WATER

north council Ecologically Sustainable Development Best Practice Project

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER

Project Coordinator: Alex Williams - Senior Strategic Planner Planning and Development Services

WATER author: Natalie Roxburgh - Sustainability Programs and Education Support Officer Open Space and Environmental Services WATER Contents

Project Overview 3

Introduction 4 Strategic Vision and Goals 7 WATER SENSITIVE URBAN DESIGN 9 Stage 1 - Regulatory Environment 9 WATER SENSITIVE URBAN DESIGN – Commonwealth 9 WATER SENSITIVE URBAN DESIGN – State (NSW) 10 WATER SENSITIVE URBAN DESIGN – Local (North Sydney Council) 14 Discussion: 14 • Does the regulatory framework at Commonwealth and State levels allow scope 14 for intervention at the local level to achieve water use and water sensitive urban design objectives?

• Is the LEP/DCP an appropriate place for regulation regarding water sensitive urban 15 design?

• Do existing provisions meet Council’s goals and objectives regarding water 15 sensitive urban design?

Stage 2 – Best Practice Local Authority Initiatives 18 Local Authority Initiatives in WSUD – 18 Local Authority Initiatives in WSUD – Overseas 20 Discussion: 25 • How have local authorities in NSW, other States and Territories and overseas 25 incorporated water sensitive urban design objectives into planning processes?

• What is ‘Best Practice”? 26 Stage 3 – Reviews and Recommendations 28 recommendations 35

REFERENCES 42

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER Appendix A Review of Water Related Provisions from Other Australian Local Authorities against North Sydney Draft DCP Provisions 45 Appendix B Best Practice – International 61 Appendix C North Sydney DDCP 2012 Assessment 65 WATER 3 Project Overview

The project aims to locate North Sydney’s regulation of powers available to Council to influence outcomes development relative to ESD best practice. The project also through new or amended planning provisions and to aims to outline actions that will lead to the achievement state how Council is currently utilising these powers; of best practice. Council staff have therefore worked 2. A review of relevant provisions contained in planning to identify, or develop, provisions that will improve documents from other local authorities – to the sustainability performance of new developments identify how other jurisdictions have incorporated compared to current practice in order to assist Council in sustainability objectives into planning documents and meeting its 2020 Vision objectives. The project has involved to identify ‘best practice’ provisions and processes; five areas of research: 3. A review of North Sydney draft LEP 2012 and draft DCP • Energy; 2012 provisions against ‘best practice’ – to establish recommendations that will ensure best practice • Water; ESD regulation is applied to the assessment of new • Waste; development in North Sydney. • Biodiversity; and Each stage of work is accompanied by a set of questions • Transport. and answers relevant to the objective of each stage. While Council draws much of its power and responsibilities North Sydney draft LEP 2012 and draft DCP 2012 (2012 from the Local Government Act 1993, this project is primarily exhibition versions) were used for this project on the concerned with the development and building regulatory expectation that they will come into force in the near functions given to Council via the Environmental Planning future. Should their coming into force be delayed and Assessment Act 1979 (EP&A Act). Of specific interest is beyond the completion of this project, many of the Council’s ability under Part 3 of the EP&A Act to influence recommendations remain relevant and should form the the content of Local Environmental Plans (LEPs) and to basis of amendments to North Sydney LEP 2001 and DCP prepare accompanying development control plans (DCPs) 2002. as well as Council’s role under Part 4 of the EP&A Act in development assessment and control. Each area of research was coordinated by North Sydney Council staff with relevant expertise in the area. While Each of the above sustainability research areas were research was undertaken according to the needs of each approached using a three stage process: research area, the final recommendations were assessed 1. A review of the existing Commonwealth, State and by strategic planning staff to ensure compatibility with the local regulatory environment – to establish the legal overall planning and assessment framework.

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER Introduction

Water resources are a critical asset, Wong and Ashley (2006) state that the • applied research to achieve supporting the environment, towns term WSUD “….comprises two parts optimal results (Government of and cities, the economy and social – ‘Water Sensitive’ and ‘Urban Design’. Western Australia, September amenities. As the driest inhabited Urban Design is a well recognised 2009). continent, Australia must use its field associated with the planning limited water resources wisely. Of all and architectural design of urban WSUD provides a range of measures continents, Australia has the least environments, covering issues that to help address the environmental river water, the lowest run-off and the have traditionally appeared outside degradation that flows from smallest area of permanent wetlands. of the water field but nevertheless traditional practices of stormwater Australia’s rainfall and stream flow are interact or have implications to management. WSUD is about the most variable in the world. environmental effects on land and designing our urban environments water. WSUD brings ‘sensitivity to to more closely match the original The location of adequate supplies of water’ into urban design, i.e. it aims water cycle that exists, prior to water for domestic and commercial to ensure that water is given due development. It is about: use has shaped the geographic prominence within the urban design • Trying to more closely match the distribution of the population, its processes. culture and quality of life. Water of pre-development stormwater adequate quantity and quality is also The words “Water Sensitive” define runoff regime – both quantity central to the integrity of the natural a new paradigm in integrated urban and quality; environment and the maintenance water cycle management that • Optimising the use of rainwater of ecosystems. As the population integrates the various disciplines that falls on our urban areas; grows, the demand and competition of engineering and environmental • Reducing the amount of for accessing water resources will sciences associated with the provision water we transport between increase (Agriculture and Resource of water services including the catchments, both in water supply Management Council of Australia and protection of aquatic environments in import and wastewater export. New Zealand, 1994). urban areas. Community values and aspirations of urban places necessarily Traditional urban development By international standards, Australia govern urban design decisions places pressure on the quantity and has one of the highest total per capita and therefore water management quality of rain water resources by water consumption levels. Within practices. increasing impervious areas which cities, data on water use suggest limits the potential for infiltration and that residential housing block size is The principles of WSUD provide groundwater recharge. This leads to the most important factor affecting for the sustainable, efficient use not only increased overland flows, but consumption due to garden and and reuse of water from a range also far more rapid delivery of those lawn watering. Thus, core and inner of sources, incorporating water flows and the associated pollutants areas can consume about half the supply; wastewater, stormwater and into the receiving environment. water per person than outer suburbs groundwater management; urban Receiving water quality is also (Planning Institute of Australia, 2012). design and environmental protection. affected by increased volumes and An integrated strategy involves flow peaks of stormwater run-off. The National Water Initiative defines WSUD as “the integration of urban • education to raise awareness and WSUD principles can be applied planning with the management, promote new behaviours; to a range of land uses including protection and conservation of the • regulation including water residential, commercial and industrial, urban water cycle that ensures that licensing and minimum water use and to a range of development urban water management is sensitive efficiency standards; economic scales from large-scale greenfield to natural hydrological and ecological tools such as subsidies/incentives developments to small infill processes” (Council of Australian and a water market to show the developments. Governments, 2004). economic value of water; 4 WATER 5

The incorporation of WSUD principles systems (creeks, rivers, wetlands) • Reduce runoff and peak flows into planning policy and urban within urban developments; – reduce peak flows from design programs and projects is an • Protect water quality – improve urban development by on site important opportunity for planners the quality of water draining from temporary storage measures to contribute to improved water urban developments into creeks, (with potential for reuse) and management. rivers and bay environments; minimise impervious areas; • Add value while minimising Consistent with the Urban • Integrate stormwater treatment development costs – minimise Stormwater: Best Practice into the landscape – use the drainage infrastructure cost Environmental Management stormwater treatment systems in of development; Guidelines (CSIRO 1999), the the landscape by incorporating key principles of WSUD from a multiple uses that will provide • Reduce potable water demand stormwater management and multiple benefits, such as water – use stormwater as a resource planning perspective are: quality treatment, wildlife habitat, through capture and reuse for public open space, recreational non-potable purposes (e.g. • Protect natural systems – protect and visual amenity for the toilet flushing, garden irrigation, and enhance natural water community; laundry).

Ecologically sustainable development  Water Sensitive Urban Design  Urban Design and Built Form  Urban Water Cycle Potable Water Wastewater Stormwater    Integrated Urban Water Management System Potable Water Wastewater Stormwater Conservation Minimisation Management – Demand management – Demand management – Demand management – Rain/stormwater reuse – Rain/stormwater reuse – Stormwater quality improvement – Water reuse – Water reuse – Stormwater quality management – Greywater – Greywater – Protect groundwater quality – Reclaimed – Reclaimed – Groundwater use – infiltration inflow reduction to – Aquifer storage and recovery protect groundwater    Protection of Aquatic Ecosystem Figure 1: Relationship between Water Sensitive Urban Design key principles (Landcom, 2009)

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER

The methods of implementing WSUD The introduction of WSUD measures in promoting Water Sensitive WATER include: reduces overland flow volumes Urban Design. It would be through increased infiltration and/ desirable, for example, if planning • Utilising water saving measures or soil moisture retention, and also strategies, Development Plans, within and outside domestic, a slowing down of water travelling and development assessment commercial, industrial and to the drainage system, resulting procedures included the principles institutional premises to minimise in reduction in flow velocities and of WSUD - sustainable, efficient use requirements for drinking and opportunities for settlement and and reuse of water from a range non-drinking water supplies; biological removal of pollutants. of sources, incorporating water • Storage, treatment and beneficial supply; wastewater, stormwater and use of runoff (at building One of the major advantages of groundwater management; water and street level, including WSUD is the ability to incorporate conservation; urban design and stormwater), instead of drainage measures that can benefit all environmental protection. system augmentation; components of the urban water cycle. WSUD elements such as demand Water use efficiency planning should • Using vegetation for treatment management, rainwater tanks, aquifer be considered at all project stages: purposes within water efficient storage and recovery and stormwater/ planning, design, construction, landscaping and to enhance grey water/wastewater reuse can operation and maintenance. Water biodiversity and amenity; all be useful elements in achieving efficiency measures are cost effective • Protection of water-related potable water and wastewater flow especially since water charges incur a environmental, recreational and reduction objectives (JSCWSC 2009). cost for each litre used. The potential cultural values by minimising for water savings through efficiency the ecological footprint of a Specific objectives are usually focused initiatives increases as the volume project associated with providing on the following: of water used increases. New and water supply, wastewater and upgraded water use systems should stormwater services; • Substitution of potable water supply (e.g. irrigation of parks incorporate industry best practice • Localised treatment and reuse and gardens with harvested (that is practically and economically systems to reduce potable water stormwater or recycled feasible). Existing systems should consumption and minimise wastewater, provision of a third move towards best practice, while environmentally harmful pipe recycled water system to acknowledging the constraints of discharges; with rainwater, industrial users, use of collected existing infrastructure. stormwater, wastewater, rainwater for domestic toilet groundwater and grey water as One of the key features of WSUD is flushing, external applications, alternative sources of water. This the ability to use vegetation as part of hot water supply (with can involve the application of the overall landscape aesthetic, thus appropriate controls) and cold these alternative technologies improving the amenity and overall water supply to the laundry); at lot, neighbourhood or function of a development, allowing district residential scales or for • Improvement in waste water the built environment to ‘integrate’ commercial/industrial/high rise quality through additional with the natural fabric. developments; treatment to allow for more beneficial uses; Issues relating to the maintenance • Provision of stormwater or and ongoing operation of WSUD • Reduction in potable demand other recycled urban waters to elements, and their adoption in and reduction in potable water provide environmental water constrained or existing urban areas usage; requirements for modified are critical, and need to be considered watercourses; • Wastewater reuse and reduction in the objective setting process, such • Flexible institutional in wastewater discharge. as: arrangements to cope with By defining how, where and increased uncertainty and • Designing for maintenance (e.g., when new development occurs, access pathways, consideration of variability in climate (JSCWSC, the planning system can play 2009). machinery required, drying areas an important supporting role etc); 6 7

WATER• Utility placement; 1.2 Improve the health and 3.1.1.2 Ensure the design of major • Provision of maintenance plans cleanliness of local waterways infrastructure and public with any WSUD asset; 1.2.1.1 Capture and remove gross domain contributes to North Sydney’s business • Providing dedicated service pollutants from stormwater needs corridors within particular 1.2.1.4 Promote and implement elements (e.g. grassed swales); water sensitive urban 3.2 Ensure North Sydney CBD is one • Consideration of multiple use design of Australia’s largest commercial corridors, wherever possible (e.g., centres 1.3 Improve North Sydney’s drainage paths aligning with environmental footprint and 3.2.1.4 Ensure that decision service locations); encourage the responsible use of making in reference to the • Designing for minimum life-cycle natural resources CBD respects the needs of costs, with specific consideration surrounding residents and 1.3.1.2 Promote efficient use of of regular maintenance and asset the natural environment water and use of recycled renewal. water Our Social Vitality The objective of assessing the 1.3.1.8 Ensure that sustainable 4.5 Improve community safety and environmentally sustainable aspects water management accessibility of the North Sydney Council Draft practices are included in Development Control Plan is to all environmental planning 4.5.1.4 Regulate urban design ensure that council achieves the best and development controls to maintain and improve return from the available water in public safety terms of collection, use and disposal. Our Built Environment 4.6 Promote affordable housing and 2.1 Ensure the long term sustainability accommodation of infrastructure and assets North Sydney Council 4.6.1.1 Provide a range of Strategic Vision and 2.1.1.2 Extend capacity of affordable housing and Goals infrastructure through accommodation types, flexible, multipurpose including low cost, North Sydney Council’s 2020 Vision design and harnessing emergency and short term Community Strategic Plan sets of existing community housing to suit a changing a strategic direction for where infrastructure in new ways population the community of North Sydney 2.1.2.1 Provide and maintain wants to be in the year 2020. North stormwater infrastructure Our Civic Leadership Sydney Council prepared the Plan in that is consistent with partnership with local residents, the 5.1 lead North Sydney into a ecologically sustainable business community, other levels of sustainable future development principles government, educational institutions, 5.1.1.1 incorporate Community non-government community 2.2 Improve mix of land use and Strategic Plan directions, and cultural organisations and quality development goals, objectives and neighbouring councils. strategies into Council’s 2.2.3.1 Promote sustainable Delivery Program and design in future private The goals under the 2020 Vision Operational Plans/budgets regarding WSUD are: and public development 2.2.3.3 Encourage refurbishment 5.4 Ensure that the organisation is Our Living Environment of existing buildings for effective and efficient 1.1 Enhance the local natural better environmental 5.4.1.1 Ensure relevant Council environment and urban green performance processes and decisions space are accessible Our Economic Vitality 1.1.2.7 Encourage rooftop and In order to fulfil North Sydney hard surface greening 3.1 Ensure a vibrant, strong, and sustainable local economy Council’s 2020 Vision and the

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER proposed 2020 targets, the Water Management Plan residential buildings that will be constructed under BASIX (2009) was developed in consultation with staff across (Building and Sustainability Index) which are required to Council departments, as well as Councillor feedback consume 40% less potable water than existing dwellings and 2020 Vision community consultation. This Water (Kinesis 2009). Management Plan assesses current progress towards 2010 Council and community water reduction and water quality Best practice water conservation principles can be improvement targets and identifies potential reduction integrated into council planning policies and commitment and improvement actions. Further, Council joined two to water conservation and management incorporated voluntary water management programs: the Sydney Water into Development Plan Reviews and amendments. Every Drop Counts Business Program and the International Development Plans should take into account catchment Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) Water water management plans to ensure an integrated Campaign which were also incorporated in the Water approach. Management Plan.

North Sydney Council developed Stormwater Management Plans for Middle Harbour and Port Jackson North catchments in 1999 as directed by the Environment Protection Authority. These plans were also incorporated into the Water Management Plan (2009) to reflect a more holistic approach to water management, integrating the management of urban runoff, catchment water quality and water consumption.

North Sydney Council endorsed a community water reduction target in 2001/02 as part of the ICLEI Water Campaign program which was later incorporated into the Water Management Plan (2009) and 2020 Vision. The use of potable or drinking water supplied via the Sydney Water mains system was assessed within this review including water used by households, businesses, educational institutions and other activities within the LGA. From 2001/02 to 2007/08, an 18% reduction in water use from the community baseline occurred, attributable to both the impact of water restrictions imposed in October 2003 and to a wide range of water saving initiatives implemented by Sydney Water in collaboration with North Sydney Council.

Despite the large commercial centres located within the North Sydney LGA, commercial buildings are not high users of water. The largest water consumption is from the residential sector (73%), where garden irrigation, clothes washing and shower water consumption are the highest contributing factors to water use (Kinesis 2009).

Under a business as usual scenario, North Sydney community water consumption is expected to increase overtime due to the projected growth in new commercial and retail buildings. Conversely, residential water consumption is predicted to decline slightly, attributed to a small amount of residential development offset by new 8 WATER 9 water sensitive urban design Stage 1 - Regulatory Environment

A review of the existing regulatory territory government is required to A number of plans and programs environment regarding WSUD prepare an NWI implementation plan. have been developed under the NWI: represents the first key deliverable of the ESD Best Practice Project (Water). The NWI represents a shared • The National Urban Water and It forms a basis for understanding commitment by governments to Desalination Plan helps cities the legal powers available to increase the efficiency of Australia’s to secure their water supplies Council to influence long-term water use, leading to greater certainty and reduce their reliance on water conservation and stormwater for investment and productivity, rainfall dependent sources by management objectives through for rural and urban communities, supporting infrastructure projects new or amended planning provisions. and for the environment. Under the and research in desalination, The review of the existing framework NWI, state governments have made water recycling and stormwater provides an understanding of the commitments to: harvesting and reuse. • The Water Efficiency extent to which Council’s strategic • prepare water plans with provision Opportunities Program supports visions and goals can realistically for the environment; be incorporated into planning and encourages water efficiency • deal with over-allocated or mechanisms. in the commercial and industrial stressed water systems; sectors of the community. • improve pricing for water storage This program is implemented water sensitive and delivery; in NSW primarily through the urban design - • meet and manage urban water Sustainability Advantage Program Commonwealth demands. which assists businesses to All levels of government recognise achieve good environment The overall objective of the National that coordinated action is needed performance that will reduce risk, Water Initiative is to achieve a to move towards sustainable lower costs, improve productivity nationally compatible market, development, and to stop the and enhance reputation. regulatory and planning based widespread degradation of Australia’s • Water Smart Australia aimed to system of managing surface and natural resources. In 1992, the accelerate the development and groundwater resources for rural and Australian Heads of Government uptake of smart technologies urban use that optimises economic, endorsed the National Strategy and practices in water use across social and environmental outcomes. for Ecologically Sustainable Australia. The $1.6 billion program This includes environmental Development. The Strategy sets had funding over seven years management policy settings which out the framework for co-operative until 2011 and there are no further facilitate water use efficiency and decision-making in government, funding rounds planned for this innovation in urban areas and the and the promotion of ESD principles program. recognition of the connectivity throughout Australia. between surface and groundwater • The Water Efficiency Labelling and Standards (WELS) scheme The National Water Initiative 2004, resources and their management as a has been in operation for over or NWI, is Australia’s blueprint for single resource. five years and is now due for water reform and represents a shared The NWI recognises the importance mandatory review under the commitment by governments to of integrated urban planning in the terms of the Water Efficiency increase the efficiency of Australia’s development of water sensitive cities. Labelling and Standards Act water use, leading to greater certainty It includes support for water sensitive 2005. The scheme mandates for investment and productivity, for urban developments and guidelines that specified household water- rural and urban communities, and for evaluating options for water using products be registered and for the environment. Each state and sensitive urban design. labelled for their water efficiency.

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER Products currently included in the of Australia were placed on public recycling of materials, selection of scheme are washing machines, exhibition in 2012 and should soon appropriate and sustainable materials, dishwashers, showers, taps, toilets come into force. adaptability and reuse of buildings, and urinals. Flow controllers are layouts and built form, passive solar currently included in the scheme water sensitive urban design principles, efficient appliances on a voluntary basis. and mechanical services, soil zones design – State (NSW) • The National Rainwater and Grey for vegetation and reuse of water. The water Initiative provided rebates The Environmental Planning and overall aim of SEPP65 is to improve to households and surf lifesaving Assessment Act 1979 (EP&A Act) the design quality of residential flat clubs for rainwater tanks or grey and the Local Government Act 1993, development in NSW. water systems. The Australian establish the framework within which State Environmental Planning Policy Government has announced that planning and local government (Building Sustainability Index: BASIX) it will no longer be providing operate. 2004 ensures homes are designed rebates for rainwater tanks or grey The EP&A Act governs the to use less potable water and be water systems purchased after management, development and responsible for fewer greenhouse May 2011. conservation of natural and artificial gas emissions by setting energy and The Building Code of Australia (BCA) resources, for the purpose of water reduction targets for houses is produced and maintained by the promoting the social and economic and units. BASIX is a sustainable Australian Building Codes Board welfare of the community and a planning measure aiming to deliver (ABCB) on behalf of the Australian better environment. The Act aims to equitable and effective water and Government and State and Territory protect the environment, including greenhouse gas reductions across Governments. The goal of the BCA the protection and conservation of NSW. is to enable the achievement of native animals and plants, including BASIX applies to all residential nationally consistent, minimum threatened species, populations and developments throughout NSW necessary standards of relevant, ecological communities, and their with a total estimated cost of works health, safety (including structural habitats. In terms of development, the of $50,000 or more. BASIX, overrides safety and safety from fire), and Act promotes ecologically sustainable provisions of other environmental amenity and sustainability objectives development and provides increased planning instruments, including efficiently. opportunity for public involvement and participation in environmental LEPs, and development control The BCA contains technical provisions planning and assessment. plans (DCPs) that would otherwise for the design and construction add to, subtract from or modify of buildings and other structures, Under the EP&A Act, a State any obligations arising under the covering such matters as structure, Environmental Planning Policy (SEPP) BASIX scheme. However, LEP or fire resistance, access and egress, can be developed to make provision DCP provisions can encourage, or services and equipment, and energy with respect to any matter that, in offer incentives for, the adoption of efficiency as well as certain aspects the opinion of the Minister, is of State measures beyond those required by of health and amenity. The ABCB or regional environmental planning BASIX. recently produced the National significance. There are number of BASIX provides a means of setting Construction Code, integrating the SEPPs that impact water use and water and greenhouse reduction BCA and Plumbing Code of Australia stormwater management within the targets based on the NSW average into a single document which will North Sydney LGA: benchmark. These targets are a address areas of inconsistency and State Environmental Planning Policy 40% reduction in potable water overlap between the two codes. 65 – Design Quality of Residential consumption based on the There are no water use or efficiency Flat Development provides guidance average NSW annual potable water measures detailed within the National regarding the efficient use of consumption from the residential Construction Code however the natural resources, energy and water sector which is equal to 90,340 litres draft changes for the 2012 edition throughout the buildings full life of water per person per year. of the National Construction Code cycle, including aspects such as Volume One & Two - Building Code demolition of existing structures, 10 WATER 11 In NSW, new housing and alterations Exempt development was or ancillary development must be and additions with a total estimated introduced in NSW for minor forms conveyed by a gravity fed or charged cost of works of $50,000 or more of development where, subject to system to: must have a BASIX Certificate before satisfying pre-specified standards, (a) a public drainage system, or they can get planning approval. there is no need for planning or (b) an inter-allotment drainage BASIX sets key standards for energy construction approval to be obtained. system, or reduction, water use reduction and If the development standards are for thermal comfort. Some of the met, the development can be built (c) an on-site disposal system. criteria that lead to the resultant without needing to be approved by And that: development under BASIX include an accredited certifier or local council. All stormwater drainage systems within the orientation of the house and its Other legislative requirements for a lot and the connection to a public relationship to the garden. Household approvals, licences, permits and or an inter-allotment drainage system water-using products registered authorities may still apply. must: WELS also form part of the Building Sustainability Index (BASIX). Exempt development typically covers (a) if an approval is required small-scale structures associated with under section 68 of the Local As BASIX does not seek to regulate a dwelling such as sheds, pergolas, Government Act 1993, be how stormwater is managed, fences, rainwater tanks and fixed approved under that Act, or development control plans are able to barbecues. While these structures (b) if an approval is not required contain stormwater related objectives may be considered relatively minor, under section 68 of the Local and provisions. if not properly controlled they have Government Act 1993, comply the potential to impact adversely with any requirements for the State Environmental Planning Policy on neighbours or streetscapes. The (Infrastructure) 2007 identifies certain disposal of stormwater drainage standards within the NSW Housing contained in a development types of development which can Code minimise these impacts, by be carried out by or on behalf of control plan that is applicable to restricting the size and location of the land. public authorities. This facilitates the these structures. effective delivery of infrastructure In normal residential development across the State through a consistent Sections within the exempt scenarios this means that houses planning regime for infrastructure development code relevant to WSUD built under the Codes SEPP need and the provision of services, and include the subdivision dealing with to comply with the stormwater identifying the environmental rainwater tanks and water features disposal requirements set out in the assessment category into which (Subdivisions 30, 32, 33 and 40) as well applicable DCP. This offers Council an different types of infrastructure as those that increase the impervious opportunity to influence the disposal and services development fall. Of area of a site such as balconies, of stormwater from houses built as relevance is that water supply systems carports, driveways and paving complying development. and stormwater management (Subdivision 8, 9, 10, 14, 21, 28 and 39). systems generally can be undertaken The Local Government Act 1993 by public authorities without consent The Codes SEPP contains the General provides the legal framework for local or as exempt development. Housing Code which permits the government operations in New South erection of new single or two storey Wales. It gives local government the State Environmental Planning dwelling houses without the need ability to provide goods, services and Policy (Exempt and Complying to lodge a development application facilities, and to carry out activities, Development Codes) 2008, or Codes as long as a complying development appropriate to the current and future SEPP, aims to provide streamlined certificate can be obtained. needs of local communities and of assessment processes for types of the wider public. development that are of minimal Section 3.32 – Drainage of the General environmental impact that may be Housing Code contained within the The Act requires NSW councils to carried out without the need for Codes SEPP specifies that: properly manage, develop, protect, development consent. All stormwater drainage collecting as restore, enhance and conserve the a result of the erection of, or alterations environment in a manner that is or additions to, a dwelling house consistent with and promotes the

