Lovedean Energy Storage Site Waterlooville Hampshire

Lovedean Energy Storage Site Waterlooville

Hampshire Archaeological Evaluation

for Anesco Limited

CA Project: 770764 CA Report: 18321

June 2018

Lovedean Energy Storage Site Waterlooville Hampshire

Archaeological Evaluation

CA Project: 770764 CA Report: 18321

Document Control Grid Revision Date Author Checked by Status Reasons for Approved revision by A 20-06-18 M. Nichol Oliver Good Internal General Edit Richard Review Greatorex

This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.

CONTENTS

SUMMARY ...... 2

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 3

2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ...... 5

3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ...... 8

4. METHODOLOGY ...... 8

5. RESULTS (FIGS 2-5) ...... 9

6. THE FINDS ...... 11

7. THE PALAEO-ENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE ...... 11

8. DISCUSSION ...... 12

9. CA PROJECT TEAM ...... 13

10. REFERENCES ...... 13

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS – ARCHAEOLOGY HIGHLIGHTED BOLD . 14

APPENDIX B: THE FINDS ...... 19

APPENDIX C: THE PALAEO-ENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE ...... 20

APPENDIX D: OASIS REPORT FORM ...... 21

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure 1 Site location plan (1:25,000) Figure 2 Trench location plan showing archaeological features (1:1250) Figure 3 Extract from c.1838 Catherington Tithe Map Figure 4 Trench 2: photograph (Tree bowl 203) Figure 5 Trench 2: photograph (Ditch 205) Figure 6 Trench 5: section and photograph (Pit 505)

1 © Cotswold Archaeology Lovedean Energy Storage Site, Waterlooville, Hants: Archaeological Evaluation

SUMMARY

Project Name: Lovedean Energy Storage Site Location: Waterlooville, Hampshire NGR: 467589 113239 Type: Trial Trench Evaluation Date: 11-13 June 2018 Planning Reference: 57524/001/FUL Location of Archive: Hampshire Cultural Trust Site Code: ESS 18

An archaeological trial trench evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology (CA) in June 2108 at Lovedean Energy Storage Site, Waterlooville, Hampshire. Seven trenches were machine excavated.

A ditch was found in Trench 2 and a large pit and a ditch were found in Trench 5. Finds recovered from the Site are likely to be residual.

The ditch found in Trench 2 is positioned on a similar projected alignment to the ditch found in Trench 5. Based on their morphology and fill characteristics, both ditches may represent the remains of a former north-east / south-west orientated field boundary ditch defining a smaller enclosed area of agricultural land visible on historic mapping and suggested by the Hampshire Historic Landscape Assessment project. The ditches are likely to date to the medieval period.

The function of the large pit found in Trench 5 remains uncertain and although prehistoric pottery was recovered from it, this is most likely residual and the pit probably represents a quarry pit utilised for the extraction and production of lime. Numerous “chalk pits” are recorded in the area on 19th century historic mapping and several are visible on Lidar imagery. The pit is likely to date to the post-medieval or modern period. Numerous tree- bowls were also found during the trial trench evaluation.

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 In June 2018 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological trial trench evaluation for Anesco Limited at Lovedean Energy Storage Site, Waterlooville, Hampshire (centred at NGR: 467589 113239), and hereafter referred to as the Site (see Figure 1).

1.2 Planning permission for Installation of two energy storage systems and associated infrastructure with a total capacity of 49.95MW was granted by East Hampshire District Council (ref: 57524/001/FUL), conditional on a programme of archaeological work etc.

Condition 6 That no development shall take place until the applicant has secured the implementation of a programme of archaeological assessment in accordance with a Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) that has been submitted to and approved by the Planning Authority in order to recognise, characterise and record any archaeological features and deposits that may exist here. The assessment should take the form of trial trenches located across the proposed site footprint.

Reason - To assess the extent, nature and date of any archaeological deposits that might be present and the impact of the development upon these heritage assets.

Condition 7 That no development shall take place until the applicant has secured the implementation of a programme of archaeological mitigation of impact, based on the results of the trial trenching, in accordance with a Written Scheme of Investigation that has been submitted to and approved by the Planning Authority.

