Použitie Workflow V ERP Systémoch

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Použitie Workflow V ERP Systémoch MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA FAKULTA INFORMATIKY Û¡¢£¤¥¦§¨ª«¬­Æ°±²³´µ·¸¹º»¼½¾¿Ý Použitie workflow v ERP systémoch DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCA Bc. Lenka Krúpová Brno, jar 2014 Prehlásenie Prehlasujem, že táto diplomová práca je mojím pôvodným autorským die- lom, ktoré som vypracovala samostatne. Všetky zdroje, pramene a litera- túru, ktoré som pri vypracovaní používala alebo z nich cerpala,ˇ v práci riadne citujem s uvedením úplného odkazu na príslušný zdroj. Bc. Lenka Krúpová Vedúci práce: Ing. Leonard Walletzký, Ph.D. ii Pod’akovanie Rada by som pod’akovala Ing. Leonardovi Walletzkému, Ph.D. za to, že som mohla písat’ túto prácu pod jeho vedením. Dalejˇ by som rada pod’a- kovala pánovi Norbertovi Bedemu zo spolocnostiˇ MULTIMAGE s.r.o. za poskytnutie návrhu na modelový príklad workflow z praxe. Za pripomienky a návrhy technického aj štylistického charakteru by som rada pod’akovala mojej mamke Ing. Márii Krúpovej. V neposlednom rade by som rada po- d’akovala svojej rodine a priatel’ovi za psychickú podporu pri písaní tejto diplomovej práce. iii Zhrnutie Táto diplomová práca sa zaoberá použitím workflow v ERP systémoch. V texte sa najprv definujú základné pojmy z oblasti ERP systémov a ich väzby ku workflow. V práci je možné nájst’ porovnanie prístupu ku work- flow v rôznych open source ERP systémoch. Dalejˇ popisuje význam a po- stup tvorby workflow v ERP systéme iDempiere. V práci je navrhnutý mo- delový príklad workflow pre riešenie najcastejšieˇ vyskytujúcich sa situácií s prihliadnutím k inštalácii a poskytovaniu softvéru ako služby v cloude. iv Kl’úcovéˇ slová ERP systém, cloud, iDempiere, OpenERP, workflow, Softvér ako služba, podnikové procesy v Obsah 1 Úvod ................................3 2 Definícia základných pojmov ...................5 2.1 ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning.............5 2.1.1 Definícia ERP systému...............5 2.1.2 História ERP.....................5 2.1.3 Použitie ERP systémov...............7 2.1.4 Výhody použitia ERP................8 2.1.5 Nevýhody použitia ERP...............9 2.2 Workflow........................... 10 2.2.1 Podnikový proces.................. 10 2.2.2 Definícia workflow.................. 10 2.2.3 História WfMS.................... 12 2.2.4 Použitie workflow v ERP systémoch........ 12 2.2.5 Typy workflow.................... 13 2.2.6 Základné vlastnosti workflow............ 16 2.2.7 Výhody použitia workflow.............. 16 2.2.8 Nevýhody použitia workflow............ 17 2.3 Cloud............................. 18 2.3.1 Definícia cloudu................... 18 2.3.2 Základné vlastnosti Cloudu............. 18 2.3.3 Nasadzovacie modely................ 19 2.3.4 Distribucnéˇ modely................. 19 2.4 Softvér ako služba (SaaS) v cloude.............. 20 2.4.1 Definícia pojmu softvér ako služba......... 20 2.4.2 Výhody použitia SaaS................ 21 2.4.3 Nevýhody použitia SaaS............... 22 3 ERP systém iDempiere ...................... 24 3.1 O iDempiere.......................... 24 3.2 Moduly v iDempiere..................... 24 3.3 Typy užívatel’ov v iDempiere................. 27 3.4 Workflow v iDempiere.................... 