International Demographics India Census 2011 (Version 2)

Release Notes Complete documentation is located at our support site.

Contents:

Summary 2 Sources of Information 2 Benefits 2 Table Information 2 Census of India Geography and Demographics Tables 2 Population Distribution Model 5 Features 6 Open (In Progress) Issues 9 Examples of Population Maps at Different Administrative Levels 9

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The Pitney Bowes’ India Demographics Version 2 data product is based on the 2011 Census results. The data suite (layers) includes:

1. Census of India Demographics (2011): The census is a national survey which gathers information about the people living in India. The census data in this release are tabulated at the Country, State / Union Territory (36 records), District (642 records), Tehsil [Sub District (5990 records)] and Village / Town (634,035 records) levels. Please note that the Village level of geography is the lowest administrative level in rural areas, and the Town is the second lowest geography level in urban areas for which the census boundaries are available.

2. Population Distribution Model: The Population Distribution Model (PDM) represents spatial distribution of population density at each raster grid of 15 m x 15 m. In addition to vector data of four administrative levels – state, district, tehsil and village / town, this product provides raster data for the 36 states of India in .mrr format which are readable and editable in MapInfo Raster. These grid files (15 m x15 m) have population density values associated with each grid cell within Tehsil boundaries. These values are calculated with respect to the residential area of landuse-landcover map. The uninhabited areas carry null values.

Sources of Information

Excel Geomatics and Pitney Bowes

Benefits

The data provides an understanding of the contextual demographics for census-based levels of geography and administrative areas in India. It provides a basis for making assessments about the characteristics of households of the area and the distribution as anticipated by the Landuse of the region and population. The data sets are based on authoritative census enumeration of the population by the Government of India (Ministry of Home Affairs).

The PDM helps the customer to calculate the population at grid level (minimum at 15 m x15 m radius). The distribution map is scientifically driven using the Landuse classes and assigning the weights to each class and verified through field validation.

Table Information

The data are provided in the Proprietary MapInfo format, MRR for rasters and tab for Vectors as well as data.

There will exist, up to four files (levels) for each release (*.tab, *.dat, *.id, *.ind, +mrr and * .map files).

Census of India Geography and Demographics Tables

Village / Town (Village Level) The Village boundary layer is comprised of the Village and the Town boundaries. The Village is the lowest administrative level in rural areas. There are approximately 626,018 Villages. The Town is the second lowest administrative level in urban areas. There are approximately 8,017 towns and each record is distinctly linked with a Village_Code_ID.

International Demographics Product Release Notes - India Census 2011 (Version 2) 2 The Village_Code_ID is composed of 2-digit State (or Union Territory) Code, 3-digit District Code, 5-digit Tehsil Code, and 6-digit Town and Village (or Town) Code (TV Code). This code is assigned to each polygon in the Village / Town boundary file.

• Permanent Location Code Number (PLCN) has been allocated to every Village within the State (or Union Territory) and not within a Sub-District as in the earlier censuses. It is assigned as one continuous number from the first Village in the first District to the last Village in the last District. The PLCN is an 8-digit unique location code number with the first six digits representing the code number of the Village (Village_code), and the last two digits are, by default, two zeros '00' for future provisions. These zeros are reserved as buffer to be used for coding any new Village(s) that may come up between the two existing Villages.

Demographic Record Geographic Record Type Description Count Count

Villages Village_Code_ID 634,035 603,734 (State_code+District_code+Tehsil_code+Village_code)

Unique Villages Village_code or PLCN_Code 630,965 603,734

• While linking demographics and geography data, Pitney Bowes found that around 5% (31K) of records that are available in the demographics data have no geographic attribute. • Approximately, 4.49% (29K) inhabitant Village records have null population because of the forested areas (or other wilderness areas) and restricted areas that have null population. • There is a mismatch in the distinct geographic record count at the Tehsil level (5,990) and the Village level (5,955) caused by the 35 new Tehsils that haven’t been updated by the Census at the Village level. • Approximately, 0.5% (3K) records consist of Village code or PLCN code like ‘00000000’ or ‘000F0000’, therefore there is a difference in distinct records in Village_Code_ID and Village_code.

Tehsil This refers to the Sub-District geography unit. There are 5,990 Tehsils in India and each Tehsil has a unique code (Tehsil_ Code_ID). The Tehsil_ Code_ID is composed of 2-digit State (or Union Territory) Code, 3-digit District Code, and 5-digit Tehsil Code.

