DOCSLIB.ORG

Impacts of Coastal Acidification on the Pacific Northwest Shellfish Industry and Adaptation Strategies Implemented in Response

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Impacts of Coastal Acidification on the Pacific Northwest Shellfish Industry and Adaptation Strategies Implemented in Response Impacts of Coastal Acidification on the Pacific Northwest Shellfish Industry and Adaptation Strategies Implemented in Response Barton, A., Waldbusser, G. G., Feely, R. A., Weisberg, S. B., Newton, J. A., Hales, B., ... & McLaughlin, K. (2015). Impacts of coastal acidification on the Pacific Northwest shellfish industry and adaptation strategies implemented in response. Oceanography, 28(2), 146-159. doi:10.5670/oceanog.2015.38 10.5670/oceanog.2015.38 Oceanography Society Version of Record http://cdss.library.oregonstate.edu/sa-termsofuse EMERGING THEMES IN OCEAN ACIDIFICATION SCIENCE Impacts of Coastal Acidification on the Pacific Northwest Shellfish Industry and Adaptation Strategies Implemented in Response By Alan Barton, George G. Waldbusser, Richard A. Feely, Stephen B. Weisberg, Jan A. Newton, Burke Hales, Sue Cudd, Benoit Eudeline, Chris J. Langdon, Ian Jefferds, Teri King, Andy Suhrbier, and Karen McLaughlin Photo credit: Sandra Barton Vickers 146 Oceanography | Vol.28, No.2 ABSTRACT. In 2007, the US west coast shellfish industry began to feel the effects at optimal levels, but the chemistry of of unprecedented levels of larval mortality in commercial hatcheries producing incoming seawater varies (Barton et al., the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Subsequently, researchers at Whiskey Creek 2012). Subsequent work, in part the result Shellfish Hatchery, working with academic and government scientists, showed a of monitoring larval oysters in shellfish high correlation between aragonite saturation state (Ωarag) of inflowing seawater and hatcheries, documents a mechanism for survival of larval groups, clearly linking increased CO2 to hatchery failures. This work direct Ωarag sensitivity in early shell forma- led the Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers Association (PCSGA) to instrument shellfish tion of bivalve larvae (Waldbusser et al., on the Pacific Northwest hatcheries and coastal waters, establishing a monitoring network in collaboration with 2013; 2015), responses previously thought university researchers and the US Integrated Ocean Observing System. Analytical to be related solely to changes in the developments, such as the ability to monitor Ωarag in real time, have greatly improved organisms’ acid-base chemistry (Pörtner, Shellfish Industry the industry’s understanding of carbonate chemistry and its variability and informed 2008). These findings have immediate the development of commercial-scale water treatment systems. These treatment implications for the Pacific Northwest systems have generally proven effective, resulting in billions of additional oyster shellfish industry, which has experienced larvae supplied to Pacific Northwest oyster growers. However, significant challenges significant seed shortages since 2007. remain, and a multifaceted approach, including selective breeding of oyster stocks, In nearshore California Current sur- expansion of hatchery capacity, continued monitoring of coastal water chemistry, and face waters off the coast of Oregon, the improved understanding of biological responses will all be essential to the survival of increase in atmospheric CO2 has shifted the US west coast shellfish industry. the median Ωarag from approximately 2.5 to 2.0 (Feely et al., 2008; Harris et al., INTRODUCTION sensitive to the effects of ocean acidifi- 2013), and values of Ωarag less than 2.0 are The coastal ocean along the west coast cation (OA), such as reduced saturation already common throughout the spring of the United States supports some of state (Fabry et al., 2008; Hofmann et al., and summer across major sections of the most productive fisheries in the 2010; Hettinger et al., 2012; Bednaršek US Pacific coastal waters and Puget Sound world, including the 120-year-old Pacific et al., 2012, 2014; Gazeau et al., 2013; (Feely et al., 2008, 2010, 2012b; Hauri Northwest shellfish industry. Seasonal Kroeker et al., 2010, 2013; Gaylord et al., et al., 2009). OA has contributed signifi- coastal upwelling, which annually sup- 2014), including many commercially cantly to shoaling of Pacific Northwest plies nutrient-rich water to the inner con- important shellfish species (Kurihara aragonite and calcite saturation