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER principles of ecologically sustainable • to protect, enhance and restore While not legislatively part of the development including the water sources, their associated planning system, rating tools are preparation of planning controls that ecosystems, ecological processes increasingly used in the assessment improve the sustainable management and biological diversity and their of new developments. The most of the urban water cycle. water quality; commonly used and widely • to recognise and foster the understood tools in the NSW system Under the Act, for community significant social and economic are the National Australian Built land categorised as a watercourse, benefits to the State that result Environment Rating System (NABERS) local government must protect the from the sustainable and efficient and the Green Star rating tool. biodiversity and ecological values use of water. of the in-stream environment, National Australian Built particularly in relation to water The Catchment Management Environmental Rating System quality and water flows, and to Authorities Act 2003 establishes (NABERS) was developed by manage watercourses to protect the authorities for the purpose of the Australian Government in riparian environment, particularly in devolving operational, investment consultation with industry and relation to riparian vegetation and and decision-making natural resource stakeholders. It is a national initiative habitats and bank stability, and to functions to catchment levels. managed by the NSW Office of promote community education, and Under this Act, Sydney Metropolitan Environment and Heritage. NABERS is community access to and use of the CMA (SMCMA) is the key regional a performance-based rating system watercourse, without compromising organisation for delivering urban for existing buildings. NABERS the other core objectives of the natural resource management in rates a building on the basis of its category. Metropolitan Sydney. Under the measured operational impacts on the SMCMA, the Catchment Action Plan environment, and provides a simple The Protection of the Environment (CAP) is the guiding document indication of how well businesses Operations Act 1997 aims to protect, for outcomes in the catchment are managing these environmental restore and enhance the quality community and investments in impacts compared with their peers of the environment in New South Sydney’s natural resources. It details and neighbours. NABERS ratings are Wales, having regard to the need long term strategic natural resource available for offices, hotels, shopping to maintain ecologically sustainable management strategies and directs centres and homes. development. It prevents the investment of public resources in line degradation of the environment by NABERS Water measures the water with community expectations. the use of mechanisms that promote consumption of an office building on pollution prevention and cleaner The NSW National Water Initiative a scale of zero to six stars, reflecting production, the reduction in the use Implementation Plan 2006 sets out the performance of the building of materials and the re-use, recovery the actions that NSW has already relative to the market, from very poor or recycling of materials and the completed and provides detailed performance (zero stars) to market making of progressive environmental information, for each NWI action, on leading performance (six stars). The improvements, including the the tasks and timeframes to complete market average rating is two and a reduction of pollution at source remaining commitments, and the half to three stars. through monitoring and reporting context within which these actions NABERS Water ratings are only requirements. are being implemented. available for whole buildings while The Water Management Act 2000 Under the NWI Implementation Plan, NABERS Energy ratings can be applied provides for the sustainable and the Water Efficiency Labelling and to individual tenancies. integrated management of the water Standards () Act While there is no commensurate sources of the State for the benefit of 2005 applies the Water Efficiency water requirement, recently the both present and future generations Labelling and Standards Act 2005 of Commercial Building Energy and, in particular: the Commonwealth as a law of this Efficiency Disclosure was announced, State to provide a uniform Australian • to apply the principles of requiring a NABERS Energy rating to approach to the regulation of water ecologically sustainable be disclosed when office space of efficiency labelling and standards. development; more than 2,000sqm is offered for 12 WATER 13 lease or sale from the 1st November • for the design and fit out of for designs that reduce potable 2011. campus style buildings such as water consumption by building schools and universities. occupants. Up to five points are Green Star is a comprehensive, awarded where the predicted national, voluntary environmental There are three credit points available potable water consumption for rating system that evaluates under the Green Star – Stormwater sanitary use within the building has the environmental design and module. The aim of the module is been reduced against a ‘best practice’ construction of building and is to encourage and recognise the benchmark. Additional points are an initiative of the Green Building minimisation of peak stormwater available for designs where potable Council of Australia (GBCA) with flows and the protection of water consumption of water-based support from industry and some receiving waters from pollutants. heat rejection systems is significantly government agencies. Green Star Points are awarded where the reduced; where water meters are covers a number of categories that post-development peak 1.5 year installed for all major water uses in assess the environmental impact Average Recurrence Interval (ARI) the project; and there is an effective that is a direct consequence of event discharge from the site does mechanism for monitoring water a projects site selection, design, not exceed the pre-development consumption data and designs that construction and maintenance. peak 1.5 year ARI event discharge provide sufficient temporary storage These categories are divided into and all stormwater discharged for a minimum of 80% of the routine credits, each addressing an initiative from site meets the set pollution fire protection system test water and that improves or has the potential to reduction targets. Currently, the maintenance drain-downs, for reuse improve environmental performance. use of biological treatment systems on-site; and where each floor fitted Credits for water address reduction is generally considered the only with a sprinkler system has isolation of potable water through efficient method of achieving compliance valves or shut-off points for floor-by- design of building services, water with the highest level of pollution floor testing. reuse and substitution with other reduction targets. water sources (specifically rainwater). Of particular relevance in determining An additional three credit points are the powers available to local councils Environmental weighting factors available under Green Star – Water to achieve ESD objectives through are also applied to reflect diverse Course Pollution for developments the planning and development environmental concerns across the that minimise stormwater runoff approval process has been the broad states and territories. The Green Star to, and the pollution of, natural powers given to private certifiers. rating scale ranges from ‘4 Stars’ Best watercourses. to gain these Private certifiers are able to issue Practice to ‘6 Stars’ World Leadership credits, the development must not complying development certificates, increase peak stormwater flows for Green Star ratings are available for the construction certificates and rainfall events of up to a 1 in-2 year occupation certificates thus replacing • design phase of new or storm; and all stormwater leaving the the traditional certification roles refurbished offices; site, at any time up to a 1 in 20 year undertaken by Council. Anecdotal storm event, is treated or filtered in • for the construction and evidence from Council’s assessment accordance with either: procurement of new or officers and building surveyors refurbished offices; • The Urban Stormwater Best suggests that it is not uncommon for construction certificates to be • for tenant fit outs, and more of Practice Environmental issued without due consideration for, the issues involved in commercial Management Guidelines (CSIRO and compliance with, conditions of offices which the tenant can have 1999); or consent attached to an applicable control over; • The Australian and New Zealand development consent. This • the extension of existing Environment Conservation undermines the use of conditions of commercial offices; Council (ANZECC)’s Guidelines for consent as a mechanism to overcome • for the design phase of new or Urban Stormwater Management. a lack of information being provided refurbished shopping centres as at DA stage. well as extensions; For potable water reduction, a total of twelve credit points are available within the Green Star Water module

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER Energy Use/Efficiency While water demand is not explicitly planning instruments (EPIs) and - Local (North Sydney mentioned, applicants sometimes development control plans (DCPs) Council) address water use efficiency in their cannot include any further provisions SEE. relating to reducing potable water Under the EP&A Act local councils consumption. are responsible for the development The use of ‘innovative sustainable of LEPs which establish land use and design to reduce water consumption, However, provisions under EPIs and broad principles for development, and the achievement of sustainability DCPs that are for purposes different while a DCP typically establishes requirements’ is a general objective to BASIX and aim to address the objectives and targets for issues such for the following sections of draft impacts of stormwater on receiving as WSUD. DCP 2012: waters continue to have effect for the design and assessment of new Reviewing Council’s existing planning • Section 1: Residential development dwellings. It should be noted that provisions is important to identify (s.1.1.1); while BASIX considerably restricts the the contribution they are making • Section 2: Commercial and mixed use of provisions in EPIs and DCPs for to achieving 2020 Vision goals and use development (s.2.1.1); new dwellings, WSUD requirements objectives. • Section 3: Non-residential for alterations and additions where a BASIX certificate is not required are One of the aims of draft LEP 2012 is development in residential zones necessary and valid. to promote ecologically sustainable (s.3.1.1). development. While none of the This objective therefore applies to Stormwater management is often provisions contained in draft LEP most development in the North left to construction certificate 2012 directly relate to WSUD, the Sydney LGA that would form the stage via a condition of consent planning framework at the local level, subject of a development application. due to information not being including draft DCP 2012 aims to made available at development achieve the broader goals of reduced ‘Developments minimise stormwater application stage. The introduction water consumption and stormwater runoff, and encourage recycling of private certification means that runoff and the improvement of local where possible’ is also a general WSUD provisions in DCPs are likely waterways. objective for Section 2 – Commercial to be ignored or not complied with and Mixed-Use Development. in full. In the absence of a robust Most development applications certification process, one potential require a Statement of Environmental The matrix at Appendix C shows means of dealing with WSUD is to Effects (SEE). The content of SEEs is which objectives and provisions apply require all WSUD provisions to be regulated by the EP&A Regulations to each section of the DCP. complied with at development and must address the following: application stage. This, however, • the environmental impacts of the Discussion: would require a change in the way development; • Does the regulatory applicants and assessment officers • how the environmental impacts framework at currently deal with stormwater at the development application of the development have been Commonwealth and identified; stage and many may consider such State levels allow scope a requirement to be unrealistic, • the steps to be taken to protect for intervention at the especially for small developments. the environment or to lessen local level to achieve the expected harm to the water use and water environment; Non-residential development sensitive urban design • any matters required to be objectives? No legislation exists at State or indicated by any guidelines issued Commonwealth level which restricts by the Director-General for the Residential development the ability of local government to purposes of this clause. Water efficiency in dwellings in NSW regulate the use of water within is regulated by BASIX. Since the non-residential developments, or the introduction of BASIX, environmental non-residential component of mixed use developments. 14 WATER 15 As with residential development, in Residential development the building. The NABERS programs the absence of a robust certification currently has a module, NABERS Council has limited legislative process, if councils desire control Water capable of measuring the water capacity to achieve its potable water of how WSUD is managed, relevant consumption of an office building on reduction objectives for the majority issues must be addressed earlier a scale of zero to six stars, reflecting of residential development that is in the process at the development the performance of the building assessed and determined by Council application stage. relative to the market, from very poor and must instead rely on BASIX. performance (zero stars) to market • Is the LEP/DCP an Boarding houses are not subject to leading performance (six stars). BASIX requirements meaning that appropriate place for For large-scale commercial properties WSUD DCP provisions should apply. regulation regarding that are greater than 5000m² in size, However the review of draft DCP2012 water consumption is addressed water sensitive urban discovered that there are no WSUD under S2.6.1 requirement of a design? provisions for boarding houses minimum 5 star rating under the within the residential zones. This There are no mandated State or Green Building Council of Australia’s can be easily rectified by including Commonwealth requirements Green Star – Office rating tool. There ‘boarding houses’ in the list provided for WSUD in new non-residential is no reference to an external rating at s1.1.2 which identifies types of development. There are State tool such as GBCA or NABERS within development to which the residential requirements for the water the water components of S2.6.5 or development section applies. efficiency component of residential S3.5.5. development under BASIX. It is Non-residential development appropriate that provisions in LEPs The review of draft DCP2012 and DCPs aim to fill the gap and set DDCP 2012 contains water provisions (Appendix B) found WSUD controls for non-residential conservation objectives (S2.6.5, S3.5.5) that, other than the Green Star development and for the stormwater for non-residential developments requirement for office buildings component of WSUD in residential such as: over 5000m² in size, there is little development. application of thresholds according • To minimise water use within to use, size or cost. This means buildings; • Do existing provisions that almost all DCP provisions • To encourage the reuse of potable should be considered for almost all meet Council’s goals and water and stormwater runoff; and development types, development objectives regarding • To minimise stormwater runoff. sizes and development costs. This water sensitive urban complexity and the sheer number design? These objectives support the 2020 of potentially relevant provisions Vision Community Strategic Plan by A key goal within the 2020 Vision may have resulted in provisions promoting the efficient use of water Community Strategic Plan Our Living being overlooked by developers and and use of recycled water (CSP 1.3.1.2) Environment is to Improve North assessment officers. This situation would indicate that the current Sydney’s environmental footprint and Section 2 – Commercial and Mixed structure and application of WSUD encourage the responsible use of natural Use Development refers to the use provisions within draft DCP2012 resources (CSP 1.3). of NABERS rating systems (S2.6.1) is resulting in Council’s WSUD showing that a building and It is an open question as to whether objectives not being met. its services must be capable of existing provisions appropriately achieving a minimum 4.5 star rating encourage a high level of integrated If properly implemented, Council’s for commercial and commercial water management involving the current provisions for large components of buildings. This appropriate use of all available water developments, which rely on Green rating only assesses a building’s sources on the basis that the water is Star rating systems for regulation performance in terms of its fit for the purpose for which it is to be of water efficiency and stormwater greenhouse gas emissions during its used. management in commercial operation, not water consumption for buildings, are quite ambitious and

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER have the potential to meet Council’s The alignment of rating tool systems score of 5 stars. Perhaps not until strategic objectives regarding water. with the development application an audit of ‘as-built’ water use and However, the use of Green Star raises process is an ongoing challenge stormwater management for Green a number of issues, including: for the green building industry and Star rated buildings is undertaken, will consent authorities. It is currently Council know whether mandating 5 1. A potential disjuncture between difficult for a consent authority to stars for large commercial buildings the use of rating tools and be certain that a rating obtained is having the desired effect regarding the development assessment at DA or CC stage will reflect the WSUD. process; actual ongoing performance of the 2. A lack of certainty that what development ‘as built’. The planning 4. A potential lack of transparency is approved will reflect actual system is not designed to deal with and accountability - The outsourcing outcomes; such uncertainty at DA stage. Having of regulation to a third party, such as the GBCA who administers the Green 3. A lack of certainty regarding said that, in most circumstances Star rating tools, raises question of WSUD performance under the should a developer wish to change transparency and accountability. Green Star tool; elements of an approved design that will materially affect the original For example, the GBCA can change 4. A potential lack of transparency assessable criteria and weightings and accountability; and approval then such changes would likely be captured by the s96 without adhering to public 5. Potential duplication of other amended approval process. Ongoing consultation procedures or obtaining DCP provisions related to WSUD. dialogue between the green building the agreement of the consent authority. These issues are addressed in turn: industry and consent authorities is required to better align the two 1. A disjuncture between the use of This concern is tempered somewhat processes. rating tools and the development by the fact that the Green Star tool assessment process - A fundamental 2. A lack of certainty that what is subject to regular peer evaluation, problem is that Green Star ratings is approved will reflect actual with all credits within the tool are rarely obtained prior to DA outcomes – The Green Star – Office being reviewed by industry experts. approval as developers are usually rating tool assesses the ‘design’ of Assuming this process is objective not prepared to spend the time and a building. This means that DA and and sufficiently rigorous, the tool money submitting an application CC approval is given on the basis will hopefully remain relevant and for a Green Star rating unless a that the final development will be credible. development consent has been ‘capable’ of achieving the nominated Of further note is the increasing issued. Under draft DCP2012 rating. Little certainty is able to be number of local government applicants must demonstrate that the obtained at DA approval stage that authorities who are joining the Green development can achieve a minimum the required Green Star rating will Building Council of Australia. Once 5 star Green Star rating. However, actually be achieved. This means that a member, a Council is able to take given the complex and rigorous a Green Star rating based on design part in the Green Star review process. Green Star assessment process it may not end up reflecting what is North Sydney Council became a is near impossible to determine actually built. The DA assessment member of the GBCA in January 2012. whether a development can achieve system provides no teeth to enforce a certain rating before the rating compliance if the required rating is 5. Potential duplication of other is actually awarded by the GBCA. not achieved. DCP provisions related to WSUD – While the commitment agreement As all new developments should, associated with NABERS Energy aims 3. A lack of certainty regarding WSUD in theory, comply with all relevant to align the use of that rating tool under the Green Star tool - Under DCP provisions, those that have a with the development assessment the Green Star tool ‘water’ is only one gross floor area greater than 5000m² process, no such mechanism is criterion among many used to assess will be subject to two assessments: available under NABERS Water or the sustainability of buildings. Under Assessment against DCP provisions; Green Star. this system, poor WSUD performance and assessment using the Green may be off-set by high scores in other Star tool. This potentially results in categories thus allowing an overall duplication of WSUD assessments. 16 WATER 17 Council assets The draft LEP and draft DCP does not differentiate between private development and development undertaken by Council. It is therefore assumed that Council is required to comply with relevant provisions as any other developer. Whether this actually occurs is a matter for further investigation, the outcome of which may be a dedicated corporate policy or draft DCP section relating to Council developments.

Existing development WSUD within existing buildings cannot be regulated via the LEP/DCP. The performance of existing buildings must be addressed through mechanisms separate to the planning system. For example, through business based programs, retrofitting initiatives, procurement programs and mandatory disclosure of water ratings.

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER Water sensitive Urban Design Stage 2 – Best Practice Local Authority Initiatives

This section explores how other local Appendix A lists policies from other o bathroom and kitchen taps shall authorities have incorporated WSUD Australian jurisdictions that utilise be fitted with aerators; objectives into planning documents. innovative or robust regulation o 4 star WELS rated toilets This is done to identify best practice of water use and stormwater (4.5lt/3lt dual flush). planning provisions and processes. It management. The policies mainly is likely that examples of best practice relate to non-residential development The future-proof these from NSW will be most readily applied due to the degree of scope identified provisions by wording the clause to in North Sydney as they operate in Stage 1. The policies are also read “All new fittings and fixtures under the same legislative framework. mainly contained in planning for amenities in all non-residential Examples from other Australian documents and are enforced through development, the public domain, States and Territories are also relevant, the development assessment and and public and private parks are to as typically they utilise the same approval process. be installed to the highest Water technical assessment systems, such Efficiency Labelling Scheme (WELS) as the BCA, NABERS and Green A number of local authorities achieve star rating available at the time of Star. Overseas examples are also reductions in mains water demand development”. included if considered relevant or if by requiring water efficient fittings Rainwater tanks are a versatile it is considered that they exhibit a and fixtures for all non-residential WSUD measure. They can offset different approach to that pursued development. These development potable water demand and decrease in Australian jurisdictions that are control plans require the installation stormwater flows and volumes, which perhaps a forerunner for future efforts of products tested under the improve water quality downstream. to facilitate water sensitive buildings national mandatory water efficiency They allow the development of the in Australia. labelling scheme (WELS) covering showerheads, washing machines, resource potential of stormwater dishwashers and toilets. These and waste water to supply a range of Local authority requirements include: water uses presently met by potable initiatives in WSUD - water supply. Rainwater tanks also Australia • Any appliances installed as develop the resource potential of part of a development or as a stormwater to reduce the cost of Australian cities have traditionally replacement that are regulated for drainage, waste water and potable sourced their water from surface water efficiency under the Water water infrastructure. water, in most cases stored in large Efficiency Labelling and Standards reservoirs. These have delivered a (WELS) Scheme must obtain a For all commercial and industrial reliable and low cost source of water. Minimum WELS rating of 4.5 stars. developments, Strathfield Council New sources are often expensive, • Where new or replacement requires the installation of rainwater often involving transporting water fittings are required: tanks that have a minimum capacity long distances or processes such as of 1,000 litres for every 10m² in o shower heads shall be at least recycling or desalination. Strategies ground floor area. The tank must have WELS 3 star rated; to address the balance of water sufficient capacity and be connected supply and demand vary across o dual flush toilets shall be at least so as to supplement water for the the Australian states. Some, such WELS 4 star rated; following services on the site: as Western Australia, are adopting o all taps ( other than bath outlets system augmentation; while others, and garden taps) shall be at • toilet flushing; including Victoria, are promoting least WELS 4 star rated; • laundry; demand management. • garden irrigation; and 18 WATER 19 • external washing (cars, paved areas, etc). recurrence interval, volume is captured and released at a controlled rate over a 1 to 3 day period. Rainwater tanks, All development in the Newcastle local government plumbed into toilets and laundry areas, and having the area where impervious area is created that is not subject top portion as active storage for slow (trickle) release are to BASIX must install a rain water tank with a minimum common. For rainfall events with a greater than 3 month capacity of 3,000 litres in order to reduce mains water average recurrence interval, typically 5 years to 100years, demand and to assist in minimising stormwater discharge the reduction of peak flows must be to pre-development from the site. The tank water must be used to supply all levels. toilet cisterns and washing machine taps. The water should also be used for garden watering. All development in the Newcastle Local Government Area where impervious area is created that is not subject In Ku-Ring-Gai Council, land used exclusively for to BASIX must make onsite stormwater storage provision recreational purposes, whether passive or active dependant on size of sites with particular impervious area recreation, with buildings erected on the land, where the coverage. Sites must intercept and store 12mm of rainfall land is primarily permeable and landscaped must have from a minimum of 90% of the impervious area of the site. at least one rainwater tank to capture all roof water from The rainfall storage requirement is linearly interpolated the building(s) on the property. Minimum tank volume between 12 and 25mm for sites between 50% and 100% must be 2000L for every five toilets or part thereof in any of the impervious area of the site. building erected. Water can also be used for watering open space areas, as determined by Council. A number of council’s require the use of existing building rating schemes. In Lake Macquarie, developments In commercial, mixed use, industrial and sub-division over 4,000m2 gross floor area or more must achieve a development within Strathfield Council, water use within minimum 4 Star rating under Green Buildings Council public open space (for uses such as irrigation, pools, water or a 4.5 Star rating by NABERS for energy efficiency, features etc.) should be supplied from sources other than thermal performance, and waste management. Within potable mains water to meet 80% water use demand. the Macquarie Park locality within the , Strathfield Council also encourages the use of alternative developments must achieve a minimum 4 star Green Star water sources for cooling towers where practical and the rating. Developments that achieve greater than 4 stars are monitoring of water consumption of the cooling tower offered incremental increases in floor space ratios. Within using a water meter. the City of Sydney, new commercial office buildings and Several local authorities such as City of Sydney, City commercial redevelopments with a net lettable area of of Wollongong and City of have similar 1000 square metres or more must achieve a minimum stormwater quality requirements for post-development rating of 4.0 stars under the Green Star Office Design tool pollutant loads for total gross pollutant (greater than and Green Star Office As Built tool and achieve a NABERS 5 mm); Total Suspended Solids; Total Phosphorus and rating of 4.5 stars for the base building, or for the whole Total Nitrogen. These figures are similar to the Landcom building where there is to be one tenant to occupy the industry baseline performance targets (see below) but are whole building. not robust enough to satisfy commonly accepted water While not technically a local planning authority, Landcom quality targets such as those utilised by Landcom or the has developed a WSUD policy as part of its corporate Green Star rating tool. Sustainability Strategy to specifically address sustainable Council’s with specific water quality objectives also tend to and integrated urban water cycle management in all its have water quantity objectives to ensure that disturbance mainly greenfield developments, and address the impacts to natural stream systems is minimised, and stormwater of urban development. discharge to surface and underground receiving waters, In the policy, Landcom acknowledges the water both during construction and in developed catchments, conservation targets set by BASIX, and has incorporated does not degrade the quality of water in the receiving these targets into all of its developments. Landcom waterways. acknowledge that baseline water conservation targets This is typically controlled with onsite detention are easily attainable thanks to recent advances in water requirements where the peak flow volumes of a rainfall conservation technology and the increased availability of event, typically a rainfall event with 3 month average reticulated recycled water. The performance targets set

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER within the policy represent a better water conservation the best outcome attainable in appropriately planned outcome and are provided for developments striving developments. Developers are encouraged to meet to meet sustainability outcomes. Landcom also include stretch targets. ‘stretch targets’ for water conservation to represent

Objective Baseline and stretch target performance target 1 WSUD Strategy (a) 100% of projects to have project-specific WSUD strategies. Combination of water efficiency and reuse options – % reduction on base case. (a) Single dwelling, no reticulated supply available: Baseline 40% Performance 50+% Stretch 65% 2 Water Conservation (b) Single dwelling, reticulated supply available: Baseline 50% Performance 65% Stretch 75+% (c) , no reticulated supply available: Baseline 40% Performance 50% Stretch 60% (a) 45% reduction in the mean annual (a) 65% reduction in the mean annual load of Total Nitrogen (TN) load of Total Nitrogen (TN) (b) 65% reduction in the mean annual (b) 85% reduction in the mean annual 3 Pollution Control load of Total Phosphorus (TP) load of Total Phosphorus (TP) (c) 85% reduction in the mean annual (c) 90% reduction in the mean annual load of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) load of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Maintain 1.5 year ARI peak discharge Maintain 1.5 year ARI peak discharge 4 Flow Management to pre-development magnitude to pre-development magnitude Stream Erosion Index = 2.0 Stream Erosion Index = 1.0 Figure 2: Minimum performance and stretch targets (Landcom, 2009)

The stretch targets reflect the stormwater outcomes Local Authority Initiatives in considered necessary to protect the receiving environment WSUD - Overseas from the impact of urban development (i.e. achieve sustainable development that maintains environmental Appendix B lists policies and policy approaches used in values). They are included to demonstrate the gap overseas jurisdictions that are generally seen as being between environmental objectives and the extent to at the forefront of regulation regarding water use and which those objectives can be met by ‘best practice’ water stormwater management. The policies are generally sensitive urban design, and encourage the attainment of contained in planning documents and enforced through outcomes beyond the standard targets, where practicable. the development assessment and approval process. Portland, Oregon, USA The City of Portland, Oregon, is required by state and federal government, through its Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) Permit and its Underground Injection Control (UIC) Permit, to reduce stormwater pollution, protect groundwater, and develop and manage programs that respond to water quality requirements.