Demographic Record Geographic Record Type Description Count Count

Tehsils Tehsil_Code_ID 5,990 5964 (State_code+District_code+Tehsil_code)

Unique tehsils Tehsil_code 5924 5964

• The total number of distinct unique Tehsils are about 5,924, but the total number of records in the Tehsil boundaries level is 5,990, because some of the Tehsils fall into two distinct Districts. • There are 26 geographic records (polygons) that are missing because they are uninhabited or restricted areas1.

1 Restricted Areas Foreigners (Restricted Areas) Order 1968 states that a Restricted Area Permit (RAP) is required for non-Indians to visit certain areas in India. For more description, please click here.

International Demographics Product Release Notes - India Census 2011 (Version 2) 3 District There are 642 Districts in India. Each District has its own unique identifier (district_code_id) that is composed of the 2- digit State (or Union Territory) Code, and 3-digit District Code.

Demographic Record Geographic Record Type Description Count Count

Districts District_code_ID 642 642 (State_code+District_code)

Unique Districts District_Code 642 642

• There are two District records (representing 0.01% of District records) that have null population because of forest and restricted areas.

State (or Union Territory) A state (or a Union Territory) is the main administrative division in India. There are 36 states (including 7 Union Territories) in India represented in the 2011 Census.

Demographic Record Geographic Record Type Description Count Count

State State Code 36 36

• The Census was published in 2011, therefore the state of Telangana is not included in this data set. This new state was announced as a separate official state in June 2014. Pitney Bowes has added Telangana in both demographics and geography data as per the Census Atlas and other sources.

International Demographics Product Release Notes - India Census 2011 (Version 2) 4 Population Distribution Model

The following schematic diagrams show the process flows for the creation of the PDM:

High Level Data Inputs

Census Data (India Census-2011 data)

Administrative Boundary Maps (Tehsil Boundary Map) and Satellite Images

Pan-sharpened Landsat 8 images (Kindly refer Annexure - I, for the details of images used for India data creation) High Resolution Images and videos, available in the public domain Landuse Landcover data

General Process Flow for PDM Creation

International Demographics Product Release Notes - India Census 2011 (Version 2) 5 The PDM exists within the range of 0.03 - 64.26 people, legend for which is also illustrated below:

 While overlaying both the data demographics and PDM, the user needs to use the Optimized Option in Mipro to get both the data aligned to each other.

Features

The International Demographics India data product has been grouped into 6 themes and 85 variables:

Theme 1: Sex and Age (6 Variables) • Population aged between 0 - 6 years and above 6 years • Population by Sex

Theme 2: Education (6 Variables)

• Population by literates2 and sex

International Demographics Product Release Notes - India Census 2011 (Version 2) 6 • Population by illiterates and sex

2 Literates 2 Literate/Illiterate A person aged 7 years and above who can both read and write with understanding in any language has been taken as a literate. It is not necessary for a person to have received any formal education or passed any minimum educational standard for being treated a literate. People who were blind and could read in Braille are also treated as literates. A person, who can neither read nor write or can only read but cannot write in any language, is treated as an illiterate. All children of age 6 years or less, even if going to school and have picked up reading and writing, are treated as illiterates.

Theme 3: Household (1 Variable)

• Households3

3 Household A 'household' is usually a group of persons who normally live together and take their meals from a common kitchen unless the exigencies of work prevent any of them from doing so. Persons in a household may be related or unrelated or a mix of both. However, if a group of unrelated persons live in a census house but do not take their meals from the common kitchen, then they are not constituent of a common household. In such a case, each such person was to be treated as a separate household. The important link in finding out whether it was a household or not was a common kitchen. There may be one member households, two member households or multi-member households. A household with at least one Scheduled Caste member is treated as a Scheduled Caste Household. Similarly, a household having at least one Scheduled Tribe member is treated as a Scheduled Tribe household.