horizons tinental shelf from late spring to early et al., 2007; Green et al., 2009; Miller (Feely el al., 2012b), and recent observa- fall, drives this productivity. However, et al., 2009; Talmage and Gobler, 2011; tions along the Oregon/Washington coast the same upwelling that fuels the indus- Barton et al., 2012; Hettinger et al., 2012; have recorded Ωarag <1.0 in upwelled water try also threatens it. Decomposition of Waldbusser et al., 2013, 2015). Organisms at the surface, a condition not expected in organic matter at depth naturally raises that deposit calcareous shells or skele- the open ocean for decades (Feely et al., CO2 in upwelled seawater, and increasing tons may respond to decreasing Ωarag at 2008). Modeling of the California Current atmospheric CO2 concentrations have values as high as 2, and are expected to System predicts that this trend will con- raised the baseline, leading to increased encounter increasing physiological chal- tinue and accelerate relative to the open intensity, magnitude, and duration of lenges as carbonate saturation decreases oligotrophic ocean, with undersaturated acidified water over the continental shelf in the ocean (Fabry et al., 2008; Barton conditions in surface waters predicted to (Feely et al., 2008; Hauri et al., 2009, 2013; et al., 2012; Bednaršek et al., 2012, 2014; be the norm more than 50% of the time Gruber et al., 2012). Waldbusser et al., 2015). Except for a few during summer by 2050 (Gruber et al., When gaseous CO2 dissolves in sea- studies at underwater seeps that vent 2012; Hauri et al., 2011, 2013). water, it reacts with the water to form CO2, this research has almost exclusively These changes in Pacific Northwest a weak acid (H2CO3), which dis- been carried out in laboratories, where ocean conditions have already resulted sociates to release a hydrogen ion saturation states were reduced with CO2 in major oyster seed production declines + – (H2CO3 H + HCO3) or reacts and held constant to match the expected (Barton et al., 2012; Washington directly to consume carbonate ions changes in surface ocean chemistry sev- State Blue Ribbon Panel on Ocean 2– – (H2CO3 + CO3 2HCO3 ). This acid- eral decades in the future. Acidification, 2012), and the shellfish ification process decreases the satura- Recent research shows a clear link industry has adopted a comprehensive tion state of aragonite (Ωarag) and calcite between natural variability in seawater strategy to understand, and mitigate, fur- (Ωcal), the two mineral forms of calcium Ωarag along the Oregon coast and com- ther impacts on commercial production carbonate that most bivalves use to form mercial production of Pacific oyster lar- (Washington State Blue Ribbon Panel on their shells. A variety of shell-forming vae in a hatchery setting, where food Ocean Acidification, 2012). Using fund- organisms have been shown to be highly and water temperatures are maintained ing from state, federal, and industry Oceanography | June 2015 147 groups, shellfish hatcheries have forged academia, federal and state scientists, and seed became prohibitively expensive, and partnerships with university research- the local management community flour- it became clear that growers could not ers, and are now some of the best instru- ished in ways that benefited all sectors; rely solely on inconsistent natural spawn- mented monitoring stations for collecting and the industry’s strategy to adapt as OA ing events (Dumbauld et al., 2011) to sup- carbonate chemistry measurements in the continues to advance globally. port their burgeoning industry (Gordon coastal zone. Industry uses these mon- and Blanton, 2001). itoring data as a real-time management PACIFIC NORTHWEST By the late 1970s, successful commer- tool to optimize water treatment systems SHELLFISH INDUSTRY cial hatcheries were established in the and improve commercial production of Shellfish have been harvested in the Pacific Northwest and began supplying oyster larvae. Additionally, hatcheries Pacific Northwest for thousands of years, billions of “eyed” (setting size) larvae to provide a perfect environment for mon- and commercial oyster farming has been growers each year. The three major com- itoring biological responses, given that an important cultural and economic part mercial hatcheries that currently supply typical hatchery protocols require rou- of coastal communities in the Northwest larvae to the West Coast shellfish indus- tine tracking and measurement of larval since the late 1800s. Today, shellfish farm- try are Whiskey Creek Shellfish