Some Members of Asterinaceae (Ascomycota) from Parque Nacional, Brasília
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SOME MEMBERS OF ASTERINACEAE (ASCOMYCOTA) FROM PARQUE NACIONAL, BRASÍLIA Carlos Antonio Inácio1, Douglas Faria dos Santos, José Carmine Dianese1 (1Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Fitopatologia, 70.910-900, Brasília, DF. e-mail: [email protected]) Termos para indexação: ascomycetes, biotrophic fungi, follicolous fungi, fungal taxonomy, mycodiversity. Introdution Members of the Asterinaceae are mostly tropical plant parasitic fungi found on leaves, with dark brown superficial textura radiata ascomata of variable shape connected to a hyphopodiate mycelium. Depending on the genus the ascomata can be circular, linear or sometimes irregular, opening by irregular, longitudinal or stellar fissures. The asci are bitunicate, broadly clavate, obovoidal or ovoidal to almost spherical, containing up to 8 ascospores mostly 1-septate, sometimes with several septa, variable in shape, cylindrical- ellipsoidal, ellipsoidal, initially colorless becoming brown. The aim of this paper is to describe members of the family Asterinaceae present in Parque Nacional-Brasília, thus improving the knowledge about a poorly studied group. Material and Methods Exsiccates of several plant species containing typical asterinaceous growth were collected from the cerrado at Parque Nacional-Brasília (PNB), numbered and deposited in the Mycological Collection of Herbarium UB. After initial study under a stereomicroscope, fungal samples were mounted in squash preparations or sectioned in a freezing microtome for morphological studies and microphotography. In most cases the samples were stained with lacto-glycerol-cotton blue or glycerol-KOH-phloxine B and the slides sealed with nail polish. Pieces of leaves with one or more lesions showing representative samples of fruiting bodies were used for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) according to (Souza 1998). Results and Discussion Members of the Asterinaceae were found on several host plants. Thus Asterina species were detected on leaves of Salacia crassifolia (Celastraceae) (UB Mycol. Col. 20035) showing: ascomata 44 – 74 × 115 –226 μm; asci 20 – 46 × 11 – 28 μm and ascospores 20 – 30 × 9 –12 μm. Another Asterina species (UB Mycol. Col. 20480) was associated with Simarouba versicolor (Simaroubaceae), characterized by ascomata 20–62 × 87-200 μm; asci 32– 50 × 23 – 45 μm, and ascospores 20 – 28 × 11 –15 μm. The only Asterina species described on Simaroubaceae is Asterina lobata Syd. & P. Syd. that clearly differs from the species now found due to its smaller ascospores (13 – 18 × 6 – 7 μm), asci (25 – 3 5 × 20 – 25 μ m) and ascomata (90 – 125 μm diam.). The only Asterina species known before on Simaroubaceae is Asterina lobata Syd. & P. Syd. (Saccardo, 1928; Sydow & Sydow, 1912) that differs from the species now studied because its asci and ascospores are clearly smaller (Table 1). Table 1. Comparison of the Asterina species on Simaroubaceae Fungus Host Ascomata Asci Ascospores References (µm) (µm) (µm) Asterina sp. Simarouba 20 – 62 × 32 – 50 × 20 – 28 × (UB20480) versicolor 87 – 200 23 – 45 11 – 15 (Simaroubaceae) A . lobata Picrasma sp. 90 – 125 25 – 35 × 13 – 18 × Saccardo et al. (Simaroubaceae) diam. 20 – 25 6 – 7 (1928) Sydow & Sydow (1912) Eugenia florida (Mytaceae) was found hosting an Asterolibertia species (UB Mycol. Col. 20087) with ascomata 27– 62 × 175 -372 μ m; asci 38 –99 × 15 – 45 μ m, and ascospores 12 – 38 × 4 –18 μm. Two different Echidnodella species were detected; one of them on Conomorpha pseudo-icacorea (Myrsinaceae) (UB Mycol. Col. 20226) showing ascomata 33– 55 × 94 –190 μm; asci 26– 45 × 11 – 17 μm, and ascospores 12 – 16 × 5 – 8 μm. A second Echidnodella species was found on Miconia sp. (Melastomataceae) (UB Mycol. Col. 