein headers and stretchers alternate in each course and, vertically, headers are placed over stretchers to form a bond and give a distinctive cross pattern. Flush siding: an exterior wall treatment consisting of closely fitted horizontal boards with joints that are carefully to be hidden and flush, giving a very uniform, flat siding appearance. Fluted: having regularly-spaced vertical grooves or flutes, such as on the shaft of a column. 68 | P a g e

Foundation: the supporting portion of a structure below the first-floor construction, or below grade, including footings. French window: a long window reaching to the floor level and opening in two leaves like a pair of doors. Frieze: the middle portion of a Classical entablature, located above the architrave and below the cornice. The term is usually used to describe the flat, horizontal board located above the weatherboards of most houses. Gable: the vertical, triangular part of a building with a double sloping roof (gabled roof). It consists of the area from the cornice or eaves up to the ridge of the roof and forms a triangle. Gable Roof: pitched roof with two sloping sides that meet at a ridge. Gambrel Roof: a modified gable roof with two pitches on each side, the lower pitch being steeper. German Siding: wooden siding with a concave upper edge that fits into a corresponding rabbet in the siding above also called “drop siding.” Glass Block or Glass Brick: A hollow block of glass, usually translucent with textured faces; has relatively low thermal-insulation and low fire-resistance value; used in non-load-bearing walls. Gutter: a shallow channel of metal or wood set immediately below or built in along the eaves of a building to catch and carry off rainwater. Half-timbering: a method of construction composed of exposed timber framing, with the spaces filled in with brickwork or plaster. Header: the end of a brick, sometimes glazed. Hip, or Hipped, Roof: a roof that slopes back equally from each side of a building. A hip roof can have a pyramidal form or have a slight ridge. Historic: At least 50 or more years old or may have other architectural significance. Hood molding: projecting molding over a window or door opening. I-House: A two story house with a single room on each side of a center stair hall. In Situ: In the natural or original position. Italianate: An architectural style (1840-1880) Characterized by the use of heavy moldings and brackets, arched openings, cupolas or towers, and narrow single pane double-hung windows and double doors. Jamb: the vertical sides of an opening, usually for a door or window. Jerkinhead Roof: see “Clipped Gable.” Joist: one of a series of parallel timbers or beams usually set on edge, which spans a room from wall to wall to support a floor or ceiling. A beam that floorboards, ceiling boards, or plaster lathes are nailed. Knee brace: a wooden- often triangular bracket- that supports the soffits of a building. Knee brace is frequently used in the construction of Craftsman Style residences. Knee Window: a small, horizontal attic window, just below the roofline. Label Lintel: molded lintel board that extends downward part way along the sides of an opening and then outward at the ends. Lattice: a network, often diagonal, of interlocking lath or other thin strips that cross each other at regular intervals, used as screening, especially in the base of a porch. Leaded Glass: A window having small diamond-shaped or rectangular panes of glass set in lead cames. Light: a single pane of glass. Lintel: a horizontal stone, brick, cast iron, or wooden beam that spans the top of a door or window opening, carrying the weight of the structure above. Lintel board: a wooden board above window or door openings; sometimes ornamental. Louver: a series of horizontal, overlapping, downward-sloping slats, which shed rain while admitting light and air. Lunette: a semicircular or crescent shaped opening. Mansard Roof: A modification of the hip roof in which each side has two planes, the upper being shallower. This roof is characteristic of the Second Empire style. Masonry: brick, block, or stone which is secured with mortar. Massing: the overall configuration or composition of the major volumes of a building exterior.

