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Beginnings of Medical Education in and Near Chicago

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Beginnings of Medical Education in and Near Chicago Beginnings of Medical Education In and Near Chicago THE INSTITUTIONS AND THE MEN By GEORGE H. WEAVER a ^ ^ll^'^Xto^.f^ /^^^crn^-^ ' L I E. R A R Y OF THE U N ! VER5ITY or 1 LLl NOIS G»\0.7 W37b COP. ^ \f-M^^ Begiiiniii«!;s of Medical Education in and JNear Chicago THE INSTITUTIONS AND THE MEN GEORGE H. WEAVER Rflirinled from The Prticfedin^s iij llie Institute of Medicine of Cliicano. I<I2.^. \„l. .'). mid The llull.lin of the Soriely of Mediciil History oj Chicino. l<)>:,. I ol. 3 American Medical A; 535 North Dearbor: CHICAGO CONTliXTS Beginnings ot Medical 1-lducation in and Near Chicago. The Institutions and the Men 1-45 Sketches of the Lives of Faculty Members and Some Others Mentioned in the Text. Adams. Samuel Higday, Tompkins 67 Allen, Jonathan .\dams Hudson. .-Xbisha S 67 .Andrew, Jacob Piatt Hunt, Franklin W 68 Armor. Samuel (ilasgow Jones, Henry 68 Barrows. George S Kennicott. John Albert 68 Blaney. James \"an Zandt Kimberly, Edmund Stoughton. 70 Brainard. Daniel Knapp. Moses l_ 71 Brown. David E Lee. George Washington 72 Chapman. Chandler Burwell McLean, John 74 Danforth. Willis McNeill, Francis Asbury 74 Davis. Nathan Smith Mead, Edward 75 Davisson. Alfred W Meeker. Daniel 76 Delamatcr. John Niles, John Barton 76 Deminij. Elizur H Prince. David 78 Dillon. John F ,.. Richards. Get>rge W 79 Kvans. John Rose, (iustavus .Adolphus 80 Everts. Orpheus Sanford. John F 80 Fitch. Graham X Shipman, .Azariah B 82 Flint. Austin Spencer, Thomas 84 (ioodhue. losiah C Stahl, Daniel 85 Hard. Xichols Temple, John Taylor 86 Herrick. losiah B Wing. Henry 88 Herrick. William B Letters Written or Received by Members of the Faculties of the F^ioneer Schools and Their Pupils. .\dams, Samuel 91 Fitch. (;. N 113, 114 Armor, S. G 124, 128 Graham, John S 94, 103 Barton, Wm. P. C 121 Henry, Joseph 120 Blanev. las. V. Z Herrick. W. B 102, 113, 114 95, 98, 100. 102, 104. 106. 1 12 Higbv. Jas. M 108 Brainard. Daniel 92. 94. 97, Knapp. M. L 118 101, 105. 107. 111. 116. 117. 118 Matthews. Wm 115 Chapman. C. B 119 Mitchell. Thos. D 123 CotKn. Nath 91 McLean, John 93, 98, 100, 105 Danforth, Willis 131, 132 Phillips, E. H 125 Dillon. John 124. 126. 127, 129 Richards, G. W 123, 127, 130 Evans. John Stille. Alfred 123 89. 107. 109. 110. 111. 116. 117 Wheeler, Geo. S 130 Everts, Orpheus 119 llluslralioiis Fig. 1. College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Western District of New York : Fairfield iledical School. Laboratory Building, erected in 1809 3 Fig. 2. College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Western District of New- York : Fairfield Medical School, South Building, erected in 1825 5 Fig. 3. Medical Department of LaPorte I'niversity, erected about 1846.... 10 Fig. 4. Letter to George Bunker from G. W. Richards. Oct. 12. 1848. Written with right hand 11 CONTENTS—Continued Fig. 5. Letter to George A. Bunker from G. W. Richards. Oct. 10. 1849. Written with left hand about six months after Ijullet-wound caused paralysis of right arm 15 Fig. 6. Medical Department of Illinois College, erected in 1844 18 Fig. 7. Rush Medical College, erected in 1844 21 Fig. 8. Stock certificate of Rush Medical College 11 Fig. 9. Announcement of memliers of faculty of Rock Island Medical School in Wisconsin Argus. Madison, Sept. 26, 1848 ll Fig. 10. Letter to G. A. Bunker from G. W. Richards, Oct. 4, 1850 28 Fig. 11. Lecture tickets, College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Western District of New York, issued to John McLean 31 Fig. 12. Lecture tickets for Rush Medical College ii Figs. 13 and 14. Title pages of catalogs issued by the medical schools 35 Figs. 15 and 16. Title pages of catalogs issued by the medical schools il Fig. 17. Title page of catalog issued by the medical schools 38 Fig. 18. Title pages of introductory addresses 39 Fig. 19. Title page of Illinois Medical and Surgical Journal, first volume, 1 844 42 Fig. 20. Instrument conveying two acres of corn standing in Aurora to N. Hard, in payment of medical bill of $12.00 49 Fig. 21. Members of faculty of medical department of LaPorte University.. 