Hatchery cohorts. The industry has capitalized on ing supports over $270 million in eco- (Netarts Bay, OR), Taylor Shellfish this by forging relationships with phys- nomic activity and over 3,000 family Hatchery (Dabob Bay, WA), and Coast iologists and geneticists to determine wage jobs in rural areas throughout the Seafoods Hatchery (Quilcene Bay, WA). the mechanisms behind larval mortality region. Although shellfish farms can be These hatcheries combine with smaller events and develop long-term strategies found throughout Oregon, Washington, hatcheries in Washington and Hawaii to adapt to further declines in water qual- Alaska, California, and Hawaii, most to produce 40–60 billion eyed larvae ity predicted for the coming decades. of the oysters harvested in the Pacific each year, and their 30 years of consis- More importantly,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Distribution and Sedimentary Characteristics of Tsunami Deposits
    Sedimentary Geology 200 (2007) 372–386 www.elsevier.com/locate/sedgeo Distribution and sedimentary characteristics of tsunami deposits along the Cascadia margin of western North America ⁎ Robert Peters a, , Bruce Jaffe a, Guy Gelfenbaum b a USGS Pacific Science Center, 400 Natural Bridges Drive, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, United States b USGS 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States Abstract Tsunami deposits have been found at more than 60 sites along the Cascadia margin of Western North America, and here we review and synthesize their distribution and sedimentary characteristics based on the published record. Cascadia tsunami deposits are best preserved, and most easily identified, in low-energy coastal environments such as tidal marshes, back-barrier marshes and coastal lakes where they occur as anomalous layers of sand within peat and mud. They extend up to a kilometer inland in open coastal settings and several kilometers up river valleys. They are distinguished from other sediments by a combination of sedimentary character and stratigraphic context. Recurrence intervals range from 300–1000 years with an average of 500–600 years. The tsunami deposits have been used to help evaluate and mitigate tsunami hazards in Cascadia. They show that the Cascadia subduction zone is prone to great earthquakes that generate large tsunamis. The inclusion of tsunami deposits on inundation maps, used in conjunction with results from inundation models, allows a more accurate assessment of areas subject to tsunami inundation. The application of sediment transport models can help estimate tsunami flow velocity and wave height, parameters which are necessary to help establish evacuation routes and plan development in tsunami prone areas.
    [Show full text]
  • States Vulnerable to Ocean Acidification
    PACIFIC NORTHWEST IS AT HIGH RISK FOR ECONOMIC HARM DUE TO OCEAN ACIDIFICATION According to a new assessment of the U.S. communities most vul- nerable to ocean acidification, the Date Water Pacific Northwest is at high risk of Unfavorable Economic Sensitivity To Shellfish Score Other Factors economic harm. Communities and 2006 - 2030 High Algae Blooms 2031 - 2050 Medium High River Inputs governments can still take action, 2051 - 2070 Medium Upwelling 2071 - 2099 Medium Low researchers say. 2099 + Low MAP LEFT: The long-term economic impacts of ocean acidification are expected to be most severe in regions where ocean areas are acidifying soonest (black) and where the residents rely most on local shellfish for their livelihood (red). Local factors such as algae blooms from nutrient pollu- tion, local upwelling currents, and poorly buffered rivers (green, purple, blue) can amplify acidification locally. adapted by NRDC from Ekstrom et al., 2015 adapted by NRDC from Ekstrom et al., 2015 WHY IS THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST A HOTSPOT? ECONOMIC DEPENDENCE OCEAN VULNERABILITY A SALTY GOLDMINE. Shelled Some believe Puget Sound is the greatest oyster-growing mollusk fisheries in Washington region on the planet. Cold, clean and Oregon produce slightly water from deep currents off the more than $100 million annu- coast, a winding coastline with ally in direct sales. Though the thousands of inlets with sheltered economic benefits extend well water, and an abundant supply of beyond the value of the harvest. The estimated mountain-fed rivers all contribute to this perception. But this same formula has also total annual economic impact of aquaculture in put the region at risk from ocean acidification.
