Data Rescue 3 User's Guide
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Cygwin User's Guide
Cygwin User’s Guide Cygwin User’s Guide ii Copyright © Cygwin authors Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this documentation provided the copyright notice and this per- mission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this documentation under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this documentation into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation. Cygwin User’s Guide iii Contents 1 Cygwin Overview 1 1.1 What is it? . .1 1.2 Quick Start Guide for those more experienced with Windows . .1 1.3 Quick Start Guide for those more experienced with UNIX . .1 1.4 Are the Cygwin tools free software? . .2 1.5 A brief history of the Cygwin project . .2 1.6 Highlights of Cygwin Functionality . .3 1.6.1 Introduction . .3 1.6.2 Permissions and Security . .3 1.6.3 File Access . .3 1.6.4 Text Mode vs. Binary Mode . .4 1.6.5 ANSI C Library . .4 1.6.6 Process Creation . .5 1.6.6.1 Problems with process creation . .5 1.6.7 Signals . .6 1.6.8 Sockets . .6 1.6.9 Select . .7 1.7 What’s new and what changed in Cygwin . .7 1.7.1 What’s new and what changed in 3.2 . -
11.7 the Windows 2000 File System
830 CASE STUDY 2: WINDOWS 2000 CHAP. 11 11.7 THE WINDOWS 2000 FILE SYSTEM Windows 2000 supports several file systems, the most important of which are FAT-16, FAT-32, and NTFS (NT File System). FAT-16 is the old MS-DOS file system. It uses 16-bit disk addresses, which limits it to disk partitions no larger than 2 GB. FAT-32 uses 32-bit disk addresses and supports disk partitions up to 2 TB. NTFS is a new file system developed specifically for Windows NT and car- ried over to Windows 2000. It uses 64-bit disk addresses and can (theoretically) support disk partitions up to 264 bytes, although other considerations limit it to smaller sizes. Windows 2000 also supports read-only file systems for CD-ROMs and DVDs. It is possible (even common) to have the same running system have access to multiple file system types available at the same time. In this chapter we will treat the NTFS file system because it is a modern file system unencumbered by the need to be fully compatible with the MS-DOS file system, which was based on the CP/M file system designed for 8-inch floppy disks more than 20 years ago. Times have changed and 8-inch floppy disks are not quite state of the art any more. Neither are their file systems. Also, NTFS differs both in user interface and implementation in a number of ways from the UNIX file system, which makes it a good second example to study. NTFS is a large and complex system and space limitations prevent us from covering all of its features, but the material presented below should give a reasonable impression of it. -
Tinkertool System 7 Reference Manual Ii
Documentation 0642-1075/2 TinkerTool System 7 Reference Manual ii Version 7.5, August 24, 2021. US-English edition. MBS Documentation 0642-1075/2 © Copyright 2003 – 2021 by Marcel Bresink Software-Systeme Marcel Bresink Software-Systeme Ringstr. 21 56630 Kretz Germany All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be redistributed, translated in other languages, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. This publication may contain examples of data used in daily business operations. To illustrate them as completely as possible, the examples include the names of individuals, companies, brands, and products. All of these names are fictitious and any similarity to the names and addresses used by an actual business enterprise is entirely coincidental. This publication could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes are periodically made to the information herein; these changes will be incorporated in new editions of the publication. The publisher may make improvements and/or changes in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described in this publication at any time without notice. Make sure that you are using the correct edition of the publication for the level of the product. The version number can be found at the top of this page. Apple, macOS, iCloud, and FireWire are registered trademarks of Apple Inc. Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group. Broadcom is a registered trademark of Broadcom, Inc. Amazon Web Services is a registered trademark of Amazon.com, Inc. -
Designing PCI Cards and Drivers for Power Macintosh Computers
Designing PCI Cards and Drivers for Power Macintosh Computers Revised Edition Revised 3/26/99 Technical Publications © Apple Computer, Inc. 1999 Apple Computer, Inc. Adobe, Acrobat, and PostScript are Even though Apple has reviewed this © 1995, 1996 , 1999 Apple Computer, trademarks of Adobe Systems manual, APPLE MAKES NO Inc. All rights reserved. Incorporated or its subsidiaries and WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH No part of this publication may be may be registered in certain RESPECT TO THIS MANUAL, ITS reproduced, stored in a retrieval jurisdictions. QUALITY, ACCURACY, system, or transmitted, in any form America Online is a service mark of MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS or by any means, mechanical, Quantum Computer