DOCSLIB.ORG

The 2009 Influenza Pandemic � an Independent Review of the UK Response to the 2009 Influenza Pandemic �

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The 2009 Influenza Pandemic � an Independent Review of the UK Response to the 2009 Influenza Pandemic � The 2009 Pandemic Influenza The 2009 Influenza Pandemic � An independent review of the UK response to the 2009 influenza pandemic � Pandemic Flu Response Review Team Dame Deirdre Hine, DBE FFPH FRCP Cabinet Office 35 Great Smith Street July 2010 London SW1P 3BQ Publication date: July 2010 © Crown copyright 2010 An independent review by Dame Deirdre Hine You may re-use this document/publication (not including the Royal Arms and other departmental or agency logos) free of charge in any format or medium. You must re-use it accurately and not in a misleading context. The material must be acknowledged as Crown copyright and you must give the title of the source document/publication. Where we have identified any third party copyright material you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. This document/publication can also be viewed on our website at www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/ukresilience/publications.aspx The material used in this publication is constituted from 75% post consumer waste and 25% virgin fibre. Ref: 400208/0710 H1N1 CASE ESTIMATES AND TIMELINE APRIL 2009 MAY 2009 JUNE 2009 JULY 2009 AUGUST 2009 SEPTEMBER 2009 OCTOBER 2009 NOVEMBER 2009 DECEMBER 2009 JANUARY 2010 FEBRUARY 2010 MARCH 2010 23 April: 1 May: 11 June: 2 July: 13 August: 10 September: 21 October: 19 November: 10 December: 7 January: 4 February: 18 March: Cases of H1N1 virus are First case of human-to-human WHO raises its pandemic alert Treatment phase begins Andy Burnham announces the The four health departments Vaccination programme begins: Phase two of vaccination programme Total UK deaths: 283 Total UK deaths: 308 Total UK deaths: 411 Total UK deaths: 457 confirmed in Mexico and the USA transmission in the UK is level to 6, the highest level identification of priority groups: release critical care strategies to front-line healthcare workers and begins: children over 6 months and 342 in England confirmed pregnant women, front-line health cope with the expected increases their patients who fall into at-risk under 5 years and social care workers, and in demand during the second categories 69 in Scotland 24 April: 14 May: 13 June: 6 July: everyone in at-risk groups (those wave of the pandemic 11 February: 28 in Wales WHO announces an outbreak of First laboratory-confirmed case Total number of UK cases reaches Total UK deaths: 10 who are at higher risk of serious 29 October: National Pandemic Flu Service human cases of H1N1 confirmed reported in Northern Ireland 1,000 illness or death should they Total UK deaths: 137 is stood down 18 in Northern Ireland in Mexico and the USA develop influenza) aged over 6 months 160,000 27 April: 15 May: 15 June: 23 July: 21 August: The first two UK cases of H1N1 Press release confirms First UK death attributed to H1N1 National Pandemic Flu Total UK deaths: 60 are confirmed in a couple from agreements to secure up to 90m Service goes live in APRIL 2010 Scotland doses of pre-pandemic vaccine England WHO raises its alert level to FCO ceases to advise against all 140,000 1 April: Phase 4 but essential travel to Mexico Antiviral medicines no longer FCO advises against all but available from national stockpiles essential travel to Mexico Antiviral collection points in England are closed 28 April: 29 May: Michael McGimpsey makes a First laboratory-confirmed case The Swine Flu Information Line statement about the outbreak to reported in Wales. Cases now 120,000 is terminated the Northern Ireland Assembly confirmed across the UK Treatment of people with flu-like WHO raises alert level from 4 to 5 symptoms returns to business as usual 29 April: Gordon Brown announces that the stockpile of antivirals will be 100,000 increased from 33.5m to 50m Alan Johnson informs the House of Commons of five confirmed cases in the UK and promises an advisory booklet drop Edwina Hart provides an update 80,000 on the situation to the Welsh Assembly Government Nicola Sturgeon updates the Scottish Parliament on the outbreak and the two confirmed cases in Scotland 60,000 First case confirmed in England; CLINICAL CASES ESTIMATED first UK school closure 30 April: H1N1 information campaign is rolled out on TV, radio and in print 40,000 media and a booklet is prepared for household delivery Estimate range1 Mid estimate 20,000 1 The method