Identification of Overlapping DNA-Binding and Centromere
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Assignment of the AK1:Np:ABO Linkage Group to Human Chromosome 9 (Somatic Cell Hybrids/Enzyme Markers/Gene Localization) A
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 73, No. 3, pp. 895-899, March 1976 Genetics Assignment of the AK1:Np:ABO linkage group to human chromosome 9 (somatic cell hybrids/enzyme markers/gene localization) A. WESTERVELD*§, A. P. M. JONGSMA*, P. MEERA KHANt, H. VAN SOMERENt, AND D. BOOTSMA* * Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; t Department of Human Genetics, State University, Leiden, The Netherlands; and * Medical Biological Laboratory TNO, P.O. Box 45, Rijswijk 2100, The Netherlands Communicated by Victor A. McKusick, January 8,1976 ABSTRACT In man-Chinese hamster somatic cell hy- cytes were obtained from peripheral blood of male and fe- brids the segregation patterns of the loci for 25 human en- male donors. The details on production, isolation, and propa- zyme markers and human chromosomes were studied. The results provide evidence for the localization of the gene for gation of these hybrids have been published elsewhere (11). adenylate kinase-1 (AKI) on chromosome 9. Since the loci for In the hybrid and parental cell populations the following the ABO blood group (ABO), nail-patella syndrome (Np), and enzymes were analyzed by means of Cellogel electrophore- AK1 are known to be linked in man, the ABO.Np:AKj link- sis: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD); phospho- age group may be assigned to chromosome 9. glycerate kinase (PGK); a-galactosidase-A (a-Gal A); lactate dehydrogenases (LDH-A, LDH-B); 6-phosphogluconate de- In man several electrophoretically separable isoenzymes for hydrogenase (6PGD); phosphoglucomutases (PGMI, PGMs); adenylate kinase (AK; EC 2.7.4.3) have been described (1). -
Y-Chromosome Short Tandem Repeat, Typing Technology, Locus Information and Allele Frequency in Different Population: a Review
Vol. 14(27), pp. 2175-2178, 8 July, 2015 DOI:10.5897/AJB2015.14457 Article Number: 2E48C3F54052 ISSN 1684-5315 African Journal of Biotechnology Copyright © 2015 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB Review Y-Chromosome short tandem repeat, typing technology, locus information and allele frequency in different population: A review Muhanned Abdulhasan Kareem1, Ameera Omran Hussein2 and Imad Hadi Hameed2* 1Babylon University, Centre of Environmental Research, Hilla City, Iraq. 2Department of Molecular Biology, Babylon University, Hilla City, Iraq. Received 29 January, 2015; Accepted 29 June, 2015 Chromosome Y microsatellites seem to be ideal markers to delineate differences between human populations. They are transmitted in uniparental and they are very sensitive for genetic drift. This review will highlight the importance of the Y- Chromosome as a tool for tracing human evolution and describes some details of Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) analysis. Among them are: microsatellites, amplification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of STRs, separation and detection and advantages of X-chromosomal microsatellites. Key words: Forensic, population, review, STR, Y- chromosome. INTRODUCTION Microsatellites are DNA regions with repeat units that are microsatellite, but repeats of five (penta-) or six (hexa-) 2 to 7 bp in length or most generally short tandem nucleotides are usually classified as microsatellites as repeats (STRs) or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) well. DNA can be used to study human evolution. (Ellegren, 2000; Imad et al., 2014). The classification of Besides, information from DNA typing is important for the DNA sequences is determined by the length of the medico-legal matters with polymorphisms leading to more core repeat unit and the number of adjacent repeat units. -
Combinatorial Genomic Data Refute the Human Chromosome 2 Evolutionary Fusion and Build a Model of Functional Design for Interstitial Telomeric Repeats
The Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism Volume 8 Print Reference: Pages 222-228 Article 32 2018 Combinatorial Genomic Data Refute the Human Chromosome 2 Evolutionary Fusion and Build a Model of Functional Design for Interstitial Telomeric Repeats Jeffrey P. Tomkins Institute for Creation Research Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/icc_proceedings Part of the Biology Commons, and the Genomics Commons DigitalCommons@Cedarville provides a publication platform for fully open access journals, which means that all articles are available on the Internet to all users immediately upon publication. However, the opinions and sentiments expressed by the authors of articles published in our journals do not necessarily indicate the endorsement or reflect the views of DigitalCommons@Cedarville, the Centennial Library, or Cedarville University and its employees. The authors are solely responsible for the content of their work. Please address questions to [email protected]. Browse the contents of this volume of The Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism. Recommended Citation Tomkins, J.P. 2018. Combinatorial genomic data refute the human chromosome 2 evolutionary fusion and build a model of functional design for interstitial telomeric repeats. In Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Creationism, ed. J.H. Whitmore, pp. 222–228. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Creation Science Fellowship. Tomkins, J.P. 2018. Combinatorial genomic data refute the human chromosome 2 evolutionary fusion and build a model of functional design for interstitial telomeric repeats. In Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Creationism, ed. J.H. Whitmore, pp. 222–228. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Creation Science Fellowship. COMBINATORIAL GENOMIC DATA REFUTE THE HUMAN CHROMOSOME 2 EVOLUTIONARY FUSION AND BUILD A MODEL OF FUNCTIONAL DESIGN FOR INTERSTITIAL TELOMERIC REPEATS Jeffrey P. -
Epigenetic Control of Mammalian Centromere Protein Binding: Does DNA Methylation Have a Role?
Journal of Cell Science 109, 2199-2206 (1996) 2199 Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 1996 JCS3386 Epigenetic control of mammalian centromere protein binding: does DNA methylation have a role? Arthur R. Mitchell*, Peter Jeppesen, Linda Nicol†, Harris Morrison and David Kipling MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK *Author for correspondence (internet [email protected]) †Present address: MRC Reproductive Biology Unit, Edinburgh, UK SUMMARY Chromosome 1 of the inbred mouse strain DBA/2 has a block of minor satellite DNA sequences on chromosome 1. polymorphism associated with the minor satellite DNA at The binding of the CENP-E protein does not appear to be its centromere. The more terminal block of satellite DNA affected by demethylation of the minor satellite sequences. sequences on this chromosome acts as the centromere as We present a model to explain these observations. This shown by the binding of CREST ACA serum, anti-CENP- model may also indicate the mechanism by which the B and anti-CENP-E polyclonal sera. Demethylation of the CENP-B protein recognises specific sites within the arrays minor satellite DNA sequences accomplished by growing of minor satellite DNA on mouse chromosomes. cells in the presence of the drug 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine results in a redistribution of the CENP-B protein. This protein now binds to an enlarged area on the more terminal Key words: Centromere satellite DNA, Demethylation, Centromere block and in addition it now binds to the more internal antibody INTRODUCTION A common feature of many mammalian pericentromeric domains is that they contain families of repetitive DNA The centromere of mammalian chromosomes is recognised at sequences (Singer, 1982). -
Chromosomal Assignment of the Genes for Human Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-1 and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-2 LILY C
Am J Hum Genet 38:641-648, 1986 Chromosomal Assignment of the Genes for Human Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-1 and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-2 LILY C. Hsu,', AKIRA YOSHIDA,' AND T. MOHANDAS2 SUMMARY Chromosomal assignment of the genes for two major human aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes, that is, cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 (ALDH1) and mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) were determined. Genomic DNA, isolated from a panel of mouse- human and Chinese hamster-human hybrid cell lines, was digested by restriction endonucleases and subjected to Southern blot hybridiza- tion using cDNA probes for ALDH1 and for ALDH2. Based on the distribution pattern of ALDH1 and ALDH2 in cell hybrids, ALDHI was assigned to the long arm of human chromosome 9 and ALDH2 to chromosome 12. INTRODUCTION Two major and at least two minor aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes exist in human and other mammalian livers. One of the major isozymes, designated as ALDH 1, or E1, is of cytosolic origin, and another major isozyme, designated as ALDH2 or E2, is of mitochondrial origin. The two isozymes are different from each other with respect to their kinetic properties, sensitivity to disulfiram inactivation, and protein structure [1-5]. Remarkable racial differences be- tween Caucasians and Orientals have been found in these isozymes. Approxi- mately 50% of Orientals have a variant form of ALDH2 associated with dimin- ished activity, while virtually all Caucasians have the wild-type active ALDH2 Received July 10, 1985; revised September 23, 1985. This work was supported by grant AA05763 from the National Institutes of Health. ' Department of Biochemical Genetics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010. -
Searching the Genomes of Inbred Mouse Strains for Incompatibilities That Reproductively Isolate Their Wild Relatives
Journal of Heredity 2007:98(2):115–122 ª The American Genetic Association. 2007. All rights reserved. doi:10.1093/jhered/esl064 For permissions, please email: [email protected]. Advance Access publication January 5, 2007 Searching the Genomes of Inbred Mouse Strains for Incompatibilities That Reproductively Isolate Their Wild Relatives BRET A. PAYSEUR AND MICHAEL PLACE From the Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706. Address correspondence to the author at the address above, or e-mail: [email protected]. Abstract Identification of the genes that underlie reproductive isolation provides important insights into the process of speciation. According to the Dobzhansky–Muller model, these genes suffer disrupted interactions in hybrids due to independent di- vergence in separate populations. In hybrid populations, natural selection acts to remove the deleterious heterospecific com- binations that cause these functional disruptions. When selection is strong, this process can maintain multilocus associations, primarily between conspecific alleles, providing a signature that can be used to locate incompatibilities. We applied this logic to populations of house mice that were formed by hybridization involving two species that show partial reproductive isolation, Mus domesticus and Mus musculus. Using molecular markers likely to be informative about species ancestry, we scanned the genomes of 1) classical inbred strains and 2) recombinant inbred lines for pairs of loci that showed extreme linkage disequi- libria. By using the same set of markers, we identified a list of locus pairs that displayed similar patterns in both scans. These genomic regions may contain genes that contribute to reproductive isolation between M. domesticus and M. -
Extra Euchromatic Band in the Qh Region of Chromosome 9
J Med Genet: first published as 10.1136/jmg.22.2.156 on 1 April 1985. Downloaded from 156 Short reports two centromeres indicated by two distinct C bands but only I HANCKE AND K MILLER one primary constriction at the proximal C band. The two Department of Human Genetics, C bands were separated by chromosomal material staining Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, pale in G banding and intensely dark in R banding (fig 1). Hannover, Both NORs could be observed in satellite associations (fig Federal Republic of Germany. 2). The chromosome was therefore defined as pseudo- dicentric chromosome 21 (pseudic 21). The same chromo- References some was found in the proband's father and paternal Balicek P, Zizka, J. Intercalar satellites of human acrocentric grandmother. chromosomes as a cytological manifestation of polymorphisms Acrocentric chromosomes with a short arm morphology in GC-rich material? Hum Genet 1980;54:343-7. similar to that presented here have been reported by 2 Ing PS, Smith SD. Cytogenetic studies of a patient with Balicek and Zizka.' These authors paid no attention to the mosaicism of isochromosome 13q and a dicentric (Y;13) activity of the centromeres. The suppression of additional translocation showing differential centromeric activity. Clin centromeres is indicated by the presence of only one Genet 1983;24:194-9. primary constriction as shown by Ing and Smith2 in a 3 Passarge E. Analysis of chromosomes in mitosis and evaluation dicentric (Y;13) transtocation. Variants of acrocentric of cytogenetic data. 5. Variability of the karyotype. In: Schwarzacher HG, Wolf U, eds. Methods in human cytogene- chromosomes are often observed in patients with congen- tics. -
