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Vapor Intrusion Technical Guidance NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SITE REMEDIATION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM VAPOR INTRUSION TECHNICAL GUIDANCE Indoor Air Soil Gas Ground Water May 2021 Version 5.0 New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Site Remediation and Waste Management Program Vapor Intrusion Technical Guidance May 2021 Version 5.0 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (Department) Vapor Intrusion Technical Guidance (Version 4.1) document was previously prepared by the Department/Stakeholder Vapor Intrusion Guidance Committee in cooperation with the Department Vapor Intrusion Committee. The updated Vapor Intrusion Technical Guidance (Version 5.0) was completed by the Department with assistance from the Stakeholder Vapor Intrusion Guidance Committee. Department/Stakeholder Vapor Intrusion Guidance Committee Carey Compton, Chair, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Nicole Kalaigian, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection John Boyer, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Retiree Ken Bird, Woodard & Curran Consultants Brian Blum, Langan Consultants Scott Drew, Geosyntec Consultants John Engdahl, Speedway Erica Snyder, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Diane Groth, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Retiree Andrew Sites, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Retiree Peter Sorge, JM Sorge, Inc., Environmental Consultants Chad VanSciver, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Additional Technical Assistance: Gunnar Barr, OBAR Systems Bill Morris, Vapor Mitigation Sciences Special thanks for the assistance of the following individuals from the Department: Bridget Sweeney Barry Frasco Tracy Grabiak, Retiree Kathy Kunze, Retiree George Nicholas, Retiree Sana Qureshi Paul Sanders Kevin Schick Paul Bauer Teruo Sugihara, Retiree David Haymes Cover graphic courtesy of the Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council (ITRC). 3 DISCLAIMER The use of any trade names, products or materials in this document does not constitute an endorsement by the State of New Jersey’s Department of Environmental Protection (Department). The information in the Department’s Vapor Intrusion Technical Guidance (Version 5.0) document is provided free of charge to the public. The State of New Jersey, its agencies and employees assume no responsibility to any person or entity for the use of this information. There are no representations or warranties, expressed or implied, of any kind regarding this information, and any use of this information is made at the risk of the user. Neither the Department nor the State of New Jersey maintains many of the web links and web addresses in the Department’s Vapor Intrusion Technical Guidance (Version 5.0). The Department makes no special endorsement for the content of these links, their sites or the views expressed by the sites’ publishers. Websites may change or remove their contents at any time. Therefore, the Department cannot guarantee that the material on the referenced websites will be the same as it was when the Vapor Intrusion Technical Guidance (Version 5.0) was developed or even that the links will be available. Trademarks (e.g., Microsoft Word, Adobe Acrobat) belong to their respective companies. 4 NJDEP Vapor Intrusion Technical Guidance (Version 5.0) May 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................................... 3 DISCLAIMER .............................................................................................................................................................. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................................................. 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................... 9 1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 10 1.1 Intended Use of this Technical Guidance ....................................................................................... 10 1.2 Overview of this Guidance .............................................................................................................. 10 1.3 Department-Generated Variances .................................................................................................. 12 1.4 Guidance Updates ........................................................................................................................... 12 2.0 RECEPTOR EVALUATION & SCREENING (STEPS 1 AND 2) ............................................................ 13 2.1 VI Triggers ...................................................................................................................................... 13 2.1.1 Trigger Distances ............................................................................................................. 13 2.1.2 Dissolved Ground Water Exceedance of GWSL ............................................................... 14 2.1.3 Presence of Free and Residual Product ........................................................................... 15 2.1.4 Soil Gas Exceedance of SGSL .......................................................................................... 15 2.1.5 Indoor Air Exceedance of IARS or Rapid Action Levels ................................................... 16 2.1.6 Presence of Ground Water Contamination or Free Product in a Wet Basement or Sump ............................................................................................................................. 16 2.1.7 Presence of Methanogenic Conditions ............................................................................. 16 2.1.8 Other Conditions That May Impact Human Health and Safety ........................................ 16 2.1.9 Volatile Soil Contamination .............................................................................................. 16 2.2 Vapor Intrusion Indoor Air Remediation Standards & Vapor Intrusion Screening Levels ............ 17 2.3 VI Receptor Evaluation (Step 1) ..................................................................................................... 17 2.3.1 Initial Data Gathering ...................................................................................................... 17 2.3.2 Building and Structures .................................................................................................... 18 2.3.3 Conceptual Site Model ...................................................................................................... 19 2.3.4 Preferential Pathways ...................................................................................................... 19 2.3.5 Landfills and Methane Gas ............................................................................................... 20 2.4 Petroleum VI Screening (Step 2) ..................................................................................................... 21 3.0 VAPOR INTRUSION INVESTIGATION (STEP 3) .................................................................................. 22 3.1 Preparing for a Vapor Intrusion Investigation ............................................................................... 22 3.1.1 Investigative Approach ..................................................................................................... 22 3.1.2 Access ............................................................................................................................... 23 3.1.3 Iterative Nature of VI Investigations ................................................................................. 24 3.1.4 Field Analysis in Support of Vapor Intrusion Investigations ............................................ 25 3.2 Ground Water Investigation and Sampling ..................................................................................... 27 3.2.1. Saturated Zone Features Affecting Vapor Intrusion ......................................................... 28 3.2.2 Use of Pre-Existing Ground Water Data .......................................................................... 30 3.2.3 Obtaining New Ground Water Data to Evaluate the VI Pathway .................................... 31 3.3 Soil Gas Sampling ........................................................................................................................... 33 3.3.1 Sub-Slab Soil Gas Sampling ............................................................................................. 34 3.3.2 Alternative Soil Gas Sampling .......................................................................................... 38 3.4 Conducting a Building Walkthrough and Survey ............................................................................ 41 3.4.1 Identification of Potential Background Sources ............................................................... 41 3.4.2 Recognition of Points of Vapor Intrusion in a Building ................................................... 42 3.4.3 Identification of Possible Sample Locations ..................................................................... 42 3.4.4 Informing Occupants about Vapor Intrusion and Sampling Procedures .......................... 42 5 NJDEP Vapor Intrusion Technical Guidance (Version 5.0) May 2021 3.5 Indoor
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