The City of Portland receives an average annual 37 inches of rain creating about 20 billion gallons of stormwater runoff per year. Portland’s approach is to manage 20 WATER 21 stormwater where rain falls with development. Redevelopment consultant fees. The CGHP provides facilities that function like natural projects in the right-of-way zones a flexible framework for innovative systems. must incorporate green street construction, while contributing facilities or pay into a “% for Green to environmental awareness and All development and redevelopment Street” fund of 1% of the construction sustainable living throughout the City. proposals are subject to the costs for the project. requirements of the Stormwater cgHP points are available for Management Manual through A Green Street handles stormwater developments that: the development application and on site through use of vegetated permit processes. The thresholds facilities which provides water quality • Reduce a site’s overall net for residential and non-residential benefits and replenishes groundwater imperviousness - Design the site developments that are subject to the (for infiltration facilities) as well as to maintain natural hydrological requirements are: creating attractive streetscapes that cycles by promoting infiltration enhance neighbourhood liveability on site. Specify green roofs, rain • Properties that propose new by enhancing the pedestrian gardens, pervious paving, or other offsite discharges or new environment and introducing park- materials or systems that minimize connections to the public system like elements into neighbourhoods the amount of impervious surface are required to comply with which contribute environmental in order to reduce the rate and stormwater requirements for the benefits such as reduced summer quantity of stormwater runoff; impervious area draining to the air temperatures, reductions in • Construct site stormwater discharge point; and global warming through carbon treatment systems to remove • Projects that develop or redevelop sequestration, air pollution screening, 80% of the average annual over 500 square feet (46m2) of and wildlife habitat corridors. post-development total impervious surfaces. suspended solids based on the Under the Clean River Rewards average annual loadings from all Portland’s Stormwater Management Program (2006), residential and storms less than or equal to the Manual, in conjunction with city code, commercial properties in the City of 2-year/24-hour storm. Stormwater establishes green designs through Portland, are eligible for a maximum management strategies that which significant new developments 35% discount on their municipal infiltrate 100% of the stormwater and redevelopments must: stormwater fee for qualifying green runoff on site from a 2-year/24 roofs, infiltration trenches and other • Remove 70 percent of total hour storm are assumed to stormwater management devices. For suspended solids (TSS) from remove 100% of total suspended residential properties, the discount runoff generated by a design solids; applies to devices that manage storm up to and including 0.83 • Install stormwater treatment stormwater runoff from roofs only; for inches (22mm) of rainfall over a systems such as filtration basins, commercial properties the discount 24-hour period; rain gardens, vegetated filter applies to stormwater runoff from strips, or grass swales to treat • Use surface retention facilities “to roofs and paved areas. the maximum extent practicable”; stormwater volumes leaving the site; • Provide on-site infiltration “to the Chicago, Illinois, USA maximum extent practicable”; • Install rain gardens to reduce stormwater runoff - the vegetated • Ensure that on-site flow control is The Chicago Green Homes Program area provided must receive sufficient to maintain peak flows (CGHP) is a voluntary certification runoff from adjacent impervious at their pre-development levels program for Chicago homeowners, surfaces. This includes use of for the 2-year, 5-year, and 10-year residential builders, and developers parking lot islands as rain gardens runoff events. looking to incorporate sustainable design into their residential building. to aid in runoff pollutant removal City of Portland has a Green Streets Homes enrolled in the CGHP are and runoff volume reduction; Policy (2007) that promotes and eligible for expedited development • Use permeable materials for at incorporates the use of green applications and construction least 40% of driveways, patios, street facilities in public and private permits as well as discounted and walkways. Typical permeable

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER paving materials include porous the maximum extent feasible without Under the Guidelines for the Design concrete, porous asphalt, and causing flooding, landslide, or erosion and Construction of Stormwater permeable unit pavers; impacts. Management Systems (2012), there • Provide a green roof on 10 - 50% are six types of stormwater source of the total roof area (including New York City, New York, USA controls used for compliance with the garage roofs). stormwater performance standard. The NYC Green Infrastructure Plan These systems are very adaptable introduces stormwater performance to different site plans, building Seattle, Washington, USA standards aimed at reducing configurations, and surface and The Green Factor, under the Seattle combined sewer overflows into subsurface conditions. Municipal Code, is a landscape surrounding waterways by 40% by Subsurface Systems: requirement designed to increase the 2030. The NYC Green Infrastructure quantity and quality of planted areas Plan estimates that over the next 20 • Storage vaults or tanks, can in Seattle while allowing flexibility for years a reduction in water use and be constructed from pre-cast developers and designers to meet managing the first inch of runoff from concrete structures. If built development standards. It currently 10% of the impervious surface area in without a bottom slab, a vault applies to new development in combined sewer watersheds through system can promote infiltration; commercial and neighbourhood source controls will reduce combined • Gravel beds are excavated areas commercial zones and multifamily sewer overflows by 3.8 billion gallons filled with uniformly-graded residential zones. per year (14.38 billion litres per year). gravel. The void space within the gravel is used to detain water. Development applicants in affected Under the Rules of New York City These systems can also promote zones must demonstrate that their state, stormwater must be not be infiltration; projects meet the Green Factor by released at a rate greater than 0.25 • Perforated pipes use a using the Green Factor Score Sheet. cfs (425L/min) for developments with combination of pipe storage The scoring system is designed to increased impervious surfaces (New and gravel storage to provide encourage larger plants, permeable York City, 2012). detention and promote paving, green roofs, vegetated walls, infiltration; preservation of existing trees, and The stormwater performance • Stormwater chambers are layering of vegetation along streets standard applies to new development commercially available in a and other areas visible to the public. and alterations on medium to large variety of shapes and sizes. These Additional credits are provided for size lots. Proposed redevelopments structures detain stormwater food cultivation, native and drought- that increase impervious surfaces or within the chamber and gravel tolerant plants, and rainwater building footprints by less than 20% surrounding each chamber for harvesting. are exempt from the stormwater structural support. These open- performance standard unless an bottom systems also promote In addition to Green Factor additional sewer connection is infiltration. requirements, under Seattle’s proposed. Smaller development sites Rooftop Systems: generally do not generate runoff in Stormwater Manual Vol. 3 Technical • Blue roofs, also known as excess of 0.25 cfs and, therefore, are Requirements Manual (2009), all controlled flow roof drain systems, expected to comply with current single-family residential projects provide temporary ponding on a requirements. The standards also and all other projects with 7,000 rooftop surface and slowly release state that landowners and their square feet (650m2) or more of the ponded water through roof successors must properly maintain land disturbing activity or 2,000 drains. Blue roofs have weirs at the on-site stormwater management square feet (185m2) or more of new roof drain inlets to restrict flow; plus replaced impervious surface systems, file a deed restriction, and must implement green stormwater submit triennial certification of proper infrastructure to infiltrate, disperse, operation. and retain drainage water onsite to 22 WATER 23 • Green roofs consist of a vegetative Under the Urban Redevelopment expected that this will include roof layer that grows in a specially- Authority (2009), buildings that and wall planting that delivers as designed soil that may sit above achieve GM Platinum can qualify for many of these objectives as possible: a drainage layer. Green roofs up to 2% additional GFA (subject detain stormwater in the void to a cap of 5,000sqm) while those • adaptation to climate change (i.e. space of the soil media and retain achieving GM Gold Plus can aiding cooling); stormwater through vegetative qualify for up to 1% additional GFA • sustainable urban drainage; uptake and evapotranspiration. (subject to a cap of 2,500sqm). A • mitigation of climate change (i.e. non-compliance fee applies to aiding energy efficiency); Similar to other jurisdictions in developments that fail to achieve the • enhancement of biodiversity; Australia, the New York City Plumbing targeted Green Mark rating. The non- • accessible roof space; Code (2010) prohibits the use of compliance fee is used to fund other potable water for most once-through Green Mark developments. • improvements to appearance and cooling systems; requires alarms resilience of the building; and and sub-meters to detect water • growing food. leaks and monitor usage on water Copenhagen, Demark equipment; and sets maximum water The City of Copenhagen Climate Plan The plan encourages boroughs consumption flow rate or quantity for 2009 aims to ensure that the city is to require green roofs in smaller certain plumbing fixtures including ready for the weather anticipated developments and extensions where the installation of dual-flush toilets. from climate change including the opportunity arises via planning additional green areas, pocket documents. Development proposals The Rules of the City of New York parks, green roofs and green walls are encouraged to integrate green (Title 43 Chapter 10, 2005) also all of which slow rainfall run-off, infrastructure from the beginning of requires construction directly thus reducing the risk of flooding. It the design process to contribute to managed by city agencies as well requires all new development with urban greening, including the public as projects managed by non-city roof pitch less than a 30° and the realm. Elements that can contribute entities, such as cultural organisations, refurbishment of older roofs to have to this include tree planting, green state agencies and private developers, green roof systems that meet at least roofs and walls, and soft landscaping. that receive a certain amount of city two of the following effects: Major development proposals funding to achieve a minimum 20% within the Central Activities Zone to 30% potable water use reduction • Absorb 50-80% of the should demonstrate how green below the standards of the U.S. precipitation that falls on the roof; infrastructure has been incorporated. Environmental Protection Agency • Provide insulating effect and Energy Policy Act (1992). In addition, The City of London Corporation’s reduces reflection; a minimum Silver rating under the US Climate Adaptation Strategy (2007) • Help to make the city greener and Green Building Council’s Leadership details a number of strategies that counteracts rising temperatures in in Energy and Environmental Design the City could put in place for it’s own the city; (LEED) rating systems program is developments such as: required. • Contribute to a visual aesthetic in • Sustainable drainage systems, a way that has a positive effect on green roofs or green walls on City quality of life; Singapore, Singapore of London Corporation-owned car • Double the roofing lifespan as it is parks and buildings when they are Singapore utilises incentives protected against UV rays. refurbished or replaced; to achieve ESD in all types of • Additional temporary flood development. An increase in gross water storage in City of London floor area of 1-2 % above master London, England Corporation-owned large open plan gross plot ratios is available to The London Plan (2011) sets spaces, such as Hampstead Heath; developments that achieve Green expectations for all major Mark certification of Gold Plus or developments to incorporate living • Rainwater harvesting systems for Platinum. roofs and walls, where feasible. It is installation on roofs of Network Rail, DLR and tube stations;

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER • Rainwater harvesting systems installed on market Plan (2001). The Plan was the first to formally identify the buildings and within gardens and large open spaces. need for a strategy to encourage green roofs and rooftop The harvested water could be used for cleaning, toilet gardens. The Natural Environment policy within the City’s flushing and irrigation. new Official Plan further supports green roofs calling for “the development of innovative green spaces such as City of London Corporation Local Development green roofs, and designs that will reduce the urban heat Framework - Core Strategy (2011) has a risk-based approach island effect.” to flood risk, by such means as avoiding inappropriate development in flood risk areas, minimising water use The Wet Weather Flow Management Master Plan (City to reduce demands on the combined surface water and of Toronto, 2000) examined ways to improve the water sewerage network and minimising run-off from new quality of local rivers and Lake Ontario by strengthening development onto adjacent and other downstream mechanisms to prevent and reduce stormwater runoff. property, and into the river systems through the use of Green roofs are put forward as best practice. suitable WSUD measures. Toronto, via Municipal Code Chapter 492 Green Roof The City of London Corporation requires surface water Toronto - Green Roof Construction Standard (2009), is arising from a developed site to, as far as is practicable, be the first City in North America to have a bylaw to require managed in a sustainable manner to mimic the surface and govern the construction of green roofs on new water flows arising from the site prior to the proposed development. development, while reducing the flood risk to the site itself and elsewhere, taking climate change into account. The The bylaw applies to new building permit applications range of sustainable approaches to surface water drainage for residential, commercial and institutional development management options include: made after January 31, 2010 and to new industrial development as of April 30, 2012. • source control measures including rainwater recycling and drainage; The bylaw requires green roofs on new commercial, institutional and residential development with a minimum • infiltration devices to allow water to soak into the Gross Floor Area of 2,000m2 as of January 31, 2010. As ground, that can include individual soakaways and of April 30, 2012, the bylaw requires compliance for new communal facilities; industrial development. • filter strips and swales, which are vegetated features that hold and drain water downhill mimicking natural The green roof coverage requirement is graduated, drainage patterns; depending on the size of the building. • filter drains and porous pavements to allow rainwater Coverage of Available Gross Floor Area * and run-off to infiltrate into permeable material below Roof Space ** ground and provide storage if needed; and 2,000 - 4,999 m2 20% • basins and ponds to hold excess water after rain and 5,000 - 9,999 m2 30% allow controlled discharge that avoids flooding. 10,000 - 14,999 m2 40% The surface water drainage arrangements for any 15,000 - 19,999 m2 50% development site should be such that the volumes and 20,000 m2 or greater 60% peak flow rates of surface water leaving a developed site are no greater than the rates prior to the proposed * Note: Residential buildings less than 6 storeys or 20m in development, unless specific off-site arrangements are height are exempt from being required to have a green made and result in the same net effect. roof.

** The available roof space of the building excludes any Toronto, Ontario, Canada areas designated for renewable energy devices; private The City of Toronto’s formal involvement in green roofs terraces or outdoor amenity space up to two square is rooted in the recommendations of the Environmental metres per residential unit. 24 WATER 25 In Toronto, developers who are unable to provide the • Water quality: required green roof coverage, are required to pay cash in o Reduce pollutant loads. lieu of construction of a green roof for the reduced area • Water quantity: based on the average actual cost of construction of a green roof (approx. $200.00/m2). All of the funds collected o Duration; as cash in lieu of construction of a green roof are directed o Peak flows; to the Eco-Roof Incentive Program of the City for the o Volume; provision of green roofs on existing buildings. o Frequency.

The Eco-Roof Incentive Program provides $50 / square An important concept of water supply provisions metre, up to a maximum of $100,000, to fund green roof associated with WSUD is ‘fit for purpose’. Not all water projects on: used in a development needs to be potable quality. DCP • existing commercial, industrial and institutional provisions relating to water supply are usually focused on buildings; the following: • new industrial buildings with a gross floor area of 2,000 • Reduction in potable water demand. For example, m2 or greater; water use within public open space (such as irrigation, • new institutional or commercial buildings with a gross swimming pools and water features) should be floor area of less than of 2,000 m2. supplied from sources other than potable mains water to meet 80% of water use demand; all new To be eligible for the Eco-Roof Incentive Program, a and replacement water efficient fittings and fixtures green roof must have a continuous coverage of growing for amenities in all non-residential development, the media, measuring at least 50% of the ground floor area public domain and public and private parks are to of the building and be designed and constructed in be installed to the highest Water Efficiency Labelling conformance with the requirements of the Toronto Scheme (WELS) star rating at the time of development. Green Roof Construction Standard. Priority is given in the • Substitution of potable water supply. For example, selection process to buildings in areas where urban heat irrigation of parks and gardens with harvested island and stormwater management issues are of particular stormwater or recycled wastewater, provision of a third concern. Green roof projects that are already complete are pipe recycled water system to industrial users, use of not eligible for funding. collected rainwater for domestic toilet flushing, laundry, irrigation and cooling towers in larger developments. Discussion: • Reuse and Recycling. For example, where cooling • How have local authorities in NSW, towers are used, they are to be connected to a other States and Territories and recirculating cooling water loop; to be connected to a conductivity meter so the blow down or bleed off can overseas incorporated energy use be automated based on conductivity to ensure that objectives into planning processes? the water is being re-circulated an optimum number of In Australia, local authorities have incorporated WSUD times before being discharged to sewer. into the planning process using a number of mechanisms. A number of local authorities have a performance- Where possible, WSUD principles are applied to all based approach to stormwater management planning developments unless there are particular circumstances provisions with stormwater post-development pollutant that mitigate against it. The most commonly applied load reduction targets including the City of Melbourne, WSUD related provisions within DCPs focus on: City of Sydney and Parramatta City Council. Compliance • Water supply: with water quality parameters including suspended solids, o Demand reduction; nitrogen, phosphorus and litter can be assessed using commonly applied and accepted software tools such o Potable water substitution; as MUSIC (Model for Urban Stormwater Improvement o Reuse and recycling. Conceptualisation) for stormwater quality. Applicants must

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER provide a WSUD response, which is 4,000m2 gross floor area must the captured rainwater (laundry and/ assessed against the objectives and achieve a minimum 4 Star rating or toilets and/or hot water). Other requirements of the DCP. under Green Buildings Council or a NSW Government rebates include 4.5 Star rating by NABERS for energy WaterFix, subsidised water saving When urban development occurs efficiency, thermal performance, devices and Toilet Replacement in an area that was previously and waste management. The Service for single flush toilets. dominated by vegetation, increases in Macquarie Park locality within both hard surfaces, and the efficiency the City of Ryde, developments Internationally, incentives are of the drainage system are usually must achieve a minimum 4 star frequently documented in city the result. This leads to not only rating under the Green Star rating planning schemes and are often increased flows, but also far more scheme. Developments that achieve linked with existing building rating rapid delivery of those flows and greater than 4 star rating are offered schemes, such as LEED (USA) and the associated pollutants into the incremental increases in floor space Green Mark (Singapore). Typical receiving environment. Specific water ratios. Within the City of Sydney, new incentives include additional density quantity objectives may relate to the commercial office buildings and or floor area ‘bonuses’; expedited or following: commercial redevelopments with priority development application processing; and reductions or • Ensuring that peak runoff flows a net lettable area of 1000 square metres or more must achieve a waivers for development application do not exceed those of the pre- processing fees. Also, reductions existing condition of the site; minimum rating of 4.0 stars under the Green Star Office Design tool and in rates are often available for • Providing infiltration to ensure Green Star Office As Built tool and developments that incorporate maintenance of groundwater achieve a NABERS rating of 4.5 stars WSUD due to the reduced reliance systems; for the base building, or for the whole on downstream infrastructure. • Ensuring that the frequency building where there is to be one Similarly some jurisdictions charge of flows from the developed tenant to occupy the whole building. additional fees when WSUD is not, site (which can be significantly or cannot, be provided on-site. The increased due to the greater For residential developments, funds raised are usually spent on proportion of effectively, or economic incentives are generally WSUD schemes off-site or WSUD directly connected, impervious not considered as part of the grants in targeted catchments. Some area) is similar or equivalent to development process. Economic overseas jurisdictions simply mandate that of the undeveloped case. incentives are useful tools for the use of WSUD infrastructure such encouraging property owners to as green roofs or mandate specific Example provisions which apply make physical and permanent discharge rates for certain types of to development to address water changes to their property. In development. quantity objectives include: overseas jurisdictions a one-off economic incentive for certain WSUD • Onsite stormwater storage. For • What is ‘best applications such as rainwater tanks, example, capture and store 12- practice’ rain gardens and onsite infiltration 25mm of rainfall from a minimum tanks are utilised because property The analysis of overseas jurisdictions of 90% of the impervious area of owner’s actions reduce the size and that have a proven track record of the site; cost of future facilities needed for implementing WSUD initiatives • Limit the post-development peak the stormwater system, reducing rate indicates that ‘best practice’ 1 yr Average Recurrence Interval increases for all ratepayers citywide. requires a ‘whole of government’ event discharge to the receiving In Australia, rainwater tank rebates approach. Rather than simply waterway to the pre-development have been offered by federal, state relying on provisions or guidance condition. and local governments. These rebates within planning documents, these A number of council’s require the are typically for existing residential jurisdictions draw on the equivalent use of existing building rating dwellings or education facilities, with of Council-wide stormwater policies schemes. For example, in Lake the rebates determined by both the to implement a coordinated Council- Macquarie, developments over size of the rainwater tank and uses for wide approach to WSUD. The best 26 WATER 27 examples of how this integrated requirements apply to larger, more if they do not align with the approach works involve cooperation complex developments; development assessment process. between local planning departments, The best regulation makes use of local engineering and infrastructure Set ambitious, although not information that is readily available departments, and the local finance unreasonable, performance criteria at development application stage or and rates departments. Those – While guidelines play an important construction certificate stage. jurisdictions that are able to offer role, ambitious performance criteria financial incentives or penalties for and submission requirements that compliance (or non-compliance) require the applicant to consider with planning controls generally use water use, where appropriate, are any funds raised to improve WSUD considered to represent best practice. on public land or existing buildings. In order to ensure requirements are Cities such as Toronto, Singapore and reasonable and achievable, other Portland appear to be leaders in this criteria must be met, including that type of integrated approach. they are generally accepted by the development industry; The analysis of the planning documents from other Australian Are clear and easy to understand jurisdictions has shown that ‘best – Best practice regulation can be practice’ WSUD provisions generally easily understood. The requirements do the following: of particular types development at particular scales needs to be Encourage a high level of clear and easily differentiated from management of water use involving the requirements of other types of the appropriate use of all available development and from the same water sources on the basis that the type of development that is proposed water is fit for purpose - Potable at a different scale; water may not always be required. Instead of single pass usage water Link to a clear strategic vision or can be reused, again and again. ‘Fit policy – Best practice planning for purpose’ is matching water of a provisions are underpinned by a certain quality to appropriate uses. strong strategic vision. In this regard, It is important to know when and planning provisions must have an how to reuse water and to match it explicit link with Council’s corporate correctly so it is fit for its intended use; strategic documents;

Utilise a broad range of mechanisms Are generally accepted by the and apply them in such a way that development industry – Best is commensurate with the scale and practice regulation regarding WSUD likely impact of the development – must be broadly accepted by the The utility in adopting a broad range development industry. While some of regulatory mechanisms is that developers may resist the imposition a comprehensive approach to the of new provisions, best practice regulation of WSUD can be achieved. provisions generally gain widespread In this regard, best practice could be support in the development industry; considered as regulation that ensures Fit within development assessment all forms of development at all framework – Best practice scales are regulated to some degree provisions regarding WSUD must regarding their management of water. be easy to use in the development Ideally, more stringent assessment assessment process. Well intended procedures and performance provisions can be rendered useless

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER water sensitive urban design Stage 3 – Reviews and Recommendations