Theme 4: Schedule Cast / Tribe4 (6 Variables) • Population by Scheduled Caste and sex • Population by Scheduled Tribe and sex

4 Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes The Article 341 of the Constitution (of India) provides that the President may, with respect to any State or Union Territory, specify the castes, races or tribes or parts of or groups within castes, races or tribes which shall for the purposes of the Constitution be deemed to be Scheduled Castes in relation to that State or Union Territory. Similarly, the Article 342 provides for specification of tribes or tribal communities or parts of or groups within tribes or tribal communities which are deemed to be for the purposes of the Constitution, the Scheduled Tribes in relation to that State or Union Territory. In pursuance of these provisions, the list of Scheduled Castes and / or Scheduled Tribes are notified for each State and Union Territory and are valid only within the jurisdiction of that State or Union Territory. It is important to mention here that under the Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950, no person who professed a religion different from Hinduism was deemed to be a member of a Scheduled Caste in addition to every member of the Ramdasi, Kabirpanthi, Majhabi or Sikligar caste resident in Punjab or Patiala and East Punjab States Union were in relation to that State whether they professed the Hindu or the Sikh religion. Subsequently, in September, 1956, by an amendment, the Presidential Order of 1950 and in all subsequent Presidential Orders relating to Scheduled Castes, the population professing the Hindu and the Sikh religions were placed on the same footing with regard to their inclusion as Scheduled Castes. Later on, as per the amendment made in the Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order 1990, the Hindu, the Sikh and the Buddhist professing population were placed on the same footing with regard to the recognition of the Scheduled Castes. For finalizing the list of Schedule Castes / Scheduled Tribes notified in each State / Union Territory, all the constitutional amendments that have taken place prior to the conduct of 2001 Census were taken into account. Since there is no Scheduled Castes list for the state of Nagaland and the Union Territories of Andaman & Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep; and no Scheduled Tribes list for the States of Delhi, Haryana and Punjab and the Union Territories of Chandigarh and Pondicherry, the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population figures are furnished for only the relevant category in respect of these States and Union territories. The instructions to the enumerators for recording the individual responses on religion and the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes were more or less the same as in the past censuses. Each enumerator was provided with a notified list of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in respect of his / her State / Union Territory. The religion for each individual was first of all determined. Then it was ascertained from the respondent for each individual whether she or he belonged to a Scheduled caste or a Scheduled Tribe category.

Theme 5: Employment (18 Variables)

• Total Working5 population by sex

International Demographics Product Release Notes - India Census 2011 (Version 2) 7 • Main Working6 population by sex • Marginal Worker7 population by sex

5 Work Work is defined as participation in any economically productive activity with or without compensation, wages or profit. Such participation may be physical and / or mental in nature. The work involves not only actual work but also includes effective supervision and direction of work. It even includes part time help or unpaid work on farm, family enterprise or in any other economic activity. All persons engaged in 'work' as defined above are workers. Persons who are engaged in cultivation or milk production even solely for domestic consumption are also treated as workers. Reference period for determining a person as worker and non-worker is one year preceding the date of enumeration.

6 Main Workers Those workers who had worked for the major part of the reference period (i.e. 6 months or more) are termed as Main Workers.

7 Marginal Workers Those workers who had not worked for the major part of the reference period (i.e. less than 6 months) are termed as Marginal Workers.

Theme 6: Occupation (48 Variables)

• Main Cultivator8 population by sex • Main Agriculture Labour9 population by sex • Main Household Industry Worker10 population by sex • Main Other Workers11 population by sex

8 Cultivator For purposes of the Census, a person is classified as cultivator if he or she is engaged in cultivation of the land owned or held from Government or held from private persons or institutions for payment in money, kind or share. The cultivation includes effective supervision or direction in the process of cultivation. A person who has given out her / his land to another person(s) or institution(s) for cultivation for money, kind or share of crop and who does not even supervise or direct cultivation of land, is not treated as a cultivator. Similarly, a person working on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or a combination of both (agricultural labourer) is not treated as cultivator. Cultivation involves ploughing, sowing, harvesting and production of cereals and millet crops such as wheat, paddy, jowar, bajra, ragi, and other crops such as sugarcane, tobacco, ground-nuts, tapioca, and pulses, raw jute and kindred fibre crop, cotton, cinchona and other medicinal plants, fruit growing, vegetable growing or keeping orchards or groves. Cultivation does not include the following plantation crops - tea, coffee, rubber, coconut and betel-nuts (areca).

9 Agricultural Labour A person who works on another person's land for wages in money or kind or share is regarded as an agricultural labour. She or he has no risk in the cultivation, but merely works on another person's land for wages. An agricultural labour has no right of lease or contract on land on which she / he works.