used to calculate case numbers provides a range within which the total number of cases may fall Source: HPA JUNE 2009 JULY 2009 AUGUST 2009 SEPTEMBER 2009 OCTOBER 2009 NOVEMBER 2009 DECEMBER 2009 H1N1 CASE ESTIMATES AND TIMELINE APRIL 2009 MAY 2009 JUNE 2009 JULY 2009 AUGUST 2009 SEPTEMBER 2009 OCTOBER 2009 NOVEMBER 2009 DECEMBER 2009 JANUARY 2010 FEBRUARY 2010 MARCH 2010 23 April: 1 May: 11 June: 2 July: 13 August: 10 September: 21 October: 19 November: 10 December: 7 January: 4 February: 18 March: Cases of H1N1 virus are First case of human-to-human WHO raises its pandemic alert Treatment phase begins Andy Burnham announces the The four health departments Vaccination programme begins: Phase two of vaccination programme Total UK deaths: 283 Total UK deaths: 308 Total UK deaths: 411 Total UK deaths: 457 confirmed in Mexico and the USA transmission in the UK is level to 6, the highest level identification of priority groups: release critical care strategies to front-line healthcare workers and begins: children over 6 months and 342 in England confirmed pregnant women, front-line health cope with the expected increases their patients who fall into at-risk under 5 years and social care workers, and in demand during the second categories 69 in Scotland 24 April: 14 May: 13 June: 6 July: everyone in at-risk groups (those wave of the pandemic 11 February: 28 in Wales WHO announces an outbreak of First laboratory-confirmed case Total number of UK cases reaches Total UK deaths: 10 who are at higher risk of serious 29 October: National Pandemic Flu Service human cases of H1N1 confirmed reported in Northern Ireland 1,000 illness or death should they Total UK deaths: 137 is stood down 18 in Northern Ireland in Mexico and the USA develop influenza) aged over 6 months 27 April: 15 May: 15 June: 23 July: 21 August: The first two UK cases of H1N1 Press release confirms First UK death attributed to H1N1 National Pandemic Flu Total UK deaths: 60 are confirmed in a couple from agreements to secure up to 90m Service goes live in APRIL 2010 Scotland doses of pre-pandemic vaccine England WHO raises its alert level to FCO ceases to advise against all 1 April: Phase 4 but essential travel to Mexico Antiviral medicines no longer FCO advises against all but available from national stockpiles essential travel to Mexico Antiviral collection points in England are closed 28 April: 29 May: Michael McGimpsey makes a First laboratory-confirmed case The Swine Flu Information Line statement about the outbreak to reported in Wales. Cases now is terminated the Northern Ireland Assembly confirmed across the UK Treatment of people with flu-like WHO raises alert level from 4 to 5 symptoms returns to business as usual 29 April: Gordon Brown announces that the stockpile of antivirals will be increased from 33.5m to 50m Alan Johnson informs the House of Commons of five confirmed cases in the UK and promises an advisory booklet drop Edwina Hart provides an update on the situation to the Welsh Assembly Government Nicola Sturgeon updates the Scottish Parliament on the outbreak and the two confirmed cases in Scotland First case confirmed in England; first UK school closure 30 April: H1N1 information campaign is rolled out on TV, radio and in print media and a booklet is prepared for household delivery JUNE 2009 JULY 2009 AUGUST 2009 SEPTEMBER 2009 OCTOBER 2009 NOVEMBER 2009 DECEMBER 2009 H1N1 CASE ESTIMATES AND TIMELINE APRIL 2009 MAY 2009 JUNE 2009 JULY 2009 AUGUST 2009 SEPTEMBER 2009 OCTOBER 2009 NOVEMBER 2009 DECEMBER 2009 JANUARY 2010 FEBRUARY 2010 MARCH 2010 23 April: 1 May: 11 June: 2 July: 13 August: 10 September: 21 October: 19 November: 10 December: 7 January: 4 February: 18 March: Cases of H1N1 virus are First case of human-to-human WHO raises its pandemic alert Treatment phase begins Andy Burnham announces the The four health departments Vaccination programme begins: Phase two of vaccination programme Total UK deaths: 283 Total UK deaths: 308 Total UK deaths: 411 Total UK deaths: 457 confirmed in Mexico and the USA transmission in the UK is level to 6, the highest level identification of priority groups: release critical care strategies to front-line healthcare workers and begins: children over 6 months and 342 in England confirmed pregnant women, front-line health cope with the expected increases their patients who fall into at-risk under 5 years and social care workers, and in demand during the second categories 69 in Scotland 24 April: 14 May: 13 June: 6 July: everyone in at-risk groups (those wave of the pandemic 11 February: 28 in Wales WHO