    [Show full text]
  • EA for Cascadia Spring/Summer Survey 2020
    Draft Environmental Assessment/Analysis of a Marine Geophysical Survey by R/V Marcus G. Langseth of the Cascadia Subduction Zone in the Northeast Pacific Ocean, Late Spring/Summer 2020 Prepared for Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory 61 Route 9W, P.O. Box 1000 Palisades, NY 10964-8000 and National Science Foundation Division of Ocean Sciences 4201 Wilson Blvd., Suite 725 Arlington, VA 22230 by LGL Ltd., environmental research associates 22 Fisher St., POB 280 King City, Ont. L7B 1A6 21 November 2019 LGL Report FA0186-01A Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................................. v ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF ACRONYMS ..................................................................................................................................... ix I PURPOSE AND NEED ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Mission of NSF ................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Purpose of and Need for the Proposed Action ................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Oceanography of the Pacific Northwest Coastal Ocean and Estuaries with Application to Coastal Ecosystems
    Oceanography of the Pacific Northwest Coastal Ocean and Estuaries with Application to Coastal Ecosystems Barbara M. Hickey1 and Neil S. Banas School of Oceanography Box 355351 University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7940 Tel.: 206 543 4737 e-mail: [email protected] Submitted to Estuaries May 2002 1Corresponding author. Hickey and Banas 2 Abstract This paper reviews and synthesizes recent results on both the coastal zone of the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) and several of its estuaries, as well as presenting new data from the PNCERS program on links between the inner shelf and the estuaries, and smaller-scale estuarine processes. In general ocean processes are large-scale on this coast: this is true of both seasonal variations and event-scale upwelling-downwelling fluctuations, which are highly energetic. Upwelling supplies most of the nutrients available for production, although the intensity of upwelling increases southward while primary production is higher in the north, off the Washington coast. This discrepancy is attributable to mesoscale features: variations in shelf width and shape, submarine canyons, and the Columbia River plume. These and other mesoscale features (banks, the Juan de Fuca eddy) are important as well in transport and retention of planktonic larvae and harmful algae blooms. The coastal-plain estuaries, with the exception of the Columbia River, are relatively small, with large tidal forcing and highly seasonal direct river inputs that are low-to-negligible during the growing season. As a result primary production in the estuaries is controlled principally not by river-driven stratification but by coastal upwelling and bulk exchange with the ocean.
    [Show full text]
  • Holocene) Diatoms (Bacillariophyta
    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Taxonomy of recent and fossil (Holocene) diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from northern Willapa Bay, Washington by Eileen Hemphill-Haley1 OPEN-FILE REPORT 93-289 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 1. Menlo Park, CA 94025 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................! INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................^ Background for the Study .......................................................................................1 Related Studies......................................................................................................2 METHODS........................................................................................................................^ FLORAL LIST.....................................................................................................................4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......................................................................................................120 REFERENCES...................................................................................................................121 FIGURES Figure 1. Sample
    [Show full text]
  • Paleoseismicity of the Southern End of the Cascadia Subduction Zone, Northwestern California by David W
    Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 102, No. 3, pp. 1059–1078, June 2012, doi: 10.1785/0120110103 Ⓔ Paleoseismicity of the Southern End of the Cascadia Subduction Zone, Northwestern California by David W. Valentine, Edward A. Keller, Gary Carver, Wen-Hao Li, Christine Manhart, and Alexander R. Simms Abstract The southern end of the Cascadia subduction zone (CSZ) in northwestern California poses a high seismic hazard. This study uses the Quaternary stratigraphy of the bays and estuaries to reconstruct coseismic subsidence caused by strong to great earthquakes. We used lithology, macrofossils, and microfossils to estimate the amount of relative sea-level change at contacts caused by coseismic subsidence. Our paleo- seismic record contains evidence of four to six earthquakes over the past 2000 years. Using the pattern and magnitude of submergence and other paleoseismic information (trenches and other sites), we determine whether the earthquakes were local or regio- nal. We found that the record contained evidence for both smaller strong to major earthquakes on local structures (Mw 6.5–7.2) and larger regional subduction-zone- M >8:2 related great earthquakes ( w ). We compared our record to other records from Oregon and Washington and found three earthquakes likely caused by the rupture of the entire CSZ around approximately 230–270 (the A.D. 1700 event), 1150–1400, and 1750–1900 cal B.P. In addition, two other local earthquakes likely occurred around 500–600, 1000–1250, and possibly 1500–1650 cal B.P. Online Material: Table of radiocarbon ages obtained in the study. Introduction Prior to the works of Heaton and Kanamori (1984) and Our new record of earthquakes is compared to other paleoseis- Atwater (1987), the earthquake and tsunami threat along the mic studies further to the north to provide a better understand- Cascadia subduction zone (CSZ) was classified as minimal ing of the length of rupture along the CSZ.
