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Air-Cruise Model Only 2 Hour flight and Then Sail in Antarctica
Last updated on Jan. 15, 2019 Traveling to the White Continent Te Drake Passage is the body of water that separates Cape Horn, the last piece of land belonging to the American continent, and the South Shetland Islands, located in Antarctica. Tis is where the Antarctic, the Pacific and the Atlantic oceans meet, which makes this merging point one of the most turbulent waters on Earth. 3 The traditional way from Ushuaia: 4 days crossing the Drake Passage To reach the Antarctic Peninsula, travel operators sail the tempestuous Drake Passage. But this comes with inconvenience for the traveller. · At least 50 hours South to reach the Antarctic peninsula · At least 50 hours North to get back to South America · Usually through rough seas, potentially causing sea sickness Watch Drake Passage video Highlight: Watch how crossing the Drake Passage looks like here. Visit antarctica21.com 4 Our Air-Cruise Model Only 2 hour flight and then sail in Antarctica Antarctica21’s innovative approach offers wilderness adventures that combine a 2-hour flight from Punta Arenas, located in the Chilean Patagonia, to the Antarctic peninsula, where our expedition vessel waits for the travelers to embark on an incredible journey. · Comfort: Avoid the Drake Passage’s storm · Speed: Reach the Antarctic Peninsula faster · Size: Small-ship, yacht-like experience Highlight: Antarctica21 is the world’s first Antarctic air-cruise and has led the way since 2003. Visit antarctica21.com Watch Air-Cruise Video Fly & Sail Expeditions Experience the best of Antarctica 6 Comfort Skip the stormy waters of the Drake Passage Rough seas are common in the Drake Passage. -
Rapid Cenozoic Glaciation of Antarctica Induced by Declining
letters to nature 17. Huang, Y. et al. Logic gates and computation from assembled nanowire building blocks. Science 294, Early Cretaceous6, yet is thought to have remained mostly ice-free, 1313–1317 (2001). 18. Chen, C.-L. Elements of Optoelectronics and Fiber Optics (Irwin, Chicago, 1996). vegetated, and with mean annual temperatures well above freezing 4,7 19. Wang, J., Gudiksen, M. S., Duan, X., Cui, Y. & Lieber, C. M. Highly polarized photoluminescence and until the Eocene/Oligocene boundary . Evidence for cooling and polarization sensitive photodetectors from single indium phosphide nanowires. Science 293, the sudden growth of an East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) comes 1455–1457 (2001). from marine records (refs 1–3), in which the gradual cooling from 20. Bagnall, D. M., Ullrich, B., Sakai, H. & Segawa, Y. Micro-cavity lasing of optically excited CdS thin films at room temperature. J. Cryst. Growth. 214/215, 1015–1018 (2000). the presumably ice-free warmth of the Early Tertiary to the cold 21. Bagnell, D. M., Ullrich, B., Qiu, X. G., Segawa, Y. & Sakai, H. Microcavity lasing of optically excited ‘icehouse’ of the Late Cenozoic is punctuated by a sudden .1.0‰ cadmium sulphide thin films at room temperature. Opt. Lett. 24, 1278–1280 (1999). rise in benthic d18O values at ,34 million years (Myr). More direct 22. Huang, Y., Duan, X., Cui, Y. & Lieber, C. M. GaN nanowire nanodevices. Nano Lett. 2, 101–104 (2002). evidence of cooling and glaciation near the Eocene/Oligocene 8 23. Gudiksen, G. S., Lauhon, L. J., Wang, J., Smith, D. & Lieber, C. M. Growth of nanowire superlattice boundary is provided by drilling on the East Antarctic margin , structures for nanoscale photonics and electronics. -
Identifying Overlap Between Humpback Whale Foraging Grounds and the Antarctic Krill fishery MARK