North Sydney LGA is already to WSUD are of continuing relevance applicability of individual provisions. intensively developed, however for one or both of the following To this end, many of the subsequent Council and State government policy reasons: recommendations seek to improve documents suggest steady increases the wording of individual provisions in residential, office, business • They aim to ‘encourage’ the or change the location of individual and retail uses over the coming adoption of measures beyond provisions within the document. decades. The following reviews were those required by BASIX without undertaken to identify improvements requiring them or aim to provide Draft DCP2012 provisions were also to North Sydney draft DCP so as to guidance which will assist in the assessed against the best practice ensure best practice regulation of achievement of BASIX targets; or criteria identified during Stage 2 of future development: • They apply to alterations and this project (Appendix C). On the additions valued at less than whole, DDCP2012 did not perform • Review 1 - A review of North $50,000, which are not covered by well against the following criteria: Sydney draft DCP provisions BASIX. relating to dwellings to ensure • Utilise a broad range of they do not conflict with BASIX Appendix A lists policies from other mechanisms and apply them in (Appendix C); Australian jurisdictions, some of which such a way that is commensurate with the scale and likely impact of • Review 2 - A review of WSUD aim to be leaders in environmental the development; provisions from other Australian sustainability. The policies relate local authorities against North to WSUD in both residential and • Set ambitious, although not Sydney draft DCP provisions non-residential developments; are unreasonable, performance (Appendix A); and contained in planning documents criteria where appropriate; and and are enforced through the • Review 3 - A review of North • Incorporate provisions that are development assessment and Sydney draft DCP provisions clear and easy to understand. approval process. against WSUD best practice The resultant recommendations aim criteria developed in Stage 2 These provisions were compared with to ensure that the breadth, clarity (Appendix C). North Sydney DDCP2012 provisions and robustness of WSUD regulation in order to ensure that North Sydney The results of these reviews are via draft DCP2012 are commensurate DDCP2012 includes: discussed below and subsequent with WSUD regulation in other Australian jurisdictions. recommendations are presented. • Commensurate provisions to DCPs in other jurisdictions; There is little scope for Council WSUD management practices are to control water efficiency in • Provisions that are written as generally grouped into generic residential development and the clearly and concisely as similar assemblages, these being: provisions from other jurisdictions; residential component of mixed use • Water supply: development due to restrictions and o Demand reduction; imposed via SEPP (Building • Provisions that apply to the same Sustainability Index: BASIX) 2004. The use and size of development o Potable water substitution; review of DCP provisions relating to as similar provisions in other o Reuse and recycling. dwellings against BASIX (Appendix jurisdictions. • Water quality: C) shows that, despite some minor This process allowed for the o Reduce pollutant loads. amendments to clarify applicability identification of opportunities to • Water quantity: and ensure consistency, all existing improve the clarity of individual provisions related directly or indirectly o Duration; provisions and ensure appropriate 28 WATER 29 o Peak flows; end uses such as cooling or irrigation. site detention, as well as stormwater o Volume; The meters can be used to identify discharge and stormwater quality, leaks and inefficiencies to guide especially for larger developments. It o Frequency. maintenance. They also help sites should be noted that these criteria are In many cases, there are synergies establish building management a surrogate for achieving improved between controls within these targets, manage costs and monitor ecosystem health of waterways, groupings e.g. potable water improved efficiencies. Sub-meters however this is not as easily assessed substitution will also assist in enable a comparison of water or measured, so water quality targets managing stormwater flow rate, consumption and sewer discharges are specified that, if complied with, volume and pollutant loads which will over time to monitor and reduce may assist in maintaining and/or have positive impacts on the health water use and sewage discharge improving ecosystem health. of our urban streams. costs. To this end, recommendations include the installation of separate Performance targets regarding The majority of potable water meters on separate units of Stormwater quality and quantity, consumption in North Sydney LGA occupancy in commercial buildings. such as those in force in jurisdictions is from the residential sector (73%) i.e. separate tenant areas within a such as the City of Sydney and followed by the commercial and retail shopping centre. In addition, it is Parramatta Council, are ideally sectors (22%). For this reason, a large recommended that separate meters based on catchment and land use proportion of the recommendations be installed for the make-up lines to specific stormwater studies. Such focus on the treatment and reuse cooling towers, swimming pools, on studies need to be undertaken in the of stormwater, which reduces the water supply to outdoor irrigation North Sydney context prior to such both potable water demand and and other major uses. provisions coming into force. It is stormwater discharges. recommended that these studies be The prevalence of regulation undertaken as part of a Council-wide It was found that further conservation in overseas jurisdictions that stormwater strategy. of potable water supplies could seek to encourage the provision be achieved within non-residential of green roofs has prompted Many existing provisions are development with water efficient a recommendation for a new proposed to be strengthened fittings and fixtures and rainwater sub-section in the DCP dealing to further integrate stormwater harvesting. The volume of water with sustainable roofs. They treatment into the landscape saved by non-residential premises are encouraged through listing protecting water quality and natural also often results in reduced volumes objectives that roofs should achieve systems. Over time, these changes of discharge to sewer and therefore while supplying access to technical will ensure the water cycle of the reduced wastewater volume charges guidelines that deal with the built environment mimics the in the case of larger customers, construction and maintenance of natural water cycle with associated and can also reduce trade waste green roofs. While green roofs are benefits for receiving waters. The charges. New and redeveloped non- not proposed to be mandatory, changes will also minimise Council’s residential sites have opportunities applicants are asked to submit a projected stormwater infrastructure for putting in place measures that roof plan showing how all available costs contributing to the long term improve water use efficiency and roof area is to be utilised in meeting sustainability of infrastructure and efficient use of water resources sustainability objectives. assets. (water, wastewater and stormwater). There are often physical constraints Many recommendations therefore The absence of robust performance on the use of many of the water aim to improve on-site detention criteria is not considered to constitute management practices particularly and water re-use in non-residential a major failing as many DCP the effluent reuse, greywater developments. provisions merely seek to provide guidance to applicants rather than and stormwater controls (e.g. The reviews found that sub-meters mandate particular outcomes. catchment area, soils, slopes, depth are essential tools to achieve efficient However it is considered beneficial to to groundwater etc). These are water use. Sub-meters can indicate introduce performance criteria for on- important considerations in the the volume of water used for specific development assessment process.

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER The revised DCP provisions therefore It is particularly important when generally seek to guide option setting thresholds for submission selection and evaluation rather than requirements and performance mandating particular outcomes. targets that a simple and easily understood system is adopted that While many recommendations seek is not overly complex. An overly to improve wording or location of complex system will merely result provisions within the document to in the provisions being ignored ensure clarity or applicability to all or not properly implemented. For appropriate development, a common this reason, a simple range of size finding was that other Australian thresholds for all non-residential jurisdictions make better use of development is recommended. thresholds and are therefore better able to target regulation according to Size is considered the most the likely impact of the development. appropriate criteria for thresholds for a number of reasons including: The review of draft DCP2012 provisions (Appendix C) found that • There is often a direct correlation there is little application of thresholds between potable water demand, according to use, size or cost. It stormwater discharges and the appears that all provisions apply to size of a development; all development unless expressly • Development size is an easily stated in the wording of individual understood concept unlikely to objectives or provisions. This lack be varied by applicants so as to of structure means that, while a fit into a desired development broad range of mechanisms may be assessment category; included in the draft DCP, it is difficult • Construction costs can vary to see how they are to be applied in a greatly during the life of a manner commensurate with the scale comprehensive DCP and bear and likely impact of the development. little relation to the energy This may result in some provisions requirements of the development. being overlooked by developers and assessment officers. It is therefore proposed that, consistent with best practice, To further improve the clarity of planning provisions be applied in WSUD provisions, it is recommended such a way that is commensurate with that thresholds be introduced for all the scale, and by correlation, the likely non-residential development types impact of development (see Figure 3). at the beginning of the Efficient Use Large developments will be expected of Resources sub-sections in Sections to go through a more rigorous 2 and 3 (see Table A). This will assessment process than small ensure that the provisions applying developments. The 2000m² threshold to particular types and sizes of for non-residential development is development are understood by both based on the threshold for mandatory applicants and assessment officers. It disclosure of NABERS Energy ratings. will ensure that no provisions can be The 5000m² threshold is based on the merely overlooked due the number existing draft DCP threshold for Green of provisions that may apply. Star ratings and the assumption that developments of this size can be considered significant development. 30 WATER 31 D has been D has been D has U U se of Resources se of Resources se of Resources ts se of Resources sub- se of Resources se of Resources sub- se of Resources se of Resources sub- se of Resources ge r a ce t n ma r fo r d pe he development must comply with the relevant relevant the with comply must he development Proposed performance target performance Proposed every relevant) of (as / consideration with Compliance U Efficient within provision DCP sections. T development. a new were if it as performance targets Compliance with / consideration of (as relevant) every relevant) of (as / consideration with Compliance U Efficient within provision DCP sections. Compliance with / consideration of (as relevant) every relevant) of (as / consideration with Compliance U Efficient within provision DCP section. relevant) of (as / consideration with Compliance U Efficient within every provision DCP capacity sub-section, detention on-site particularly requirements, discharge rates and quality of discharge WS that demonstration and requirements practicable. extent maximum the to incorporated capacity sub-section, detention on-site particularly requirements, discharge rates and quality of discharge WS that demonstration and requirements practicable. extent maximum the to incorporated Compliance with / consideration of (as relevant) relevant) of (as / consideration with Compliance U Efficient within every provision DCP n nts a eme r able (to be (to able able (to be (to able able (to be (to able equi n r io ss ubmi s , s se of Resources Commitment T Commitment se of Resources se of Resources Commitment T Commitment se of Resources se of Resources Commitment T Commitment se of Resources old sh e D report from a suitably qualified consultant. qualified D report a suitably from D report from a suitably qualified consultant. qualified D report a suitably from U U he development must comply with the relevant relevant the with comply must he development An Efficient U Efficient An completed by the applicant). the by completed Proposed requirement submission T submission requirements as if it were a new a new were if it as requirements submission development. An Efficient U Efficient An completed by the applicant). the by completed An Efficient U Efficient An AND applicant); the by completed A WS A WS ial thr nt ide s e r - n ns - No hreshold/size Alterations affecting less affecting less Alterations than half the original building or tenancy roof the over (measured walls) outer the and T Alterations affectingAlterations more than half the original building or tenancy roof the over (measured walls) outer the and <200m²-2000m² 2000m²-5000m² >5000m² io t da n

A l e ab Recomme T All non-residential U se

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER able is is able ts ge r a D will be achieved and that the the that and be achieved D will se of Resources sub-section. se of Resources U ce t n se of Resources Commitment T Commitment se of Resources ma r D report is required it must demonstrate that a that demonstrate must it D report required is fo U r he Commitment Agreement must be for a 4.5 star be a 4.5 must for Agreement he Commitment there where whole or the building he building, base f an Efficient U Efficient f an f a WS development will achieve a 5 star Green Star rating. Star a 5 star Green achieve will development appropriately an by be must it completed required with compliance and demonstrate consultant qualified every provision DCP relevant) of (as / consideration U Efficient the within NABERS rating for the base building, whole building, or whole building, building, base the for rating NABERS appropriate. as tenancies must whole the building occupy to be one tenant to is rating. Star a 5 star Green achieve of WS very level high d pe Proposed performance target performance Proposed - I - T - T - I n nts a D U eme r able (to be (to able equi n r io ss ubmi s , D measures and demonstrates a demonstrates and D measures s U se of Resources Commitment T Commitment se of Resources old sh e Proposed requirement submission Evidence that the building design has been awarded a been has awarded design building the that Evidence rating Star of a Green OR if evidence rating Star Green WS an stage, DA at available not is awarded being report from a suitably qualified consultant that sets that consultant qualified report a suitably from out proposed WS rating Star Green required the achieve to commitment the for available not is tool rating Star OR if a Green proposed, development typeparticular of non-residential U Efficient an completed by consultant). by completed ial thr nt ide s e r - n ns - No hreshold/size T >5000m² io t da n

A l e ab Recomme T U se 32 WATER 33

Efficient use of resources WSUD report from suitably 5 star Green Star rating DDCP2010 commitment qualified consultant (or agreed equivalent) table

Figure 3 – Thresholds: Use of assessment mechanisms that is commensurate with the scale and likely impact of the development The lodgement of an Efficient Use It is common practice for detailed triggered for all stormwater discharge of Resources Commitment Table information regarding water and quality provisions to be the focus for development less than 5000m² management to be absent from of a report prepared by a suitably in size will ensure that the overall information lodged at DA stage. qualified consultant. Developments sustainability of the development Assessment officers often manage with a gross floor area less than is considered by the applicant this through the use of a condition of 2000m² will still be required to and all relevant DCP provisions consent requiring stormwater plans consider and comply with all other are considered or complied with to be submitted prior to the issue of water conservation and stormwater as relevant. WSUD is only one a construction certificate. However, as management provisions. consideration within the Efficiency noted in Stage 1, it is not uncommon Use of Resources DCP section. for private certifiers to issue a Once proposed developments are Further, it is recommended that construction certificate without over 5000m² in size the requirement the Efficient Use of Resources paying full attention to conditions to submit an Efficient Use of Commitment Table be included of consent. Given that Council has Resources Commitment Table is within assessment reports. This little control over the actions of replaced with a requirement for will allow for audits of individual private certifiers, detailed information evidence that the building design provisions to be undertaken more should be required at DA stage if has been awarded a 5 star Green Star easily. Council is to be satisfied regarding rating. As with the Efficient Use of proposed stormwater management. Resources Commitment Table, WSUD Once proposed developments However requiring all DAs, especially is only one consideration within the are over 2000m² in size it is not for smaller development, to include Green Star rating tool. The difference considered unreasonable for them such information is unrealistic. For this is that the Green Star tool sets more to achieve more onerous submission reason, it is recommended that it is onerous submission requirements and performance requirements. only once a proposed development and performance targets. Therefore a WSUD report from a has a gross floor area greater than The use of the Green Star rating suitably qualified consultant is also 2000m² that a requirement is required for development greater scheme is consistent with an than 2000m². increasing trend internationally

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER towards linking planning consultant is considered appropriate Unfortunately the review of DDCP requirements to industry accepted and does not represent unnecessary provisions against best practice building rating tools (see Appendix B). duplication. Similarly the need for criteria identified the lack of a developments over 5000m² in size to coherent Council wide stormwater The proposed structured use of consider WSUD via both the WSUD management policy at North Sydney thresholds as well as the identification consultant report and Green Star is Council. A Council wide approach of ‘agreed equivalents’ means that the considered appropriate as each rating would allow for opportunities to be concerns raised in Stage 1 regarding tool has different WSUD criteria and explored including the payment of the use of third party rating tools different weightings. a stormwater levy or subsidisation can be appropriately managed. The of existing rates depending on the identified disjuncture between the The recommendations contained WSUD initiatives provided on-site as use of the Green Star rating tool and in this report, if implemented, will part of the development. the development assessment process result in an improved approach can be overcome through the use to the regulation of WSUD in new A Council wide policy should of other equivalent information development in North Sydney. This therefore be commenced with that is available at the development will be achieved because the WSUD input from Council’s stormwater application stage. provisions in draft DCP 2010 will: and development engineers as well as planners. The preparation of If evidence of a Green Star rating • Encourage a high level of catchment scale WSUD plans will being awarded is not available at management of water use better inform and guide strategic DA stage a WSUD Report from a involving the appropriate use land use planning (i.e. structure suitably qualified consultant that of all available water sources on planning and master planning), sets out proposed water efficiency the basis that the water is fit for infrastructure planning, development and stormwater treatment measures, purpose; assessment decision making as well and demonstrates a commitment to • Utilise a broad range of as rates structures. By considering achieve the required Green Star rating mechanisms and apply them in environmental values and water- would be required. Or, if a Green such a way that is commensurate quality objectives in an integrated Star rating tool is not available for with the scale and likely impact of Council-wide manner North Sydney the particular type of non-residential the development; Council would be better placed development proposed, an Efficient • Set ambitious, although not to support the application of Use of Resources Commitment Table unreasonable, performance the design objectives relevant to completed by a qualified consultant criteria where appropriate; urban development, and allow the would be required. • Be clear and easy to understand; assessment of the combined effects of all catchment activities and land The concern regarding Green Star • Link to a clear strategic vision or uses on receiving waters. and the potential duplication of other policy; DCP provisions becomes redundant • Be generally accepted by the as once proposed developments are development industry; and over 5000m² in size the requirement to submit an Efficient Use of • Fit within the development Resources Commitment Table is assessment framework. replaced with a requirement for While the recommended changes to evidence that the building design the DCP represent an improvement has been awarded a 5 star Green Star beyond current practice, this project rating (or agreed equivalent). The has found that best practice requires need for developments between a whole of Council stormwater policy 2000m² and 5000m² to address that feeds into the DCP ensuring WSUD via both an Efficient Use of provisions are catchment specific and Resources Compliance Table and a supported by all appropriate Council WSUD report from a suitably qualified functions and Directorates. 34 WATER 35 Recommendations 1. That Council prepare an integrated Council-wide stormwater strategy, with the following objectives: • To ensure stormwater flows mimic natural systems; • To minimise local flooding and stormwater inundation; • To minimise stormwater discharge to receiving waters; and • To maximise stormwater quality.

Preparation of the strategy should involve: • A review of Council’s existing stormwater policies; • Catchment based stormwater modelling; • Establishment of institutional priorities for WSUD that may result in deferred or cancelled upgrading of Council’s stormwater infrastructure if improved on-site WSUD outcomes can be achieved; • Investigation of possible amendments to North Sydney Development Control Plan potentially including but not limited to: o Minimum on-site storage capacities for different land uses and sizes; o Minimum rainwater tank sizes for different land uses and sizes; o Minimum standards for post-development water quality; o Recycled water provisions; o Minimum percentage of water use supplied through alternative means (not mains water); o Maximum discharge rates for different land uses and sizes and whether this can be used as a surrogate/ replacement for other WSUD requirements; • Investigation of the feasibility of financial incentives for developments to incorporate WSUD on-site (development bonuses, stormwater levies, rate reductions, etc); • Investigation of the feasibility of, and possible funding for, WSUD grants for retrofitting existing developments; • Investigation of the feasibility of, and possible funding for, improved WSUD initiatives on Council owned land; • Investigation of redefined roles for, and relationships between, Council’s five Directorates so as to achieve institutional WSUD best practice. That preparation of the Council-wide stormwater strategy be included within the North Sydney Council Management Plan and be appropriately resourced.

2. That Council adopt the changes to draft DCP2012 as outlined in Table B: Table B: Recommended changes to draft LEP 2009 and draft DCP 2010 No. Action to ensure best Recommended draft LEP or draft DCP text (if Recommended draft practice required) LEP or draft DCP location 1 Require assessment N/A N/A reports to include Efficient Use of Resources Compliance Table 2 Restructure DCP As per Table A. Beginning of s.2.6 and submission requirements s.3.5 – Efficient Use of and rating tool thresholds Resources. according to use and size

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER Table B: Recommended changes to draft LEP 2009 and draft DCP 2010 No. Action to ensure best Recommended draft LEP or draft DCP text (if Recommended draft practice required) LEP or draft DCP location 3 Amend existing DCP Where the proposed development involves the S.1.6.8; S.2.6.5 & S.3.5.5 – provision installation of new: Water conservation a) shower roses; b) taps for use over a basin, ablution trough, kitchen sink or laundry tub; c) flow restrictors; d) toilets; e) white goods, such as clothes washers or dishwashers; they must have the highest Water Efficiency Labelling Scheme (WELS) star rating available at the time of development. 4 Amend existing DCP Stormwater Management S.18 – Stormwater Section heading Management 5 Insert new DCP provision The stormwater drainage is designed to ensure S.18.2.2 – Stormwater existing downstream systems are not adversely management - affected. It should: Requirements a) ‘fit’ as much as possible, within the hydrology of the natural system; b) emphasise stormwater detention, vegetated overflow lines, sensitive location of discharge points and quality of receiving waters; c) minimise non-porous surfaces to reduce stormwater run-off; d) store water for re-use (such as in rainwater tanks); e) retain existing trees; f) excludes land needed for natural or modified drainage, floodplains, remnant vegetation, environmental values; and g) stormwater drains are designed to accept rainwater only excluding other pollutants from the City’s waterways. On-site detention, preferably on unpaved or grass surfaces, is used to trap and remove contaminants from stormwater and increase infiltration into the ground. Where technically possible, on-site gravel filled retention pits are incorporated. 6 Amend heading of DCP Stormwater management S.1.6.8; S.2.6.7; S.3.5.7 subsection 7 Amend and relocate Rainwater tanks should be installed for all residential S.1.6.8 – Stormwater existing DCP provision developments, including major alterations and additions, management and be plumbed to appropriate end uses, including toilet flushing, water features, car washing and garden irrigation, to ensure sufficient use of tank water so that capacity exists to accommodate rainwater from storm events. 36 WATER 37 Table B: Recommended changes to draft LEP 2009 and draft DCP 2010 No. Action to ensure best Recommended draft LEP or draft DCP text (if Recommended draft practice required) LEP or draft DCP location 8 Amend and relocate Rainwater tanks should be installed for all From S.2.6.5(P3) & existing DCP provision developments, including major alterations and S.3.5.5(P3) – Water additions and mixed-use developments. Rainwater conservation; To S.2.6.7 tanks should be plumbed to appropriate end uses, & S.3.5.7 – Stormwater including toilet flushing, water features, car washing management and garden irrigation, to ensure sufficient use of tank water so that capacity exists to accommodate rainwater from storm events. 9 Amend and relocate Rainwater tanks should be installed for all residential From S.2.6.5(P3) – Water existing DCP provision developments, including major alterations and conservation; To S.1.6.8 – additions, and be plumbed to appropriate end uses, Stormwater management including toilet flushing, water features, car washing and garden irrigation, to ensure sufficient use of tank water so that capacity exists to accommodate rainwater from storm events 10 Delete existing DCP To minimise stormwater runoff. S.2.6.5, 3.5.5 – Water objective conservation 11 Insert new DCP provision Separate meters are to be installed on separate units S.2.6.5 & S.3.5.5 – Water of occupancy in non-residential BCA class 5, 6 and 7 conservation buildings. 12 Insert new DCP provision Separate meters are to be installed for the make-up S.2.6.5 & S.3.5.5 – Water lines to cooling towers, swimming pools, on the water conservation supply to outdoor irrigation, and other significant end uses. 13 Insert new DCP provision Where cooling towers are used they are: S.2.6.5 & S.3.5.5 – Water a) to employ alternative water sources where conservation practical; or b) to include a water meter connected to a building energy and water metering system to monitor water usage; and c) to be connected to a recirculating cooling water loop; and d) discouraged where they are a single pass cooling systems; and e) to be connected to a conductivity meter to ensure optimum circulation before discharge. 14 Relocate existing DCP Install a pool cover where the proposed development From S.2.6.7 & S.3.5.7 – provision includes an external swimming pool. Stormwater management; To S.1.6.8; S.2.6.5 & S.3.5.5 – Water conservation 15 Insert new DCP objective To minimise off-site localised flooding or stormwater S.2.6.7 – Stormwater inundation. management

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER Table B: Recommended changes to draft LEP 2009 and draft DCP 2010 No. Action to ensure best Recommended draft LEP or draft DCP text (if Recommended draft practice required) LEP or draft DCP location 16 Insert new DCP provision All developments with a gross floor area greater S.1.6.9, S.2.6.7 & S.3.5.7 – than 2000m² are to undertake a stormwater quality Stormwater management assessment to demonstrate that the development will achieve the post-development pollutant load standards indicated below: a) litter and vegetation larger than 5mm: 90% reduction on the Baseline Annual Pollutant Load; b) Total Suspended Solids: 85% reduction on the Baseline Annual Pollutant Load; c) total Phosphorous: 65% reduction on the Baseline Annual Pollutant Load; d) Total Nitrogen: 45% reduction on the Baseline Annual Pollutant Load. 17 Insert new DCP provision As a minimum, post-development stormwater S.1.6.9, S.2.6.7 & S.3.5.7 – discharge rates should be less than pre-development Stormwater management stormwater discharge rates. 18 Insert new DCP provision As a minimum, post-development stormwater quality S.1.6.9, S.2.6.7 & S.3.5.7 – should be improved from pre-development levels. Stormwater management 19 Insert new DCP objective To mimic pre-development or natural drainage S.1.6.9, S.2.6.7 & S.3.5.7 – systems through the incorporation of WSUD on-site. Stormwater management 20 Insert new DCP objective To protect watersheds by minimising stormwater S.1.6.9, S.2.6.7 & S.3.5.7 – discharge and maximising stormwater quality. Stormwater management 21 Amend existing DCP An Erosion and Sediment Control Plan for the S.1.6.9 – Stormwater provision construction of the building is required in accordance management with Part B: Section 17 - Erosion and Sedimentation Control. 22 Insert new DCP provision A Stormwater Drainage Plan is required demonstrating S.1.6.9, S.2.6.7 & S.3.5.7 – compliance with this subsection as well as Section 18 – Stormwater management Stormwater Drainage. 23 Insert new DCP provision In addition to a Stormwater Drainage Plan, residential S.1.6.9 – Stormwater developments with a gross floor area greater than management 2000m² must also submit a Water Sensitive Urban Design report from a suitably qualified consultant demonstrating that WSUD has been incorporated to the maximum extent practicable and that stormwater discharge will be reduced to the maximum extent practicable.