Services, Inc. FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. AS A electronic, photocopying, recording, Code Warrior is a trademark of RESULT, THIS MANUAL IS SOLD “AS or otherwise, without prior written Metrowerks. IS,” AND YOU, THE PURCHASER, ARE permission of Apple Computer, Inc., CompuServe is a registered ASSUMING THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO except to make a backup copy of any trademark of CompuServe, Inc. ITS QUALITY AND ACCURACY. documentation provided on Ethernet is a registered trademark of CD-ROM. IN NO EVENT WILL APPLE BE LIABLE Xerox Corporation. The Apple logo is a trademark of FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, FrameMaker is a registered Apple Computer, Inc. INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL trademark of Frame Technology Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY Corporation. (Option-Shift-K) for commercial DEFECT OR INACCURACY IN THIS purposes without the prior written Helvetica and Palatino are registered MANUAL, even if advised of the consent of Apple may constitute trademarks of Linotype-Hell AG possibility of such damages. -
The Open Scripting Architecture: Automating, Integrating, and Customizing Applications
The Open Scripting Architecture: Automating, Integrating, and Customizing Applications Unpublished manuscript, 1993 William R. Cook Warren H. Harris Apple Computer Apple Computer Research Topic areas: Language design and implementation, tools and environments, components and frameworks, concurrent and distributed systems, databases and persistence. Abstract The Open Scripting Architecture combines aspects of object-oriented programming, distributed computation, database queries, and dynamic languages into a powerful and practical system for automation, integration, and customization of applications and system services. Applications are integrated together with distributed messaging. The messages operate upon user-level application objects, like windows and spreadsheet cells that are identified by queries over properties and document containment structure. A general-purpose scripting language automates message sending and handling, and supports persistence and mobile objects. Applications call on scripting services to customize the behavior of their objects through a generic script management API. 1 Introduction The Open Scripting Architecture (OSA) is a comprehensive infrastructure for automating complex or repetitive tasks, integrating distributed applications and system services, and customizing application behavior. These end-user benefits are supported by a synergistic combination of technologies: distributed messaging and referencing of application objects, object-oriented scripting languages, and script development and management tools. Object-oriented concepts are used throughout the architecture, in the scripting language, the system, and the applications. The OSA is unique in several respects. First, it decouples the clients of scripting services (applications) from the providers of those services (language processors like AppleScript™). This decoupling allows for uniform scriptability across all applications in the same way a graphics toolbox provides a uniform GUI. -
Of Waveform, Magnified at This Time Zooms in 4X and Only Provides 1024X768 Resolution at Zoom; 4010, Not 4014 Resolution)
ulation with programs such as MacWrite as well as tables for transfer to Macintosh spreadsheet, database, or graphics pro- grams. We have sent text to other computers using MacTerminal but not to the IBM mainframe. MacTerminal provides for file transfer to and using the Xmodem protocol, and from other computers in ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) text (files can be pasted in text to other computers, but only a clipboard -full at a time. Its latest version allows the BACKSPACE key to be programmed to be a DELETE key (a menu selection), a convenience for DEC users. Tekalike (Mesa Graphics) isthe earliest graphics terminal emulator we used on the Macintosh. It emulates the Tektronix 4010, 4012, 4014 and 4016 graphics terminals (a later version we have not yet tested adds VT -100 and VT -640). It also provides the ability to pan and zoom on areas selected by the mouse and to save plots for MacPaint on MacDraw for full 300 dots -per -inch LaserWriter resolution. It was this program that first enabled us to consider the Macintosh as a replacement for graphics terminals. The Macintosh could not only view plots at its 512X342 resolution, but thanks to the pan and zoom, could view parts of plots at full 4014 (4096X3072) resolution, a feature then available only on much more expensive graphics terminals (some other personal computers now have programs for Tektronix 4010/4014 emulation, but the best known to me Start of waveform, magnified at this time zooms in 4X and only provides 1024X768 resolution at zoom; 4010, not 4014 resolution). -
Secure Untrusted Data Repository (SUNDR)