Reason - To mitigate the effect of the works associated with the development upon any heritage assets and to ensure that information regarding these heritage assets is preserved by record for future generations.

Condition 8 Following completion of archaeological fieldwork a report will be produced in accordance with an approved programme including where appropriate post-

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excavation assessment, specialist analysis and reports, publication and public engagement.

Reason - To contribute to our knowledge and understanding of our past by ensuring that opportunities are taken to capture evidence from the historic environment and to make this publicly available.

1.3 The archaeological evaluation was carried out in accordance with a Written Scheme of Investigation: Archaeological Field Evaluation (WSI) (CA, 2018) and approved by Neil Adam, Senior Archaeologist for Hampshire County Council (HCC) and archaeological advisor to Hampshire County Council (HCC) prior to the commencement of fieldwork. The fieldwork also followed the Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Field Evaluation (CIfA 2014), the Management of Archaeological Projects 2 (English Heritage 1991), the Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MORPHE): Project Manager’s Guide (EH 2006). The trial trench evaluation was managed Cotswold Archaeology (CA) Project Manager Oliver Good. The groundwork was monitored by Neil Adam (HCC). All machined trenches were backfilled and reinstatement was completed to the satisfaction of the Client.

The site 1.4 The Site is situated approximately 900m to the north-west of the village of Lovedean, on the north-western margins of Waterlooville. Situated within an irregular parcel of land, the Site measures approximately 2.59ha in extent encompassing the access trackway connected with Broadway Lane in the east. An electrical substation lies to the north of the Site, while to the south and west agricultural fields, with Broadway Farm located immediately to the south-east. A small area of woodland named Crabdens Copse lies immediately to the north-west. The Site is currently under arable cultivation, with the field’s northern, eastern and western boundaries defined by hedgerows interspersed with mature trees. The southern boundary is undefined and opens onto a footpath.

1.5 The Site occupies a gentle south facing slope, with the land rising from an elevation of around 77m above Ordnance Datum (aOD) in the south-west, to 86m aOD in the north-east. To the north of the Site are the hills of the Hampshire Downs, with considerably flatter, lower-lying ground situated to the south. The landscape to the north and west is largely agricultural in character, comprising predominantly arable

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fields punctuated by small pockets of woodland and isolated farmsteads. The built up, conjoining settlements of Waterlooville, Horndean and Lovedean dominate the wider surroundings of the Site to the east and south.

1.6 The underlying geology of the Site comprises chalk of the Tarrant Chalk Member a sedimentary bedrock formed approximately 71 to 84 million years ago in the Cretaceous Period. No overlying superficial deposits are recorded (British Geological Survey 2018).

2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

2.1 The archaeological background given below is a succinct summary of a Historical Desk Based Assessment (DBA) of the Site by Cotswold Archaeology (2017);

Prehistoric 2.2 No evidence for Palaeolithic activity has been recorded within the vicinity of the Site and Mesolithic activity within the Site’s environs is limited to the chance finds of isolated worked flint finds, recovered during fieldwalking c. 870m north-west of the Site.

2.3 A small assemblage of residual Neolithic worked flint was recovered during excavations in association with the Lovedean Substation Extension, c. 220m northwest of the Site (CA 2014), but there is no other known activity within the vicinity.

2.4 Evidence of Bronze Age funerary activity was recorded during the excavations at the Lovedean Substation Extension, c. 220m north-west of the Site (Cotswold Archaeology 2014). During these investigations three bucket urns belonging to the Deverel-Rimbury tradition of the Middle Bronze Age were found within separate, isolated pits. Two of the vessels contained cremated human bone, while the third was filled with a charcoal-rich deposit thought to have originated from pyre debris. Several sherds of residual Bronze Age pottery were also found within a later feature, and may have derived from a nearby associated settlement (ibid). The cremation burials were dispersed across the excavated area, with no defined limits of the apparent cemetery site identified. It was, however, thought that the cemetery was likely to be of a small scale (ibid). A possible Bronze Age ring-ditch, presumed to

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represent the ploughed-out remains of round barrow, has been identified on aerial photographs c. 860m to the north-west of the Site.