announces an outbreak of First laboratory-confirmed case Total number of UK cases reaches Total UK deaths: 10 who are at higher risk of serious 29 October: National Pandemic Flu Service human cases of H1N1 confirmed reported in Northern Ireland 1,000 illness or death should they Total UK deaths: 137 is stood down 18 in Northern Ireland in Mexico and the USA develop influenza) aged over 6 months 27 April: 15 May: 15 June: 23 July: 21 August: The first two UK cases of H1N1 Press release confirms First UK death attributed to H1N1 National Pandemic Flu Total UK deaths: 60 are confirmed in a couple from agreements to secure up to 90m Service goes live in APRIL 2010 Scotland doses of pre-pandemic vaccine England WHO raises its alert level to FCO ceases to advise against all 1 April: Phase 4 but essential travel to Mexico Antiviral medicines no longer FCO advises against all but available from national stockpiles essential travel to Mexico Antiviral collection points in England are closed 28 April: 29 May: Michael McGimpsey makes a First laboratory-confirmed case The Swine Flu Information Line statement about the outbreak to reported in Wales.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dectova, INN-Zanamivir
    28 February 2019 EMA/CHMP/851480/2018 Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) Assessment report DECTOVA International non-proprietary name: zanamivir Procedure No. EMEA/H/C/004102/0000 Note Assessment report as adopted by the CHMP with all information of a commercially confidential nature deleted. Official address Domenico Scarlattilaan 6 ● 1083 HS Amsterdam ● The Netherlands Address for visits and deliveries Refer to www.ema.europa.eu/how-to-find-us Send us a question Go to www.ema.europa.eu/contact Telephone +31 (0)88 781 6000 An agency of the European Union © European Medicines Agency, 2019. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Table of contents 1. Background information on the procedure .............................................. 7 1.1. Submission of the dossier ...................................................................................... 7 1.2. Steps taken for the assessment of the product ......................................................... 9 2. Scientific discussion .............................................................................. 12 2.1. Problem statement ............................................................................................. 12 2.1.1. Disease or condition ......................................................................................... 12 2.1.2. Epidemiology .................................................................................................. 12 2.1.3. Biologic features .............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • From the Chief Medical Officer Dr Michael Mcbride by EMAIL To: All
    From the Chief Medical Officer Dr Michael McBride BY EMAIL Castle Buildings Stormont Estate To: All NI Departments through the Civil BELFAST Contingencies Group, for onward distribution to BT4 3SQ all public authorities Tel: 028 9052 0563 Email: [email protected] Your Ref: Our Ref: Date: 26 February 2020 Dear Colleagues CORONAVIRUS: (A) KEY PUBLIC HEALTH ADVICE (B) ACTION TO BE TAKEN BY PUBLIC AUTHORITIES 1 This letter updates the advice given in my letter of 6 February to all NI Departments and their public authorities, to reflect the recent changes in the case definition including reference to northern Italy. This letter supersedes the letter of 6 February. The purpose is to enable all NI Executive Departments and public authorities to prepare to respond to any and all potential eventualities arising from the current novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. It is essential that all Departments are assured that proportionate, appropriate and efficient arrangements are in place that are consistent with the key public health messages about novel coronavirus. 2 Each NI Department is asked to ensure that the letter is distributed to each public authority that they sponsor, including schools. Coronavirus: key facts 3 Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses, some of which cause illness in people, ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as MERS and SARS. As a group, coronaviruses are common across the world. The 2019 novel Coronavirus strain, now officially designated COVID-19 by the World Health Organisation, is a strain not previously seen in humans. On 31 December 2019 Chinese authorities notified the WHO of an outbreak of viral pneumonia in Wuhan City.