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Modillion: a small horizontal, scrolled, block(s) or bracket(s), used in regularly spaced series to support the overhanging section of a cornice. Molding: a decorative band having a constant profile or having a pattern in low relief, generally used in cornices or as trim around openings. Monumental Portico: large, two-story high porch supported by massive freestanding columns. Mullion: a vertical member dividing a window area and forming part of the window frame. Muntins: A molding forming part of the frame of a window sash and one side of a pane. Newel Post: the principal post used to terminate the railing or balustrade of a flight of stairs. Ogee: a double curve formed by the combination of a convex and concave line, similar to an s-shape. Order: in classical architecture, the specific configuration and proportions of a column, including the base, shaft, capital, and the entablature above. Oriel Window: multi-sided window that projects from the side of a building, and whose base does not reach the ground. Palladian Window: a window design featuring a central arched opening flanked by lower square- headed openings separated from them by columns, pilasters, piers, or narrow vertical panels. Panel: a portion of a flat surface set off by molding or some other decorative device. Parapet: a low wall along a roof, or terrace directly above an outer wall that is used as decoration or protection. Paver (Brick): A vitrified brick, esp. suitable for use in pavements where resistance to abrasion is important. Paver (Tile): Unglazed porcelain or natural clay tile, formed by the dust-pressed method; similar to ceramic mosaic tile in composition and physical properties but thicker. Pavilion: section of a building façade that projects forward from the main wall. Pedestal: a support for a column, pilaster, statue, or urn. Pediment: a crowning element of porticos, pavilions, doorways, and other architectural features, usually of low triangular form, with a cornice extending across its base and carried up the raking sides; sometimes broken in the center as if to accommodate an ornament; sometimes of segmental, elliptical, or serpentine form. Piers: a masonry structure which elevates and supports a building or part of a building. Pilaster: a shallow pier or rectangular column projecting only slightly from a wall, also called an engaged column. Pilasters are usually decorated like columns with a base, shaft, and capital. Pinnacle: small, pointed ornament with square or rounded sides. Usually found crowning rooftop features. Pitch: The angle of slope to a roof plane. Porte Cohere: a projecting porch that provides protection for vehicles and people entering a building; a common feature of the early 20th century Colonial Revival and Craftsman styles. Portico: a colonnade supporting a roof at the entrance to a building together with an entablature and often a pediment. Portland Cement: very hard and strong hydraulic cement (one that hardens under water) made by heating slurry of clay and limestone in a kiln. Post: wooden porch member, usually square, turned, or chamfered. Pyramid Roof: a hipped roof over a square structure, the roof having four sides and no ridge, the slopes culminating in a peak, also called a pavilion roof. Queen Anne: An architectural style (1880-1910) characterized by multiple steep roofs, frequent use of bay windows, variety of texture, and irregularity of plan and massing. Queen Anne Window: clear-paned windows surrounded or topped by a border of small panes of stained glass. Quoin: ornamental blocks of wood, stone, brick, or stucco placed at the corners of a building and projecting slightly from the front of the façade. Rafter Tails: rafter ends that are exposed at the eaves. Rafters: structural timbers rising from the plate at the top of the wall to the ridge of the roof and supporting the roof covering. Rake board: trim members that run parallel to a roof slope and form the finish between the wall and a gable roof extension.