2.5 A series of linear and curvilinear cropmarks identified on aerial photographs c. 1km north-west of the Site are, although not verified through investigation, suggested to be of late prehistoric (i.e. Bronze Age or Iron Age) origin. Further complexes of undated cropmarks, including rectilinear enclosures and linear features recorded c. 180m and 930m north of the Site, and c. 1km to the north-east, also potentially relate to later prehistoric occupation, although they may equally be of later date.

2.6 Iron Age activity within the study area is otherwise represented by pottery sherds recovered during fieldwalking c. 980m north-west of the Site.

2.7 Whilst the date and function is unknown, the chance find of fragments of a quernstone, recorded c. 810m north-west of the Site, are possibly associated with prehistoric activity.

2.8 Within the study area, the remains of an undated rectangular enclosure were recorded c. 930m north-east of the Site. Whilst it has been postulated that these remains could relate to woodland features in the vicinity, its location within an area of prehistoric agricultural activity, evident in the number of visible crop marks, cannot be ignored.

Romano-British 2.9 No evidence of Roman activity has been recorded within the Site, and within the study area such evidence is limited to a small assemblage of Romano-British pottery, along with two fragments of tegula, recovered within a pit or ditch-like feature during excavations at the Lovedean Substation Extension, c. 220m northwest of the Site.

Early medieval and medieval 2.10 No remains of early medieval date are recorded within the vicinity of the Site, with the nearest known settlement of this period recorded at Hambledon, located c. 3.2km to the north-west of the Site.

2.11 Following on from the Norman Conquest in the 11th century, the Site fell within the historic parish of Catherington, recorded in the Domesday Survey of 1086 as

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Ceptune forming part of the manor of Chalton. During the medieval period, the Site and its surroundings fell within the bounds of the Royal Forest of Bere, which, having been previously used as a Saxon hunting ground. There is no known archaeological evidence of medieval settlement within the Site or study area. There is, however, documentary evidence suggesting that the local landscape is likely to have comprised one of dispersed farmsteads and small, nucleated hamlets and villages, focused primarily in river valleys and at the edges of assarted woodland (Hampshire County Council 2010). Recorded as part of the RCHME Medieval Settlements Project, evidence of such settlement activity includes Broadway Farm, situated c. 270m south-east of the Site. Originating in the medieval period, Broadway Farm is recorded Brodweye in AD 1350. Within the study area Hinton Daubney was first recorded as Henton in AD 1167, c. 720m north-east of the Site, and Lovedean, c. 920m to the south-east, was first documented in AD 1350 as Levedent, meaning ‘Leofa’s valley’.

2.12 Further evidence indicative of settlement activity comprises the postulated site of a medieval chapel, believed to be attached to Hambledon Church near Denmead Old Mill, c. 920m north-west of the Site. Whilst no structural remains of a chapel have been identified, a number of graves have reportedly been found within the vicinity of the mill.

Post-medieval and modern 2.13 The Site appears to have remained within a predominantly rural landscape throughout the post-medieval period. Post-medieval development within the study area is represented predominantly by 17th and 18th century farmhouses and cottages, including the Grade II Listed Ludmore Cottages, No.’s 224 and 226 Lovedean, The Old Thatched Cottage, and Denmead Farmhouse. The site of a former windmill of early post-medieval date is also recorded at Old Mill House, c. 980m north-west of the Site; whilst the windmill was demolished in the late 19th century fragments of the base and outer walls remain extent.

2.14 In the late 18th century, the manor of Lovedean, within which the Site is thought to have been situated, was incorporated into the neighbouring estate of Hinton Daubney. During this period, a landscape park was established surrounding the Hinton Daubney manor house, c. 770m north-west of the Site, and is depicted on early 19th century mapping as an area of formal plantings and gardens.

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3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

3.1 The objectives of the evaluation were to provide information about the archaeological resource within the Site, including its presence/absence, character, extent, date, integrity, state of preservation and quality. In accordance with the Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Field Evaluation (CIfA 2014), the evaluation was designed to be minimally intrusive and minimally destructive to archaeological remains. The information gathered will enable Hampshire County Council to identify and assess the particular significance of any heritage asset, consider the impact of the proposed development upon it, and to avoid or minimise conflict between the heritage asset’s conservation and any aspect of the development proposal, in line with the National Planning Policy Framework (DCLG 2012).