Biological Conservation 210 (2017) 184–191 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Conservation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Identifying overlap between humpback whale foraging grounds and the Antarctic krill fishery MARK ⁎ Ben G. Weinsteina, , Michael Doubleb, Nick Galesb, David W. Johnstonc, Ari S. Friedlaendera a Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, 2030 Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA b Australian Antarctic Division, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia c Duke University Marine Laboratory, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The Antarctic krill fishery is the largest in the southern ocean, but currently operates without fine-scale Cetaceans information on whale movement and behavior. Using a multi-year dataset of satellite-tagged whales, as well as Bayesian movement models information on krill catch levels, we analyzed the spatial distribution of whales and fisheries effort within the Gerlache Strait small-scale management units defined by the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living CCAMLR Resources (CCAMLR). Using a Bayesian movement model to partition whale movement into traveling and area- Fisheries management restricted search states, we found that both whale behavior and krill catch effort were spatially clustered, with distinct hotspots of the whale activity in the Gerlache and southern Branfield Straits. These areas align with increases in krill fishing effort, and present potential areas of current and future conflict. We recommend that the Antarctic West and Bransfield Strait West management units merit particular attention when setting fine-scale catch limits and, more broadly, consideration as critical areas for krill predator foraging. -
Darwin's Route from Ushuaia
Darwin’s Route from Ushuaia Departing from Ushuaia, retrace the route of Charles Darwin aboard HMS Beagle on an expedition cruise through the secluded Fuegian Archipelago at the bottom of South America. Our adventurous nine-day (eight-night) itinerary includes legendary Cape Horn and historic Wulaia Bay, as well as Glacier Alley, the penguin boisterous colonies on Tuckers and Magdalena islands, as well as the spectacular fjords that harbor Pía and Águila glaciers. While visiting Patagonia you'll also encounter massive ice fields, lush sub-polar forests and secluded beaches on islands that remain refreshingly remote and barely touched by civilization, a rare glimpse of what planet Earth must have been like before mankind. Midway through the journey, a half- day port call in Punta Arenas leaves plenty of time to explore a city rich in history, architecture and Patagonian culture before resuming the journey back to Ushuaia. (B = Breakfast, L = Lunch, D = Dinner) NOTE: You can also start in Punta Arenas. Similar itinerary available on the Stella Australis. Operates between September & April. Please ask for more details. Day 1: Ushuaia Check in at 409 San Martín Ave. in downtown Ushuaia between 10:00 and 17:00 (10 AM-5 PM) on the day of your cruise departure. 2016-2017 Season: Board the M/V Stella Australis at 17:30 (5:30 PM). 2017-2018 Season: Board the M/V Stella Australis at 18:00 (6 PM). After a welcoming toast and introduction of captain and crew, the ship departs for one of the most remote corners of planet Earth. -
Chapter 4 Tectonic Reconstructions of the Southernmost Andes and the Scotia Sea During the Opening of the Drake Passage
123 Chapter 4 Tectonic reconstructions of the Southernmost Andes and the Scotia Sea during the opening of the Drake Passage Graeme Eagles Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Marine and Polar Research, Bre- merhaven, Germany e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Study of the tectonic development of the Scotia Sea region started with basic lithological and structural studies of outcrop geology in Tierra del Fuego and the Antarctic Peninsula. To 19th and early 20th cen- tury geologists, the results of these studies suggested the presence of a submerged orocline running around the margins of the Scotia Sea. Subse- quent increases in detailed knowledge about the fragmentary outcrop ge- ology from islands distributed around the margins of the Scotia Sea, and later their interpretation in light of the plate tectonic paradigm, led to large modifications in the hypothesis such that by the present day the concept of oroclinal bending in the region persists only in vestigial form. Of the early comparative lithostratigraphic work in the