1 1 Subfossil Simuliidae track past river flow into an industrially contaminated lake 2 Brigitte Simmatis1 (
[email protected]), Alexandre Baud2 (
[email protected]), 3 Irene Gregory-Eaves2 (
[email protected]), Pierre Francus3 4 (
[email protected]), and John P. Smol1 (
[email protected]) 5 6 1Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab (PEARL), Department of 7 Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6 Canada 8 2Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, H3A 1B1 Canada 9 3Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Québec City, 10 Québec, G1K 9A9 Canada 11 12 Keywords: Black flies, Paleohydrology, Chironomidae, Nuisance algal blooms, Cultural 13 eutrophication 14 15 Corresponding author: 16 Brigitte Simmatis, 17 Telephone: (613) 888-1571 18 Email:
[email protected] 2 19 Abstract 20 Stoco Lake (Tweed, Ontario, Canada) has a history of industrial contamination and is heavily 21 influenced by inflow from the Moira River. Stoco Lake is frequently affected by nuisance algal 22 blooms (including cyanobacteria), which have largely been attributed to cultural eutrophication. 23 To further our understanding of the environmental dynamics of Stoco Lake, we applied 24 paleolimnological techniques to examine long-term trends in subfossil invertebrate assemblages, 25 geochemistry, and inferred trends in whole-lake primary production from a sediment core 26 representing ~70 years of environmental history. We examined past trends in Simuliidae 27 abundance, geochemical variables, and historical river flow records to examine past hydrological 28 conditions in Stoco Lake. Inferred whole-lake primary production and sediment core organic 29 content increased between the late 1950s and early 1970s, likely reflecting increased 30 eutrophication (e.g.