38 WATER 39 Table B: Recommended changes to draft LEP 2009 and draft DCP 2010 No. Action to ensure best Recommended draft LEP or draft DCP text (if Recommended draft practice required) LEP or draft DCP location 24 Insert new DCP provision In addition to a Stormwater Drainage Plan, commercial, S.2.6.7 & S.3.5.7 – industrial and mixed-use developments with a gross Stormwater management floor area greater than 2000m² must submit a Water Sensitive Urban Design report from a suitably qualified consultant demonstrating that WSUD has been incorporated to the maximum extent practicable and that stormwater discharge will be reduced to the maximum extent practicable. 25 Insert new DCP provision Demonstrate how run-off from the site will be S.1.6.9 – Stormwater minimised and the quality of water leaving the site will management be improved. 26 Insert new DCP provision Rainwater tanks or other alternative water sources S.2.6.5(P3); S.3.5.5(P3) including recycled water systems are to be installed to – Water conservation – minimise the use of potable water and maximise the Commercial use of alternative water sources. 27 Insert new DCP provision Recycled water (serviced by dual reticulation) should S.2.6.5(P3); S.3.5.5(P3) – be utilised for permitted non-potable uses such as Water conservation toilet flushing, laundry, irrigation, car washing, fire fighting, industrial processes and cooling towers. 28 Amend existing DCP All stormwater run-off should be detained on-site S.1.5.12 – Tennis courts provision before draining to Council’s stormwater system. 29 Amend existing DCP To minimise the use of potable water. S.2.6.5 & S.3.5.5 – Water objective conservation 30 Amend existing DCP A BASIX Certificate is required to be submitted with S.1.6.8 – Water conservation provision all residential development types nominated under SEPP (Building Sustainability Index: BASIX) 2004. All subsequent water conservation provisions only apply to residential developments that do not require a BASIX certificate. 31 Amend existing DCP Grade land around structures to divert surface water S.1.6.9 – Stormwater provision clear of existing and proposed structures and adjoining management premises. 32 Amend existing DCP To ensure that developments minimise their use of S.2.6.1 & S.3.5.1 - Energy objective non-renewable energy resources. efficiency 33 Amend existing DCP To encourage the reuse of grey water, rainwater and S.2.6.5 & S.3.5.5 – Water objective stormwater. conservation 34 Insert new DCP provision. Impervious surfaces should be minimised. S.1.6.9, S.2.6.7 & S.3.5.7 – Stormwater management 35 Relocate existing DCP Ensure paved areas are at least 50% pervious. Relocate from S.2.6.5 provision & S.3.5.5 – Water conservation to S.1.6.8, S.2.6.7 & S.3.5.7 – Stormwater management

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER Table B: Recommended changes to draft LEP 2009 and draft DCP 2010 No. Action to ensure best Recommended draft LEP or draft DCP text (if Recommended draft practice required) LEP or draft DCP location 36 Amend existing provision Use endemic plants (as listed on Council’s website) and S.2.6.5 & S.3.5.5 – Water xeriscape principles in landscaping. conservation 37 Amend and relocate On-site stormwater detention, including the use of Relocate from S.2.6.5 & existing DCP provision grass swales and detention basins, should be pursued S.3.5.5 – Water conservation where practicable to minimise and filter stormwater to S.1.6.8, S.2.6.7 & S.3.5.7 – runoff. Stormwater management 38 Delete existing DCP Collect and reuse rainwater in irrigation, car washing S.2.6.7 & S.3.5.7 – provision and toilet flushing where practicable. Stormwater management 39 Delete existing DCP Water saving measures should be incorporated within S.2.6.7 & S.3.5.7 – provision the building’s operation (such as low flow tap and Stormwater management shower heads). 40 Delete existing DCP Water efficient fixtures and fittings must be used for S.2.6.7 & S.3.5.7 – provision the conservation of water. Stormwater management 41 Delete existing DCP Landscaping should be used to assist in microclimate S.2.6.7 & S.3.5.7 – provision management using endemic plants and xeriscape Stormwater management principles. 42 Delete existing DCP Water consumption should be monitored and S.2.6.7 & S.3.5.7 – provision reported to help understand water usage and prevent Stormwater management its wastage. 43 Relocate existing DCP A reporting system should be developed to inform/ Relocate from S.2.6.7 provision educate occupants about the buildings water & S.3.5.7 – Stormwater consumption. management to S.2.6.5 & S.3.5.5 – Water conservation 44 Relocate existing DCP Incorporate car wash bays in mixed use developments From S.2.6.7 – Stormwater provision where there are more than 4 dwellings within the management to S.2.5.10 – development. Site facilities. 45 Delete existing DCP Incorporate car wash bays in mixed use developments S.3.5.7 – Stormwater provision where there are more than 4 dwellings within the management development. 46 Amend existing DCP Water features utilising non-potable water should be S.2.7.5 - Native vegetation provision considered for inclusion within public spaces, building and water entrances, foyers, facades and rooftops. 47 Delete existing DCP Native species and planting methods which minimise S.2.7.5 - Native vegetation provision potable water consumption should be used wherever and water practical. 48 Amend existing DCP All stormwater run-off should be detained on-site S.15.6 – Wetland areas provision before draining to Council’s stormwater system. 49 Amend existing DCP Ensure the quality of stormwater flowing into wetlands S.15.6 – Wetland areas provision is maintained or improved through the use of WSUD on-site. 40 WATER 41 Table B: Recommended changes to draft LEP 2009 and draft DCP 2010 No. Action to ensure best Recommended draft LEP or draft DCP text (if Recommended draft practice required) LEP or draft DCP location 50 Delete existing DCP Connect downpipes to stormwater system as early as S.17.2 – Erosion and provision possible. sediment controls - Requirements 51 Amend existing DCP An Erosion/Sediment Control Plan may also be S.17.4 - Erosion and provision required to be submitted with the Development Sediment Control - Application for a development involving excavation Procedures or that is likely to pose a significant environmental risk. The plan should include diagrams showing the erosion and sediment control measures, their location and type. A detailed Erosion/Sediment Control Plan may also be required to obtain a construction certificate. 52 Delete existing DCP An Erosion and Sediment Control Plan is not required S.17.4 - Erosion and provision for minor disturbance of level sites, for example minor Sediment Control – alterations and additions to dwellings. Procedures 53 Insert new DCP objective To mimic pre-development or natural drainage S.18.1.1 – Stormwater systems as much as is possible. Management - General Objectives 54 Insert new DCP objective To reduce stormwater discharge and improve S.18.2.2 – Stormwater stormwater quality through the incorporation of WSUD Management - on-site. Requirements 55 Insert new DCP provision A Stormwater Drainage Plan is required for all S.18.2.2 – Stormwater developments and must demonstrate compliance Management - with this section as well as the stormwater Requirements management provisions contained in Section 1 – Residential Development, Section 2 – Commercial and Mixed Use Development or Section 3 – Non-residential Development in Residential Zones, whichever applies to the subject development. 56 Amend existing DCP To ensure that erosion and sediment impacts are S.18.3 – Stormwater objective minimised during both the construction and post- Management – construction period and that drainage systems are Maintenance and monitored and maintained. Monitoring 57 Amend existing DCP A qualified Hydraulics engineer should prepare S.18.4 - Stormwater provision Stormwater designs. Designs should incorporate Management - Procedures hydraulic grade line analysis and demonstrate that WSUD has been incorporated to the maximum extent practicable and that the capacity of the existing downstream drainage system is sufficient to carry any additional flow from a development. 58 Amend existing DCP Developments minimise stormwater runoff, maintain S. 2.1.1 - General Objectives provision or improve stormwater quality and encourage recycling where possible.

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER Table B: Recommended changes to draft LEP 2009 and draft DCP 2010 No. Action to ensure best Recommended draft LEP or draft DCP text (if Recommended draft practice required) LEP or draft DCP location 59 Insert new DCP provision Developments minimise stormwater runoff, maintain S.1.1.1 & S.3.1.1 – General or improve stormwater quality and encourage Objectives recycling where possible. 60 Insert new DCP sub- Sustainable roofs S.1.6.10; S.2.6.10; and section. S.3.5.10 61 Insert new DCP objectives. Ob. To produce renewable energy; S.1.6.10; S.2.6.10; and Ob. To produce solar hot water; S.3.5.10 - Sustainable roofs Ob. To reduce internal heating and cooling requirements; Ob. To improve the aesthetics and amenity of the urban environment; Ob. To increase biodiversity; Ob. To reduce stormwater flows; Ob. To improve stormwater quality; Ob. To improve air quality; Ob. To reduce the urban heat island effect; Ob. To improve the efficiency of photovoltaic cells; Ob. To sequester carbon; Ob. To improve the life-span of roof membranes; Ob. To reduce noise pollution; and Ob. To allow for food production where appropriate; and Ob. To provide accessible roof space. 62 Insert new DCP provision. Pr. Development applications for buildings or parts of S.1.6.10; S.2.6.10; and buildings with generally flat roofs are to submit a roof S.3.5.10 - Sustainable roofs top plan demonstrating how the available roof space contributes to the achievement of five or more of the above objectives. ‘Available roof space’ excludes: • Roof plant; • Lift overruns. ‘Available roof space’ includes but is not limited to: • roof top gardens, terraces and recreational spaces. Council encourages the provision of green roofs (extensive, intensive or a hybrid or combination) to achieve many of the above objectives. The North Sydney Council Green Roof Resource Manual should be consulted for technical guidance on the design, construction and maintenance of green roofs. 42 WATER 43 References

Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia City of Portland, Oregon (2008) and New Zealand (1994) Stormwater Management Manual National Water Quality Management Strategy - Policies and Principles City of Seattle, Washington (2010) Seattle Municipal Code Chapter 23 - Green Factor ARUP (2011) City of Seattle, Washington (2009) City of Melbourne Energy, Water & Waste Efficiency Review - Stormwater Manual Vol. 3 of 4: Stormwater Flow Control and Literature Review Water Quality Treatment, Technical Requirements Manual 2009 City of Chicago, Illinois (2009) Chicago Green Homes Program Guide Davis, A.P., Shokouhian, M., Sharma, H., and Minani, C. (1998) City of London Corporation (2011) Optimization of Bioretention Design for Water Quality and The London Plan - Spatial Development Strategy for Greater Hydrologic Characteristics London Devi, Dr. B (2009) City of London Corporation (2011) Water & Our City: A Framework for Total Water Cycle Local Development Framework - Core Strategy (2011) Planning Management Strategy for City Of Sydney Policy Statement 25: Development and Flood Risk Forschungsgesellschaft Landschaftsentwicklung City Of Melbourne, Australia (2009) Landschaftbau (Landscape Research, Development and Total Watermark City as a Catchment Construction Society) (2008) Guidelines for the planning, execution and upkeep of green City Of New York, New York (2008) roof sites Sustainable Stormwater Management Plan 2008, A Greener, Greater New York, City of New York, USA. Government of Western Australia - Department Of Water (2009) City of New York Department of Environmental Protection Operational Policy No. 1.02 – Policy on Water Conservation/ & City of New York Department of Buildings (2012) Efficiency Plans Guidelines for the Design and Construction of Stormwater Management Systems Green Roof Organisation (2011) Green Roof Code of Best Practice for the UK City Of New York, New York (2012) Rules of the City of New York- Title 15, Chapter 31 Joint Steering Committee for Water Sensitive Cities (JSCWSC) (2009) City of Portland, Oregon (2012) Evaluating Options for Water Sensitive Urban Design – A Clean River Rewards – Program Overview National Guide http://www.portlandonline.com/bes/index.cfm?c=43444& Landcom (2009) City of Portland, Oregon (2007) Water Sensitive Urban Design – Book 1 Policy Green Streets Policy http://www.portlandonline.com/bes/index. cfm?a=154231&c=45379

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER Livingroofs.org (2010) Upper Catchment Trust (2004) Copenhagen’s Green Roof Ambitions WSUD Technical Guidelines for Western Sydney http://livingroofs.org/20100522222/world-greenroof- policies/copenhagengreen-roofs.html Wong, T.H.F Ed (2006) Australian Runoff Quality Mcauley, A & McManus, R (2007) A Holistic Approach To Addressing WSUD Capacity Issues Wong T.H.F. et al. (2011) In Local Government Blueprint 2011 Stormwater Management In A Water Sensitive City Mcmanus, R & Morison, P (2007) Barriers And Opportunities To WSUD Adoption In The Botany Wong, T.H.F & Ashley, R. (2006) Bay Catchment International Working Group On Water Sensitive Urban Design

Melbourne Water (2005) Submission To The International Water Association (IWA) WSUD Engineering Procedures: Stormwater and the International Association on Hydraulic Research, Joint Committee On Urban Drainage New South Wales Department of Environment and Climate Change (1998) Managing Urban Stormwater

Northern Territory Government Department Of Planning And Infrastructure (2009) Water Sensitive Urban Design Implementation Framework For Darwin

Prince George’s County Department of Environmental Resources (1993) Design Manual for Use of Bioretention in Storm water Management

Queensland Department Of Infrastructure And Planning (2009) Water Sensitive Urban Design: Design Objectives For Urban Stormwater Management

Queensland Department Of Environment And Resource Management (2010) Urban Stormwater Quality Planning Guidelines

Rabone, F (2006) The Challenge of Implementing Water Harvesting And Reuse In South Australian Towns

Singapore Urban Redevelopment Authority (2009) BCA/GM GFA/2009-04-TD01 URA/PB/2009/04-DCG 44 WATER 45 Appendix A – Review of Water Related Provisions from Other Australian Local Authorities against North Sydney Draft DCP Provisions

Comparison of water use and stormwater provisions from other local authorities against North Sydney draft DCP2012 provisions is shown in the blue columns

Planning Is a change to draft DCP 2012 required to Source Rec. authority Policy name Control type Status Dev’t type Requirement Equivalent provision in draft DCP2012 achieve same effect as the identified provision document No. jurisdiction from other jurisdiction? City of Part A - Stormwater Requirement In force All Single residential developments Specification For No. Draft DCP does not contain numerical Yes. Provisions that guide the quantum of site Canada Bay Drainage Controls - Site Storage Requirement shall be The Management specifications for the quantum of storage storage and discharge for different uses should For Developments 200cum per ha Of Stormwater requirements and discharge. be prepared. This will require catchment based - Permissible Site Discharge shall be 2009 stormwater modelling to be undertaken which can 180L/s per ha then inform land use and location specific on-site storage and discharge requirements. Discharge Commercial, industrial, mixed, dual requirement should be subject to a threshold 17,20 occupancy developments and residential in acknowledgement that applicants for smaller flat buildings develooments will not be in a position to provide - Site Storage Requirement shall be such detailed analysis and information at DA stage. 300cum per ha. - Permissible Site Discharge (PSD) shall be 200L/s per ha. City of Part A - Stormwater Requirement In Force All On-site stormwater absorption (OSA) Specification For Draft DCP contains landscape design provisions that No. Canada Bay Drainage Controls systems may be permitted if easements The Management encourage on-site infiltration (S.1.6.9; S.2.6.7; 3.5.7). For Developments for stormwater disposal through adjoining Of Stormwater As individual lots in North Sydney often have steep downstream properties cannot be 2009 gradients and shallow soils, it is appropriate to leave obtained and a soil assessment and consideration of these design characteristics to permeability test is provided from a development application stage. qualified Geotech Engineer City of Ryde Part: 7.1 Energy Mandated In Force Alterations and Any products installed as part of a City of Ryde Similar. DDCP 2012 requires all water fittings and Yes. Ratings higher than 3.5 stars should be pursued. Smart, Water Wise Technology Additions to a development or as a replacement that are Development appliances to achieve as WELS rating of 3.5stars or To ‘future proof’ the DDCP, an amended provision Dwelling regulated for water efficiency under Water Control Plan 2010 higher. should require products with the highest available 3 Efficiency Labelling and Standards (WELS) WELS rating at the time of assessment are used. Scheme must obtain a Minimum WELS rating of 4.5 stars. City of Ryde Part: 7.1 Energy Mandated In Force Residential Flat Any products installed as part of a City of Ryde Similar. DDCP 2012 requires all water fittings and Yes. Ratings higher than 3.5 stars should be pursued. Smart, Water Wise Technology Buildings (RFBs) development or as a replacement that are Development appliances to achieve as WELS rating of 3.5stars or To ‘future proof’ the DDCP, an amended provision including those regulated for water efficiency under Water Control Plan 2010 higher. should require products with the highest available contained in Efficiency Labelling and Standards (WELS) WELS rating at the time of assessment are used. Mixed RFB/ Scheme must obtain a Minimum WELS Commercial rating of 4.5 stars. 3 Developments Residential Conversion of Former Industrial Buildings

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER Planning Is a change to draft DCP 2012 required to Source Rec. authority Policy name Control type Status Dev’t type Requirement Equivalent provision in draft DCP2012 achieve same effect as the identified provision document No. jurisdiction from other jurisdiction? City of Ryde Part: 7.1 Energy Mandated In Force New Shops, Any products installed as part of a City of Ryde Similar. DDCP 2012 requires all water fittings and Yes. Ratings higher than 3.5 stars should be pursued. Smart, Water Wise Technology Industrial and development or as a replacement that are Development appliances to achieve as WELS rating of 3.5stars or To ‘future proof’ the DDCP, an amended provision Commercial regulated for water efficiency under Water Control Plan 2010 higher. should require products with the highest available Premises Efficiency Labelling and Standards (WELS) WELS rating at the time of assessment are used. 3 (including those Scheme must obtain a Minimum WELS Contained in rating of 4.5 stars. a Mixed-use Development). City of Ryde Part: 7.1 Energy Mandated In Force New and Major Any products installed as part of a City of Ryde Similar. DDCP 2012 requires all water fittings and Yes. Ratings higher than 3.5 stars should be pursued. Smart, Water Wise Technology Alterations to development or as a replacement that are Development appliances to achieve as WELS rating of 3.5stars or To ‘future proof’ the DDCP, an amended provision Motels, Hotels, regulated for water efficiency under Water Control Plan 2010 higher. should require products with the highest available Backpacker Efficiency Labelling and Standards (WELS) WELS rating at the time of assessment are used. 3 Accommodation Scheme must obtain a Minimum WELS and Boarding rating of 4.5 stars. Houses City of Ryde Part: 7.1 Energy Mandated In Force All Other Any products installed as part of a City of Ryde Similar. DDCP 2012 requires all water fittings and Yes. Ratings higher than 3.5 stars should be pursued. Smart, Water Wise Technology Developments development or as a replacement that are Development appliances to achieve as WELS rating of 3.5stars or To ‘future proof’ the DDCP, an amended provision (School, Hospital, regulated for water efficiency under Water Control Plan 2010 higher. should require products with the highest available 3 etc) Efficiency Labelling and Standards (WELS) WELS rating at the time of assessment are used. Scheme must obtain a Minimum WELS rating of 4.5 stars. City of Ryde Part: 7.1 Energy Mandated In Force Alterations and Where new or replacement fittings are City of Ryde Similar. DDCP 2012 requires all water fittings and Yes. Ratings higher than 3.5 stars should be pursued. 3 Smart, Water Wise Technology Additions to a required: Development appliances to achieve as WELS rating of 3.5stars or To ‘future proof’ the DDCP, an amended provision Dwelling - shower heads shall be at least WELS 3 Control Plan 2010 higher. should require products with the highest available star rated WELS rating at the time of assessment are used. - dual flush toilets shall be at least WELS 4 star rated - all taps ( other than bath outlets and garden taps) shall be at least WELS 4 star rated - bathroom and kitchen taps shall be fitted with aerators - water closets shall have a dual flush cistern

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Planning Is a change to draft DCP 2012 required to Source Rec. authority Policy name Control type Status Dev’t type Requirement Equivalent provision in draft DCP2012 achieve same effect as the identified provision document No. jurisdiction from other jurisdiction? City of Ryde Part: 7.1 Energy Mandated In Force Residential Flat Where new or replacement fittings are City of Ryde Similar. DDCP 2012 requires all water fittings and Yes. Ratings higher than 3.5 stars should be pursued. 3 Smart, Water Wise Technology Buildings (RFBs) required: Development appliances to achieve as WELS rating of 3.5stars or To ‘future proof’ the DDCP, an amended provision including those - shower heads shall be at least WELS 3 Control Plan 2010 higher. should require products with the highest available contained in star rated WELS rating at the time of assessment are used. Mixed RFB/ - dual flush toilets shall be at least WELS 4 Commercial star rated Developments - all taps ( other than bath outlets and Residential garden taps) shall be at least WELS 4 star Conversion of rated Former Industrial - bathroom and kitchen taps shall be Buildings fitted with aerators - water closets shall have a dual flush cistern. City of Ryde Part: 7.1 Energy Mandated In Force New Shops, Where new or replacement fittings are City of Ryde Similar. DDCP 2012 requires all water fittings and Yes. Ratings higher than 3.5 stars should be pursued. 3 Smart, Water Wise Technology Industrial and required: Development appliances to achieve as WELS rating of 3.5stars or To ‘future proof’ the DDCP, an amended provision Commercial - shower heads shall be at least WELS 3 Control Plan 2010 higher. should require products with the highest available Premises star rated WELS rating at the time of assessment are used. (including those - dual flush toilets shall be at least WELS 4 Contained in star rated a Mixed-use - all taps ( other than bath outlets and Development). garden taps) shall be at least WELS 4 star rated - bathroom and kitchen taps shall be fitted with aerators - water closets shall have a dual flush cistern City of Ryde Part: 7.1 Energy Mandated In Force New and Major Where new or replacement fittings are City of Ryde Similar. DDCP 2012 requires all water fittings and Yes. Ratings higher than 3.5 stars should be pursued. 3 Smart, Water Wise Technology Alterations to required: Development appliances to achieve as WELS rating of 3.5stars or To ‘future proof’ the DDCP, an amended provision Motels, Hotels, - shower heads shall be at least WELS 3 Control Plan 2010 higher. should require products with the highest available Backpacker star rated WELS rating at the time of assessment are used. Accommodation - dual flush toilets shall be at least WELS 4 and Boarding star rated Houses - all taps ( other than bath outlets and garden taps) shall be at least WELS 4 star rated - bathroom and kitchen taps shall be fitted with aerators - water closets shall have a dual flush cistern

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER Planning Is a change to draft DCP 2012 required to Source Rec. authority Policy name Control type Status Dev’t type Requirement Equivalent provision in draft DCP2012 achieve same effect as the identified provision document No. jurisdiction from other jurisdiction? City of Ryde Part: 7.1 Energy Mandated In Force All Other Where new or replacement fittings are City of Ryde Similar. DDCP 2012 requires all water fittings and Yes. Ratings higher than 3.5 stars should be pursued. 3 Smart, Water Wise Technology Developments required: Development appliances to achieve as WELS rating of 3.5stars or To ‘future proof’ the DDCP, an amended provision (School, Hospital, - shower heads shall be at least WELS 3 star Control Plan 2010 higher. should require products with the highest available etc) rated WELS rating at the time of assessment are used. - dual flush toilets shall be at least WELS 4 star rated - all taps ( other than bath outlets and garden taps) shall be at least WELS 4 star rated - bathroom and kitchen taps shall be fitted with aerators - water closets shall have a dual flush cistern City of Ryde Part: 4.5 Macquarie Performance In Force All commercial Commercial development is required to Ryde Draft DCP2012 requires developments over Yes. While floor space incentives may not be 1, 2 Park Corridor Criteria development achieve a 4 Star Green Star Certified Rating. Development 5000m² in size to demonstrate that it can achieve a appropriate in the North Sydney context given Additional floor space may be permitted Control Plan 2010 minimum 5 star Green Star rating. No incentivisation the sensitive nature of uses surrounding the CBD, within a development where the building is provided for higher ratings. submission requirements and rating tool thresholds can demonstrate design excellence should be restructured according to use and size. and environmental sustainability. For Use of rating tools should have a dedicated section consideration of the additional floor space at the beginning of S2.6 and S3.5 – Efficient use of a minimum 5 Green Star- Green Building Resources. All subsequent sections under 2.6 and Council of Australia (GBCA) should be 3.5 should include a statement that they only apply provided. to developments that are not subject to the rating tool provisions. City of Part E: Environmental Guidance In Force All development Landscaping assists in microclimate South Sydney Yes No Sydney Design Criteria management and to maximise DCP 1997: Urban landscaped areas available for on-site Design infiltration of stormwater - is designed to assist in stormwater control by including permeable surfaces to absorb water and minimise run-off. - includes paving in driveways, walkways, entries, outdoor patios and garbage bin enclosures, letter boxes and clothes lines. Such paving is: - semi-porous or graded to maximise on- site infiltration of stormwater, - in materials and colours which complement the development, - in non-slip finishes.