3.2 If significant archaeological remains are identified, reference will be made to the appropriate research framework, with reference, i.e. Solent-Thames Archaeological Research Framework (Chapters published 2006-2009) [further details of the regional research frameworks available can be found at http://www.algao.org.uk/england/research_frameworks], so that the remains can, if possible, be placed within their local and regional context.

4. METHODOLOGY

4.1 A total of seven trial trenches (Trenches 1 – 7) were machine excavated at the Site in June 2018. All trenches measured approximately 30m x 1.8m (see Figure 2).

4.2 Trench 5 was moved to the north of Trench 2 approximately 25m to the east of its original trench location due to the presence of unknown buried services in the vicinity and Trench 6 was moved approximately 30m north and Trench 7 was moved northwards several metres from their original trench locations due to an overhanging tree canopy situated along the line of the proposed construction site access route (see Figure 2).

4.3 Excavated trial trenches were set out on OS National Grid (NGR) co-ordinates using Leica GPS. The final completed trench survey was recorded using Leica GPS in accordance with CA Technical Manual 4 Survey Manual.

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4.4 All trenches were excavated by mechanical excavator equipped with a toothless grading bucket. All machine excavation was undertaken under constant archaeological supervision to the top of the first significant archaeological horizon or the natural substrate, whichever was encountered first. Where archaeological deposits were encountered they were excavated by hand in accordance with CA Technical Manual 1: Fieldwork Recording Manual.

4.5 Due regard for known services was undertaken prior to, during excavation and upon completion of the work at the Site. All work was undertaken in accordance with the Health & Safety at Work Act 1974 and Safe Systems of Work for – Excavations, Working Outdoors, Avoiding Overhead Services & Underground Services, Asbestos and Substances/Contaminated ground and correct PPE worn at all times.

4.6 Deposits were assessed for their biological potential in accordance with CA Technical Manual 2: The Taking and Processing of Environmental and Other Samples from Archaeological Sites; a single sample was processed. Artefacts were recovered and processed in accordance with Technical Manual 3 Treatment of Finds Immediately after Excavation.

4.7 The archive is currently held by CA at their office in Andover. Subject to the agreement of the legal landowner, the site archive will be deposited with Hampshire Cultural Trust. A summary of information from this project, set out within Appendix D, will be entered onto the OASIS online database of archaeological projects in Britain.

5. RESULTS (FIGURES 2-5)

5.1 This section provides an overview of the evaluation results; detailed summaries of the recorded contexts and the finds are contained within Appendices A, B & C respectively.

5.2 Seven trial trenches (Trenches 1 – 7) were machine excavated at the Site in June 2018. Archaeological features were identified during the trial trench evaluation within two trenches; Trenches 2 and 5 (see Figure 2).

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5.3 No archaeological features or deposits were found during the trial trench evaluation within five trenches; Trenches 1, 3, 4, 6 and 7 (see Figure 2).

5.4 Artefact evidence was recovered from Trench 5 (see Figure 2).

5.5 A total of ten tree-bowls with similar fills were identified within four trenches; Trenches 1, 2, 4 and 6 (see Figure 2).

Trench 2 (Figures 2, 4 & 5) 5.6 Trench 2 was located to the west within the Site and contained a single archaeological feature; Ditch 205. A natural feature was also found within the trench; Tree-bowl 203.

5.7 Ditch 205 was broadly linear in plan, orientated north-east/south-west and measured 0.46m wide and with a depth of 0.21m. The ditch comprised gradual sides and a flat base and contained a single mid reddish brown sandy clay fill 206. Ditch 205 is positioned on a similar projected alignment to Ditch 503 located further north in Trench 5. Based on their morphology and fill characteristics, ditches 205 and 503 are likely to represent the remains of a former field boundary. No finds were identified.

5.8 Tree-bowl 203 was broadly sub-circular in plan and located immediately to the west of Ditch 205. The tree-bowl contained a dark greyish brownish sandy clay fill, measured up to 0.63m in diameter, comprised irregular sides and base and a depth of 0.1m. No finds were identified.

Trench 5 (Figs 2 & 6) 5.9 Trench 5 was located to the west within the Site and contained two archaeological features; ditch 503 and Pit 505.