region, only the likenesses be- tween Jurassic—Cretaceous basin floor and fill sequences in South Geor- gia and Tierra del Fuego are regarded as strong enough to be useful in plate kinematic reconstruction by permitting the interpretation of those re- gions’ contiguity in mid-Mesozoic times. Marine and satellite geophysical data sets reveal features of the remaining, submerged, 98% of the Scotia 124 Sea region between the outcrops. These data enable a more detailed and quantitative approach to the region’s plate kinematics. In contrast to long- used interpretations of the outcrop geology, these data do not prescribe the proximity of South Georgia to Tierra del Fuego in any past period. -
Patagonian Explorer
PATAGONIAN EXPLORER Explore Patagonia on an adventurous five-day, four-night journeys between Ushuaia (Argentina) to Punta Arenas (Chile) through some of planet’s most remote places and incredible scenery. Discover the wild beauty of Patagonia on an Australis cruise that showcases the region’s pristine landscapes, rich wildlife and fascinating human history aboard an expedition ship that brings an extraordinary level of comfort and service to the uttermost edge of the world. Leaving the twinkling lights of Ushuaia behind, the vessel calls on fabled spots like Cape Horn and Wulaia Bay before cruising down the Beagle Channel. Continuing through the maze of islands, we’ll visit a number of glaciers, frozen giants that guard the southern flank of the ITINERARY Fuegian Archipelago, before entering the legendary Strait of Day 1 - Ushuaia Magellan. Last stop is the Isla Magdalena and its boisterous Check in at 160 Juan Manuel de Rosas Street in downtown Patagonia penguin colony before docking at Punta Arenas. Ushuaia between 10:00 and 17:00 (10 AM-5 PM) on the day of your cruise departure. Board the M/V Ventus Australis at 18:00 (6 PM). After a welcoming toast and introduction of captain and crew, the ship departs for one of the most remote corners of planet Earth. During the night we traverse the Beagle Channel and cross from Argentina into Chilean territorial waters. The lights of Ushuaia disappear as we turn into the narrow Murray Channel between Navarino and Hoste islands. Day 2 - Cape Horn - Wulaia Bay Around the break of dawn, Stella Australis crosses Nassau Bay and enters the remote archipelago that comprises Cape Horn National Park. -
Voyage to Patagonia and Cape Horn
English VOYAGE TO PATAGONIA AND CAPE HORN www.australis.com CHILE ARGENTINA PATAGONIA EL CALAFATE NATIONAL PARK TORRES DEL PAINE PUERTO NATALES Magdalena Island PUNTA ARENAS STRAIT OF MAGELLAN TIERRA Tuckers Islets DEL FUEGO Àguila Glacier Brookes Glacier Cóndor Glacier Ainsworth Bay USHUAÏA Porter Glacier BEAGLE CANAL Wulaia Bay Pia Glacier Glacier Alley Cape Horn Embarcation Ports A UNIQUE, UNFORGETTABLE Other points of interest in Patagonia JOURNEY TO Excursions THE END OF THE WORLD Panoramic Navigation — PATAGONIA Join us, for a one-off exploration of the natural wonders, isolated fjords and surprising wildlife of Tierra del Fuego in southernmost Patagonia. Here at Australis we have been navigating the waters of Cape Horn, the Beagle Channel and Strait of Magellan since 1990 as a leading expedition cruise company. During that time our passion and goal has never changed: to transport our guests to another world, one which is wild and beautiful, untouched by humankind and rarely seen by tourists; a unique experience that will not be forgotten. A UNIQUE, UNFORGETTABLE JOURNEY TO THE END OF THE WORLD — www.australis.com Australis cruise routes all encompass the hidden canals, fjords and environments of this evocative part of Patagonia. We have access to areas that other cruise operators do not, meaning that your on-land and offshore excursions – whether trekking towards giant glaciers, wandering forest trails or exploring the delights of the Penguin colony – will be in complete isolation. Our itineraries also include a stop at Cape Horn, the southernmost point in the Americas which is often nicknamed the ‘End of the World’. -