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Planning Is a change to draft DCP 2012 required to Source Rec. authority Policy name Control type Status Dev’t type Requirement Equivalent provision in draft DCP2012 achieve same effect as the identified provision document No. jurisdiction from other jurisdiction? City of Part E: Environmental Guidance In Force All development The stormwater drainage is designed to South Sydney Draft DCP contains similar provisions, particularly in Yes. This type of stormwater drainage design 5 Sydney Design Criteria ensure existing downstream systems are DCP 1997: Urban stormwater sections (S.1.6.9; S.2.6.7; S.3.5.7). However guidance should be located in Section 18 – not adversely affected. It should: Design Section 18 – Stormwater drainage does not include Stormwater drainage in addition to the existing - ‘fit’ as much as possible, within the provisions encouraging on-site retention, mimicry of guidance in the stormwater sub-sections in Sections hydrology of the natural system; natural systems, retention of veg, etc. 1, 2 & 3. - emphasise stormwater detention, vegetated overflow lines, sensitive location of discharge points and quality of receiving waters; - minimise non-porous surfaces to reduce stormwater run-off; - store water for re-use (such as in rainwater tanks); - retain existing trees and; - excludes land needed for natural or modified drainage, floodplains, remnant vegetation, environmental values; - stormwater drains are designed to accept rainwater only excluding other pollutants from the City’s waterways.

On-site detention, preferably on unpaved or grass surfaces, is used to trap and remove contaminants from stormwater and increase infiltration into the ground. Where technically possible, on-site gravel filled retention pits are incorporated. City of Part E: Environmental Incentive In Force All development A bonus floor space incentive of up South Sydney No. Most areas of North Sydney are fully developed Sydney Design Criteria to 0.25:1 of the total site area, may be DCP 1997: Urban and as such the introduction of floor space applicable to sites requiring the provision Design incentives may conflict with community of: expectations regarding the scale and density of - Stormwater amplification, integrated their neighbourhoods. Further the number of large water treatment facilities and large- sites that are capable of accommodating large scale scale detention systems and other civil stormwater infrastructure is limited. Investigation infrastructure projects into appropriateness of this provision for particular types and sizes of non-residential development is required if such incentives are to be pursued. City of Section 2 General Performance Draft, likely All All new fittings and fixtures for amenities Sydney Similar. DDCP 2012 requires all water fittings and Yes. Provision similar to that contained in City of 3 Sydney Provisions - Section Criteria to come developments in all non-residential development, the Development appliances to achieve as WELS rating of 3.5stars or Sydney Draft Development Control Plan 2010 2.6 Water into force not subject to public domain, and public and private Control Plan 2010 higher. S2.6 Water should be included in DDCP2010 to all BASIX parks are to be installed to the highest development not subject to BASIX Water Efficiency Labelling Scheme (WELS) star rating available at the time of development.

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER Planning Is a change to draft DCP 2012 required to Source Rec. authority Policy name Control type Status Dev’t type Requirement Equivalent provision in draft DCP2012 achieve same effect as the identified provision document No. jurisdiction from other jurisdiction? City of Section 2 General Performance Draft, likely All Rainwater tanks should be installed for all Sydney The use of rainwater tanks for uses not requiring Yes. Amend existing provisions to improve guidance 8 Sydney Provisions - Section Criteria to come developments non-residential developments, including Development potable water is implied in many provisions, regarding use of rainwater. 2.6 Water into force not subject to major alterations and additions, and Control Plan 2010 however it is not explicit. BASIX plumbed to appropriate end uses. City of Section 2 General Performance Draft, likely All Where a non-residential building, the Sydney No. Further investigation into appropriateness of this Sydney Provisions - Section Criteria to come developments public domain, a public or private park Development provision for particular types and sizes of non- 2.6 Water into force not subject to or a community facility is serviced by a Control Plan 2010 residential development is required. BASIX dual reticulation system for permitted non-potable uses such as toilet flushing, irrigation, car washing, fire fighting

and certain industrial purposes, the development is to provide connections for the system. City of Section 2 General Performance Draft, likely All Water used for irrigation of public and Sydney Yes. S.2.6.5 & S.3.5.5 provide guidance regarding the No. Sydney Provisions - Section Criteria to come developments private open space is to be drawn from Development use of stormwater and greywater. 2.6 Water into force not subject to reclaimed water or harvested rainwater Control Plan 2010 BASIX sources. Possible sources include harvested stormwater, and treated grey water and wastewater. City of Section 2 General Performance Draft, likely All Separate meters are to be installed on Sydney No. DDCP does not contain any provisions requiring Yes. Insert provision to apply to non-residential 11 Sydney Provisions - Section Criteria to come developments separate units of occupancy in commercial Development submetering. development in the commercial and mixed-use 2.6 Water into force not subject to buildings over 5,000sqm gross floor area, Control Plan 2010 zones. Non-residential uses in the residential zones BASIX for example, separate tenant areas within a are unlikely to meet a 5000m² threshold. shopping centre. City of Section 2 General Performance Draft, likely All Separate meters are to be installed for Sydney No. DDCP does not contain any provisions requiring Yes. Insert provision to apply to all non-residential 12 Sydney Provisions - Section Criteria to come developments the make-up lines to cooling towers, Development submetering. development. 2.6 Water into force not subject to swimming pools, on the water supply to Control Plan 2010 BASIX outdoor irrigation, and other major uses. City of Section 2 General Performance Draft, likely All Where cooling towers are used they are: Sydney No. A combination of provisions contained in Strathfield 13 Sydney Provisions - Section Criteria to come developments - to be connected to a recirculating Development Municipal Council Consolidated Development 2.6 Water into force not subject to cooling water loop; Control Plan 2010 Control Plan 2005 Part N and City of Sydney Draft BASIX - discouraged where they are a single Development Control Plan 2010 S2.6 Water should pass cooling systems; and be included in the DDCP. - to be connected to a conductivity meter so that the blow down or bleed off system in a cooling tower can be automated based on conductivity. This ensures that the water is being re-circulated an optimum number of times before being discharged to sewer.

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Planning Is a change to draft DCP 2012 required to Source Rec. authority Policy name Control type Status Dev’t type Requirement Equivalent provision in draft DCP2012 achieve same effect as the identified provision document No. jurisdiction from other jurisdiction? City of Section 2 General Performance Draft, likely All Sites of: Sydney DDCP contains provisions that encourage The number of large sites in North Sydney that are Sydney Provisions - Section Criteria to come developments (a) 1,000sqm or more in the Fowler’s Creek Development stormwater detention and infiltration on all sites. capable of accommodating large scale stormwater 2.6 Water into force not subject to catchment area Control Plan 2010 infrastructure is limited. Regardless, the DDCP BASIX (b) 1,800sqm or more in other catchments. encourages on-site detention for all sites. Where filtration and bio-retention devices are proposed, they are to be designed to capture and provide temporary storage for stormwater. City of Section 2 General Performance Draft, likely All Sites of: (a) 1,000sqm or more in the Sydney No. DDCP does not contain benchmarks for the Yes. Requirement for a stormwater quality 16 Sydney Provisions - Section Criteria to come developments Fowler’s Creek catchment area Development quality of water leaving a site. assessment, utilising the CoS benchmarks, should 2.6 Water into force not subject to (b) 1,800sqm or more in other catchments. Control Plan 2010 be applied to large developments. BASIX Development of a site with a site area Further, a new objective is required regarding the 18 greater than 1,000sqm is to undertake improvement of post-development water quality. a stormwater quality assessment to demonstrate that the development will achieve the post-development pollutant load standards indicated below: - Litter and vegetation larger than 5mm: 90% reduction on the Baseline Annual Pollutant Load; - Total Suspended Solids: 85% reduction on the Baseline Annual Pollutant Load; - Total Phosphorous: 65% reduction on the Baseline Annual Pollutant Load; - Total Nitrogen: 45% reduction on the Baseline Annual Pollutant Load City of Section E Requirement In Force All development This control is to be implemented by Wollongong No. Yes. Provisions that guide the quantum of site 17,20 Wollongong Environmental introducing small basins (OSD basins) on Development storage and discharge for different uses should Controls - Chapter each developing site that serve to delay Control Plan 2009 be prepared. This will require catchment based E14: Stormwater and reduce peak runoff from the site stormwater modelling to be undertaken which can Management such that post-development discharges then inform land use and location specific on-site do no exceed pre-development levels storage and discharge requirements. Discharge anywhere in the catchment. Key to the requirement should be subject to a threshold design of these basins are two parameters, in acknowledgement that applicants for smaller the permissible site discharge (PSD l/sec) developments will not be in a position to provide and the site storage requirement (SSR such detailed analysis and information at DA stage. m3). The PSD is the discharge limit for runoff from a development site, and SSR is the storage associated with this PSD, required to ensure that there is no increase in flood peak discharges anywhere in the catchment, for all storm frequencies and durations.

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER Planning Is a change to draft DCP 2012 required to Source Rec. authority Policy name Control type Status Dev’t type Requirement Equivalent provision in draft DCP2012 achieve same effect as the identified provision document No. jurisdiction from other jurisdiction? Coffs Coffs Harbour Water Requirement In Force All development Limit the post-development peak 1 Coffs Harbour No. DDCP does not specifically require the post- Yes. Insert new DCP objective so it is clear that 17 Harbour City Sensitive Urban yr Average Recurrence Interval event Water Sensitive development discharge rate to be the same or less subsequent provisions regarding WSUD and OSD Council Design Policy 2009 discharge to the receiving waterway to the Urban Design than the pre-development discharge rate. seek to maintain or reduce stormwater discharge. pre-development condition. Policy 2009 Coffs Coffs Harbour Water Requirement In Force All development Capture and manage the first 10mm of Coffs Harbour No. DDCP does not specifically require the capture Yes. Insert new DCP objective so it is clear that 18 Harbour City Sensitive Urban runoff from all impervious surfaces of the Water Sensitive of the initial runoff from impervious surfaces. subsequent provisions regarding WSUD and OSD Council Design Policy 2009 proposed development. Urban Design seek to improve stormwater quality. Policy 2009 Dungog Part C - Section 18 - Performance In Force Commercial Commercial buildings shall install Dungog The use of rainwater tanks for uses not requiring Yes. Amend existing provisions to improve 8 Council Water Efficiency and Criteria buildings rainwater tanks that have a minimum Development potable water is implied in many provisions, guidance regarding use of rainwater. Specification Water Usage capacity of 1,000 litres for every 10m² in Control Plan 2004 however it is not explicit. Further no specification of minimum tank capacity will require catchment ground floor area. The tank must have regarding tank capacity is provided. modelling. Rainwater tank provisions should be a sufficient capacity and be connected so stormwater initiative. as to supplement water for the following services on the site: - toilet flushing - laundry - garden irrigation - external washing (cars, paved area etc.) Ku-ring-gai Chapter 6 – On- Performance In Force Minor alterations At least one rainwater tank shall be Water The use of rainwater tanks for uses not requiring Yes. Amend existing provisions to improve 8,9, Council site Stormwater Criteria and additions established to capture all roof water from Management potable water is implied in many provisions, guidance regarding use of rainwater. Rainwater 26 Management - any alteration the primary building(s) on the property. Development however it is not explicit. Further no specification tank provisions should be a stormwater initiative or addition to a Minimum tank volume must be 2000L or Control Plan – regarding tank capacity is provided. and be located in the stormwater section. This will single detached as determined by BASIX when in force. DCP 47 ensure it does not conflict with BASIX. Specification dwelling where of minimum tank capacity will require catchment the net increase modelling. in built upon area is 100m2 or less. Ku-ring-gai Chapter 6 – On- Performance In Force Major alterations At least one rainwater tank shall be Water The use of rainwater tanks for uses not requiring Yes. Amend existing provisions to improve 8,9, Council site Stormwater Criteria and additions established to capture all roof water from Management potable water is implied in many provisions, guidance regarding use of rainwater. Rainwater tank 26 Management - any alteration the primary building(s) on the property. Development however it is not explicit. Further no specification provisions are a stormwater initiative and should be or addition to a Minimum tank volume must be 3000L or Control Plan – regarding tank capacity is provided. located in the stormwater subsection. Specification single detached as determined by BASIX when in force. DCP 47 of minimum tank capacity will require catchment dwelling where Water to be used for garden irrigation only modelling. the net increase or as determined by BASIX when in force. in built upon Until such time as BASIX is in force for area is 100m2 or alterations and additions, in addition to the greater mandatory rainwater tank, the design of the development shall include a proposal for additional retention of a minimum 2000L

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Planning Is a change to draft DCP 2012 required to Source Rec. authority Policy name Control type Status Dev’t type Requirement Equivalent provision in draft DCP2012 achieve same effect as the identified provision document No. jurisdiction from other jurisdiction? Ku-ring-gai Chapter 6 – On- Performance In Force Dual At least one rainwater tank shall be Water No. No. This type of development is covered by BASIX. Council site Stormwater Criteria Occupancies - established to capture all roof water from Management Management two dwellings on the primary building(s) on the property. Development one allotment Minimum tank volume must be as Control Plan – (either attached determined by BASIX for the new dwelling DCP 47 or detached), plus 5000 litres of storage for the existing where either one dwelling to be retained. or both of the dwellings are new. Ku-ring-gai Chapter 6 – On- Performance In Force Multi Unit At least one rainwater tank shall be Water No No. This type of development is covered by BASIX. Council site Stormwater Criteria Development established to capture all roof water from Management Management - any the primary building(s) on the property. Development development Minimum tank volume must be 1000L per Control Plan – involving unit or 20m3, whichever is the greater, or DCP 47 three or more as determined by BASIX when in force. dwellings on Water must be used for all irrigation, toilet one allotment, flushing and laundry or as determined by regardless of BASIX the size of the allotment and regardless of whether the dwellings are attached or detached. Includes SEPP 5 housing and residential flat buildings. Ku-ring-gai Chapter 6 – On- Performance In Force Business, At least one rainwater tank shall be Water The use of rainwater tanks for uses not requiring Yes. Amend existing provisions to improve 8 Council site Stormwater Criteria commercial or established to capture all roof water from Management potable water is implied in many DDCP provisions, guidance regarding use of rainwater. Specification Management retail premises the primary building(s) on the property. Development however it is not explicit. Further no specification of minimum tank capacity will require catchment - any building Minimum tank volume must be 1000L Control Plan – regarding tank capacity is provided. modelling. Rainwater tank provisions should be a to be used per 100m2 floor space or as determined DCP 47 stormwater reduction initiative and do not conflict for business, by BASIX when in force. Water must be with BASIX.. commercial or plumbed to all toilets and for garden retail purposes, irrigation, or as determined by BASIX when including in force professional consulting rooms and mixed developments

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER Planning Is a change to draft DCP 2012 required to Source Rec. authority Policy name Control type Status Dev’t type Requirement Equivalent provision in draft DCP2012 achieve same effect as the identified provision document No. jurisdiction from other jurisdiction? Newcastle Element 4.05 Water Performance In Force All residential A rain water tank with a minimum capacity Newcastle DCP The use of rainwater tanks for uses not requiring Yes. Amend existing provisions to improve 8,9, City Council Management Criteria development of 3,000 litres is required in order to reduce 2005 potable water is implied in many provisions, guidance regarding use of rainwater. Rainwater 26 where mains water demand and to assist in however it is not explicit. Further no specification tank provisions relate to stormwater and should be impervious area minimising stormwater discharge from regarding tank capacity is provided. located accordingly. Specification of minimum tank is created that the site. The tank water must be used capacity will require catchment modelling.. is not subject to to supply all toilet cisterns and washing BASIX machine taps. The water should also be used for garden watering. Overflows must be connected to other discharge controls. Newcastle Element 4.05 Water Performance In Force All development Where plumbing fixtures and water Newcastle DCP Similar. DDCP 2012 requires all water fittings and Yes. Ratings higher than 3.5 stars should be pursued. 3 City Council Management Criteria where appliances are proposed to be installed, 2005 appliances to achieve as WELS rating of 3.5stars or To ‘future proof’ the DDCP, an amended provision impervious area such are to be of the following type: higher. should require products with the highest available is created that - AAA (or better) water rated WELS rating at the time of assessment are used. is not subject to showerheads; BASIX - Maximum 6-litre/3-litre dual flush toilet cisterns where they are not supplied by a roof water tank. - Where washing appliances are installed, they should be AAA (or better) water rated where they are not supplied by a roof water tank. - Where installed, garden water hoses should be fitted with trigger nozzles in order to maximise the efficiency of garden watering. - Dishwashers AAA or better rated Newcastle Element 4.05 Water Performance In Force All development Onsite stormwater storage provision Newcastle DCP No. DDCP does not specifically require the capture Yes. Insert new DCP objective so it is clear that 18 City Council Management Criteria where dependant on size of sites with particular 2005 of the initial runoff from impervious surfaces. subsequent provisions regarding WSUD and OSD impervious area impervious area coverage. This can be seek to improve stormwater quality. Principle of is created that achieved by intercepting and storing greater storage for larger sites is supported but is not subject to 12mm of rainfall from a minimum of 90% overly specific controls such as those in Newcastle BASIX of the impervious area of the site. DCP are difficult to implement. Where the proposed development covers Minimisation of impervious area should be an 34 100% of the site area, the interception and expressly stated objective. storage of 25mm of rainfall will achieve the peak runoff requirement. The rainfall depth storage can be linearly interpolated between 12 and 25mm for sites between 50% and 100% of the impervious area of the site.

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Planning Is a change to draft DCP 2012 required to Source Rec. authority Policy name Control type Status Dev’t type Requirement Equivalent provision in draft DCP2012 achieve same effect as the identified provision document No. jurisdiction from other jurisdiction? Parramatta Part 3 Development Requirement In Force All new non- WSUD principles are to be integrated into Parramatta Yes. S.2.6.7 & S.3.5.7 – Stormwater and water The emphasis on managing stormwater ‘at 19 City Council Principles residential the development through the design of Development management deal with WSUD. source’ or ‘on site’ instead of relying on ‘end of development stormwater drainage, on-site detention Control Plan 2011 pipe’ treatment should be evident in stormwater 3.3.6 WSUD and landscaping and in the orientation of objectives. Non-residential the development rather than relying on alterations and ‘end of pipe’ treatment devices prior to additions where discharge. the increase in the roofed and / or impervious area* is equal to or greater than 150m2 Parramatta Part 3 Development Requirement In Force All new non- Operating practices and technology are to Parramatta Yes. S.2.6.7 and S.3.5.7 – Stormwater and water No. City Council Principles residential be employed to prevent contamination of Development management require applicants to demonstrate development stormwater Control Plan 2011 how the quality of water leaving the site will be 3.3.6 WSUD improved. Non-residential alterations and additions where the increase in the roofed and / or impervious area* is equal to or greater than 150m2 Parramatta Part 3 Development Requirement In Force All new non- Development is to be sited and built Parramatta No. Yes. Requirement for a stormwater quality 16 City Council Principles residential to minimise disturbance of the natural Development assessment, utilising the Parramatta benchmarks, development drainage system. Control Plan 2011 should be applied to large developments. 3.3.6 WSUD Non-residential Further, a new objective is required regarding the 18,19 alterations and improvement of post-development water quality. additions where the increase in A provision should be inserted to ensure impervious 34 the roofed and areas are minimised. / or impervious area* is equal to or greater than 150m2

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER Planning Is a change to draft DCP 2012 required to Source Rec. authority Policy name Control type Status Dev’t type Requirement Equivalent provision in draft DCP2012 achieve same effect as the identified provision document No. jurisdiction from other jurisdiction? Parramatta Part 3 Development Requirement In Force All new non- Rainwater tanks or other alternative water Parramatta No. Yes. Expressing a reduction in potable water usage 26 City Council Principles residential sources are to be installed to meet 80% of Development as a percentage holds little meaning at DA stage development toilet and laundry demands. Control Plan 2011 especially for small DAs to which the provision will 3.3.6 WSUD apply. A new provision should seek to ‘maximise’ Non-residential the use of alternative water sources. alterations and additions where Other uses of non-potable water should also be the increase in included such as water features, toilet flushing, 8 the roofed and laundry, irrigation, machinery and cooling towers. / or impervious area* is equal to or greater than 150m2 Parramatta Part 3 Development Requirement In Force All new non- Connection to recycled water (serviced Parramatta No. Yes. Include provision regarding the use of recycled 27 City Council Principles residential by dual reticulation) for permitted non- Development water. development potable uses such as toilet flushing, Control Plan 2011 3.3.6 WSUD laundry, irrigation, car washing, fire Non-residential fighting, industrial processes and cooling alterations and towers additions where the increase in the roofed and / or impervious area* is equal to or greater than 150m2 Parramatta Part 3 Development Requirement In Force All new non- Cooling towers are to be connected to a Parramatta No. Yes. A combination of provisions contained 13 City Council Principles residential conductivity meter to ensure optimum Development in Strathfield Municipal Council Consolidated development circulation; include a water meter Control Plan 2011 Development Control Plan 2005 Part N and City of 3.3.6 WSUD connected to a building energy and water Sydney Draft Development Control Plan 2010 S2.6 Non-residential metering system to monitor water usage; Water should be included in DDCP2012. alterations and and to employ alternative water sources additions where where practical. the increase in the roofed and / or impervious area* is equal to or greater than 150m2

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Planning Is a change to draft DCP 2012 required to Source Rec. authority Policy name Control type Status Dev’t type Requirement Equivalent provision in draft DCP2012 achieve same effect as the identified provision document No. jurisdiction from other jurisdiction? Parramatta Part 3 Development Requirement In Force All new non- Irrigation, water features and other Parramatta No. Yes. Expressing a reduction in potable water 26 City Council Principles residential open space features are to be supplied Development usage as a percentage holds little meaning at DA development from alternative sources to meet 80% of Control Plan 2011 stage. A new provision should seek to ‘maximise’ 27 3.3.6 WSUD demand. the use of alternative water sources. Other uses of 8 Non-residential non-potable water should also be included such alterations and as water features, toilet flushing, laundry, irrigation, additions where machinery and cooling towers. the increase in the roofed and / or impervious area* is equal to or greater than 150m2 Strathfield Part N - Water Requirement In force All new Where cooling towers are used they are: Strathfield No Yes. A combination of provisions contained 13 Municipal Sensitive Urban commercial, - to be connected to a conductivity Municipal Council in Strathfield Municipal Council Consolidated Guidance Council Design retail, mixed use meter to ensure optimum circulation Consolidated Development Control Plan 2005 Part N and City of and industrial before discharge. Development Sydney Draft Development Control Plan 2010 S2.6 development - to include a water meter connected to Control Plan 2005 Water should be included in DDCP2012. greater than a building energy and water metering 1,500m2 total system to monitor water usage. site area - to employ alternative water sources for cooling towers where practical New residential villas, flats and townhouses greater than 2,000m2 total site area. Strathfield Part N - Water Performance In Force All new Water use within public open space Strathfield Similar provisions for non-potable water use for Yes. Expressing a reduction in potable water usage 26 Municipal Sensitive Urban Criteria commercial, (for uses such as irrigation, pools, water Municipal Council irrigation and toilet flushing(S2.6.5, S3.5.5). as a percentage holds little meaning at DA stage. Council Design retail, mixed use features etc.) should be supplied from Consolidated No use of thresholds. A new provision should seek to ‘maximise’ the use 27 Submission and industrial sources other than potable mains water to Development of alternative water sources. Other uses of non- 8 Requirement development meet 80% water use demand Control Plan 2005 potable water should also be included such as greater than water features, toilet flushing, laundry, irrigation, 1,500m2 total machinery and cooling towers. site area Threshold for large developments should be introduced with more onerous submission 23 requirements. Strathfield Part N - Water Performance In Force All new Dual reticulation is to be installed for toilet Strathfield No Yes. A combination of provisions contained 27 Municipal Sensitive Urban Criteria commercial, flushing, laundry, irrigation and potentially Municipal Council in Strathfield Municipal Council Consolidated Council Design retail, mixed use cooling towers in large redevelopment Consolidated Development Control Plan 2005 Part N and City of and industrial areas Development Sydney Draft Development Control Plan 2010 S2.6 development Control Plan 2005 Water should be included in DDCP2012. greater than 1,500m2 total site area