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Rehabilitation: The process of returning a property to a state of utility, through repair or alteration, which makes possible an efficient contemporary use while preserving those portions and features of the property which are significant to its architectural and cultural values. Re-pointing: Raking out deteriorated mortar joints and refilling them with new surface mortar to repair the joint. Returns: horizontal portions of a cornice that extend part of the way across the gable end of a structure at eave level. Reveal: the side of a recessed door or window opening. Ridge: the horizontal junction between two opposite sides of a roof, located at the highest point of the roof. Rusticated Stone: masonry or wood in which each principal face is rough or highly patterned with strongly emphasized joints to give a bold effect. Sash: the frame, usually of wood, that holds the pane(s) of glass in a window; may be moveable or fixed; may slide in a vertical plane or may be pivoted. Sawn work: Ornamentation in cutout planking, formed with a band saw. Popular in the 1880s and 90s, this decorative detailing is flat. Scale: the proportions of a building in relation to its surroundings, particularly other buildings in the surrounding context. Segmental Arch: an arch formed on a segment of a circle or an ellipse; radius is less than a semicircle. Shaft: the principal vertical part of a column, between the base and the capital. Shed Roof: a roof with a simple single slope. Shingle: a roofing unit of wood, asphalt, slate, tile, or other material cut to stock lengths, widths, and thicknesses; used as an exterior covering on roofs and applied in an overlapping fashion. Shingles can be used as a siding product. Shutters: small wooden louvered or solid panels hinged on the exterior of windows, and sometimes doors. Sidelight: a framed area of fixed glass on one or more panes positioned to either side of a door or window opening. Sill: a heavy horizontal timber positioned at the bottom of the frame of a wood structure that rests on the top of the foundation; also, the horizontal member below a door or window frame. Soffit: the exposed undersurface of any overhead component of a building, such as an arch balcony, beam, cornice, lintel, or vault. Splayed Lintel: a lintel whose ends are angled inward, such as the top is wider than the bottom. Stretcher: the long face of a brick when laid horizontally. String Course: a projecting course of bricks or other material forming a narrow horizontal strip across the wall of a building, usually to delineate the line between stories, also referred to as a belt course. Stucco: an exterior finish, usually textured, composed of Portland cement, lime, and sand mixed with water. Older-type stucco may be mixed from softer masonry cement rather than Portland cement. Surround: the frame and trim surrounding the sides and top of a window or door opening, sometimes molded. T-1-11: is a generic name for exterior grade sheathing/finish material with vertical grooves routed into it. It can be either plywood or OSB (made of woodchips), and is almost always made with formaldehyde-based glue. Terra Cotta: a ceramic material, molded decoratively and often glazed, used for facings for buildings or as inset ornament. Tongue and groove: a joinery system in which boards are milled with a tongue on one side and a groove on the other so that they can be lightly joined with a flush surface alignment. Tracery: an ornamental division of an opening, especially a large window, usually made with wood or stone. Tracery is found in buildings of Gothic influence. Transom (Over-Door Light): a narrow horizontal window unit above a door or window. Trim: the decorative framing of openings and other features on a façade. Tudor Revival: An architectural style (1890-1940) characterized by asymmetrical massing, steeply-pitched cross gable roof, decorative half-timbered patterns on the upper exterior walls, and narrow multi- pane casement windows. 71 | P a g e

Turned: fashioned on a lathe, as in baluster, newel, or porch post. Turret: a small tower usually corbelled from a corner. Valance: decorative band of open woodwork running under the roofline of a porch. Verandah: a roofed, open porch, usually covering an extensive area. Vernacular: in architecture, as in language, the nonacademic local expressions of a particular region, reflecting native or popular taste as opposed to a formal style. For example, a vernacular Greek Revival structure may exhibit forms and details that are derived from the principals of formal Classical architecture but are executed by local builders in an individual way that reflects both local or regional needs, tastes, climactic conditions, technology, and craftsmanship. Wall Dormer: steeply pitched roof dormer whose face is a continuation of the main wall of the building. Water Table: a belt course differentiating the foundation of a masonry building from its exterior walls. Weatherboard: wood siding consisting of overlapping horizontal boards usually thicker at one edge than the other.

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D. Parts of a House

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E. Suggested Plant Materials Evergreen Trees Cedrus Deodara Deodar Cedar Cryptomeria Japonica Japanese Cedar Magnolia Grandiflora Southern Magnolia Magnolia Stellata Star Magnolia Magnolia Virginiana Bay Magnolia Pinus strobus White Pine (50‟-100‟) Pinus Thunbergiana Japanese Black Pine Tsuga Canadensis Canadian Hemlock Chamaecyparis spp. False Cypress

Deciduous Trees Small Deciduous Trees (Height: 12’-30’) Acer Ginnala Amur Maple Acer griseum Paperbark Maple Acer palmatum Japanese Maple Amelanchier canadensis Serviceberry Betula populifolia Gray Birch Cercis canadensis Eastern Redbud Chionanthus virginicus Fringe Tree Cornus kousa Kousa Dogwood Cornus mas Cornelian Cherry Dogwood Cotinus coggyria Smoke Tree Crataegus phaenopyrum Washington Hawthorn Halesia Carolinia Carolina Silverbell Koelreuteria paniculata Golden Rain-Tree Lagerstromia Indica Crape Myrtle (mildew resistant varieties) Magnolia soulangiana Saucer Magnolia Malus spp. Flowering Crab Apples Oxydendrum arboreum Sourwood Prunus spp. Flowering Cherries Vitex Agnus-castus Chaste-tree