Linear Increase of Structural and Numerical Chromosome 9 Abnormalities in Human Sperm Regarding Age
European Journal of Human Genetics (2003) 11, 754–759 & 2003 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 1018-4813/03 $25.00 www.nature.com/ejhg ARTICLE Linear increase of structural and numerical chromosome 9 abnormalities in human sperm regarding age Merce` Bosch1, Osvaldo Rajmil2, Josep Egozcue3 and Cristina Templado*,1 1Departament de Biologia Cel.lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Auto`noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain; 2Servei d’Andrologia, Fundacio´ Puigvert, Barcelona 08025, Spain; 3Departament de Biologia Cel.lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Cie`ncies, Universitat Auto`noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain A simultaneous four-colour fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) assay was used in human sperm in order to search for a paternal age effect on: (1) the incidence of structural aberrations and aneuploidy of chromosome 9, and (2) the sex ratio in both normal spermatozoa and spermatozoa with a numerical or structural abnormality of chromosome 9. The sperm samples were collected from 18 healthy donors, aged 24–74 years (mean 48.8 years old). Specific probes for the subtelomeric 9q region (9qter), centromeric regions of chromosomes 6 and 9, and the satellite III region of the Y chromosome were used for FISH analysis. A total of 190 117 sperms were evaluated with a minimum of 10 000 sperm scored from each donor. A significant linear increase in the overall level of duplications and deletions for the centromeric and subtelomeric regions of chromosome 9 (Pr0.002), chromosome 9 disomy (Po0.0001) as well as diploidy (Po0.0001) was detected in relation to age. The percentage of increase for each 10-year period was 29% for chromosome 9 disomy, 18.8% for diploidy, and ranged from 14.6 to 28% for structural aberrations. -
Cellular and Molecular Signatures in the Disease Tissue of Early
Cellular and Molecular Signatures in the Disease Tissue of Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Stratify Clinical Response to csDMARD-Therapy and Predict Radiographic Progression Frances Humby1,* Myles Lewis1,* Nandhini Ramamoorthi2, Jason Hackney3, Michael Barnes1, Michele Bombardieri1, Francesca Setiadi2, Stephen Kelly1, Fabiola Bene1, Maria di Cicco1, Sudeh Riahi1, Vidalba Rocher-Ros1, Nora Ng1, Ilias Lazorou1, Rebecca E. Hands1, Desiree van der Heijde4, Robert Landewé5, Annette van der Helm-van Mil4, Alberto Cauli6, Iain B. McInnes7, Christopher D. Buckley8, Ernest Choy9, Peter Taylor10, Michael J. Townsend2 & Costantino Pitzalis1 1Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK. Departments of 2Biomarker Discovery OMNI, 3Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California 94080 USA 4Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands 5Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 6Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Policlinico of the University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy 7Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK 8Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing (IIA), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK 9Institute of -
Laboratory Testing for Her2 Status in Breast Cancer
Laboratory Testing for Her2 Status in Breast Cancer Katherine Geiersbach, M.D. Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology May 28, 2015 Overview • Clinical relevance of Her2 status for treatment of breast cancer • Standard approaches for determining Her2 status in breast cancer • Current concepts and controversies in Her2 testing 2 Who gets breast cancer? • Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies to affect women • About 1 in 8 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer at some point in her lifetime • Most cases of breast cancer are sporadic, but a small percentage (5-10%) are related to a heritable gene mutation, most commonly BRCA1 or BRCA2 • Having a first degree relative with breast cancer increases a woman’s chance of developing breast cancer • Screening mammography is recommended for older women – US Preventive Services Task Force: Every 2 years starting at age 50 – American Cancer Society, others: Every 2 years starting at age 40 How is breast cancer treated? • Surgery: excision with or without sentinel lymph node biopsy – Breast conserving: lumpectomy, partial mastectomy – Mastectomy • Chemotherapy: before and/or after surgery • Radiation • Targeted therapies – Hormone therapy: Tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors – Her2 targeted therapy for cancers with overexpression of the gene ERBB2, commonly called Her2 or Her2/neu • Treatment is based on testing for ER, PR, and Her2 status, as well as cancer grade and stage. 