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CCC Camp in Niceville, Florida Existed from 1933 Until 1942

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CCC Camp in Niceville, Florida Existed from 1933 Until 1942 ARCHIVAL RESULTS The CCC camp in Niceville, Florida existed from 1933 until 1942. When established in May 1933, the purpose of the camp (known as Camp F-3 or Camp Bigby) was to assist the Forest Service in developing and maintaining the Choctawhatchee National Forest. In the initial weeks of the camp, personnel occupied tents, but formal structures were completed before the end of 1933. The purpose of the structures varied little during the history of the camp and the layout of the camp similarly did not significantly change. The landscape of the camp included recreational areas such as a baseball diamond and tennis courts and also open green space, parking areas, and unimproved roads. Camp F-3 was the home and headquarters of Company 1402 as it labored in the Forest performing numerous tasks such as forest stand improvements, road building and maintenance, fire patrol, and fire suppression. As the United States increased preparations for potential involvement in World War II, the CCC vacated the camp for the period from October 1939 until October 1940 when a new company arrived that was devoted to developing Valparaiso Bombing and Gunnery Range, later known as Eglin Field. Known in the 1940-1942 period as Camp AF-1, the Niceville camp was the largest of its kind in the State of Florida. The camp was deactivated by July 1942. Camp F-3, 1933-1940 Company 1402, which was to occupy the Niceville site, was organized at Fort Benning on 30 April 1933. The commander was Capt. Walter Bigby of the 67th Infantry of the US Army. The ranks of the company were 172 young men from the northern and northwestern counties of Florida. To enroll in the company, men had to be between the ages of 18 and 25, unemployed, and unmarried. Also, their family members had to be on relief rolls. Prior to transfer, the men underwent a conditioning period at Fort Benning for approximately two weeks, during which time they were fed well and trained (Pasquill 2013). The men reached the camp on 19 May 1933. Dubbed Camp Bigby, the camp was located on land that belonged to the school in Niceville; however, it appears the land was not in use at the time of the camp’s establishment (Pasquill 2013). A temporary camp, consisting of Army-style tents, was set up and the men were immediately put to work in the Choctawhatchee National Forest and on building a permanent camp which was adjacent to the existing Jackson Ranger Station. Forty local men who were employees of the Forest Service joined the company as advisors, bringing the number of men in the company to 212 (Pasquill 2013). An aerial flyover photograph dating to 1933 (Figure 11) shows what the camp looked like in its initial weeks. Near the center of the camp are a number of tents and to their left is a diamond-shaped, cleared area that most likely was a baseball field. Several structures are shown to the northwest. Figure 12 is a photograph of the first supervisors of the camp and Figure 13 shows a 1936 photograph of the members of Company 1402. Figure 11. Camp F-3 of the CCC, Niceville, Florida, 1933. Source: Florida Photographic Collection. Figure 12. Supervisors of Camp F-3, 1933. Source: Bob Pasquill. Figure 13. Company 1402, 1936. Source: Pasquill 2013. Beginning in May 1933, the enrollees constructed Camp F-3. Fourteen structures were built. All of the structures were wood frame buildings. The function of these structures has not yet been identified, but they most likely included several barracks, a mess hall, a school building, an infirmary, a kitchen, and workshops. Recreational facilities included the above mentioned baseball diamond and also tennis courts, volleyball courts, a handball court, and a boxing ring (Pasquill 2013). The camp was approved on 23 September 1933. The work of the camp was to be year-long as opposed to seasonal. A panoramic photograph taken in August 1935 (Figure 14) provides an illustration of the camp as it appeared approximately two years into its existence. The photograph apparently was taken from atop a pine tree. No people are seen at the camp, and thus it is assumed that the photograph was taken during work hours when the men were in the Forest. In general, the camp appeared to be clean and well-organized. Twelve substantial structures can be seen in the photograph. There are several small outbuildings as well. Nearly all of the structures had a chimney that appears to be aluminum. The entire property was enclosed by what appears to be a wire fence. Within the camp, there was a smaller “fence” of sorts that consisted of short posts spaced several feet apart. This small fence kept vehicles off green areas. In general, there is very little