    [Show full text]
  • From the Chief Medical Officer Dr Michael Mcbride HSS(MD)93/2020
    From the Chief Medical Officer Dr Michael McBride HSS(MD)93/2020 Castle Buildings Stormont Estate FOR ACTION BELFAST Chief Executives, Public Health Agency/Health and Social BT4 3SQ Care Board/HSC Trusts/ NIAS Tel: 028 9052 0563 GP Medical Advisers, Health & Social Care Board Email: [email protected] All General Practitioners and GP Locums (for onward distribution to practice staff) OOHs Medical Managers (for onward distribution to staff) Our Ref: HSS(MD)93/2020 RQIA Date: 30 December 2020 PLEASE SEE ATTACHED FULL CIRCULATION LIST Dear Colleague DEPLOYMENT OF THE ASTRAZENECA COVID-19 VACCINE IN NORTHERN IRELAND AND UPDATED JCVI ADVICE ON COVID-19 VACCINES ACTION REQUIRED Chief Executives must ensure this information is drawn to the attention of all staff involved in the COVID-19 vaccination programme. The PHA must ensure this information is cascaded to their staff working on COVID-19 vaccine deployment and the health protection team. The HSCB must ensure this information is cascaded to all General Practitioners and practice managers for onward distribution to all staff involved in the COVID-19 vaccination programme. INTRODUCTION 1. You will be aware that on 30 December the COVID-19 vaccine developed by AstraZeneca/Oxford, was granted approval for use following a thorough review carried out by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). In addition to this announcement the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) have also issued further updated advice in relation to the COVID-19 vaccination programme. 2. This letter sets out a broad overview of how the AstraZeneca vaccine will be deployed and highlights some of the updated advice from JCVI, particularly in relation to the intervals between doses of the Pfizer/BioNTech or AstraZeneca vaccines.
    [Show full text]
  • Open Letter to the ICO, Cmos and UK Data Providers: Reducing Barriers to Data Access for Research in the Public Interest – Lessons from COVID-19
    Open letter to the ICO, CMOs and UK data providers: Reducing barriers to data access for research in the public interest – lessons from COVID-19 Dear Ms Elizabeth Denham CBE, Prof Sir Chris Whitty, Dr Frank Atherton, Dr Gregor Smith, Dr Michael McBride, Ms Sarah Wilkinson, Rt Hon. Gavin Williamson MP, Sir Ian Diamond, Prof David Ford, Prof Kerina Jones, Prof Ronan Lyons, Ms Siobhan Carey CBE, Mr Roger Halliday, Mr Frank Hester OBE, Dr Janet Valentine, and Mr Duncan Selbie, Letter sent by email on 6th July 2020 The COVID-19 outbreak has sparked increased awareness of the importance of timely, system-wide data for examining trends and modelling different scenarios to inform policy response.1-5 The scale and speed of data access and use has been unprecedented in public health history. Pre-print articles sharing results before peer review have proliferated (with implications for research quality6 7) and over 500 vaccine and treatment clinical trials have been initiated in record time.8 The entire economy of knowledge production related to COVID-19 has been accelerated, with the understanding that, if we wait for perfect information before acting, we will be too late. COVID-19 is providing valuable lessons on improving data access and the importance of using data for efficient and effective service response. This situation contrasts sharply with the cumbersome processes usually faced by researchers using administrative (or routinely-collected) health data to inform policy-making on other topics, resulting from systems that are not purpose-built for research and summarised by four key obstacles. First, the cost of using administrative data is prohibitive.
    [Show full text]
  • Efficacy of Baloxavir Marboxil on Household Transmission Of
    Umemura et al. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences (2020) 6:21 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40780-020-00178-4 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Efficacy of baloxavir marboxil on household transmission of influenza infection Takumi Umemura1,2* , Yoshikazu Mutoh2, Takato Kawamura1, Masayuki Saito1, Takahito Mizuno1, Aiko Ota1, Koji Kozaki1, Tetsuya Yamada1, Yoshiaki Ikeda3 and Toshihiko Ichihara2 Abstract Background: Baloxavir marboxil (baloxavir) is a new anti-influenza virus agent that is comparable to oseltamivir phosphate (oseltamivir). Since the efficacy of baloxavir in preventing household transmission of influenza is not well established, we compared the secondary household influenza virus transmission rates between patients on baloxavir vs oseltamivir. Methods: Between October 2018 and March 2019, we enrolled index patients (diagnosed with influenza and treated with baloxavir or oseltamivir) and household members. The secondary attack rate of household members was compared between index patients treated with baloxavir vs oseltamivir. Risk factors of household transmission were determined using multivariate logistic analyses. Results: In total, 169 index patients with influenza type A were enrolled. The median age was 27.0 (interquartile range; 11–57) years. The number of index patients treated with baloxavir and oseltamivir was 49 and 120, respectively. The secondary attack rate was 9.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.6–15.6) in the baloxavir group and 13.5% (95% CI: 9.8–17.9) in the oseltamivir group. In the multivariate analysis, independent risk factors were 0–6 years of age (odds ratio [OR] 2.78, 95% CI: 1.33–5.82, p < 0.01) and not being on baloxavir treatment.