5.10 Ditch 503 was broadly linear in plan, orientated north-east/south-west and measured from 0.85m to 1.3m wide but was not excavated. The ditch contained a single light greyish brown silty clay fill 504. Ditch 503 is positioned on a similar projected alignment to ditch 205 located further south in Trench 2. Based on their morphology and fill characteristics, ditches 503 and 205 are likely to represent the remains of a former field boundary. No finds were identified.

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5.11 Pit 505 was circular in plan within Trench 5, although its full extent south-west was not established. The pit measured 1.28m north-east / south-west and 4.77m north- west / south-east with a hand excavated depth of 0.88m. Total depth of the feature was not established due to Safe Systems of Work on-site requirements. The pit comprised gradual sides and contained a single mid brownish grey sandy clay fill 506. A sherd of later prehistoric pottery and a single piece of burnt flint was recovered from the pit fill but are likely to be residual.

6. THE FINDS

6.1 Artefactual material recovered from the evaluation is listed in Appendix B and discussed further below.

Pottery 6.2 A single, small and unfeatured sherd of pottery, weighing 2g, was recovered from pit 505 (fill 506). It occurs in a fine flint-tempered fabric and probably dates to the later prehistoric period (Late Bronze Age or Iron Age).

Other finds 6.2 A single fragment of unworked, burnt flint was recorded from pit 505 (fill 506).

7. THE PALAEO-ENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE

Plant Macrofossils 7.1 A single sample (forty litres of soil) was taken from a deposit within Trench 5 to evaluate the preservation of palaeoenvironmental remains and with the intention of recovering environmental evidence of industrial or domestic activity on the site. It was also hoped that the environmental evidence might provide an indication of the date of the deposit. The sample was processed by standard flotation procedures (CA Technical Manual No. 2).

Trench 5 7.2 The only fill (506, sample 1) within undated pit 505 contained small quantities of charcoal fragments greater than 2mm. Where possible the charcoal was identified as Quercus (oak). The charcoal within the assemblage was high fragmented and so

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only a small amount was assessed for wood species. A small amount of charred plant remains was recovered from the sample; this included several indeterminate grains, a single Vicia/Lathyrus sp. (vetch/wild pea) and a single c.f. Poa/Phluem sp. (meadow grass).

7.3 The environmental remains provide no indication of the date of this deposit and no firm evidence for any specific activity taking place on site such as metalworking or charcoal production.

8. DISCUSSION

8.1 The ditch found in Trench 2 is positioned on a similar projected alignment to the ditch found in Trench 5. Based on their morphology and fill characteristics, the ditches may represent the tentative remains of a former north-east / south-west orientated field boundary ditch that defined a smaller enclosed area of agricultural land as suggested by the Hampshire Historic Landscape Assessment project which dates such features to the medieval period (CA 2017). The ditches found in Trenches 2 and 5 also appear to broadly correspond with a similar orientated former field boundary visible on the Catherington Tythe Map c.1838 (ibid, 24), (see Figure 3). Both ditches have been heavily truncated by deep ploughing methods during the modern period.

8.2 The function of the large pit found in Trench 5 remains uncertain and although prehistoric pottery was recovered from it, this is most likely residual and probably represents a quarry pit utilised for the extraction and production of lime. Numerous “chalk pits” are recorded in the area on 19th century historic mapping and several are visible on Lidar imagery. The pit is likely to date to the post-medieval or modern period (ibid).

83. The finds recovered from the Site are likely to be residual. Numerous tree-bowls were also found during the trial trench evaluation and indicate sporadic past forestation of unknown date.

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9. CA PROJECT TEAM

Fieldwork was undertaken by CA Project Leader Steven Bush, assisted by CA site personnel Keighley Wasenczuk. The report was written by CA Project Officer Matt Nichol. The finds and palaeo-environmental evidence reports were written by CA Finds Officer Katie Marsden and CA Archaeologist Emma Atkin respectively. The illustrations were prepared by CA illustrator Rosanna Price. The archive has been compiled by Steven Bush, and prepared for deposition by Zoe Emery. The project was managed for CA by CA manager Oliver Good.