29 3.4.1 General workflow.................. 30 3.4.2 Document Process workflow............ 31 3.4.3 Document Value workflow.............. 35 3.4.4 Nevýhody iDempiere workflow........... 36 1 3.4.5 Výhody iDempiere workflow............ 36 3.5 Prehl’ad workflow v konkurencnýchˇ ERP systémoch.... 37 3.5.1 OpenERP...................... 37 3.5.2 ERP5......................... 38 3.5.3 Apache OFBix/opentaps............... 39 3.5.4 Neogia........................ 39 3.6 Systém iDempiere v cloude.................. 40 4 Modelové príklady workflow ................... 43 4.1 Modelový príklad I – Nastavenie produktu typu náklad (Ge- neral workflow)........................ 43 4.1.1 Zaradenie a zhodnotenie modelového príkladu I.. 45 4.2 Modelový príklad II – Schval’ovanie faktúr (Document Pro- cess).............................. 46 4.2.1 Zaradenie a zhodnotenie modelového príkladu II.. 50 4.3 Modelový príklad III – Zaslanie e-mailoveho potvrdenia (Do- cument Value workflow)................... 51 4.3.1 Zaradenie a zhodnotenie modelového príkladu III. 55 5 Záver ................................ 56 A Elektronické prílohy ........................ 60 B Zdrojové kódy z aplikácie ..................... 61 C Identifikácia bežných procesov v rámci firmy .......... 62 D Snímky z aplikácie iDempiere ................... 66 2 1 Úvod Rýchly rast informacnýchˇ a komunikacnýchˇ technológií (ICT) v oblasti mikroelektroniky a pocítaˇ covéhoˇ hardvéru a softvéru ovplyvnil takmer vše- tky oblasti v rámci spolocnosti.ˇ Prostredie rôznych spolocnostíˇ sa corazˇ viac stáva komplexnejším, a preto je možné rozlíšit’ rôzne funkcnéˇ jed- notky v rámci infraštruktúry organizácie. Tieto funkcnéˇ jednotky majú ur- citéˇ vzt’ahy a vyžadujú inteligentný a rýchly spôsob komunikácie slúžiaci pre rozhodovanie, vcasnéˇ a efektívne zadávanie zákaziek na výrobu, ria- denie skladov, úctovníctva,ˇ l’udských zdrojov, rozdelenie tovaru a služieb a prípadne d’alších oblastí špecifických pre konkrétnu spolocnost’.ˇ V tejto súvislosti manažment spolocnostiˇ musí identifikovat’ efektívne informacnéˇ systémy, ktoré dopomôžu k zlepšeniu konkurencieschopnosti na trhu pri pa- ralelnom znižovaní nákladov. V momentálnej dobe si už všetky typy spo- locností,ˇ od najväcšíchˇ nadnárodných spolocnostíˇ až po podniky strednej a malej vel’kosti tzv. SME (z anglického Small and Medium Enterprises), zacínajúˇ uvedomovat’, že schopnost’ poskytovat’ správne informácie v správ- nom caseˇ prináša výhodu a výnimocnéˇ konkurencnéˇ postavenie na trhu. Systémy pre plánovanie podnikových zdrojov a podporu zamestnancov spo- locnostíˇ v ich každodennej práci sa stávajú každým dnomˇ viac dôležité a dalo by sa povedat’, že sú až nevyhnutné. Vel’mi castýmˇ riešením sa stáva použite ERP softvéru (softvér pre plá- novanie podnikových zdrojov z anglického Enterprise Resource Planning). ERP systémy vznikli koncom 80-tych a zaciatkomˇ 90-tych rokov. Hlavným užívatel’om ERP softvéru boli zo zaciatkuˇ hlavne rozsiahle a komplexné or- ganizácie. Prvé ERP systémy boli zložité, drahé a proprietárne, pricomˇ vy- žadovali konzultantov pre implementáciu softvéru podl’a požiadaviek kon- krétnej spolocnosti.