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Paleobotânica E Palinologia Dos Depósitos Eopermianos

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Paleobotânica E Palinologia Dos Depósitos Eopermianos UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL INSTITUTO DE GEOCIÊNCIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GEOCIÊNCIAS PALEOBOTÂNICA E PALINOLOGIA DOS DEPÓSITOS EOPERMIANOS DO PALEOVALE MARIANA PIMENTEL, RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL (FORMAÇÃO RIO BONITO, BACIA DO PARANÁ): ANÁLISE TAXONÔMICA E BIOESTRATIGRÁFICA DAIANA ROCKENBACH BOARDMAN ORIENTADOR: Prof. Dr. Roberto Iannuzzi CO-ORIENTADOR: Prof. Dr. Paulo Alves de Souza Porto Alegre – 2011 BOARDMAN, DAIANA ROCKENBACH Paleobotânica e Palinologia dos Depósitos Eopermianos do Paleovale Mariana Pimentel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil (Formação Rio Bonito, Bacia do Paraná): Análise Taxonômica e Bioestratigráfica. / Daiana Rockenbach Boardman. - Porto Alegre: IGEO/UFRGS, 2011. [220 f]. il. Tese (Doutorado). - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Programa de Pós-graduação em Geociências. Porto Alegre, RS - BR, 2011. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Roberto Iannuzzi Co-orientador: Prof. Dr. Paulo Alves de Souza 1. Fitoestratigrafia. 2. Palinoestratigrafia. 3. Permiano Inferior. 4. Formação Rio Bonito. 5. Bacia do Paraná. I. Iannuzzi, Roberto. II. Souza, Paulo Alves de. III. Título. _____________________________________________________ Catalogação na Publicação Biblioteca do Instituto de Geociências – UFRGS Alexandre Ribas Semeler CRB 10/1900 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL INSTITUTO DE GEOCIÊNCIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GEOCIÊNCIAS PALEOBOTÂNICA E PALINOLOGIA DOS DEPÓSITOS EOPERMIANOS DO PALEOVALE MARIANA PIMENTEL, RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL (FORMAÇÃO RIO BONITO, BACIA DO PARANÁ): ANÁLISE TAXONÔMICA E BIOESTRATIGRÁFICA DAIANA ROCKENBACH BOARDMAN ORIENTADOR: Prof. Dr. Roberto Iannuzzi CO-ORIENTADOR: Prof. Dr. Paulo Alves de Souza BANCA EXAMINADORA Profa. Dra. Silvia N. Césari - Museu Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina Profa. Dra. Rosemarie Rohn – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil Profa. Dra. Tânia Lindner Dutra – Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, RS, Brasil Tese de Doutorado apresentada como requisito parcial para a obtenção do Título de Doutor em Ciências Porto Alegre – 2011 Aos meus pais, Ivone e Luiz, pelo amor e suporte incondicionais... peças-chave na construção de quem hoje sou... AGRADECIMENTOS Ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (PPGGEO/UFRGS), por meio de sua estrutura física e constituição do corpo docente. Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), pela concessão de bolsa de doutorado. Ao Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, DNPM-RJ, a Universidade de São Paulo, USP, LaViGea – Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, UNISINOS e UNIVATES por abrirem as portas de suas coleções de Paleobotânica para que este trabalho pudesse ser realizado. Aos estratígrafos Drs. Michael Holz, Claiton M. S. Scherer e Ricardo da C. Lopes por tantas discussões e aprendizados nesta ciência em que tento dar meus primeiros passos. As amigas que trago no peito desde os tempos da UNISINOS, Anamaria Stranz (Aninha) e Rosana Gandine (Gringa), Lorelai de Lima (Lori) e Nelsa Cardoso (Nelsita), onde sempre encontrei o apoio que precisava. As amigas paleobotânicas Graciela P. Tybusch, Juliana M. de Souza, Francine Kurzawe e Esther R. S. Pinheiro dividindo pequenos e grandes sentimentos no dia-a-dia. Em especial, a Graciela, sempre com um auxílio nas Glossopterídeas. Aos amigos do Laboratório de Palinologia, Eduardo Premaor, Larissa Smaniotto, Omaira Arango, Renato Backes, Rodrigo Cancelli, Thiago Fischer, Wagner Silva, Marla Saldanha, que com tanto carinho e paciência me receberam. Em especial a Cristina Félix e Ana L. Outa Mori, que, além da supervisão nos meus aprendizados palinológicos, são hoje grandes amigas. Em especial, gostaria de agradecer: Aos meus orientadores na vida profissional que se tornaram grandes amigos na vida pessoal, Dra. Tânia Lindner Dutra, que me apresentou a ciência e a Paleontologia com a magia e o romance de uma nova paixão; Dr. Roberto Iannuzzi, que me ensinou como sistematizar os conhecimentos e; Dr. Paulo Alves de Souza, que me mostrou como profissionalizá-los. Cada um ao seu modo, me auxiliando a compor a profissional que hoje sou. Aos meus pais, Luiz e Ivone, e meu irmão, Luis, pelo amor, estímulo e apoio em todos os momentos, por estarem sempre presentes na minha vida e por me fazerem sentir que sempre posso contar com vocês. Amo vocês. Ao Luciano, que depois de tantos anos reapareceu em minha vida, me ajudando a construir um amor, em que o companheirismo, a confiança, a paz e o bem estar do outro impera em nosso dia-a-dia; por trazer consigo o Adrian, que tanto alegra os nossos dias