Secure Untrusted Data Repository (SUNDR) Jinyuan Li, Maxwell Krohn,∗ David Mazieres,` and Dennis Shasha NYU Department of Computer Science Abstract for over 20,000 different software packages. Many of these packages are bundled with various operating sys- SUNDR is a network file system designed to store data tem distributions, often without a meaningful audit. By securely on untrusted servers. SUNDR lets clients de- compromising sourceforge, an attacker can therefore in- tect any attempts at unauthorized file modification by troduce subtle vulnerabilities in software that may even- malicious server operators or users. SUNDR’s protocol tually run on thousands or even millions of machines. achieves a property called fork consistency, which guar- Such concerns are no mere academic exercise. For ex- antees that clients can detect any integrity or consistency ample, the Debian GNU/Linux development cluster was failures as long as they see each other’s file modifications. compromised in 2003 [2]. An unauthorized attacker used An implementation is described that performs compara- a sniffed password and a kernel vulnerability to gain su- bly with NFS (sometimes better and sometimes worse), peruser access to Debian’s primary CVS and Web servers. while offering significantly stronger security. After detecting the break-in, administrators were forced to freeze development for several days, as they employed manual and ad-hoc sanity checks to assess the extent of 1 Introduction the damage. Similar attacks have also succeeded against Apache [1], Gnome [32], and other popular projects. SUNDR is a network file system that addresses a long- Rather than hope for invulnerable servers, we have de- standing tension between data integrity and accessibility. -
User Manual Version 3.0 Documentation for Eazydraw Versions 3.0 and Newer
User Manual Version 3.0 Documentation for EazyDraw versions 3.0 and newer. ® have fun drawing on OS X Vector drawing software application for the Macintosh. Dekorra Optics, LLC ©2008 EazyDraw, a Dekorra Optics, LLC enterprise. All rights reserved. ®EazyDraw is a trademark of Dekorra Optics, LLC, registered in the U.S. Mac and Mac logo are trademarks of Apple COmputer, Inc. registered in the U.S. and other countries. Dekorra Optics, LLC is an authorized licensee of Mac and the Mac Logo. PLEASE READ THIS LICENSE CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS SOFTWARE. BY CLICKING THE "ACCEPT" BUTTON OR BY USING THIS SOFTWARE, YOU AGREE TO BECOME BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE, CLICK THE "DECLINE" BUTTON, DO NOT USE THIS SOFTWARE, AND PROMPTLY RETURN IT TO THE PLACE WHERE YOU OBTAINED IT FOR A FULL REFUND. IF YOU LICENSED THIS SOFTWARE UNDER AN EAZYDRAW VOLUME LICENSE AGREEMENT, THEN THE TERMS OF SUCH AGREEMENT WILL SUPERSEDE THESE TERMS, AND THESE TERMS DO NOT CONSTITUTE THE GRANTING OF AN ADDITIONAL LICENSE TO THE SOFTWARE. The enclosed computer program(s) ("Software") is licensed, not sold, to you by Dekorra Optics, LLC. and/or EazyDraw, LLC. (referred to as "DEKORRA") for use only under the terms of this License, and DEKORRA reserves any rights not expressly granted to you. Dekorra Optics, LLC is a Wisconsin Limited Liability Corporation, located at N5040 Beach Garden Rd, Poynette, WI 53955. You own the media on which the Software is recorded or fixed, but DEKORRA and its licensers retain ownership of the Software itself. -
Apple File System Reference
Apple File System Reference Developer Contents About Apple File System 7 General-Purpose Types 9 paddr_t .................................................. 9 prange_t ................................................. 9 uuid_t ................................................... 9 Objects 10 obj_phys_t ................................................ 10 Supporting Data Types ........................................... 11 Object Identifier Constants ......................................... 12 Object Type Masks ............................................. 13 Object Types ................................................ 14 Object Type Flags .............................................. 20 EFI Jumpstart 22 Booting from an Apple File System Partition ................................. 22 nx_efi_jumpstart_t ........................................... 24 Partition UUIDs ............................................... 25 Container 26 Mounting an Apple File System Partition ................................... 26 nx_superblock_t ............................................. 27 Container Flags ............................................... 36 Optional Container Feature Flags ...................................... 37 Read-Only Compatible Container Feature Flags ............................... 38 Incompatible Container Feature Flags .................................... 38 Block and Container Sizes .......................................... 39 nx_counter_id_t ............................................. 39 checkpoint_mapping_t ........................................ -
Sharing Mac® Files on Windows® Servers a Technical Best Practices Whitepaper
