Alice Guy: Omaggio a Una Pioniera Del Cinema
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Alice Guy Blaché
Alice Guy Blaché Also Known As: Alice Blache, Alice Guy, Alice Guy-Blaché Lived: July 1, 1873 - March 24, 1968 Worked as: assistant director, co-director, co-producer, co-screenwriter, director, film company owner, lecturer, producer, screenwriter, secretary, writer Worked In: France, United States by Alison McMahan From 1896 to 1906 Alice Guy was probably the only woman film director in the world. She had begun as a secretary for Léon Gaumont and made her first film in 1896. After that first film, she directed and produced or supervised almost six hundred silent films ranging in length from one minute to thirty minutes, the majority of which were of the single-reel length. In addition, she also directed and produced or supervised one hundred and fifty synchronized sound films for the Gaumont Chronophone. Her Gaumont silent films are notable for their energy and risk-taking; her preference for real locations gives the extant examples of these Gaumont films a contemporary feel. As Alan Williams has described her influence, Alice Guy “created and nurtured the mood of excitement and sheer aesthetic pleasure that one senses in so many pre-war Gaumont films, including the ones made after her departure from the Paris studio” (57). Most notable of her Gaumont period films is La Vie du Christ (1906), a thirty-minute extravaganza that featured twenty-five sets as well as numerous exterior locations and over three hundred extras. In early 1907, Guy resigned her position as head of Gaumont’s film production arm in Paris although she did not end her business relationship with Gaumont. -
THE FEATURE FILMS of ALICE GUY BLACHÉ Filmography by Alison Mcmahan September, 2009
THE FEATURE FILMS OF ALICE GUY BLACHÉ Filmography by Alison McMahan September, 2009 This is an updated and revised version of the Filmography that first appeared in Alison McMahan, Alice Guy Blaché: Lost Visionary of the Cinema (New York and London: Continuum 2002). As the list of Alice Guy Blaché’s Solax films make clear, she was working her way towards longer films in 1912, pushing the length of one-reels to the limit and then making some two-reel productions. A huge turning point came in March of 1913 with the production of Dick Whittington and His Cat . With a length of three reels (45 minutes), a $35,000 budget and elaborate staging (including burning a boat) and costuming, it was Madame Blaché’s most ambitious Solax project and probably her masterpiece from her Solax period. In June of that same year Herbert Blaché’s contract with Gaumont expired, and Alice Blaché made him president of Solax so that she could concentrate on writing and directing. After three months, Herbert Blaché resigned and started his own film company, Blaché Features. Blaché Features used Solax’s plant, inventory, and actors, making the two companies hardly distinguishable for a few months. Blaché Features’ production eventually superseded Solax production, so that by 1914 Solax was virtually defunct. It is hard to know if this move was motivated by Herbert’s personal ambitions or if it was a way of raising capital, or both. For the rest of 1913 and much of 1914 Herbert and Alice Blaché alternated producing and directing longer films (three and four reels) for Blaché Features. -
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INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. These are also available as one exposure on a standard 35mm slide or as a 17" x 23" black and white photographic print for an additional charge. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. -
A SHORT HISTORY of FILM 00 Dixon FM I-Xxxviii 1/15/08 9:26 AM Page Ii 00 Dixon FM I-Xxxviii 1/15/08 9:26 AM Page Iii
00 Dixon FM i-xxxviii 1/15/08 9:26 AM Page i A SHORT HISTORY OF FILM 00 Dixon FM i-xxxviii 1/15/08 9:26 AM Page ii 00 Dixon FM i-xxxviii 1/15/08 9:26 AM Page iii FILMA SHORT HISTORY OF WHEELER WINSTON DIXON & GWENDOLYN AUDREY FOSTER rutgers university press new brunswick, new jersey 00 Dixon FM i-xxxviii 1/15/08 9:26 AM Page iv Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dixon, Wheeler W., 1950– A short history of film / Wheeler Winston Dixon and Gwendolyn Audrey Foster. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–0-8135–4269–0 (hardcover : alk. paper)—ISBN 978–0-8135–4270–6 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Motion pictures—History. 2. Motion picture industry—History. I. Foster, Gwendolyn Audrey. II. Title. PN1993.5.A1D53 2008 791.43Ј7—dc22 2007022097 Copyright © 2008 by Wheeler Winston Dixon and Gwendolyn Audrey Foster All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or me- chanical, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher. Please contact Rutgers University Press, 100 Joyce Kilmer Avenue, Piscataway, NJ 08854–8099. The only exception to this prohibition is “fair use” as defined by U.S. copyright law. Visit our Web site: http://rutgerspress.rutgers.edu Manufactured in the United States of America 00 Dixon FM i-xxxviii 1/15/08 9:26 AM Page v To the filmmakers, historians, and critics of the twenty-first century 00 Dixon FM i-xxxviii 1/15/08 9:26 AM Page vi 00 Dixon FM i-xxxviii 1/15/08 9:26 AM Page vii CONTENTS