Medium Deciduous Trees (Height: 30’-50’) Acer platanoides Norway Maple Aesculus carnea Red Horse Chestnut Betula nigra River Birch Cercidiphyllum japonicum Katsura Tree Cladrastis lutea American Yellowwood Carpinus caroliniana Amercian Hornbeam (20-30‟) Carpinus betulus European Hornbeam (40-60‟) Phellodendron amurense Amur Cork Tree Prunus sargentii Sargent Cherry (40-60‟) Pyrus calleryana “Capitol” Capitol Flowering Pear Salix elegantissima Thurlow Weeping Willow Sorbus Mountain Ash Tilia cordata Littleleaf Linden 74 | P a g e

Large Deciduous Trees (Height: 50’-100’+) Acer rubrum Red Maple Acer saccharum Sugar Maple Aesculus hippocastanum Horse Chestnut Carpinus caroliniana Ironwood Carya ovata Shagbark Hickory Fagus grandifolia American Beech Fagus sylvatica European Beech Ginkgo biloba Maidenhair Tree Gleditsia Triacanthos Inermis Thornless Locust Liquidambar triloba Fruitless Sweet Gum Metasequoia glyptostroboides Dawn Redwood Nyssa sylvatica Black Tupelo Platanus occidentalis Sycamore Quercus alba White Oak Quercus phellos Willow Oak Quercos rubra Red Oak Sophora japonica Scholar Tree Tilia americana Basswood Ulmus Parvifolia Chinese Elm Zelkova serrata Japanese Zelkova

Deciduous Shrubs Weigela Florida (all Varieties) reaches 6-9 ft. tall, 9-12 ft. wide Sarcococca spp. Sweet Box (shade only) Fothergilla Major Dwarf Fothergilla Berberis thunbergii Japanese Barberry Cephalanthus occidentalis Button Bush Cornus sericea Red-Osier Dogwood Cotoneaster apiculata Cranberry Cotoneaster Euonymus alatus “Compactus” Dwarf Winged Euonymus Forsythia viridissima Dwarf Fothergilla Rosa spp. Roses Syringa spp. Lilac Viburnum spp. Viburnum Callicarpa americana Beautyberry (3‟-6‟) Spirea Prunifolia “Plena” Bridal Wreath Spirea (up to 6‟) Chaenomeles Flowering Quince (dwarf to 6‟) Hydrangea macrophylla Hydrangea (4‟-6‟) Hibicus syriacus Rose of Sharon (10‟-12‟) Calycanthus Sweet Shrub (6‟) Spirea vanhouttei Van Houtte Spirea (6‟)

Evergreen Shrubs (Various Heights) Camellia japonica Camellia (6‟-12‟) Nandina domestica Nandina (dwarf to 6‟) Rhododendron Azalea Cultivars (up to 6‟) Ilex vomitoria Yaupon Holly (up to 20‟) 75 | P a g e

Buxus sempervirens English Boxwood (6‟-20‟) Ilex meserveae Blue Hollies (6‟-20‟) Kalmia latifolia Mountain Laurel (25‟-30‟) Taxus Canadensis Canada Yew (3‟-6‟) Sarcococca spp. (Shade only) Cupressocyparis Leylandii Leyland Cypress Thuja spp. (Dwarf varieties only) Prunus Laurocerasus „Otto Luyken‟ Cherry Laurel Prunus L. Schipkaensis Skip Laurel Pinus Mugo Dwarf Pine Myrica Cerifera Wax Myrtle Mahonia (all varieties) Pieris Japonica Andromeda (shade only) Osmanthus spp. Tea Olive (all varieties) Loropetalum Chinense Loropetalum (Chinese) Ligustrum all varieties Lagerstromia Indicia all varieties (Crepe Myrtles) Juniperus Virginia Eastern Red Cedar Jasminum spp. (All varieties except climbers) Daphne Odora Daphne (shade only) Cleyera Japonica (where pruning is not needed) Aucuba Japonia (shade only) Abelia Grandiflora Sherwood, Edward Goucher, Compacta and Little Richard