    [Show full text]
  • The West Coast Ocean Acidification and Hypoxia Science Panel MAJOR FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS, and ACTIONS
    The West Coast Ocean Acidification and Hypoxia Science Panel MAJOR FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND ACTIONS APRIL 2016 Table of Contents I. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 II. Major Findings ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 III. Panel Recommendations ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 IV. Appendices...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................13 Appendix A: Why West Coast managers should care about ocean acidification .......................................................................................................................................................14 Appendix B: Why the West Coast is vulnerable to ocean acidification – and what we can learn from it .............................................................................................................16 Appendix c: Managing for resilience
    [Show full text]
  • Netarts Water Trail Guidebook
    YOU HAVE ARRIVED! SCROLL DOWN TO FIND YOUR MOST CURRENT DRAFT This page does not print tillamook county water trail OREGON neTARTS WATERSHED Produced by the Tillamook Estuaries Partnership WelcomeWelcome to the Nehalemto Netarts Bay With the publication of the Netarts Bay water trail guidebook, a chapter closes for the local water trail community. It was over ten years ago that the Tillamook County Water Trail (TCWT) vision was brought forth. Since then, the five watersheds of Tillamook County have been celebrated through four guidebooks which reveal the uniqueness and similarities of local waterways and entice paddlers to explore further. Though the guidebooks are now complete, it is not the end of this endeavor. It will be exciting to see what blossoms from this experience and the efforts inspired by water trail enthusiasts. The TCWT has been a huge success, offering information that may not otherwise get into the hands of visitors, residents, and non-motorized paddlers. This project demonstrates that stewardship can happen in a thoughtful way, gently guiding folks in a direction of a healthy environment, while balancing recreation, community, and economy. Netarts Bay invites one to slow down, breathe deeply, and take a closer look. The bay is relatively small at just under four square miles. There are 14 streams and tributaries that encompass the entire 19 square mile watershed. Some wander through wetlands and others flow directly to the bay. The small community of Netarts Don Best, Best Impressions Picture Co. Don Best, lies at the north end of the bay and neighboring Oceanside is close by.
    [Show full text]
  • Aragonite Saturation State Dynamics in a Coastal Upwelling Zone Katherine E
    GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 40, 2720–2725, doi:10.1002/grl.50460, 2013 Aragonite saturation state dynamics in a coastal upwelling zone Katherine E. Harris,1 Michael D. DeGrandpre,1 and Burke Hales2 Received 11 February 2013; revised 8 April 2013; accepted 9 April 2013; published 6 June 2013. [1] Coastal upwelling zones may be at enhanced risk from [3] Coastal upwelling zones, such as the one along the ocean acidification as upwelling brings low aragonite U.S. Pacific coast, naturally experience low ΩAr values as saturation state (ΩAr) waters to the surface that are further Ekman transport pumps subsurface water onto the shelf dur- suppressed by anthropogenic CO2. ΩAr was calculated with ing periods of equatorward winds [Hales et al., 2005a; Feely pH, pCO2, and salinity-derived alkalinity time series data et al., 2008; Cao et al., 2011; Fassbender et al., 2011]. These from autonomous pH and pCO2 instruments moored on upwelling events also bring nutrients into the euphotic zone the Oregon shelf and shelf break during different seasons [Hales et al., 2005b]; and as a result, coastal upwelling zones from 2007 to 2011. Surface ΩAr values ranged between are some of the most biologically productive in the world 0.66 Æ 0.04 and 3.9 Æ 0.04 compared to an estimated [Muller-Karger et al., 2005]. The resultant commercial fish- pre-industrial range of 1.0 Æ 0.1 to 4.7 Æ 0.1. Upwelling eries are economically important [Chavez and Messie, 2009] of high-CO2 water and subsequent removal of CO2 by and therefore ocean acidification could have important implica- phytoplankton imparts a dynamic range to ΩAr from tions for both the marine ecosystem and the fisheries economy ~1.0 to ~4.0 between spring and autumn.