Day 1: Punta Arenas Check in at 1385 O'higgins Street (Arturo Prat Port) in Punta Arenas Between 13:00 and 17:00 (1-5 PM) on T
Day 1: Punta Arenas Check in at 1385 O’Higgins Street (Arturo Prat Port) in Punta Arenas between 13:00 and 17:00 (1-5 PM) on the day of your cruise departure. Board the M/V Stella Australis or M/V Via Australis at 18:00 (6 PM). After a welcoming cocktail reception hosted by the captain and his crew, the ship departs for one of the remotest corners of planet Earth. During the night we cross the Strait of Magellan and enter the labyrinth of channels that define the southern extreme of Patagonian. The twinkling lights of Punta Arenas gradually fade into the distance as we enter the Whiteside Canal between Darwin Island and Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego. Day 2: Ainsworth Bay – Tuckers Islets By dawn the ship is sailing up Admiralty Sound, a spectacular offshoot of the Strait of Magellan that stretches nearly halfway across Tierra del Fuego. The snow-capped peaks of Karukinka Natural Park stretch along the north side of the sound, while the south shore is defined by the deep fjords and broad bays of Alberto de Agostini National Park. We go ashore at Ainsworth Bay, which harbours copious bird life and a colony of southern elephant seals which can sometimes be spotted from the Zodiacs. Two guided excursions are available: one is along the edge of a stream, peat bog and beaver habitat to a waterfall-and-moss-covered rock face tucked deep inside a pristine sub-polar forest; the other is a more strenuous hike along the crest of a glacial moraine. -
Journey to Antarctica with Bryn Mawr
JOURNEY TO ANTARCTICA: THE WHITE CONTINENT Aboard National Geographic Explorer | December 8-21, 2021 Remote. Untrammeled. Spectacular. Antarctica is one of the most exhilarating adventures on Earth. Every facet is thrilling and lovely. Its vastness is both humbling and uplifting, as is the ice in all its myriad forms. Relish the penguins—with their endlessly amusing antics, gabbling in their rookeries, bobbing by on a blue berg, or catapulting on to the shore. See mountains rising some 9,000 feet up from the sea and an abundance of marine mammals. Hike and explore by Zodiac. Travel with an expedition leader and naturalists who have hundreds of journeys under their parkas. A National Geographic photographer will give talks and one-on-one photo tips in the field, and an undersea specialist captures rarely seen footage of life beneath the icy surface for viewing in the comfort of the ship’s lounge. Spend your days and nights on a once-in-a-lifetime polar adventure with the Traveling Aggies. DECEMBER 8, 2021: U.S./FLY TO BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA Depart U.S. this evening on an overnight flight to Buenos Aires. DECEMBER 9: BUENOS AIRES Arrive this morning in cosmopolitan Buenos Aires, set on the Rio de la Plata, and check in to the fine Alvear Art Hotel (or similar). In the afternoon, enjoy a guided tour of the city, seeing its Beaux Arts palaces, grand boulevards, and the famous balcony forever associated with Eva Peron. In the early evening, we gather for an informal reception at the hotel. (Day 2: L) DECEMBER 10: FLY TO USHUAIA, ARGENTINA/EMBARK SHIP Today we fly by private charter flight to Ushuaia, Argentina. -
29. Evolution of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean Basin
29. EVOLUTION OF THE SOUTHWESTERN ATLANTIC OCEAN BASIN: RESULTS OF LEG 36, DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT The Shipboard Scientific Party1 Together with Wayne Harris, and William V. Sliter INTRODUCTION cores only and will be considered only briefly here. The four successful sites of the leg were drilled on the Leg 36 started in Ushuaia, Argentina, on 4 April Falkland (Malvinas) Plateau and in the Malvinas Outer 1974 and finished in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on 22 May Basin. The Falkland Plateau extends eastwards from 1974. It completed the second of three austral summer the continental shelf of the South American continent seasons of drilling planned for Antarctic waters during (Figure 1). The 500-fathom submarine contour