10. REFERENCES

BGS (British Geological Survey) 2018 Geology of Britain Viewer http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html Accessed 31 May 2018

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2014 Lovedean Substation, Lovedean, Hampshire: Post- Excavation Report, CA Report No. 14458

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2017 Lovedean Energy Storage Site, Waterlooville, Hampshire, Heritage Desk-Based Assessment, CA Report No. 17424

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2018 Lovedean Energy Storage Site, Waterlooville, Hampshire: Written Scheme of Investigation for an Archaeological Investigation

DCLG (Department of Communities and Local Government) 2012 National Planning Policy Framework

HCC (Hampshire County Council) 2010 Hampshire County Integrated Character Assessment: An Overview of the Hampshire Landscape

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APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS – ARCHAEOLOGY HIGHLIGHTED BOLD

Trench Context Type Fill Context Context Length Width Depth/thickness Spot- No of Interpretation Description (m) (m) (m) date

1 100 Layer Topsoil Light greyish 30.1 1.8 0.22 Modern brown silty clay, friable. Frequent sub-angular flint inclusions <40mm

1 101 Layer Subsoil Mid reddish 30.1 1.8 0.5 brown silt clay, soft. Rare flecks of chalk and occasional sub-angular flint <30mm

1 102 Layer Natural Dark reddish 30.1 1.8 0.72 Geology brown sandy clay, soft to firm. Abundant sub-angular flint inclusions <150mm. Patches of manganese

2 200 Layer Topsoil Light greyish 30.3 1.8 0.17 Modern brown silty clay, friable. Frequent sub-angular flint inclusions <40mm

2 201 Layer Subsoil Mid reddish 30.3 1.8 0.3 brown silty clay, soft to firm. Rare chalk inclusions, occasional sub-angular flint inclusions <50mm

2 202 Layer Natural Mid brownish 30.3 1.8 0.47 Geology orange sandy clay, soft to firm. Frequent sub-angular and rounded natural flints <100mm

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Trench Context Type Fill Context Context Length Width Depth/thickness Spot- No of Interpretation Description (m) (m) (m) date

2 203 Cut Tree-bowl Irregular 0.63 0.61 0.1 Natural sides and Feature base

2 204 Fill 204 Fill of tree-bowl Dark greyish 0.63 0.61 0.1 Natural brown sandy Feature clay, high concentration of charcoal, heavily root disturbed

2 205 Cut Ditch Linear plan, >2 0.46 0.21 with concave profile. NE- SW alignment

2 206 Fill 205 Mid reddish >2 0.46 0.21 brown sandy clay, firm to soft. Occasional natural flint <30mm

2 207 VOID 2 208 VOID 2 209 VOID 2 210 VOID

3 300 Layer Topsoil Light greyish 29.6 1.8 0.13 Modern brown silty clay, friable. Frequent sub-angular and rounded flint inclusions <40mm

3 301 Layer Subsoil Mid reddish 29.6 1.8 0.6 brown silt clay, soft to firm. Rare flecks of chalk and occasional sub-angular and rounded flint <30mm

3 302 Layer Natural Mid brownish 29.6 1.8 0.73 Geology yellow sandy clay, soft to firm. Occasional sub-angular and rounded flint inclusions <30mm. Patches of

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Trench Context Type Fill Context Context Length Width Depth/thickness Spot- No of Interpretation Description (m) (m) (m) date manganese

3 303 Layer Natural Mid reddish 29.6 1.8 0.73 Geology brown sandy clay, soft. Abundant sub-angular and rounded flint inclusions <40mm. Patches of manganese and chalk flecks

4 400 Layer Topsoil Light greyish 29.8 1.8 0.2 Modern brown silty clay, friable. Frequent sub-angular and rounded flint inclusions <40mm

4 401 Layer Subsoil Mid reddish 29.8 1.8 0.5 brown silt clay, soft to firm. Frequent sub-angular and rounded flint <30mm

4 402 Layer Natural Mid yellowish 29.8 1.8 0.7 Geology brown sandy clay, soft to firm. Abundant sub-angular and rounded flint inclusions <50mm. Frequent manganese

5 500 Layer Topsoil Light greyish 30.4 1.8 0.2 Modern brown silty clay, friable. Frequent sub-angular and rounded flint inclusions <40mm

5 501 Layer Subsoil Mid reddish 30.4 1.8 0.53 brown silt clay, soft to firm. Occasional sub-angular