    [Show full text]
  • Medical Research Council Annual Report and Accounts 2006/07 HC 93
    06/07 Annual Report and Accounts © Crown Copyright 2006 The text in this document (excluding any Royal Arms and departmental logos) may be reproduced free of charge in any format or medium providing that it is reproduced accurately and not used in a misleading context. The material must be acknowledged as Crown copyright and the title of the document specified. Any queries relating to the copyright in this document should be addressed to The Licensing Division, HMSO, St Clements House, 2-16 Colegate, Norwich, NR3 1BQ. Fax: 01603 723000 or e-mail: licensing@cabinet-office.x.gsi.gov.uk 2 MRC Annual Report and Accounts 2006/07 Medical Research Council Annual Report and Accounts 2006/07 Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State, and by the Comptroller and Auditor General in pursuance of Schedule I, Sections 2(2) and 3(3) of the Science and Technology Act 1965. Sir John Chisholm Chairman Professor Sir Leszek Borysiewicz Deputy Chairman and Chief Executive Ordered by and printed on London: The Stationery Office 6 February 2008 Price: £18.55 HC 93 The Medical Research Council The MRC RCUK The Medical Research Council (MRC) was set up in 1913 to administer Research Councils UK (RCUK) is a partnership of the seven (formerly public funds for medical research. It was incorporated under its eight) UK Research Councils – public bodies funded mainly by the UK present title by Royal Charter in 1920. A supplemental charter was Government via OSI. granted in 1993 describing the MRC’s new mission following the 1993 government white paper on science and technology.
    [Show full text]
  • Supporting Doctors Throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic
    12 January 2021 Supporting doctors throughout the COVID-19 pandemic Dear Colleagues This year has started in a way we could all have barely imagined 12 months ago, and we wanted to write to thank all of you for your immense efforts. After the long ordeal of last year, we enter the New Year with the real hope that vaccination offers to control COVID and the very substantial impact that it has had on health, lives and livelihoods but with a significant surge in cases to deal with before that begins to take effect. There are many weeks ahead that are likely to be among the most challenging of all our professional lives. Doctors will be faced with many professional dilemmas and some may be pushed to the limits of physical and mental endurance. Please look after your colleagues - protracted, relentless crises are often much more draining than short intense ones. We wrote to you during the first wave of COVID-19 last Spring and again in the Autumn when infections once again began to rise. Those letters contained important advice concerning the application of clinical decisions in extreme circumstances and we would encourage you to read them if you have not already done so. We also append them for your information. Our view remains that clinical decision making must remain anchored in the principles of Good Medical Practice. This means it must also rightly take into account the realities of the situation in which we find ourselves. We would emphasise once again that a rational approach to varying practice in an emergency is part of a doctor’s professional response, and we would expect you to be professionally supported to do this.