lies east Phase III of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. In fact Leg of the Falkland Islands which consist of a meta- 36 brought the Antarctic drilling program of Phase III morphic complex overlain by Paleozoic-Triassic sedi- to an end, because the plan to drill south of Africa dur- mentary strata deformed in the early Mesozoic and cut ing the austral summer of 1974-75 had to be abandoned by mafic dykes (Greenway, 1972). The strata can be for want of a suitable escort vessel. correlated with rocks of comparable age in South The two main objectives of Leg 36 as originally con- America and southern Africa. There is therefore no ceived by the Antarctic Advisory Panel were to in- reason to doubt that the western portion of the plateau vestigate the geologic histories of the Scotia Arc and of at least is underlain by continental crust. -
Review of Small Cetaceans. Distribution, Behaviour, Migration and Threats
Review of Small Cetaceans Distribution, Behaviour, Migration and Threats by Boris M. Culik Illustrations by Maurizio Wurtz, Artescienza Marine Mammal Action Plan / Regional Seas Reports and Studies no. 177 Published by United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Secretariat of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). Review of Small Cetaceans. Distribution, Behaviour, Migration and Threats. 2004. Compiled for CMS by Boris M. Culik. Illustrations by Maurizio Wurtz, Artescienza. UNEP / CMS Secretariat, Bonn, Germany. 343 pages. Marine Mammal Action Plan / Regional Seas Reports and Studies no. 177 Produced by CMS Secretariat, Bonn, Germany in collaboration with UNEP Coordination team Marco Barbieri, Veronika Lenarz, Laura Meszaros, Hanneke Van Lavieren Editing Rüdiger Strempel Design Karina Waedt The author Boris M. Culik is associate Professor The drawings stem from Prof. Maurizio of Marine Zoology at the Leibnitz Institute of Wurtz, Dept. of Biology at Genova Univer- Marine Sciences at Kiel University (IFM-GEOMAR) sity and illustrator/artist at Artescienza. and works free-lance as a marine biologist. Contact address: Contact address: Prof. Dr. Boris Culik Prof. Maurizio Wurtz F3: Forschung / Fakten / Fantasie Dept. of Biology, Genova University Am Reff 1 Viale Benedetto XV, 5 24226 Heikendorf, Germany 16132 Genova, Italy Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] www.fh3.de www.artescienza.org © 2004 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) / Convention on Migratory Species (CMS). This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. -
The Cordillera of the Andes Boundary Case (Argentina, Chile)
REPORTS OF INTERNATIONAL ARBITRAL AWARDS RECUEIL DES SENTENCES ARBITRALES The Cordillera of the Andes Boundary Case (Argentina, Chile) 20 November 1902 VOLUME IX pp. 37-49 NATIONS UNIES - UNITED NATIONS Copyright (c) 2006 37 AWARD BY HIS MAJESTY KING EDWARD VII IN THE ARGENTINE- CHI LE BOUNDARY CASE, 20 NOVEMBER 1902 x WHEREAS, by an Agreement dated the 17th day of April 1896, the Argentine Republic and the Republic of Chile, by Their respective Representatives, determined: THAT should differences arise between their experts as to the boundary-line to be traced between the two States in conformity with the Treaty of 1881 and the Protocol of 1893, and in case such differences could not be amicably settled by accord between the two Governments, they should be submitted to the decision of the Government of Her Britannic Majesty; AND WHEREAS such differences did arise and were submitted to the Govern- ment of Her late Majesty Queen Victoria; AND WHEREAS the Tribunal appointed to examine and consider the differences which had so arisen, has — after the ground has been examined by a Com- mission designated for that purpose — now reported to Us, and submitted to Us, after mature deliberation, their opinions and recommendations for Our consideration ; Now, WE, EDWARD, by the grace of God, King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India, etc., etc., have arrived at the following decisions upon the questions in dispute, which have been referred to Our arbitration, viz. : 1.