53 1. Daniel Meeker 4. George W. Richards 2. John B. Niles 5. J. Adams Allen 3. Jacob P. .Andrew 6. Thompkiu Higday Fig. 22. First page of letter from Moses L. Kuapp to Nichols Hard 57 Fig. li. Dr. George W. Richards' house at St. Charles, Illinois 61 Fig. 24. Front door of Dr. Richards' house, showing bullet mark above knob 65 Fig. 25. Members of faculty of the Medical Department of Illinois College 69 1. David Prince 4. Edward Mead 2. Samuel .Adams 5. Henry Wing 3. Daniel Stahl Fig. 26. Letter from Daniel Brainard to John McLean regarding the organization of Rush Medical College, Oct. 10, 1843 73 Fig. 27. Members of faculty of Rush Medical College 11 1. Daniel Brainard 4. Moses L. Knapp 2. James Van Zandt Blaney 5. Austin Flint 3. John McLean 6. Graham N. Fitch Fig. 28. Members of faculty of Rush Medical College 81 1. Wm. B. Herrick 4. Nathan S. Davis 2. John Evans 5. Alfred W. Davisson 3. Thomas Spencer 6. Josiah B. Herrick Fig. 29. Members of faculty of the Rock Island Medical School 83 1. Chandler B. Chapman 4. Orpheus Everts 2. John F. Sanford 5. A. S. Hudson 3. Samuel G. Armor Fig. 30. Dr. Nichols Hard 87 BEGIXXIXGS OF Mi:UlCAL EDUCATlUX IX AXD XFAK CHICAGO THE I.NSTITITIONS AM) THE MEN (JKORGE H. Weaver \\ lien the Society of Medical History of Chicago was organized in 1909, one of its objects was to collect and jireserve what relates to lt)cal medical history. As secretary I had much to do with this. The lirst nie«lical schools of this region soon became objects of interest. From this l)eginning I have continued to gather information regarding these schools and the men on their faculties as opportunity has allowed. FVom the material secured, I have attenipted to construct the story of the first efforts to teach medicine in Chicago and the adjacent country as it occurred between 1842 and 1850. During this time, five medical schools were organized and flourished for a time, but finally only one remained, three having discontinued and one having permanently moved west of the Mississippi river. .\n effort has been made to learn as much as ])ossil)le about the persons who appeared on the faculties of the medical schools, and sketches of their lives have been prepared containing the most important facts. These have been made more e.xtensive when former adeciuate biographical sketches were lacking. Accuracy in dates, places of gradua- tion, etc., has been aimed at, many inaccuracies in former statements being corrected. Prolonged search has been rewarded by the finding of pictures of almost every one of the principal characters of the story. The information obtainable regarding these early institutions and men has often been fragmentary. Much has been destroyed and lost during the interval of over three quarters of a century. The records of the e.xtinct schools have been lost in large measure, and the limited printed matters issued by them have almost di.sapj)eared. Much historic material was lost in the Chicago fire. But a general acknowledgment can be made of the kindness of numerous persons who have generously aided me in .securing the information here utilized. : My estimate of this presentation is well expressed by Samuel D. Gross when, on a similar occasion, he wrote I am not vain enough to suppose that I have exhausted the subject; like a traveler who is exploring, for the first time, the resources of a new country, I have made many extensive excursions. Wandered hither and thither in pursuit of objects, culling here and there a choice flower, or picking up a gem by the way-side; but many things liave doubtless escaped my attention, and much is left to reward the research and scrutiny of my successors.' As would be expected, traits of weakness as well as strength were possessed liy the persons under consideration. The former have largely been lost in the dim record of the past, and it is useful now to emphasize only the latter. Those who organized and conducted these pioneer schools are all dead, and any sentiment which may have existe<l regarding them as individuals has been lost in the distance. We may now look at them as depicted in what they did, and after the passage of over three- quarters of a century, may place an impartial estimate on the vakie of their accoinplishments and form some idea as to what sort of men they were. In doing this, we must always bear in mind that the conditions under which they worked were primitive and their ad\antages in a material way limited. Standards of medical education were not such as exist today. The family of medical schools in America may be likened to a tree. The original seeds from which the tree sprang were imported from Great Britain, the roots and main trunk were formed by the original medical schools near the Atlantic Coast, and the branches and sub-branches con- sisted of several generations of schools always spreading further from the ]:)arent trunk. During the growth of the tree, some branches have died, and some have been cut out while still healthy to make room for others. Some branches have been long, sturdy and strong, while others have been delicate from injury by winds, late frosts or insect enemies or because their supply of sunshine has been obstructed by stronger and larger branches.
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