4 Her2 targeted therapy • Herceptin (trastuzumab) • Others: pertuzumab (Perjeta), T-DM1 (Kadcyla), and lapatinib (Tykerb) • Recent data shows that a combination of pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and docetaxel (PTD) improved progression free survival compared to patients who had only trastuzumab and docetaxel (TD)1,2 source: http://www.perjeta.com/hcp/moa 1. -
Microdeletion of the Azfc Locus with High Frequency of Mosaicism 46,XY/47XYY in Cases of Non Obstructive Azoospermia in Eastern Population of India
Microdeletion of the AZFc locus with high frequency of mosaicism 46,XY/47XYY in cases of non obstructive azoospermia in eastern population of India A.K. Saxena and K. Aniket Department of Pathology/Lab Medicine, Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna (Bihar), India Corresponding author: A.K. Saxena E-mail: [email protected] Genet. Mol. Res. 18 (2): gmr18349 Received May 07, 2019 Accepted June 06, 2019 Published June 18, 2019 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/gmr18349 ABSTRACT. The etiopathology of male infertility is highly complex, involving gene - environment interactions to regulate spermatogenesis. Consequently, genetic analysis becomes imperative for cases of non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) to identify the causative factors. Cases (n = 111) of NOA referred to the cytogenetics and molecular genetics laboratory of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences in -Patna from 2013-2018 were subjected to 1) karyotyping using GTG bandings techniques, 2) fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for the sex determining region (SRY), and 3) PCR based analysis of STS markers based on microdeletion of the Y- chromosome after isolation of genomic DNA from whole blood. A flow cytometer was used for a cell- kinetic and DNA methylation study after incorporation of 5-azacytidine (5- AzaC) (1.0 ug/mL) in lymphocyte culture. PCR products were analyzed on an agarose gel (1.5%) and bands were visualized on Gel Doc after ethidium bromide staining. Chromosomal abnormalities, including structural numerical variations, were observed in 14 of the karyotypes. Eight cases showed a 46,XY/47,XYY i.e. mosaic pattern; two cases 46, XY/45/XO; a single case with 47,XY +16; two cases with 46,X+ ring Y; a single case with 46,XY+dicentric in Genetics and Molecular Research 18 (2): gmr18349 ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br A.K. -
Supplementary Table S4. FGA Co-Expressed Gene List in LUAD
Supplementary Table S4. FGA co-expressed gene list in LUAD tumors Symbol R Locus Description FGG 0.919 4q28 fibrinogen gamma chain FGL1 0.635 8p22 fibrinogen-like 1 SLC7A2 0.536 8p22 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 2 DUSP4 0.521 8p12-p11 dual specificity phosphatase 4 HAL 0.51 12q22-q24.1histidine ammonia-lyase PDE4D 0.499 5q12 phosphodiesterase 4D, cAMP-specific FURIN 0.497 15q26.1 furin (paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme) CPS1 0.49 2q35 carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1, mitochondrial TESC 0.478 12q24.22 tescalcin INHA 0.465 2q35 inhibin, alpha S100P 0.461 4p16 S100 calcium binding protein P VPS37A 0.447 8p22 vacuolar protein sorting 37 homolog A (S. cerevisiae) SLC16A14 0.447 2q36.3 solute carrier family 16, member 14 PPARGC1A 0.443 4p15.1 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha SIK1 0.435 21q22.3 salt-inducible kinase 1 IRS2 0.434 13q34 insulin receptor substrate 2 RND1 0.433 12q12 Rho family GTPase 1 HGD 0.433 3q13.33 homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase PTP4A1 0.432 6q12 protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA, member 1 C8orf4 0.428 8p11.2 chromosome 8 open reading frame 4 DDC 0.427 7p12.2 dopa decarboxylase (aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase) TACC2 0.427 10q26 transforming, acidic coiled-coil containing protein 2 MUC13 0.422 3q21.2 mucin 13, cell surface associated C5 0.412 9q33-q34 complement component 5 NR4A2 0.412 2q22-q23 nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 2 EYS 0.411 6q12 eyes shut homolog (Drosophila) GPX2 0.406 14q24.1 glutathione peroxidase