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER Planning Is a change to draft DCP 2012 required to Source Rec. authority Policy name Control type Status Dev’t type Requirement Equivalent provision in draft DCP2012 achieve same effect as the identified provision document No. jurisdiction from other jurisdiction? Strathfield Part N - Water Performance In Force All new Stormwater quality requirements are: Strathfield No Yes – new provisions required to detail stormwater 16 Municipal Sensitive Urban Criteria commercial, - 90% reduction in the post Municipal Council quality improvement commensurate with the scale Council Design retail, mixed use development mean annual load of Consolidated and likely impact of the development. and industrial total gross pollutant (greater than 5 Development development mm) Control Plan 2005 greater than - 85% reduction in the post 1,500m2 total development mean annual load of site area Total Suspended Solids (TSS). - 60% reduction in the post development mean annual load of Total Phosphorus (TP). - 45% reduction in the post development mean annual load of Total Nitrogen (TN) Strathfield Part C - Multiple-Unit Performance In Force Multiple-Unit Developments are required to be fitted Strathfield Similar. DDCP 2012 requires all water fittings and Yes. Provision similar to that contained in City of 3 Municipal Housing Criteria Housing with appliances and plumbing hardware Municipal Council appliances to achieve as WELS rating of 3.5stars or Sydney Draft Development Control Plan 2010 Council which have a “AAA” Australian Standards Consolidated higher. S2.6 Water should be included in DDCP2012 to all Water Conservation Rating and meet Development development not subject to BASIX the manual of Assessment Procedure for Control Plan 2005 Water Efficient Appliances SAA MP64-1995 which aim to reduce water consumption, including those devices indicated below: - Shower head which allows 9 litres flow or less per minute - Water tap which allows 9 litres flow or less per minute - Dual flush toilet with maximum 6/3 litre capacity dual flush cistern or approved dual flush equivalent - Low water use dishwasher and washing machine. Strathfield Part C - Multiple-Unit Performance In Force Multiple-Unit A rainwater collection tank must be Strathfield Similar. DDCP 2012 requires all water fittings and No. This provision duplicates BASIX. Municipal Housing Criteria Housing included in all multiple unit housing Municipal Council appliances to achieve as WELS rating of 3.5stars or Council developments. The use of tank water for Consolidated higher. outdoor purposes such as garden watering Development should have the effect of ‘saving’ higher- Control Plan 2005 grade water. The size of the rainwater tank will be based on the following calculation: - First 10 dwellings – minimum 500 litres per dwelling = 5000litres - Each dwelling thereafter – additional minimum 250 litres per dwelling

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Planning Is a change to draft DCP 2012 required to Source Rec. authority Policy name Control type Status Dev’t type Requirement Equivalent provision in draft DCP2012 achieve same effect as the identified provision document No. jurisdiction from other jurisdiction? City of Clause 22.23 Requirement In Force New buildings Ensure that developments comply with Melbourne No. Yes – new provisions required to detail stormwater 16 Melbourne Stormwater the best practice performance objectives Planning Scheme quality improvement commensurate with the scale Management (Water Extensions for suspended solids, total phosphorus and likely impact of the development. Sensitive Urban to existing and total nitrogen, as set out in the Urban Design) buildings which Stormwater Best Practice Environmental are 50 square Management Guidelines, Victoria metres in floor Stormwater Committee 1999 as amended. area or greater. Currently, these water quality performance A subdivision in objectives require: a business zone - Suspended Solids - 80% retention of typical urban annual load - Total Nitrogen - 45% retention of typical urban annual load - Total Phosphorus - 45% retention of typical urban annual load - Litter - 70% reduction of typical urban annual load Queensland Part 4 – Water meters Requirement In Force Meterable The water supply to a meterable premise Queensland No. Yes. Insert provision to apply to non-residential 11 Government for new premises premises within must be fitted with a device (water meter) Plumbing and development. the following to measure the amount of water supplied Wastewater Code classifications to the premises. under the Building Code of Each water supply to a meterable premise Australia is to be fitted with a water meter which measures only the water supplied by that - the sole- water supply to that meterable premise. occupancy unit of a class 5, 6, 7 building Landcom WSUD Policy 2009 Requirement In Force Non-residential 100% of commercial buildings must be WSUD Policy 2009 Draft DCP2012 requires an independent energy Yes. Restructure submission requirements and 2 development designed to achieve a 5 star NABERS assessment report for new commercial buildings, rating tool thresholds according to use and size. Rating. refurbs, tenancies and fitouts demonstrating Use of rating tools should have a dedicated section potential for 4.5star NABERS rating (S2.6.1). However at the beginning of S2.6 and S3.5 – Efficient use of no such provision applied to non-residential devt. in Resources. All subsequent sections under 2.6 and res zones or for water 3.5 should include a statement that they only apply to developments that are not subject to the rating tool provisions. Landcom WSUD Policy 2009 Requirement In Force All development 100% of new developments are to WSUD Policy 2009 No. Yes. Other uses of non-potable water should also 27 incorporate a dual water reticulation be included such as water features, toilet flushing, system to supply non-potable water laundry, irrigation and cooling towers. to toilets gardens and laundry. Where recycled water is available it must be connected and utilised for these uses.

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER Planning Is a change to draft DCP 2012 required to Source Rec. authority Policy name Control type Status Dev’t type Requirement Equivalent provision in draft DCP2012 achieve same effect as the identified provision document No. jurisdiction from other jurisdiction? Landcom WSUD Policy 2009 Requirement In Force All sub-divisions Pollution control - Using best practice WSUD Policy 2009 No. Yes – new provisions required to detail stormwater 16 WSUD technologies achieve the following quality improvement commensurate with the scale pollution targets: and likely impact of the development. - 45% reduction in the mean annual load of Total Nitrogen (Stretch Target 65%) - 65% reduction in the mean annual load of Total Phosphorus (Stretch Target 85%) - 85% reduction in the mean annual load of Total Suspended Solids (Stretch Target 90%).

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Appendix B – WSUD Best Practice - International

Planning authority Policy name Control type Status Requirement Source document jurisdiction Chicago, Illinios, USA Chicago Green Homes Program Guidance In Force Reduce site’s overall net imperviousness in order to reduce the rate Chicago Green Homes Program and quantity of stormwater runoff. Incentive Chicago, Illinios, USA Chicago Green Homes Program Guidance In Force Remove 80% post-development total suspended solids from Chicago Green Homes Program stormwater runoff. Incentive Chicago, Illinios, USA Chicago Green Homes Program Guidance In Force Install stormwater treatment systems such as Filtration Basins, Rain Chicago Green Homes Program Gardens, Vegetated Filter Strips, or Bioswales (grass swales) to reduce Incentive and treat stormwater volumes leaving the site - the vegetated area provided must receive runoff from adjacent impervious surfaces. This includes use of parking lot islands Chicago, Illinios, USA Chicago Green Homes Program Guidance In Force Use permeable materials for at least 40% of driveways, patios, and Chicago Green Homes Program walkways. Incentive Chicago, Illinios, USA Chicago Green Homes Program Guidance In Force Provide a green roof on 10 - 50% of the total roof area (including Chicago Green Homes Program garage roofs). Incentive Chicago, Illinios, USA HB1013 Performance Criteria In Force New buildings and major renovations of 10,000 sq ft or more must Public Act 096-0073 (2009) achieve at minimum LEED Silver or equivalent certification. New buildings and major renovations less than 10,000 sq ft must strive to meet the highest standard of the LEED rating system or equivalent but are not required to achieve certification. London, UK Policy 5.11 Green Roofs And Guidance In Force Incorporate living roofs and walls, where feasible to delivers as many London Plan (2011) Development Site Environs of the following objectives as possible: - Accessible roof space - Adapting and mitigating for climate change - Sustainable urban drainage - Enhancing biodiversity - Improved appearance - improvements to appearance and resilience of the building - growing food London, UK Policy 5.10 Urban Greening Guidance In Force Development proposals should integrate green infrastructure from London Plan (2011) the beginning of the design process to contribute to urban greening, including the public realm. Elements that can contribute to this include tree planting, green roofs and walls, and soft landscaping. London, UK Chapter 4 – Managing Flood Guidance In Force The City of London Corporation should consider installing City of London Corporation - Climate Risks sustainable drainage systems, green roofs or green walls on City of Adaptation Strategy (2007) London Corporation-owned car parks and buildings when they are refurbished or replaced. London, UK Chapter 4 – Managing Flood Guidance In Force The City of London Corporation should examine a range of City of London Corporation - Climate Risks incentives to encourage sustainable drainage systems and green Adaptation Strategy (2007) roofs.

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER Planning authority Policy name Control type Status Requirement Source document jurisdiction London, UK Chapter 5 – Managing Water Use Requirement In Force Water consumption is limited new dwellings and flats to 125 litres City of London Corporation - Climate per person per day using the 'Water Efficiency Calculator for New Adaptation Strategy (2007) Dwellings'. The calculator encourages the use of efficient fittings and appliances and 'non-wholesome' water such as harvested rainwater or reclaimed grey water for toilet flushing etc London, UK Policy CS15: Sustainable Requirement In Force Requiring all redevelopment proposals to demonstrate the City of London Corporation - Local Development and Climate highest feasible and viable sustainability standards in the design, Development Framework Core Strategy Change construction, operation and “end of life” phases of development. Proposals for major development should aim to achieve a BREEAM rating of “excellent” or “outstanding”. London, UK Policy CS15: Sustainable Performance Criteria In Force Residential development should aim to achieve a minimum standard City of London Corporation - Local Development and Climate of Code for Sustainable Homes level 4, rising to level 6 by 2016 or in Development Framework Core Strategy Change line with government targets 2011 London, UK Policy CS15: Sustainable Requirement In Force Requiring development to positively address water quality and flood City of London Corporation - Local Development and Climate risk particularly in areas at risk of sewer flooding; Development Framework Core Strategy Change 2011 London, UK Policy CS18: Flood Risk Requirement In Force Reducing the risks of flooding from surface water throughout the City of London Corporation - Local City, ensuring that development proposals minimise water use and Development Framework Core Strategy reduce demands on the combined surface water and sewerage 2011 network by applying the London Plan drainage hierarchy. London, UK Policy CS18: Flood Risk Requirement In Force Reducing rainwater run-off, through the use of suitable Sustainable City of London Corporation - Local Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS), such as green roofs and rainwater Development Framework Core Strategy attenuation measures, particularly in critical drainage areas. 2011 London, UK Policy CS17 Open Spaces and Requirement In Force Seeking to maintain a ratio of at least 0.06 hectares of high quality, City of London Corporation - Local Recreation publicly accessible open space per 1,000 weekday daytime Development Framework Core Strategy population: 2011 - creating additional civic spaces from underused highways and other land where this would not conflict with other strategic objectives; - encouraging high quality green roofs, particularly those which are publicly accessible. New York, USA Chapter 31 House/Site Requirement In Force The Stormwater Release Rate must be no more than the greater Rules of the City of New York (1991) Connections to the Sewer System of 0.25 cfs (425L/min). Applies to developments with increased - Standards for Release Rates impervious surfaces or building footprints on lots by more than 20% of existing impervi¬ous surfaces. New York, USA Guidelines for the Design and Guidance In Force Manage the first inch of runoff from 10% of the impervious surfaces NYC Green Infrastructure Plan (2010) Construction of Stormwater in combined sewer watersheds through source controls. Portland, Oregon, USA ENB 4.16 - Clean River Incentive Incentive In force Stormwater discounts are limited to the on-site component of the City of Portland and Discount Program basic stormwater management charge. The on-site component is set Sewer, Stormwater & Erosion Control at 35% of the basic stormwater management charge for the first ten Policy (2006) fiscal years of the stormwater discount program. The City shall make stormwater discounts available through June 30, 2017.

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Planning authority Policy name Control type Status Requirement Source document jurisdiction Portland, Oregon, USA ENB 4.19 - Green Streets Policy Requirement In force Incorporate green street facilities into all City of Portland funded City of Portland development, redevelopment or enhancement projects. Any City Sewer, Stormwater & Erosion Control of Portland funded development, redevelopment or enhancement Policy (2006) project, that does not incorporate green street facilities but requires a street opening permit or occurs in the right of way, shall pay into a “% for Green Street: fund. The amount shall be 1% of the construction costs for the project. Exceptions: - Emergency maintenance and repair projects - Repair and replacement of sidewalks and driveways - Pedestrian and trail replacement - Tree planting - Utility pole installation - Street Light poles - Traffic Signal poles - Traffic Control Signs - Fire Hydrants - Where this use of funds would violate contracted or legal restrictions. Portland, Oregon, USA ENB 4.21 - Downspout Requirement In force Downspout Disconnection Program provide incentives for property City of Portland Disconnection Program owners in targeted neighbourhoods in combined sewer basins to Sewer, Stormwater & Erosion Control disconnect their downspouts from the combined sewer system and Policy (2006) to allow their roof water to drain to gardens and lawns. The Downspout Disconnection Program has different approaches for each distinctive geographic target area: - Voluntary disconnection - Mandatory disconnection - “Aggressive” voluntary disconnection The City of Portland does not intend to create any more mandatory areas because of the success of voluntary approaches in meeting current deadlines, but reserves the right to establish mandatory areas if required by regulatory needs. Portland, Oregon, USA ENB 9.1 - Green Building Policy Performance Criteria In Force Require that all City of Portland funded projects must meet the LEED City of Portland, Green Building Policy Silver certification; (2005) Portland, Oregon, USA ENB 9.1 - Green Building Policy Performance Criteria In Force All new, City of Portland owned facilities construction projects meet City of Portland, Green Building Policy LEED Gold certification, requiring at least: (2005) - 75% of all construction and demolition waste is recycled; and - 30% beyond City of Portland’s Stormwater Management Manual baseline code requirements; and - 30% water savings beyond the Energy Policy Act of 1992 baseline code requirements; and - 30% energy savings beyond baseline requirements Portland, Oregon, USA ENB 9.1 - Green Building Policy Performance Criteria In Force Require design and construction of all new City-owned facilities to City of Portland, Green Building Policy include an ecoroof with at least 70% coverage AND high reflectance, (2005) Energy Star-rated roof material on any remaining non-ecoroof roof surface area; OR, Energy Star-rated roof material when an integrated ecoroof/Energy Star-rated roof is impractical.

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER Planning authority Policy name Control type Status Requirement Source document jurisdiction Portland, Oregon, USA ENB 9.1 - Green Building Policy Performance Criteria In Force Require that all tenant improvements to City-owned facilities are City of Portland, Green Building Policy LEED for Commercial Interiors Silver AND/OR G/Rated Tenant (2005) Improvement Guide certified; and Portland, Oregon, USA Chapter 1: Requirements and Performance Criteria In Force 70% removal of total suspended solids is required from 90 percent Portland Stormwater Management Policies of the average annual runoff. In watersheds that have established Manual, 2008 total maximum daily loads or that are on City of Portland’s list of impaired waters, stormwater management facilities must be capable of reducing the pollutant(s) of concern. Seattle, Washington, USA Chapter 23 - Green Factor Requirement In Force Development standards for certain areas require landscaping that Seattle Municipal Code (2010) meets a minimum Green Factor score. All required landscaping shall meet standards to provide for the long-term health, viability, and coverage of plantings. These standards may include, but are not limited to, the type and size of plants, spacing of plants, depth and quality of soil, use of drought-tolerant plants, and access to light and air for plants. Seattle, Washington, USA Chapter 22 – Stormwater Requirement In Force Must implement green stormwater infrastructure to infiltrate, Seattle Municipal Code (2010) Minimum Requirements disperse, and retain drainage water onsite to the maximum extent feasible without causing flooding, landslide, or erosion impacts Seattle, Washington, USA Ordinance Number: 122054 Incentive In Force Height or density bonus to commercial or residential projects that Council Bill Number: 115524 achieve at least LEED Silver certification and contribute to affordable housing. Toronto, Canada Chapter 492 - Green Roof Requirement In Force The green roof coverage requirement is graduated, depending on Toronto Municipal Code (2009) Construction Standard the size of the building. The total roof area of the building or building addition excluding: - Areas designated for renewable energy devices; - Private terraces no greater in area than the floor of the abutting residential unit at the roof level; and - In the case of a residential building or a building addition to a residential building, outdoor amenity space up to a maximum of two square metres per dwelling unit contained in the residential building or building addition to the residential building Toronto, Canada Chapter 492 - Green Roof Requirement In Force Cash in lieu of construction of a green roof. Toronto Municipal Code (2009) Construction Standard - Where less than the required green roof coverage than otherwise would be required, the applicant shall make a payment of cash in lieu of construction of a green roof for the reduced area based on the average actual cost of construction of a green roof which at the time of passing of this chapter shall be deemed to be $200.00/m2. - All of the funds collected as cash in lieu of construction of a green roof shall be segregated and directed to the Eco-Roof Incentive Program of the City for the provision of green roofs on existing buildings. Toronto, Canada Eco-Roof Incentive Program Incentive In Force Green roofs are eligible for a grant of $50 per square metre up to Climate Change, Clean Air and $100,000 per project Sustainable Energy Action Plan: Moving from Framework to Action) 64 65

Appendix C – North Sydney DDCP2012 Assessment

The analysis of the planning documents from other jurisdictions has shown that ‘best practice’ approaches to the regulation of water use and stormwater generally do the following: A. Encourage a high level of management of water use involving the appropriate use of all available water sources on the basis that the water is fit for purpose; B Utilise a broad range of mechanisms and apply them in such a way that is commensurate with the scale and likely impact of the development; C. Set ambitious, although not unreasonable, performance criteria where appropriate; D. Incorporate provisions that are clear and easy to understand; E. Link to a clear strategic vision or policy; F. Incorporate provisions that are accepted by the development industry; and G. Fit within development assessment framework.

Assessment of draft DCP 2012 provisions against the above best practice criteria is in the blue columns. Relevant objectives are included to aid clarity.

Water use and stormwater management Draft DCP section Res. Best practice criteria Rec. Comment Objective/Provision 01 02 03 14 15 17 18 justification* A B C D E F G No. General Objectives (S.1.1.1, S.2.1.1, S.3.1.1) Y Objective Ob. Development incorporates innovative sustainable design to reduce energy and water X X X Objective consumption, and meets or exceeds sustainability requirements. Ob. Developments minimise stormwater runoff, and encourage recycling where possible. X Objective This objective should refer to stormwater quality and should also 58, 59 apply to Section 1 and Section 3. Properties with a foreshore frontage (S.1.3.4, S.3.2.4) Ob. to promote a scale and form of development that enhances the scenic, X X Objective environmental and cultural qualities of the foreshore. Pr. minimise disturbance of existing vegetation, surface and underground drainage to X X n/a n/a n/a ? Y Y Y Y General guidance however level of excavation permitted could be minimise run-off into the water. quantified. Site Coverage (S.1.5.5, S.3.4.4) Ob. to limit the building footprint so as to ensure adequate provision is made for X X Objective landscaped area. Pr. maximum site coverage must be in accordance with Table B-1.5. X X n/a n/a Y Y Y Y Y Y The following items are considered to constitute site coverage: (a) buildings as defined by the EP&A Act; (b) garages and carports; (c) sheds; (d) enclosed / covered decks, pergolas and the like; (e) swimming pools, spa pools and the like. Landscape Area (S.1.5.6, S.3.4.5) Ob. the specific objectives of the landscaped area controls are to: X X Objective (d) maximise retention and absorption of surface drainage water on site; (e) minimise obstruction to the underground flow of water; (f) promote substantial landscaping, including trees which will grow to a minimum height of 15m; Pr. Provide minimum landscaped area and maximum un-built upon areas must be in X X n/a n/a Y Y ? Y Y Y Remove the word ‘must’ to improve clarity. accordance with Table B-1.6. Landscaped area is considered to comprise all parts of a site used for growing plants, grasses and trees, but does not include any building, structure or hard paved area; Pr. use pervious materials or stepping stones where pathways are incorporated within X X n/a n/a n/a ? Y Y Y Y side setbacks. Excavation (S.1.5.7, S.3.4.6)

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER Water use and stormwater management Draft DCP section Res. Best practice criteria Rec. Comment Objective/Provision 01 02 03 14 15 17 18 justification* A B C D E F G No. Ob. to minimise excavation and site disturbance so as to retain natural landforms, natural X X Objective rock faces, sandstone retaining walls and the like and to retain natural water runoff patterns and underground water table and flow patterns. Pr. Development that includes excavation must not be carried out unless: X X n/a n/a Y n/a Y Y Y Y (c) the natural drainage patterns of the land and catchment will not be disrupted; and Landscaping (S.1.5.8, S3.4.7) Ob. landscaping and planting satisfies minimum performance standards and is X X Objective sustainable and appropriate to the site. Pr. Developments should incorporate locally occurring native species to extend habitats X X Alts and adds Y n/a n/a Y Y Y Y for fauna and reduce water and fertilizer requirements. Front gardens (S.1.5.9, S3.4.8) Ob. to maximise water infiltration on a site. X X Objective Pr. the entire front setback must not be paved or concreted. X X n/a n/a n/a n/a Y Y Y Y Swimming pools and spas (S.1.5.11) Ob. to minimise the use of potable water supplies X Objective Pr. A water tank must be installed and be of sufficient capacity to ensure that the pool X Alts and adds; Y Y Y Y Y Y Y can be topped up to the manufacturer’s recommended level without the need to guidance rely on potable water supplies. This requirement is over and above any additional requirements associated with P3, P4 and P5 to subsection 1.6.9 of this DCP relating to water conservation and water tanks. The tank must be fed by down pipes from a minimum of 50m2 of roof area of the dwelling on the site. The size of the water tank must be provided in accordance with that specified in Table B-1.7. Pr. A pool cover must be installed where a proposed development includes a swimming X n/a n/a n/a Y Y Y Y pool or spa. Tennis courts (S.1.5.12) Ob. to minimise adverse affects on residents of adjoining properties. X Objective ? Y Y Y N N Pr. All stormwater run-off must drain to Council’s stormwater system. X n/a n/a N N Y Y Y Y Run-off, including from tennis courts, should, where practical, be 28 detained on-site before being discharged to Council’s stormwater system. Water conservation (S.1.6.8) Ob. to minimise the use of potable water. X Objective Relocate applicable objective to ensure this provision is applied to 29 both res and non-res. Pr. A BASIX Certificate is required to be submitted with all residential development types X Guidance Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Note should be added to this provision stating that all subsequent 30 nominated under SEPP (Building Sustainability Index: BASIX) 2004. water conservation provisions only apply to developments not subject to BASIX.