    [Show full text]
  • View Full Issue
    Volume 31, Issue 2, December 2015 ISSN 0204-8809 ACTA MICROBIOLOGICA BULGARICA Bulgarian Society for Microbiology Union of Scientists in Bulgaria Acta Microbiologica Bulgarica The journal publishes editorials, original research works, research reports, reviews, short communications, letters to the editor, historical notes, etc from all areas of microbiology An Official Publication of the Bulgarian Society for Microbiology (Union of Scientists in Bulgaria) Volume 31 / 2 (2015) Editor-in-Chief Angel S. Galabov Press Product Line Sofia Editor-in-Chief Angel S. Galabov Editors Maria Angelova Hristo Najdenski Editorial Board I. Abrashev, Sofia S. Aydemir, Izmir, Turkey L. Boyanova, Sofia E. Carniel, Paris, France M. Da Costa, Coimbra, Portugal E. DeClercq, Leuven, Belgium S. Denev, Stara Zagora D. Fuchs, Innsbruck, Austria S. Groudev, Sofia I. Iliev, Plovdiv A. Ionescu, Bucharest, Romania L. Ivanova, Varna V. Ivanova, Plovdiv I. Mitov, Sofia I. Mokrousov, Saint-Petersburg, Russia P. Moncheva, Sofia M. Murdjeva, Plovdiv R. Peshev, Sofia M. Petrovska, Skopje, FYROM J. C. Piffaretti, Massagno, Switzerland S. Radulovic, Belgrade, Serbia P. Raspor, Ljubljana, Slovenia B. Riteau, Marseille, France J. Rommelaere, Heidelberg, Germany G. Satchanska, Sofia E. Savov, Sofia A. Stoev, Kostinbrod S. Stoitsova, Sofia T. Tcherveniakova, Sofia E. Tramontano, Cagliari, Italy A. Tsakris, Athens, Greece F. Wild, Lyon, France Vol. 31, Issue 2 December 2015 ACTA MICROBIOLOGICA BULGARICA CONTENTS Review Articles Biohydrometallurgy in Bulgaria - Achievements and
    [Show full text]
  • Committee for Health Minutes
    Northern Ireland Assembly COMMITTEE FOR HEALTH MINUTES OF PROCEEDINGS Thursday, 3 December 2020 Senate Chamber, Parliament Buildings Present: Mr Colm Gildernew (Chairperson) Ms Pam Cameron MLA (Deputy Chairperson) Ms Paula Bradshaw MLA Mr Jonathan Buckley MLA Mr Gerry Carroll MLA Mr Alan Chambers MLA Ms Órlaithí Flynn MLA Mr Colin McGrath MLA* Mr Pat Sheehan MLA* In Attendance: Ms Éilis Haughey (Clerk) Mr Jonathan Lamont (Clerical Supervisor) *These Members attended the meeting via video-conference. The meeting commenced at 8.46 am in public session. 1. Apologies None. The Committee agreed to move to agenda item 5. 2. COVID-19 Disease Response - Ministerial update The Minister of Health, Mr Robin Swann MLA, and the following Department of Health officials joined the meeting via video-conference at 8.46 am: Dr Michael McBride, Chief Medical Officer; and Ms Patricia Donnelly, Head of COVID-19 Vaccination Programme. The Minister provided an update on the Department of Health’s response and planning in relation to COVID-19 and Ms Donnelly provided an update on the vaccination programme. 1 Mr Pat Sheehan joined the meeting at 8.58 am. Mr Gerry Carroll joined the meeting at 9.07 am. The briefing was followed by a question and answer session. The Chairperson thanked the Minister and officials for their attendance. The briefing session was reported by Hansard. The Committee noted correspondence from the Minister of Health, providing a copy of a presentation on the COVID-19 Vaccination Programme provided to the Executive at its meeting on Thursday, 26 November. The Committee noted correspondence from the Minister of Health, providing information requested by the Committee relating to the establishment of the Whiteabbey Nightingale Facility.
    [Show full text]
  • Oseltamivir, Zanamivir and Amantadine in the Prevention of Influenza: a Systematic Review
    Journal of Infection (2011) 62,14e25 www.elsevierhealth.com/journals/jinf Oseltamivir, zanamivir and amantadine in the prevention of influenza: A systematic review Rachel J. Jackson a,*, Katy L. Cooper a, Paul Tappenden a, Angie Rees b, Emma L. Simpson a, Robert C. Read c, Karl G. Nicholson d a Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK b School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK c Department of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Rd, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK d Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK Accepted 5 October 2010 Available online 13 October 2010 KEYWORDS Summary Objective: To systematically review evidence relating to the clinical efficacy of Influenza; oseltamivir, zanamivir and amantadine in the prevention of influenza. Prophylaxis; Methods: RCTs evaluating these interventions in seasonal prophylaxis and post-exposure pro- Prevention; phylaxis were identified using electronic bibliographic databases and handsearching of Amantadine; retrieved articles. Oseltamivir; Results: Oseltamivir was effective in preventing symptomatic laboratory-confirmed influenza Zanamivir; (SLCI) in seasonal prophylaxis in healthy adults and at-risk elderly subjects and in post-expo- Neuraminidase sure prophylaxis within households of mixed composition. Post-exposure prophylaxis using inhibitor; oseltamivir for paediatric contacts was observed to prevent SLCI. Zanamivir prevented M2 inhibitor; SLCI in seasonal prophylaxis in healthy adults, at-risk adults and adolescents and in post-expo- Systematic review sure prophylaxis within mixed households, with a trend for seasonal and post-exposure preven- tative effects in elderly subjects.