grass on the grounds of the camp. There was a small structure that appears to be a guard gate. The road leading into the camp had a cattle Figure 14. Camp F-3 panoramic photograph, 1935. Source: Eglin AFB Cultural Resources. gap (CCC n.d.). An oblique aerial photograph from September 1935 (Figure 15, top) provides an alternative view of the camp from the same period. The blow-up view in Figure 15, bottom, shows the structures identified. Among the numerous forestry techniques that the men of the CCC camp learned was fire suppression. Their adept training was valuable not only in the Choctawhatchee National Forest. In 1934, a fire broke out in the business district of Niceville. The structures were engulfed in flames. The men from Camp F-3 rushed to the scene and extinguished the fire, saving the town from further disaster (Shofner 1987). Camp newsletters, several of which survive, provide details of life at the CCC camp as well as information on the setting of the camp. The earliest newsletter dates to March 1936 and states that there were 220 men in the camp. At this time, the camp was setting up a baseball team and a fishing group. An array of night classes was available for the men, including Algebra, Chemistry, Current Events, elementary English, Forestry, Arithmetic, Geography, and woodwork. Other classes held on Saturday mornings were landscaping and carpentry. Cooking was taught in the kitchen, mechanics in the Forest Service shop. A recent District Educational Adviser had visited and called Niceville the best looking camp in the district (Scrappy Daze 26 March 1936). Another camp newsletter from 1936 was published in April. The newsletter noted that the Company was about to be reduced to 157 men. The men who were to be extracted were those who were not in the Educational Program and did not hold a First Aid Certificate. If the number of men meeting these criteria did not reach 50, then the next to be pulled were those not engaged in athletics. The newsletters clarified that the extractions would be “men who neither contributed greatly to the Camp Program nor [have] taken advantage of opportunities to better themselves.” The accompanying list of candidates for removal includes men who appear in later lists of personnel, so this expulsion event may have been a farce intended to compel the men to participate in classes and sports (Scrappy Daze 8 April 1936). The April 1936 newsletter also announced three new classes: drawing, tree identification, and botany. One of the goals of the latter course was to collect and document rare wildflowers from the Forest. Later newsletters published the results of this effort. Several additional snippets of information provide insight into the work that the camp was doing in the spring of 1936. The camp had planted about 110,000 trees in the Forest. A 40-foot tower at Metts was being moved to Sandy Mountain. A 100-foot steel replacement at Metts was being constructed. The Forest Service was constructing 22 miles of telephone line and the first concrete culvert to be built was being put on Forest Road 211 on Gopher Creek (Scrappy Daze 8 April 1936). The next available newsletter dates to 10 July 1936 and reports on general events at the camp. A new mess hall had recently been delivered to the camp and was to be constructed 75 feet away from Barrack 4. The existing mess hall was to be converted into a school building that would house the twelve classes that were taught at the camp. There also were efforts to Education Administration Recreation Infirmary Building Hall Building Garage Infirmary Barracks Kitchen/ Mess Hall Figure 15. Camp F-3, 1935. Top: Oblique view; Bottom: Blow-up with structures identified. Source: Eglin Air Force Base Cultural Resources. beautify the camp. “By removing the garbage house and sterilizing vat and beautifying the side lawn the appearance of our Camp site will be materially improved,” the newsletter reported. Camp Superintendent Kirkland, the new camp Superintendent, moved with his wife into a house formerly occupied by the camp surgeon. It is unclear if this house was located on the camp grounds or elsewhere (Valparaiso News 1936a). Several additional camp newsletters from July 1936 offer valuable details of camp activities. The 10 July newsletter announced that new men soon would arrive at the camp. These men, like all new arrivals to the camp, were to be worked around the grounds of the camp itself for two weeks. Captain Pruitt, a new company Commander, recently arrived as a replacement for the previous Commander, Harold W. Gourgues. Captain Pruitt had rented “the Willie house on the hill for his family” (Valparaiso News 1936b). This residence was off the camp site. The 17 July newsletter described the educational level of 47 new arrivals as far above the average of past CCC enrollees.
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