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Trench Context Type Fill Context Context Length Width Depth/thickness Spot- No of Interpretation Description (m) (m) (m) date and rounded flint <20mm. Rare chalk flecks

5 502 Layer Natural Light reddish 30.4 1.8 0.73 Geology brown sandy clay, soft to firm. Occasional sub-angular and rounded flint inclusions <50mm. Patches of manganese

5 503 Cut Ditch Linear in >1.8 0.85 n/a plan. NE/SW to 1.3 alignment

5 504 Fill 503 Fill of ditch Light >1.8 0.85 n/a greyish to 1.3 brown silty clay, friable. Occasional sub-angular and rounded flint <20mm

5 505 Cut Pit Circular in 4.77 >1.28 plan. >0.88 Gradual side NE. Depth not established. Partially excavated

5 506 Fill 505 Fill of pit Mid 4.77 >1.28 >0.88 brownish grey sandy clay, friable. Frequent sub-angular and rounded flint <0.1mm

6 600 Layer Topsoil Light greyish 30.2 1.8 0.2 Modern brown silty clay, friable. Frequent sub-angular and rounded flint inclusions <40mm

6 601 Layer Subsoil Mid reddish 30.2 1.8 0.4 brown silt clay, soft to firm. Occasional sub-angular

Trench Context Type Fill Context Context Length Width Depth/thickness Spot- No of Interpretation Description (m) (m) (m) date and rounded flint <30mm

6 602 Layer Natural Mid reddish 30.2 1.8 0.6 Geology to yellowish brown sandy clay, soft. Frequent sub-angular and rounded flint <100mm

6 603 VOID 6 604 VOID 6 605 VOID 6 606 VOID

6 607 VOID 6 608 VOID

6 609 VOID 6 610 VOID

6 611 VOID 6 612 VOID

7 700 Layer Topsoil Light greyish 28.75 1.8 0.22 Modern brown silty clay, friable. Frequent sub-angular and rounded flint inclusions <40mm. Rare chalk flecks

7 701 Layer Subsoil Mid reddish 28.75 1.8 1.03 brown silt clay, soft. Occasional sub-angular and rounded flint <20mm. Rare chalk flecks

7 702 Layer Natural Mid brownish 28.75 1.8 1.25 Geology yellow sandy clay, soft to firm. Frequent sub-angular and rounded flint <50mm. Rare chalk flecks and manganese

APPENDIX B: THE FINDS

770764 The Finds Katie Marsden

Artefactual material recovered from the evaluation is listed in Appendix B and discussed further below.

Pottery A single, small and unfeatured sherd of pottery, weighing 2g, was recovered from pit 505 (fill 506). It occurs in a fine flint-tempered fabric and probably dates to the later prehistoric period (Late Bronze Age or Iron Age).

Other finds A single fragment of unworked, burnt flint was recorded from pit 505 (fill 506).

Appendix B: Finds concordance Spot Context Description Ct. Wt. (g) date 506 Fine flint-tempered bodysherd 1 2 L. Pre Burnt flint 1 18

APPENDIX C: THE PALAEO-ENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE

770764 Lovedean Energy Storage Site, Waterlooville Palaeo-environmental Evidence by Emma Aitken

A single sample (forty litres of soil) was taken from a deposit within Trench 5 to evaluate the preservation of palaeoenvironmental remains and with the intention of recovering environmental evidence of industrial or domestic activity on the site. It was also hoped that the environmental evidence might provide an indication of the date of the deposit. The sample was processed by standard flotation procedures (CA Technical Manual No. 2).

Trench 5 The only fill (506, sample 1) within undated pit 505 contained small quantities of charcoal fragments greater than 2mm. Where possible the charcoal was identified as Quercus (oak). The charcoal within the assemblage was high fragmented and so only a small amount was assessed for wood species. A small amount of charred plant remains was recovered from the sample; this included several indeterminate grains, a single Vicia/Lathyrus sp. (vetch/wild pea) and a single c.f. Poa/Phluem sp. (meadow grass). The assemblage is likely to be representative of dumped material or wind-blown material.

The environmental remains provide no indication of the date of this deposit and no firm evidence for any specific activity taking place on site such as metalworking or charcoal production.