    [Show full text]
  • State of Connecticut-Department of Social Services
    STATE OF CONNECTICUT-DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES 55 FARMINGTON AVENUE, HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT 06105 Connecticut AIDS Drug Assistance Program (CADAP) Formulary Effective: March 1, 2018 Antiretroviral: Multiclass Single Tablet Regimens Abacavir/ Lamivudine/ Dolutegravir Efavirenz/Emtricitabine/ Tenofovir Disoproxil Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/ Emtricitabine/Tenofovir ( Triumeq ) Fumarate (Atripla ) Disoproxil Fumarate (Stribild ) Bictegravir/ Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Emtricitabine/Rilpivirine/ Tenofovir Disoproxil Alafenamide (Biktarvy) Alafenamide (Genvoya ) Fumarate (Complera ) Antiretroviral: Combination Medications Abacavir /Lamivudine (Epzicom) Atazanavir/Cobicistat (Evotaz) Lamivudine/Zidovudine (Combivir) Abacavir/Lamivudine/ Zidovudine Darunavir/Cobicistat (Prezcobix) Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra) (Trizivir) Emtricitabine/Tenofovir (Truvada) Antiretrovirals: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTIs) Medications Abacavir (Ziagen) Emtricitabine (Emtriva) Tenofovir DF (Viread) Didanosine (ddI, Videx, Videx EC) Lamivudine (3TC, Epivir, Epivir HBV ) Zidovudine (AZT, Retrovir ) Stavudine (Zerit) Antiretrovirals: Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTIs) Medications Delavirdine Mesylate (Rescriptor) Etravirine (Intelence) Rilpivirine (Edurant) Efavirenz (Sustiva) Nevirapine ( Viramune/Viramune XR ) Antiretrovirals: Protease Inhibitor (PIs) Medications Atazanavir Sulfate (Reyataz) Indinavir (Crixivan) Ritonavir (Norvir) Darunavir (Prezista) Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra)
    [Show full text]
  • Peramivir (Rapivab®) National Drug Monograph March 2015
    Peramivir (RAPIVAB)Monograph Peramivir (Rapivab®) National Drug Monograph March 2015 VA Pharmacy Benefits Management Services, Medical Advisory Panel, and VISN Pharmacist Executives The purpose of VA PBM Services drug monographs is to provide a comprehensive drug review for making formulary decisions. Updates will be made when new clinical data warrant additional formulary discussion. Documents will be placed in the Archive section when the information is deemed to be no longer current. FDA Approval Information Description/Mechanism of Peramivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor with activity against influenza A and B Action viruses. Indication(s) Under Review in Peramivir is indicated for the treatment of acute, uncomplicated influenza in this document (may include patients 18 years and older who have been symptomatic for no more than two off label) days. Please note the prescribing information states the following limitations of use: • Efficacy based on clinical trials in which the predominant influenza virus type was influenza A; a limited number of subjects infected with influenza B virus were enrolled. • Consider available information on influenza drug susceptibility patterns and treatment effects when deciding whether to use. • Efficacy could not be established in patients with serious influenza requiring hospitalization. Dosage Form(s) Under 200mg single-use 20 mL vial (10mg/mL) for injection Review REMS REMS No REMS Postmarketing Requirements Pregnancy Rating Pregnancy Category C Executive Summary Efficacy Approval of peramivir was based upon a single pivotal Phase 2 trial, two supporting Phase 2 trials, and one supporting Phase 3 trial (refer to Table 1) evaluating adult patients with acute, uncomplicated influenza who presented within 48 hours of symptom onset; all trials were randomized, multicentered, double-blind, and placebo-controlled.
    [Show full text]