    [Show full text]
  • Benthic Autotrophy in Netarts Bay, Oregon
    NETARTS BA) OREGON Final TechnicalReport to the Environ mental Protection Agency BENTHIC AUTOTROPHY IN NETARTS BAY, OREGON E ST U AR E In Reference to BIOLOGICAL Jiiiii( / EPA Research P ROCESSES \PRocE Grant No. R806780 (ACRO- OregonState University May I, 1983 7 ZOSTERA ALGAL / ss xposil PRIMARY PRIMARY \ 'ROD PROD1T O(TRITAL) PRETIO BENThIC AUTOTROPHY IN NETARTS BAY, OREGON Final Report Submitted June 1, 1983, to the Environmental Protection Agency 200 S.W. 35th Street Corvallis, OR97331 Prepared by C. David Mclntire, Professor and Michael W. Davis, Mary E. Kentula, and Mark Whiting Research Assistants Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331 in reference to EPA Research Grant No. R806780 entitled: "Relationships Between Nutrient Fluxes and Benthic Plant Processes in Netarts Bay, Oregon TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Background . .. .......... ....... Conceptual Framework for the Research Ecosystem Processes and Process Capacity ATentative Model of Estuarine Processes Netarts Bay . ............ ...... ...... EPARhodanuLneStudiesofl978andl979 ...... Some Relevant Literature ......... ........... ....... Benthic Microflora ...... .......... ...... Zostera and Macroalgae . .. Some Relevant Laboratory Studies ............................... Columbia River Project . ..... .. TheAlgaiPrimaryProductionSubsystetu... ........... Production Dynamics of Sediment-Associated Algae in Netarts Bay, Oregon . ....... Sampling Strategy ............... Methods . , . .. , ........ Primary Production . .........
    [Show full text]
  • Changing Ocean Chemistry a High School Curriculum on Ocean Acidification’S Cause, Impacts, and Solutions
    Changing Ocean Chemistry A High School Curriculum on Ocean Acidification’s Cause, Impacts, and Solutions Brian Erickson Marine Resource Management Program, Oregon State University Tracy Crews Oregon Sea Grant, Oregon State University Sm&fut Oregon Changing Ocean Chemistry A High School Curriculum on Ocean Acidification’s Cause, Impacts, and Solutions Brian Erickson Marine Resource Management Program, Oregon State University Tracy Crews Oregon Sea Grant, Oregon State University Written by Brain Erickson and Tracy Crews; designed and laid out by Heidi Lewis; edited by Rick Cooper, Brian Erickson, and Tracy Crews; cover photo by Tiffany Woods; inset photos by iStock.com/heinstirrer (top) and Tiffany Woods (middle and bottom). © 2019 by Oregon State University. This publication may be photocopied or reprinted in its entirety for noncommercial purposes. To order additional copies of this publication, call 541-737-4849. This publication is available in an accessible format on our website at seagrant.oregonstate.edu/publications, where you can also find a complete list of Oregon Sea Grant publications. This report was prepared by Oregon Sea Grant under award number NA18OAR4170072 (project number A/E/C-OED 2018-21) from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Sea Grant College Program, U.S. Department of Commerce, and by appropriations made by the Oregon State Legislature. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of these funders. Gifuit OregonState Oregon University• Oregon Sea Grant Corvallis, OR ORESU-E-19-002 Acknowledgments This curriculum would not have been possible without funding from Wendy and Eric Schmidt’s generous gift in support of Oregon State University’s Marine Studies Initiative, in honor of Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Barton, Alan, Et Al. the Pacific Oyster
    Limnol. Oceanogr., 57(3), 2012, 698–710 E 2012, by the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc. doi:10.4319/lo.2012.57.3.0698 The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, shows negative correlation to naturally elevated carbon dioxide levels: Implications for near-term ocean acidification effects Alan Barton,a Burke Hales,b,* George G. Waldbusser,b Chris Langdon,c and Richard A. Feelyd a Pacific Coast Shellfish Grower’s Association, Emerald Isle, North Carolina bCollege of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon c Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Coastal Marine Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Newport, Oregon dPacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington Abstract We report results from an oyster hatchery on the Oregon coast, where intake waters experienced variable carbonate chemistry (aragonite saturation state , 0.8 to . 3.2; pH , 7.6 to . 8.2) in the early summer of 2009. Both larval production and midstage growth (, 120 to , 150 mm) of the oyster Crassostrea gigas were significantly negatively correlated with the aragonite saturation state of waters in which larval oysters were spawned and reared for the first 48 h of life. The effects of the initial spawning conditions did not have a significant effect on early-stage growth (growth from D-hinge stage to , 120 mm), suggesting a delayed effect of water chemistry on larval development. Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) driven by on the North American Pacific coast takes on the order of anthropogenic emissions has resulted in the addition of decades to transit from the point of subduction to the over 140 Pg-C (1 Pg 5 1015 g) to the ocean (Sabine et al.
    [Show full text]