Groundcovers (Height: 1’-3’) Ajuga Reptans Bugle Flower/Bugle Weed (shade only) Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Bearberry Cotoneaster dammeri Bearberry Cotoneaster Hemerocallis spp. Daylilly Hosta spp. (Shade only) Iberis sempervirens Evergreen Candytuft Juniperus horizontalis Creeping Juniper Liriope Blue or variegated (lily turf) Ophiopogon Mondo Grass (Nana dwarf) Pachysandra terminalis Japanese spurge Phlox Subulata Thrift (Spreading habit) Vinca minor Small-leafed Periwinkle

Vines Akebia quinata Five-leaf Akebia Campsis radicans Common Trumpet Creeper Clematis dioscrefolia Sweet Autumn Clematis Clematis jackmanii Jackman‟s Clematis Lonicera rankinii Fall Blooming Honeysuckle Parthenocissus tricuspidata Boston Ivy Vitis spp. Grapes

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F. Map of the Historic Districts

n Mitchell College Historic District n South Race Street Historic District n Academy Hill Historic District n Davie Ave/E. Broad St. Historic District

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Davie/Broad Street Local/National Historic District

n Mitchell College Historic District n South Race Street Historic District n Academy Hill Historic District n Davie Ave/E. Broad St. Historic District

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Mitchell College Local/National Historic District

n Mitchell College Historic District n South Race Street Historic District n Academy Hill Historic District n Davie Ave/E. Broad St. Historic District

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Race Street Local/National Historic District

n Mitchell College Historic District n South Race Street Historic District n Academy Hill Historic District n Davie Ave/E. Broad St. Historic District

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Academy Hill Local/National Historic District

n Mitchell College Historic District n South Race Street Historic District n Academy Hill Historic District n Davie Ave/E. Broad St. Historic District

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G. New Construction Materials Guide

Siding Material: Wood siding; 4-10” with beveled base measurement at ¾” and with a squared edge If corner boards are utilized, use 5/4 X 5 (4.5 total width) Fiber Cement board siding; smooth surface beveled, 5” reveal Shakes: regular cut wood; regular cut fiber cement board; crescent pattern when architecturally appropriate Masonry siding, brick, stucco, or stone

Porches: Beadboard Ceilings Tongue and Groove flooring installed flush with interior floor Tongue and Groove cellular PVC ceiling boards 6‟ minimum porch depth Wood Railings/Columns to scale Fiberglass Columns

Windows: True Divided Light insulated wood windows or aluminum clad windows Simulated divided light wood/aluminum clad windows (wood muntins on both interior and exterior with a spacer between the muntins and glass to allow for an accurate profile) 5/4 X 5 exterior casing with drip cap on top casing Standard brick mold on masonry buildings

Doors: Wood doors designed to match the architecture of the proposed building Door casing to match window casing

Roofing: Asphalt composition shingles in dark black, brown and grays (3 tab or architectural) Gutter System should be attached as needed Rafter tails are generally exposed Bead Board underlayment is generally utilized where exposed

Foundation: Brick or stone

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H. Appropriate Historic Painting Palettes

When choosing a color schemes for a façade the color wheel above can be used to find complimentary colors. In the City of Statesville, there are a variety of architectural styles. Below each of those architectural styles are listed with the appropriate color palettes for the time period.

Also included with each of the style is an example of local architectural with the specified color application. Most of the paint stores have historic color palettes that can be used as a help tool when making a façade color decision.

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Colonial (1600-1800), Georgian (1690-1830), Federal (1780-1820): Houses from this period are generally painted, white, off-white, cream or a light muted color with matching trim or sometimes a Spanish Brown. Shutters and doors were painted a dark color or stained in a natural color.