10 Household Industry Workers Household Industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the household at home or within the village in rural areas and only within the boundaries of the house where the household lives in urban areas. The larger proportion of workers in the household industry consists of members of the household. The industry is not run on the scale of a registered factory which would qualify or has to be registered under the Indian Factories Act. The main criterion of a Household industry even in urban areas is the participation of one or more members of a household. Even if the industry is not actually located at home in rural areas there is a greater possibility of the members of the household participating even if it is located anywhere within the village limits. In the urban areas, where organized industry takes greater prominence, the Household Industry is confined to the boundaries of the house where the participants live. In urban areas, even if the members of the household run an industry by themselves but at a place away from the boundaries of their home, it is not considered as a Household Industry. It should be located within the boundaries of the house where the members live (in the case of urban areas) to be regarded as a Household Industry. Household Industry relates to production, processing, servicing, repairing or making and selling (but not merely selling) of the goods. It does not include professions such as a Pleader, Doctor, Musician, Dancer, Waterman, Astrologer, Dhobi, and Barber, or merely trade or business, even if such professions, trade or services are run at home by members of the household. Some of the typical industries that can be conducted on a Household Industry basis are: Foodstuffs: Such as production of floor, milking or dehusking of paddy, grinding of herbs, production of pickles, preservation of meat.

International Demographics Product Release Notes - India Census 2011 (Version 2) 8 Beverages: Such as manufacture of country liquor, ice cream, soda water. Tobacco Products: Such as bidi, cigars, textile cotton, jute, wool or silk, manufacture of wood and wood products, paper and paper products, leather and leather products. Petroleum and Coal Products: Such as making foot wear from torn tyres and other rubber footwear. Chemical and Chemical Products: Such as manufacture of toys, paints, colours, matches, fireworks, perfumes, ink. Service and Repairing of Transport Equipments: Such as cycle, rickshaw, boat or animal driven carts.

11 Other Workers All workers, i.e., those who have been engaged in some economic activity during the last one year, but are not cultivators or agricultural labourers or in Household Industry, are 'Other Workers (OW)'. The type of workers that come under this category of 'OW' include all government servants, municipal employees, teachers, factory workers, plantation workers, those engaged in trade, commerce, business, transport banking, mining, construction, political or social work, priests, and entertainment artists. In effect, all those workers other than cultivators or agricultural labourers or household industry workers are 'Other Workers'.

Open (In Progress) Issues

•There are 0.09% (559) duplicated records in the Village data having the same PLCN Code but pointing towards different polygons. • After comparing with the Census Demographics Data, Pitney Bowes found that around 3% of villages are located either in different Tehsil or District. • After analyzing the overall attributes available (namely Total Population, Sex and others) in different levels of data, approximately 0 - 4% population variation (2,259 - 14,953,192) was found at the Village level. • Due to forest area, there are around 0.1% of duplicate village records (188 records) in both geography and demographics data. • While linking demographics and geography data, Pitney Bowes found that around 5% (31K) of records that are available in the demographics data have no geographic attribute. • The user might find a maximum 10% deviation while comparing the population from demographics data and rolled up the population from PDM at Tehsil level. This deviation is due to the ability of software to read the number of places after decimal. Additionally, the deviation occurs where there is a re-distribution of pixels representing the population, as a result of clipping at the border of two adjacent states.

 Pitney Bowes is committed to continually develop and build upon this product for our customers. We have an exhaustive roadmap to ensure that we bring the best product to the market so our customers can derive the highest value. We will strive to address the above-listed issues in subsequent releases in a timely fashion. Please contact Technical Support with any questions you may have.

Examples of Population Maps at Different Administrative Levels

The data are available at Country, State (or Union Territory), District, Sub-District and Village / Town levels.

 The average population per Village is 1910.

International Demographics Product Release Notes - India Census 2011 (Version 2) 9 Figure: 01: State / Union Territory Level by Total Density (per square miles)

Figure: 02: District Level by Total Density - Delhi (per square miles)

International Demographics Product Release Notes - India Census 2011 (Version 2) 10 Figure: 03: Tehsil (Sub- District) Level by Total Density - Delhi (per square miles)

Figure: 04: Village / Town Level by Total Density - Delhi (per square miles) (Overlayed by Tehsil Legends)

International Demographics Product Release Notes - India Census 2011 (Version 2) 11