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Water use and stormwater management Draft DCP section Res. Best practice criteria Rec. Comment Objective/Provision 01 02 03 14 15 17 18 justification* A B C D E F G No. Pr. Where the proposed development involves the installation of new water fittings and X Alts & adds The particular star rating of individual fittings and appliances 30 white goods, they must have a WELS rating of 3.5 stars or higher. is information that is not generally available at development application stage. A review of assessment reports suggests that this provision is not being implemented. This is arguably correct given that in most instances BASIX is relied upon. However, the provision is still valuable in that it provides guidance to property owners in reducing their water consumption, particularly those doing alts and adds. Performance standard needs to be more ambitious and future 3 proofed. Thresholds need to be clarified so that it is clear what provisions 2 apply to what development category and what development size. Pr. Rainwater tanks are to be installed in accordance with the exempt development X Guidance n/a ? N N Y Y Y No performance standard is provided. Thresholds and capacity requirements under SEPP (Exempt and Complying Development Codes) 2008. requirements should be prepared as part of the Integrated Stormwater Strategy. Pr. install a stormwater tank where this will not affect amenity, views and other X Guidance; Alts n/a ? N N Y Y Y Guidance only. requirements of this section of the DCP. & adds Stormwater retention (S.1.6.9) Amend to stormwater ‘management’. Section deals with more than 6 just retention. Ob. to minimise off-site localised flooding or stormwater inundation. X Objective Additional objectives required to emphasise quality and quantity 17, 19, issues regarding stormwater. This objective should also apply to 18, commercial and mixed use development. 20 Pr. use site contouring and landscaped areas to increase on-site infiltration of X n/a n/a N N Y Y Y Y Guidance regarding contouring is appropriate however storage 37, 23 stormwater. and discharge thresholds and quantitative performance standards should be introduced to further encourage WSUD on-site. This will require catchment based stormwater modelling to be undertaken which can then inform land use and location specific on-site storage and discharge requirements. Existing provision should also apply to commercial and mixed-use development. Pr. Grade land around structures to divert surface water to the street and clear of X n/a n/a N N Y Y Y Y Provision should be amended so that diversion of water to street is 31 existing and proposed structures and adjoining premises. deleted. On-site detention is preferred before discharge to street. Pr. Provide and implement a soil and water management Site Work Plan which ensures X n/a n/a N N Y Y Y Y This provision should be replaced with a requirement to submit an 21 minimum soil erosion and maintenance of downstream water quality. The Site Work Erosion and Sediment Control Plan to ensure consistency with other Plan outlines practices to control runoff, mitigate soil erosion and trap pollutants sections. before these can reach down slope lands and receiving waters. Energy efficiency (S.2.6.1, S.3.5.1) Ob. to ensure that developments minimise their use of non-renewable energy resources X X Objective Remove reference to water consumption as is addressed in Water 32 and water consumption Conservation sections (S2.6.5; S3.5.5)

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER water Water use and stormwater management Draft DCP section Res. Best practice criteria Rec. Comment Objective/Provision 01 02 03 14 15 17 18 justification* A B C D E F G No. Pr. Developments involving the provision of more than 5,000m2 of office floor space X n/a Y Y Y ? Y Y ? Green Star rating tools deal with many sustainability issues including 2 must demonstrate that the development can achieve a minimum 5 star rating under water. This provision should be relocated from the Energy Efficiency the Green Building Council of Australia’s Green Star – Office rating tool. The rating Section to reflect Green Star’s broader applicability. tool can be obtained from the Green Building Council of Australia’s website - Green Star ratings are rarely obtained prior to DA approval as www.gbca.org.au developers are usually not prepared to spend the time and money submitting an application for a Green Star rating unless consent has been issued. While the commitment agreement associated with NABERS aims to align the use of that rating tool with the development assessment process, no such mechanism is available under Green Star. Having said that, mandating ambitious ratings under third party rating tools appears to be consistent with national and global trends. Rating tool thresholds need to be restructured according to use and size. Use of rating tools should have a dedicated section at the beginning of s.2.6 and s.3.5 – Efficient Use of Resources. All subsequent sections under 2.6 and 3.5 should include a statement that they only apply to developments that are not subject to Green Star rating tool provisions. Water Conservation (S.2.6.5, S.3.5.5) Ob. to minimise water use within buildings. X X Objective Change wording to reference only potable water and remove 29 “within building” reference. Ob. to encourage the reuse of potable water and stormwater runoff.. X X Objective Reword to encourage the reuse of rainwater and stormwater. 33 Ob. to minimise stormwater runoff. X X Objective Delete provision. Covered in stormwater management 10 Pr. Where the proposed development involves the installation of new water fittings and X X Guidance; Alts Y ? N ? Y N N The particular star rating of individual fittings and appliances 3 white goods, they must have a WELS rating of 3.5 stars or higher. & adds is information that is not generally available at development application stage. A review of assessment reports suggests that this provision is not being implemented. However, the provision is still valuable in that it provides guidance to property owners in reducing their water consumption, particularly those doing alts and adds. Thresholds need to be clarified so that it is clear what provisions apply to what development category and what development size. Reword to include “highest WELS rated appliance at time of development” Pr. Reuse grey water for subsurface irrigation and toilet flushing. X X Guidance; Alts Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Additional non-potable uses could be mentioned. 27 & adds Pr. harvest and use rainwater for garden irrigation and toilet flushing. X X Guidance; Alts Y N N Y Y Y Y This guidance should be a stormwater initiative. 8, 7, 9 & adds Pr. Collect and reuse stormwater runoff for subsurface irrigation. X X Guidance; Alts Y Y Y Y Y Y Y & adds Pr. Ensure paved areas are at least 50% pervious.. X X n/a n/a ? Y N ? Y Y This provision does not relate to water conservation and should be 35 relocated to the stormwater management section and should also apply to residential development. Pr. use endemic plants and xeriscape principles in landscaping. X X Guidance; Alts Y N N ? ? Y Y Amend provision to provide further guidance to reader regarding 36 & adds endemic species. 68 69

Water use and stormwater management Draft DCP section Res. Best practice criteria Rec. Comment Objective/Provision 01 02 03 14 15 17 18 justification* A B C D E F G No. Pr. install water efficient irrigation systems and controls. X X Guidance; Alts Y N N Y Y Y Y This is appropriate given WELS does not cover irrigation systems. & adds Pr. use grass swales and detention basins to minimise and filter runoff. X X n/a n/a N N N ? Y Y Thresholds and performance criteria regarding WSUD to be 37, 23 provided via other provisions. This provision does not relate to water conservation and should be relocated to the stormwater management section and should also apply to residential development. Pr. use of waterless urinals. X X n/a (comm. Y N N ? Y Y Y Provision should be reworded to improve legibility. only) Pr. install sensor operated taps, or automatic shutoff taps, especially in public areas. X X n/a (comm. Y Y N Y Y Y Y Information regarding individual fittings and appliances is not only) generally available at development application stage. However, the provision is still valuable in that it provides guidance to property owners in reducing their water consumption. Pr. A BASIX Certificate is required to be submitted with all buildings incorporating X Guidance Y Y Y Y Y Y Y residential development types nominated under SEPP (Building Sustainability Index: BASIX) 2004 Stormwater and water management (S.2.6.7, S.3.5.7) Amend to ‘stormwater management’, to avoid confusion with water 6 conservation section. Ob. to protect watersheds, maintain water quality and maximise on-site retention. X X Objective Additional objectives required to emphasise quality and quantity 17, 15, issues regarding stormwater. New objective required regarding 18, localised flooding. 19, 20 Pr. An Erosion and Sediment Control Plan for the construction and operation of X X n/a n/a N N Y ? Y Y Directs reader to Section 17. Thresholds and performance criteria the building are required in accordance with Part B: Section 17 - Erosion and not necessary. Sedimentation Control. Pr. Demonstrate how run-off from the site will be minimised and the quality of water X X n/a n/a N N Y ? Y Y This provision should also apply to residential development. 16, 25 leaving the site is improved. Thresholds and performance criteria for discharge and water quality should be included. However, quantitative performance criteria will require catchment based modelling. Pr. minimise stormwater runoff through use of water retention facilities or using porous X X n/a n/a N N Y ? Y Y This provision should be amended to strengthen WSUD guidance 16, surfaces for paving in outdoor areas. and separate from porus paving requirements. Thresholds and 25, performance criteria regarding WSUD to be prepared as part of 37 integrated stormwater strategy. Pr. Collect and reuse rainwater in irrigation, car washing and toilet flushing where X X Guidance; Alts Y N N Y Y Y Y Delete. This is covered by S.2.6.5 & S.3.5.5 – Water conservation 38 practicable. & adds Pr. Water saving measures should be incorporated within the building’s operation (such X X Guidance; Alts Y N N Y Y Y Y Delete. This is covered by S.2.6.5 & S.3.5.5 – Water conservation 39 as low flow tap and shower heads). & adds Pr. Water efficient fixtures and fittings must be used for the conservation of water. X X Guidance; Alts Y N N Y Y Y Y Delete. This is covered by S.2.6.5 & S.3.5.5 – Water conservation 40 & adds Pr. landscaping should be used to assist in microclimate management using endemic X X Guidance; Alts Y N N ? Y Y Y Delete. This provision does not relate to stormwater management. 41 plants and xeriscape principles. & adds The water conservation benefits of native flora is dealt with in S.2.6.5 & S.3.5.5 – Water conservation

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER Water use and stormwater management Draft DCP section Res. Best practice criteria Rec. Comment Objective/Provision 01 02 03 14 15 17 18 justification* A B C D E F G No. Pr. Water consumption should be monitored and reported to help understand water X X n/a Y N N ? Y Y Y Provisions dealing primarily with water conservation should be 11, 12, usage and prevent its wastage. located at S.2.6.5 & S.3.5.5 – Water conservation. This provision 42 should be deleted as new provisions requiring sub-metering deal with monitoring of water use. Pr. A reporting system should be developed to inform/educate occupants about the X X n/a Y N N Y Y Y ? This provision is difficult to enforce via the DA system. However, it 43 buildings water consumption. is useful guidance to applicants looking to reduce water use. The provision deals primarily with water conservation and should be relocated to S.2.6.5 & S.3.5.5 – Water conservation. Pr. incorporate car wash bays in mixed use developments where there are more than 4 X X Guidance; Alts N N N N Y Y ? This provision should be deleted from S.3.5.7 as it relates to mixed 45 dwellings within the development. & adds use development. This provision does not relate to stormwater management and should be relocated to S.2.5.10 – Site facilities. 44 Pr. install a pool cover where proposed development includes an external swimming X X Guidance; Alts Y Y Y Y Y Y Y This provision should be relocated to the water conservation sub- 14 pool. & adds section. Native vegetation and water (S2.7.5) Ob. to increase the provision of native vegetation and water in the public domain. X Objective Pr. Water features should be considered for inclusion within public spaces, building X n/a N N N Y Y Y Y Provision should be amended to ensure water features utilise non- 46 entrances, foyers, facades and rooftops. potable water. Pr. Roof top gardens should be considered for incorporation where practicable and X n/a n/a Y N Y ? Y Y Green roofs should be further encouraged. 60, where they do not result in unreasonable amenity impacts to adjoining and 61, neighbouring properties. 62 Pr. Native species and planting methods which minimise potable water consumption X Guidance; Alts Y N N ? Y Y Y This provision duplicates a similar provision in S.2.6.5 – Water 47 should be used wherever practical & adds conservation and should be deleted. Contamination and Hazardous Building Materials - Water quality (S.14.2.4) Pr. Runoff must be drained to an adequately bunded central collection sump and X n/a N N Y Y Y Y Guidance for contaminated sites. treated, if necessary, to meet NSW Environment Protection Authority discharge criteria. General Objectives (S.15.1.1) Ob. avoid and mitigate adverse affects on bushland associated with urban development; X Objective Ob. ensure that private landscaped areas compliment adjoining bushland by providing X Objective food and habitats for fauna, reducing water and fertilizer requirements Siting and design (S.15.2.1) Ob. to minimise any impacts of development on nearby bushland. X Objective Pr. Buildings and other structures, such as swimming pools and decks, should not be X n/a n/a Y N Y Y Y Y General performance criteria regarding WSUD to be provided via 16, 17, located directly adjacent to bushland. However, minor works relating to landscaping other provisions. Quantitative performance criteria to be prepared 18, and stormwater containment may be appropriate adjacent to bushland. as part of Integrated Stormwater Strategy. 19, 20 Bushland and Bushfire Hazard Management (S.15.2.2) Ob. to maintain the landscape and environmental qualities of a locality. X Objective Stormwater run-off and soil erosion (S15.3.4 ) Ob. to minimise the negative impacts of stormwater runoff and soil erosion on bushland X Objective vegetation, soil biota and catchment health. 70 71

Water use and stormwater management Draft DCP section Res. Best practice criteria Rec. Comment Objective/Provision 01 02 03 14 15 17 18 justification* A B C D E F G No. Pr. Development should not result in any increase in volume, concentration or rate of X n/a n/a Y N Y Y Y Y Guidance is appropriate. Threshold is provided by only applying to stormwater run-off to those which existed prior to development. land in proximity to bushland. Performance criteria to be provided via provisions in Section 1 – Residential Development. Pr. Development should seek to improve the condition and function of stormwater X n/a n/a Y N Y Y Y Y Guidance is appropriate and compliments provisions at S.1.6.9 – management infrastructure from the pre-existing level. Stormwater retention. Pr. Existing site contours, topography and soil levels should be maintained. X n/a n/a Y N Y Y Y Y Guidance is appropriate and compliments provisions at S.1.6.9 – Stormwater retention. Pr. Stormwater collected from roofs, driveways and other impervious paved areas X n/a n/a Y N Y Y Y Y Guidance is appropriate and compliments provisions at S.1.6.9 – should be retained on site and discharged into the Council’s stormwater system. Stormwater retention. Pr. Excavation for stormwater retention tanks should be minimised. X n/a n/a Y N Y Y Y Y Guidance is appropriate and compliments provisions at S.1.6.9 – Stormwater retention. Wetlands (S15.6) Ob. to preserve the aesthetic, social and economic values of wetland areas. X Objective Ob. to ensure water entering into natural wetlands is of sufficient quality to ensure that X Objective wetland conservation values and functions are not compromised. Ob. to maintain or restore the physical, chemical and biological processes existing in X Objective wetlands by minimising changes to wetland hydrology from land uses in wetland catchments. Pr. Development must not result in alteration of local surface runoff and groundwater X n/a n/a Y N Y Y Y Y Guidance is appropriate and compliments provisions at S.1.6.9 – flows to the wetland and ensure appropriate water flow regimes are maintained to Stormwater retention. the wetland. Pr. Development must not result in major changes to water flow processes including X n/a n/a Y N Y Y Y Y Guidance is appropriate and compliments provisions at S.1.6.9 – changes to current and wave patterns and tidal regimes. Stormwater retention. Pr. All stormwater must drain to a Council drainage system. X n/a n/a Y N Y Y Y Y All stormwater run-off should be detained on-site before draining 48 to Council’s stormwater system. Pr. Despite P6, if stormwater cannot be contained on site ensure a dispersed pattern of X n/a n/a Y N Y Y Y Y Guidance is appropriate and compliments provisions at S.1.6.9 – stormwater flow into the wetland as opposed to a concentrated flow. Stormwater retention as well as amended provision. Pr. Ensure the quality of water entering into the wetland is not diminished X n/a n/a Y N Y Y Y Y Quality of stormwater discharged from development sites should 49 be maintained or improved through the use of WSUD. Pr. Where nutrient control devices and other pre-treatment measures are proposed, X n/a n/a Y N Y Y Y Y Guidance is appropriate. ensure that they are located away from wetland areas. Pr. Avoid sewage overflows in catchments upstream of wetlands. X n/a n/a Y N Y Y Y Y Guidance is appropriate. Pr. Submit a Wetland Effects Statement if the proposed development may impact on X n/a n/a Y N Y Y Y Y Left to assessing officer to determine need for Wetlands Effects the ecology and habitat, hydrology and/or water quality of the wetland. Statement. Pr. Only plant species which occur locally should be used for landscaping and X n/a n/a Y N Y Y Y Y Guidance is appropriate and compliments provisions at S.15.3 – revegetation near wetlands Landscaping and stormwater management. General Objectives (S.17.1.1) Ob. to provide a consistent approach to erosion and sediment control, with a view to X Objective achieving best practice. Ob. Establish principles for the control and management of erosion and sediment risks. X Objective Ob. to ensure that the Sydney and Middle Harbours water catchments are clean, X Objective productive and healthy. Ob. to minimise soil erosion and siltation resulting from building and excavation works. X Objective

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER Water use and stormwater management Draft DCP section Res. Best practice criteria Rec. Comment Objective/Provision 01 02 03 14 15 17 18 justification* A B C D E F G No. Ob. to ensure applicants submit sufficient information on proposed erosion and X Objective sediment control measures with development applications such that Council can make an informed decision. Ob. to ensure that consent conditions and Erosion and Sediment Control Plans are fully X Objective implemented through monitoring and maintenance protocols. Erosion and Sediment Control – Requirements (S17.2) Ob. identify all areas likely to cause pollution of waterways from the transport of X Objective stormwater run-off containing sediment and silt and implement appropriate devices to stop the risk of pollution. Pr. Divert clean water around the construction site to prevent contamination. X n/a n/a Y N Y Y Y Y Pr. Retain as much natural vegetation as possible and limit site disturbance to minimise X n/a n/a Y N Y Y Y Y the risk of pollution. Pr. Control stormwater that enters the construction site from upstream. X n/a n/a Y N Y Y Y Y Pr. Divert stormwater from undisturbed upper slopes onto stable areas. X n/a n/a Y N Y Y Y Y Pr. Retain and stockpile all excavated topsoil on site for future landscaping where X n/a n/a Y N Y Y Y Y feasible. Pr. Prevent sediment/silt from entering adjoining public or private property (especially X n/a n/a Y N Y Y Y Y drains) by installing sediment control devices at the low side of sites and wash down areas. Pr. Provide a single, stabilised entry/exit point to the site. Sediment or building X n/a n/a Y N Y Y Y Y materials should be prevented from reaching the road or Council’s stormwater system. Sediment shall be removed by sweeping, shovelling or sponging. Under no circumstances shall sediment be hosed. Pr. Where a work zone permit over public property is applicable, ensure that appropriate X n/a n/a Y N Y Y Y Y debris control devices are implemented to prevent spillage of building materials into stormwater drains. Pr. Compact all drainage lines when backfilling. X n/a n/a Y N Y Y Y Y Pr. Connect downpipes to stormwater system as early as possible. X n/a N Y N Y Y Y Y This provision is at odds with the principle of detaining water 50 on-site, including for potential re-use, before discharge to the stormwater system and should be deleted. Pr. Revegetate all disturbed areas, after on-site works are completed, in order to stabilise X n/a n/a Y Y Y Y Y Y surface. Pr. maintain all sediment control devices during construction and earthworks to X n/a n/a Y ? Y Y Y Y Performance criteria to be determined at DA stage through standards acceptable to Council. conditions of consent. Erosion and Sediment Control - Maintenance and Monitoring (S17.3) Ob. to ensure that erosion and sediment impacts are minimised during the entire X Objective construction period of the development. Pr. the consent holder, property owner, contractor, builder and all persons on site X n/a n/a Y Y Y Y Y Y during construction are responsible for controlling soil erosion and preventing the discharge of sediments from the building site entering into Councils stormwater system. Pr. Where non-compliance with the DCP occurs, Council may charge a reinspection fee, X n/a For the information of readers only. claim the environmental bond, and issue a Clean Up Notice, Prevention Notice or Penalty Infringement Notice if a pollution incident has occurred or has the potential to occur. 72 73

Water use and stormwater management Draft DCP section Res. Best practice criteria Rec. Comment Objective/Provision 01 02 03 14 15 17 18 justification* A B C D E F G No. Pr. in more serious cases, legal action may be considered under legislation dealing with X n/a For the information of readers only. environmental protection. Pr. Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997 constitutes an act of pollution as X n/a For the information of readers only. being a criminal offence. Erosion and Sediment Control - Procedures (S17.4) Ob. to outline the requirements and procedures for addressing soil erosion and sediment X Objective control. Pr. A Statement of Intent must be supplied with all development applications. The X n/a n/a Y ? Y Y Y Y Statement must outline the sedimentation and erosion control measures to be utilised and a simple erosion control site diagram demonstrating how the proposal will achieve the general objectives of the DCP. Pr. An Erosion/Sediment Control Plan may also be required to be submitted with the X n/a n/a Y ? Y Y Y Y Assessment staff generally require a Sediment and Erosion Control 51 Development Application for a large development that is likely to pose a significant Plan for all DA’s involving excavation (either at DA stage or prior to a environmental risk. The plan should include diagrams showing the erosion and CC being issued). This provision should be amended to support this sediment control measures, their location and type. A detailed Erosion/Sediment practice. Control Plan may also be required to obtain a construction certificate. Pr. An Erosion and Sediment Control Plan is not required for minor disturbance of level X n/a n/a Y ? Y Y Y Y Assessment staff generally require a Sediment and Erosion Control 52 sites, for example minor alterations and additions to dwellings. Plan for all DA’s involving significant excavation (either at DA stage or prior to a CC being issued). This provision should be deleted to support this practice. General Objectives (S.18.1.1) Ob. to establish a long term drainage strategy for affected land, that will control X Objective New objective should be included to emphasise WSUD as a priority 53 stormwater run off from development and minimise nuisance flow onto adjacent before water is discharged into stormwater drainage system. land. Ob. to improve Council stormwater drainage systems by achieving a high level of X Objective compliance with Council’s design and construction standards. Ob. to minimise the impact of new development on the existing stormwater system. X Objective Ob. to minimise the risk of injury to people and damage to private and public property X Objective from the effects of stormwater disposal. Stormwater Drainage - Requirements (S18.2) Change title to ‘Stormwater Management’ 4 Ob. to ensure that stormwater drainage systems are satisfactorily designed to minimise X Objective New objective should be included to emphasise WSUD and 54 impacts to neighbouring properties. quantity and quality of stormwater. Pr. New and reconstructed stormwater drainage systems should be designed and X n/a New provision should be included referring reader to WSUD and 55 constructed to a minimum standard that complies with the technical requirements discharge requirements set out in Sections 1, 2 and 3. This cross of the North Sydney Council Performance Guide and Infrastructure Specification reference will ensure stormwater provisions in Sections 1, 2 and 3 as Manual. well as in Section 18 will be taken into consideration. Pr. Stormwater drainage disposal from private property should not cause nuisance X n/a n/a N N Y ? Y Y Guidance is appropriate. Thresholds and performance criteria not drainage problems to any other property. Nuisance drainage is any damage to other necessary or provided by other provisions. property from stormwater caused by the development of property. Pr. Where stormwater drainage from private property cannot drain directly to a X n/a n/a N N Y ? Y Y Guidance is appropriate. Thresholds and performance criteria not road without first draining through adjoining private property, an inter-allotment necessary or provided by other provisions. stormwater drainage easement is required. This easement should be sought by negotiation, mediation or by using mechanisms of s.88 of the Conveyancing Act, 1919.

ESD Best Practice Project – WATER ESD Best Practice Project – WATER WATER Water use and stormwater management Draft DCP section Res. Best practice criteria Rec. Comment Objective/Provision 01 02 03 14 15 17 18 justification* A B C D E F G No. Pr. Zone of influence of stormwater pipes should not affect the structural stability of any X n/a n/a N N Y ? Y Y Guidance is appropriate. structure, building or utility service. Pr. Stormwater should not be diverted into an adjoining catchment unless it can X n/a n/a N N Y ? Y Y Guidance is appropriate. be demonstrated that the diversion will not cause detriment to any property or structures. Pr. Where an inter-allotment drainage easement cannot be obtained, Council may X n/a n/a N N Y ? Y Y For the information of readers only. consider alternative proposals based on their merit. Pr. minimum permissible pipe size leading from down pipes to primary inter-allotment X n/a n/a N Y Y ? Y Y Guidance is appropriate. Thresholds not necessary. drainage pipes is 100mm internal diameter sewer grade pipe or greater as required to meet drainage design criteria. Minimum permissible pipe size for primary inter- allotment drainage systems is 150mm diameter sewer grade pipe. Pr. Stormwater drains may not be constructed on public property without holding a X n/a For the information of readers only. Street Opening Permit, a Construction Certificate and design approved by Council. Pr. Stormwater drainage systems through adjoining private property should be X n/a n/a Y N Y ? Y Y Guidance is appropriate. designed and constructed to allow for an emergency overflow path to be located within the inter-allotment drainage easement. Stormwater Drainage - Maintenance and Monitoring (S18.3) Ob. to ensure that erosion and sediment impacts are minimised during the entire X Objective Objective should be amended to reflect monitoring and 56 construction period of the development. maintenance and that subsequent provisions apply to the life of the development not just construction. Pr. the owners of the properties affected by stormwater drainage easements are X n/a n/a N Y Y ? Y Y Guidance regarding maintenance of drainage system is appropriate. required to: (a) Permit stormwater to be drained via the stormwater drainage system; (b) Keep the stormwater system clean and free from silt, rubbish and debris; (c) maintain and repair the stormwater system so that it functions in a safe and efficient manner; (d) Replace, repair, alter and renew the whole or parts of the stormwater system within the time and in the manner specified in a written notice issued by the Council; (e) Not make any alterations to the stormwater system or elements thereof without prior consent in writing from the Council; Pr. Where non-compliance occurs legal action may be considered under legislation X n/a For the information of readers only. dealing with environmental protection. Stormwater Drainage - Procedures (S18.4) Ob. to provide a framework which outlines the procedures to be followed when X Objective proposing and undertaking stormwater drainage works. Pr. When lodging a development application the applicant should provide: X n/a The requirement to lodge a stormwater drainage plan should be 22 (a) Conceptual stormwater design plans; and included in stormwater management subsections in (b) Conceptual stormwater drainage easement details. sections 1, 2 & 3. Pr. With an application for a Construction Certificate the applicant should provide: X n/a For the information of readers only. Reference to DCP ensures (a) Evidence of an inter-allotment stormwater drainage easement having been WSUD will be considered in stormwater drainage design. created (if applicable); (b) Detailed stormwater drainage design complying with the conditions of the Development Consent, this DCP, the Performance Guide and references for design and construction of infrastructure in North Sydney; 74 75

Water use and stormwater management Draft DCP section Res. Best practice criteria Rec. Comment Objective/Provision 01 02 03 14 15 17 18 justification* A B C D E F G No. Pr. A qualified Hydraulics engineer should prepare Stormwater designs. Designs X n/a N Y Y Y Y Y Y Provision should require hydraulics engineer to demonstrate that 57 should incorporate hydraulic grade line analysis and demonstrate the capacity WSUD has been utilised to the fullest extent possible. of the existing downstream drainage system to carry any additional flow from a development. Pr. Where stormwater from development contributes to the overload of existing X n/a For the information of readers only. drainage systems at some distance downstream of the development site, Council may consider carrying out works in association with works required by the developer.

*Where a provision seeks to reduce the use of potable water in residential developments justification needs to be provided as to why this is appropriate given that BASIX applies to residential development. Draft DCP 2012 provisions that relate to water use in dwellings can therefore only be justified if they: a) apply to alterations and additions less than $50,000 in cost (alts & adds), or b) provide guidance to applicants that require a BASIX certificate or encourage applicants to go beyond BASIX requirements (guidance).

The language used in each provision should reflect its justification for inclusion in the draft DCP. For example, to avoid confusion BASIX guidance should not be worded as if it contained mandatory controls. Provisions that are not justified by meeting one of the above criteria are in conflict with BASIX and should be deleted.

ESD Best Practice Project – water