e; por edificar comigo a família que tanto sonhei... Amo vocês. PARTE I Aspectos introdutórios e Análise integrativa dos resultados 1 RESUMO Os depósitos de carvão da porção sul-brasileiria da Bacia do Paraná são conhecidos pelo seu abundante e diversificado conteúdo macroflorístico típico da “Flora Glossopteris”, reconhecida em todo o Permiano do Gondwana. Muitos trabalhos sobre esta flora foram realizados nos estratos do Rio Grande do Sul, utilizando-se para isso de diferentes ferramentas e abordagens. Contudo, a carência de informações mais detalhadas a respeito dos espécimes publicados nestas contribuições, tais como, ausência de descrições/ilustrações, listas sinonímicas, informações estratigráficas, tornou-se inviável o uso direto destes dados para as localidades de interesse desta tese. O presente estudo oferece uma análise dos dados paleobotânicos e novos registros palinológicos para o Afloramento Quitéria e a Mina do Faxinal. Além disso, realizou-se uma análise integrativa entre estas localidades e o Afloramento Morro do Papaléo, associando-se dados oriundos da fito e palinoestratigrafia, da estratigrafia de sequências e de datações radiométricas para esta porção da bacia, visando um melhor entendimento e posicionamento cronoestratigráfico dos depósitos associados aos carvões do Paleovale Mariana Pimentel. A revisão do material paleobotânico registrou 15 táxons tanto no Afloramento Quitéria quanto na Mina do Faxinal. Foi registrada a presença de alguns táxons pela primeira vez neste trabalho, como Brasilodendron sp., no nível Quitéria Base, e Glossopteris browniana e Botrychiopsis plantiana, em Quitéria Topo. Gondwanostachys australis, em Quitéria Base, foi re-avaliada em Giridia quiteriensis. A listagem atualizada dos táxons presentes possibilitou confirmar a identificação da Zona Glossopteris/Rhodeopteridium nas duas localidades. Entre os palinomorfos foram documentados 69 táxons nos níveis do Afloramento Quitéria e 45 nos níveis da Mina do Faxinal. A análise destes conjuntos indicou similaridades para as duas localidades, com o domínio de esporos perante os grãos de pólen. A presença de Protohaploxypinus limpidus e Stellapollenittes talchirensis e a abundância de Granulatisporites austroamericanus e Converrucosisporites confluens no Afloramento Quitéria e a presença de Protohaploxypinus goraiensis e Illinites unicus na Mina do Faxinal possibilitaram assinalar a Subzona Protohaploxypinus goraiensis, Base da Zona Vittatina costabilis (ZVc) para estes depósitos. Nenhum elemento diagnóstico da Subzona Hamiapollenites karroensis foi registrado. Contudo, registraram-se raros espécimes de grãos de pólen marcadores da sobrejacente Zona Lueckisporites virkkiae (ZLv), tanto em Quitéria 2 (Striatopodocarpites pantii e cf. Weylandites sp.) quanto na Mina do Faxinal (Lueckisporites virkkiae), os quais são aqui considerados como primeiros aparecimentos e característicos de um intervalo de transição entre as zonas ZVc e ZLv, corroborando trabalhos recentes. A ausência deste intervalo de transição na seção do Morro do Papaléo pode ser explicada por estar localidade encontrar-se situada na porção mais distal do paleovale, a qual teria sofrido um processo erosivo mais intenso com as mudanças do nível de base. Integrando os resultados aqui obtidos com os registrados para o Afloramento Morro do Papaléo foi possível correlacionar estratigraficamente as localidades junto a uma sequência de poços ao longo do Paleovale Mariana Pimentel. Ainda, os resultados foram comparados com os estudos recentemente realizados na região de Candiota, permitindo inferir que o limite de sequência SB3 atuou de forma diferenciada entre as duas regiões, erodindo de forma mais intensa os sedimentos no Paleovale Mariana Pimentel do que na região de Candiota. Comparando os resultados palinológicos e considerando a posição estratigráfica de cada localidade e as idades radiométricas registradas para a região de Candiota e na Mina do Faxinal, pode-se afirmar que: (I) a seção de Quitéria preservou sedimentos mais antigos em relação áqueles da região de Candiota, (II) a Mina do Faxinal preservou sedimentos levemente mais antigos em relação áqueles de Quitéria e (III) o Afloramento Morro do Papaléo registrou os níveis fossilíferos mais antigos dentre as localidades abordadas. Palavras chave: Fitoestratigrafia, Palinoestratigrafia, Permiano Inferior, Formação Rio Bonito, Bacia do Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul. 3 ABSTRACT The coal deposits of the southern-brazilian Paraná Basin are known for their content macroflorístic abundant and diversified typical of the "Flora Glossopteris", recognized throughout the Permian of Gondwana. Many work about this flora were performed in strata of Rio Grande do Sul, using for it tools and approaches different. However, the lack of more detailed information about the published specimens of these contributions, such as lack of descriptions/ illustrations, lists synonyms, stratigraphic
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