20100): ascomata 14–55 × 72-139 μm; asci 28– 60 × 16 – 31 μm and ascospores 13 – 26 × 8 – 16 μm. Asterolibertia crustacea (Ellis & Everh.) Hansf. is the only previous official record of the genus on Myrtaceae, although another Asterolibertia species has been shown by Inácio & Dianese (1995) also different from the specimen now described on E. florida (Table 2). Tabela 2. Known Asterolibertia species on Myrtaceae compared with the one found on E. florida from the cerrado. Fungus Host Ascoma Ascus Ascospore Reference (µm) (µm) (µm) Asterolibertia Eugenia florida 27 – 62 × 38 – 99 × 12 – 38 × sp. (UB Mycol. (Mytaceae) 175 –372 15 – 45 4 – 18 Col. 20087). Asterolibertia Psidium guajava 30 – 40 × 100 × 20 – 25-28 × Hansford crustacea 400 25 4 – 16 (1955) Besides being described in the same host genus Echidnodella diaphama differs from the new record in ascospores, asci and ascomata size, however, E. cedralensis (Chardon & Toro, 1934) is distinguished from the cerradoan species only by its much larger ascomata (Table 3). Tabela 3. Echidnodella species on Myrsinaceae. Host Ascoma (µm) Ascus Ascospore Reference (µm) (µm) Echidnodella sp. Conomorpha 33 – 55 × 94 – 26 – 45 × 12 – 16 × (UB Mycol. Col. pseudo-icacorea 190 11 – 17 5 – 8 20226) E. diaphana Conomorpha sp. 239 – 371 × 38 – 45 × 20 – 22 × Stevens & Ryan Toro 137-171 31-34 9 – 12 (1939) E. cedralensis Rapanea sp. 280 – 650 × 26 – 30 17 – 20 × Chardon & Toro Toro 140 – 200 diam. 6 – 7 (1934) As shown in Table 4, E. melastomacearum Ryan first described in Puerto Rico and now detected in the cerrado differs from the other two known species on Melastomataceae because it shows larger asci and ascospores formed inside smaller ascomata. Table 4. Echidnodella species on Melastomataceous hosts Host Ascoma Asco (µm) Ascósporos Referência (µm) (µm) Echidnodella Miconia sp. 14 – 55 × 28 – 60 × 13 – 26 × Stevens & Ryan melastomacearum Miconia 72 – 139 16 – 31 8 – 16 (1939) (UB Mycol. Col. rubiginosa 20100) E. miconiae Miconia 81 – 185 × 24 – 37 × 17 – 20 × Stevens & laevigata: 105 – 125 14 – 15 3 – 8 Ryan (1939) E. memecyli Memecylon sp. 520 – 635 × 33 – 36 × 12 – 14.5 × Housagodar & 31 – 36 19 – 24 4-6 Abraham (1998) Lembosia opaca Speg. is the only species of the genus reported on Rapanea sp. and R. ferruginea (Myrsinaceae) in South America (Dennis, 1970, Ciferri, 1961), however its dimensions are obviously different from those of the cerrado specimen now described on C. macrophylla (Table 6). A Lembosia sp. (UB Mycol. Col. 20362) was found on leaves of Conomorpha macroplylla (Myrsinaceae) with ascomata 40-76 × 99 –254 μm; asci 20 – 50 × 10 – 26 μm, and ascospores 14 – 25 × 4 – 10 μm. Finally, another Lembosia species was present on leaves of Connarus sp. (Connaraceae) (UB Mycol. Col. 20474) showing ascomata 27-92 × 195 –400 μm; asci 40 – 62 × 24– 47 μm, and ascospores 22 – 32 × 11 –26 μm. Table 6. Lembosia species on Myrcinaceae Fungus Host Ascoma Ascus (µm) Ascospore Reference (µm) (µm) Lembosia (UB Conomorpha 40 – 76 × 99 20 – 50 × 14 – 25 × Mycol. Col. macroplylla – 254 10 –26 4 – 10 20474) Lembosia Rapanea sp. 140 – 170 × 32 – 40 × 16 × 5.5 Stevens & Ryan opaca 250 – 340 17 – 22 (1939) Conclusions Specimens of Asterina, Asterolibertia and Lembosia studied in Simarouba versicolor, Eugenia florida, and Connarus sp., respectively, are all new species to be described. Additional studies will be done in order to effectively and validly publish the new taxa found in Parque Nacional-Brasília in accordance with the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. References CHARDON, C.E., & TORO, R.A. Mycological Explorations of Venezuela. Monographs of University of Puerto Rico, s.B, p.1-351, 1934. DENNIS, R.W.G. Fungus Flora of Venezuela and Adjacent Countries. Kew Bulletin Additional Series III. Verlag von J. Cramer, 1970. 531 p. 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