ˇ V mnohých prípadoch boli spolocnostiˇ nútené zmenit’ svoje podnikové procesy, aby sa takto prispôsobili logike softvéru. Rýchly rast ICT prináša corazˇ viac výziev pre dodávatel’ov, ale aj zákazníkov ERP softvéru a núti ich takto spolupracovat’. Zavedenie a používanie ERP sys- témov je nikdy nekonciacimˇ procesom, a preto dopyt po ERP s otvoreným zdrojovým kódom (z anglického open source) rastie zo strany zákazníkov aj dodávatel’ov. Ideálny ERP softvér by mal poskytovat’ rýchlu výmenu mo- dulov, umožnovat’ˇ jednoduché zmeny a zárovenˇ by mal byt’ užívatel’sky prívetivý. Z tohoto dôvodu je dnes na trhu možné nájst’ mnoho kvalitných ERP softvérov s otvoreným zdrojovým kódom, akými sú napríklad iDem- 3 1. ÚVOD piere, Adempiere, OpenERP, Neogia a d’alšie. V tejto dobe sa už takmer žiadna spolocnost’ˇ nezaobíde bez podpory kritických podnikových procesov v rámci svojej infraštruktúry. Podnikové procesy sú základnými stavebnými prvkami pre budovanie úspechu a zvy- šovanie efektivity v rámci spolocnosti.ˇ Správne definovanie podnikových procesov napomáha pri plnení vízie a misie spolocnostiˇ a týmto zlepšuje konkurencnéˇ postavenie spolocnostiˇ vo svojom odvetví. Mnoho ERP sys- témov už umožnujeˇ modelovanie jednotlivých castíˇ procesov pomocou tzv. workflow (tok práce). Vo všeobecnosti sa jedná o logický a opakovatel’ný proces (alebo cast’ˇ procesu), pocasˇ ktorého sú dokumenty, informácie alebo úlohy odovzdávané od jedného úcastníkaˇ ku druhému (na základe súboru procedurálnych pravidiel). Ciel’om tejto diplomovej práce je nacrtnút’ˇ použitie workflow v najzná- mejších ERP s otvoreným zdrojovým kódom akými sú iDempiere, Open- ERP a d’alšie. Dalejˇ popísat’ význam a postup tvorby workflow v rámci jed- ného z ERP systémov a v konecnomˇ dôsledku navrhnút’ modelový príklad riešenia najcastejšieˇ sa vyskytujúcich situácií s prihliadnutím na inštaláciu a poskytovania SaaS v cloude. Pre konkrétne vysvetlenie postupu tvorby workflow a samotný modelový príklad bol vybraný ERP systém iDempiere verzia 2.0. V kapitole2 je možné nájst’ teoretickú cast’ˇ tejto diplomovej práce, ktorá sa venuje definovaniu základných pojmov pre potreby tejto práce. Ka- pitola3 sa zaoberá popisom workflow v iDempiere a porovnáva ho s work- flow v iných ERP systémoch s otvoreným zdrojovým kódom, ktoré sa na- chádzajú momentálne trhu. Modelové príklady workflow pre ERP systém iDempiere je možné nájst’ v kapitole4. Táto cast’ˇ vychádza z nasledujúcich zdrojov: [1][2][3][4]. 4 2 Definícia základných pojmov Táto kapitola sa zaoberá definíciou pojmov – ERP softvér, workflow, cloud a softvér ako služba. 2.1 ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning Táto podkapitola sa zaoberá základnou definíciou, históriou a použitím ERP systémov. 2.1.1 Definícia ERP systému ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) je informacnýmˇ systémom pre riadenie podniku založený na podnikovom manažmente. ERP systém pozostáva z in- tegrovaných sád komplexného softvéru tzv. modulov. Správne implemento- vaný ERP systém je možné využit’ na riadenie a integráciu všetkých podni- kových procesov v rámci spolocnosti.ˇ Moduly ERP softvéru spravidla zahr- nujúˇ pokrokové podnikové aplikácie a nástroje pre podporu financnéhoˇ a ná- kladového úctovníctva,ˇ predaja a distribúcie, materiálového manažmentu, riadenie l’udských zdrojov, plánovanie výroby, dodávatel’ského ret’azca a in- formáciách o zákazníkoch
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