Table 1 Assessment table for palaeoenvironmental remains

Vol Flot Roots Charred Feature Context Sample (L) size % Grain Chaff Other Notes for Table Charcoal Other Trench 5 - Undated pit Indet grain (+), Vicia/Lathryus (+), c.f. 505 506 1 20 10 5 + - + Poa/Phluem (+) ++++ -

Key

+ = 1–4 items; ++ = 4–20 items; +++ = 21–49 items; ++++ = 50–99 items; +++++ = >100 items

APPENDIX D: OASIS REPORT FORM

PROJECT DETAILS

Project Name Lovedean Energy Storage Site, Waterlooville, Hampshire Short description An archaeological trial trench evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology (CA) in June 2108 at Lovedean Energy Storage Site, Waterlooville, Hampshire. Seven trenches were machine excavated.

A ditch was found in Trench 2 and a large pit and a ditch were found in Trench 5. Finds recovered from the Site are likely to be residual.

The function of the large pit found in Trench 5 remains uncertain and although prehistoric pottery was recovered from it, this is most likely residual and the pit probably represents a quarry pit utilised for the extraction and production of lime. Numerous “chalk pits” are recorded in the area on 19th century historic mapping and several are visible on Lidar imagery. The pit is likely to date to the post- medieval or modern period. Numerous tree-bowls were also found during the trial trench evaluation. Project dates 11-13 June 2018 Project type Trial Trench Evaluation

Previous work CA 2017 Desk Based Assessment (DBA)

Future work Unknown PROJECT LOCATION Site Location Lovedean Energy Storage Site, Waterlooville, Hampshire Study area (M2/ha) 2.59ha Site co-ordinates NGR: 467589 113239

PROJECT CREATORS Name of organisation Cotswold Archaeology Project Brief originator Hampshire County Council Project Design (WSI) originator Cotswold Archaeology

Project Manager Oliver Good Project Supervisor Steven Bush MONUMENT TYPE None SIGNIFICANT FINDS None PROJECT ARCHIVES Intended final location of archive Content (e.g. pottery, (museum/Accession no.) animal bone etc) Hampshire Cultural Trust

Physical Hampshire Cultural Trust Ceramics, Burnt Flint Paper Hampshire Cultural Trust Context sheets, Drawings, registers Digital Hampshire Cultural Trust Database, digital photos BIBLIOGRAPHY

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2018 Lovedean Energy Storage Site, Waterlooville, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation. CA typescript report 18321

22 4 467000 4 469000 6 6 7 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

111500015000

111300013000

111100011000

SWINDON N Andover 01264 347630 WOKINGHAM Cirencester 01285 771022 WILTSHIRE BRACKNELL Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 FOREST SURREY Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected] HAMPSHIRE PROJECT TITLE

WEST SUSSEX Lovedean Energy Storage Site,

CITY Waterlooville, Hampshire POOLE OF SOUTHAMPTON FIGURE TITLE CITY OF BRIGHTON Site location plan ISLE OF CITY OF & HOVE WIGHT PORTSMOUTH 0 1km BOURNEMOUTH

Extract from the 1838 Catherington Tithe Map

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Lovedean Energy Storage Site, Waterlooville, Hampshire

FIGURE TITLE Historic map

DRAWN BY RP PROJECT NO. 770764 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 21.06.18 APPROVED BY OG SCALE@A4 1:4000 (approx.) 3 4

Tree-throw pit 203, looking north (0.4m scale)

Ditch 205, looking south-west (0.5m scale)

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Lovedean Energy Storage Site, Waterlooville, Hampshire

FIGURE TITLE Trench 2: photographs

DRAWN BY RP PROJECT NO. 770764 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 15.06.18 APPROVED BY OG SCALE@A4 N/A 4 & 5 550000

550101

Section AA

NE SW SE SW 80.8m AOD 550606

550606 ppitit 550505

01m1:20

PPitit 505,505, lookinglooking south-westsouth-west (2m(2m scale)scale)

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Lovedean Energy Storage Site, Waterlooville, Hampshire

FIGURE TITLE Trench 5: section and photograph

DRAWN BY RP PROJECT NO. 770764 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 15.06.18 APPROVED BY OG SCALE@A4 1:20 6