William Franklin Hall House; 203 N. Race Street

Greek Revival (1820-1850): For a wood frame Greek Revival House, the walls and trim were commonly a light color such as a white or an off-white (more rarely yellow) with a contrasting darker tone paint color on the shutters and doors.

Mitchell College, Main Building; 500 West Broad Street

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Gothic Revival (1840-1870): The use of natural earth tones was used for this style. Trim, doors and shutters were highlighted in a complementary color.

Statesville Friends Church; Broad Street Methodist Church; 441 Walnut Street 317 W. Broad Street

Italianate (1840-1880): Pale pastel wall colors accented with an even lighter trim color characterize the Italianate Style. Trim elements such as brackets, window, and door surrounds, and columns were accented through the use of a light paint color. Shutters were painted in a contrasting darker tone. Alternatively a moss green or brown color with trim in either a darker or lighter shade of body color was commonly used.

William C. Miller House; 138 N Mulberry Street J.C. Steele House; 624 S. Mulberry Street

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Queen Anne (1870-1890): Deep, rich colors such as green, rust, red and brown were used on the exterior trim and walls of Queen Anne style houses. (Darker colors may chalk and fade more than light colors). Queen Anne houses were often painted a different color on each story. The objective was to emphasize the many textures of these highly ornate structures. Decorative wood shingles were often painted a different color from the siding on the same building. Usually, the more ornate the house, the more colors were used.

Dr. Julius Lowenstein House; 221-231 Walnut Street

Victorian Vernacular (1825-1900): These simpler designed dwellings were often painted with a light color on the walls and a darker trim and window sash color or colors. A third accent color may have highlighted doors and windows.

Resnick House; 235 Walnut Street

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Colonial Revival (1880- present): The classic treatment for a Colonial Revival Style house was white paint for the body and trim and black or deep green for the front door and the shutters. Another alternative was a light color such as tan, yellow, or pale green with white or ivory trim.

Ashe House; 645 Walnut Street

Neo-classical Revival (1893-1940): Light colors such as gray, yellow, and white have been used for houses of this style with white trim still making the entire composition read as a whole. Shutters were often painted a deep green or black.

J. I. Tomlin House; 610 Walnut Street

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Bungalow (1905-1920): Natural earth tones, such as tan, green and gray and similarly colored stains were often used for this style. Color should be used to emphasize the many texture surfaces of this style.

J. B. Foster House; 423 Armfield Street Boyd House; 635 Walnut Street

Craftsman Style Bungalow (1905-1930): The name "Craftsman" comes from the title of a popular magazine published by the famous furniture designer, Gustav Stickley, between 1901 and 1916. A true Craftsman house is one that is built according to plans published in Stickley's magazine. A craftsman style house is constructed of wood, stone, or stucco siding, low-pitched roof, wide eaves with triangular brackets, exposed roof rafters, a porch with thick square or round columns, stone porch supports, exterior chimney made with stone, open floor plans (few hallways), numerous windows, some windows with stained or leaded glass, beamed ceilings, dark wood wainscoting and moldings and built-in cabinets, shelves, and seating.

M. Tharpe House; 420 West Front Street

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Color Schedule:

The color schedule is a tool to help with color placement on a house‟s façade. When beginning painting it is best to work from the top of the structure down. The following suggests an effective order of work. 1st: The main part of the house, including siding, roofing and other large surfaces 2nd: Trim the cornices, corner boards, doors, windows and dormers 3rd: Paint the porches, floor, ceiling and balustrades 4th: Paint the shutters and screens (these are painted when removed from the structure) Other tips: Always work in the shade so the paint will affectively bond with the surface and not blister. Always prime: New wood: can be primed according to the recommendations of the paint manufacturer Old wood: has to be primed where the paint has been badly weathered or where oil-based paint is used. If latex is to be the finishing coat, only the bare spots need to be primed (please note that latex paint is not recommended for exterior use over existing oil-based paints) Always caulk around doors and window frames (re-glazing the windows is required for repainting) Always mix the paint prior to opening the can

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I. Application Requirements for Quick Reference

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