WHITE PAPER The Best of Both Worlds: Sharing Mac® Files on Windows® Servers A Technical Best Practices Whitepaper About This Document Apple’s® Mac® OS X computer platform has seen its market share grow rapidly in Enterprise environments recently. This has been driven by the popularity of innovative products like the iPhone® and the MacBook Air, as well as Mac OS X’s security and its ability to run virtualized instances of Windows® applications. As a result, Macs are entering the Enterprise through senior level executives or formal corporate pilot projects. Laura DiDio from industry consultancy Information Technology Intelligence Corporation released a survey in late 2008 that showed 68% of some 700 companies polled planned to allow their end-users to deploy Macs as their work systems in the next 12 months. Separately, a recent survey by the Enterprise Desktop Alliance showed that 91% of IT administrators indicated that integration and management parity between Macs and PCs were major issues of importance to their organization. This whitepaper discusses the issues involved in sharing files between Macs and Windows servers and compares the options for successful integration. It is intended for systems administrators, technical evaluators and decision-makers who are considering upgrading or purchasing GroupLogic’s ExtremeZ-IP® solution for the first time. Overview While Apple’s Xserve provides a pure Mac file server solution, most organizations use Windows file servers. Additionally, the official Xserve end-of-life was declared by Apple in January 2011 and Apple no longer offers a server-grade, rack- mountable hardware solution. Existing investments in Windows technology and training, heavy usage, a high volume of users, virtualization and cluster environments often mean that changing a company’s IT strategy is neither economically nor politically feasible. -
ZFS Basics Various ZFS RAID Lebels = & . = a Little About Zetabyte File System ( ZFS / Openzfs)
= BDNOG11 | Cox's Bazar | Day # 3 | ZFS Basics & Various ZFS RAID Lebels. = = ZFS Basics & Various ZFS RAID Lebels . = A Little About Zetabyte File System ( ZFS / OpenZFS) =1= = BDNOG11 | Cox's Bazar | Day # 3 | ZFS Basics & Various ZFS RAID Lebels. = Disclaimer: The scope of this topic here is not to discuss in detail about the architecture of the ZFS (OpenZFS) rather Features, Use Cases and Operational Method. =2= = BDNOG11 | Cox's Bazar | Day # 3 | ZFS Basics & Various ZFS RAID Lebels. = What is ZFS? =0= ZFS is a combined file system and logical volume manager designed by Sun Microsystems and now owned by Oracle Corporation. It was designed and implemented by a team at Sun Microsystems led by Jeff Bonwick and Matthew Ahrens. Matt is the founding member of OpenZFS. =0= Its development started in 2001 and it was officially announced in 2004. In 2005 it was integrated into the main trunk of Solaris and released as part of OpenSolaris. =0= It was described by one analyst as "the only proven Open Source data-validating enterprise file system". This file =3= = BDNOG11 | Cox's Bazar | Day # 3 | ZFS Basics & Various ZFS RAID Lebels. = system also termed as the “world’s safest file system” by some analyst. =0= ZFS is scalable, and includes extensive protection against data corruption, support for high storage capacities, efficient data compression and deduplication. =0= ZFS is available for Solaris (and its variants), BSD (and its variants) & Linux (Canonical’s Ubuntu Integrated as native kernel module from version 16.04x) =0= OpenZFS was announced in September 2013 as the truly open source successor to the ZFS project. -
Macintosh Library Modules Release 2.4.1
Macintosh Library Modules Release 2.4.1 Guido van Rossum Fred L. Drake, Jr., editor 30 March 2005 Python Software Foundation Email: [email protected] Copyright c 2001-2004 Python Software Foundation. All rights reserved. Copyright c 2000 BeOpen.com. All rights reserved. Copyright c 1995-2000 Corporation for National Research Initiatives. All rights reserved. Copyright c 1991-1995 Stichting Mathematisch Centrum. All rights reserved. See the end of this document for complete license and permissions information. Abstract This library reference manual documents Python’s extensions for the Macintosh. It should be used in conjunction with the Python Library Reference, which documents the standard library and built-in types. This manual assumes basic knowledge about the Python language. For an informal introduction to Python, see the Python Tutorial; the Python Reference Manual remains the highest authority on syntactic and semantic questions. Finally, the manual entitled Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter describes how to add new extensions to Python and how to embed it in other applications. CONTENTS 1 Using Python on a Macintosh 1 1.1 Getting and Installing MacPython .................................. 1 1.2 The IDE ............................................... 2 1.3 The Package Manager ........................................ 3 2 MacPython Modules 5 2.1 macpath — MacOS path manipulation functions ......................... 5 2.2 macfs — Various file system services ............................... 5 2.3 ic — Access to Internet Config ................................... 8 2.4 MacOS — Access to Mac OS interpreter features .......................... 9 2.5 macostools — Convenience routines for file manipulation ................... 10 2.6 findertools — The finder’s Apple Events interface ...................... 10 2.7 EasyDialogs — Basic Macintosh dialogs ............................ 11 2.8 FrameWork — Interactive application framework ........................