E X A Newborn Baby M P Guide LE

This guide aims to give support and answer some questions for caring for your baby with in their first year of their precious life. E X CarAing for children is our top priority in the UAE, which is considered a unique global model iMn and providing the necessary social, health and cultural climate for it.

― HER HIGHNESS SHEIKHAP FATIMA BINT MUBARAK, OF THE NATIONLE Contents

IntroductionE Your Baby's Health

Congratulations on becoming new Constipation The importance of the Xearly years Diarrhoea, vomiting and dehydration Top tips for quality interactions with your baby with Illness and fever the first year Allergies, coughs, colds, asthma and breathing Eczema Post Birth A Vaccinations Childhood Immunisation Schedule After birth support and recovering from the delivery Looking after your own health and wellbeing M Postnatal depression Registering the birth About breastfeeding The physical appearance of your baby pain Becoming a dad Getting enough Connecting with your baby Wind and colic Looking after yourself and your relationship P Expressing milk Bringing your newborn baby home Diet and breastfeeding Weaning your baby Taking Care of Your Baby L Growth and Development Umbilical cord care Holding your newborn About growth aEnd development Bonding and soothing Your newborn’s growth Sleeping routines Domains of development Crying Development indicators from birth to one year Diapering (changing their ) Seeking growth and development advice Baby bathing E X A M IntroduPction LE Introduction E Congratulations on becoming X New Parents

As a new parent, you may have many questions relating to A different aspects of care for your new baby. These questions may range from how often I should feed my baby, how do I change a diaper, and how do I bath my bMaby. As you are getting to know your new baby, the early weeks and first year can be an exciting and exhausting time for new mums. You may have some tough days and sleepless nights due to fPeeding and diaper changing. Still, when your baby is laying on you, and you hear their heartbeat and can smell their unique baby smell, you will have moments where you realLise it’s all worth it and how lucky you are. E This guide aims to give support and answer some questions for caring for your baby within the first year of their precious life.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Introduction | Page 5 Introduction The impEortance of the early years The first few years ofX a child's life are Nurturing and responsive care for your young incredibly significant for later health and child’s body and mind is vital in supporting development. healthy brain development. Interactions and A communication are fundamental. One of the main reasons is how fast the brain grows starting before birth and Babies and young children develop and learn continuing into early childhood. Mthrough interactions with others and being spoken to, playing and exploring, and being Brain development research indicates that active also supports healthy brain while the brain goes on developing devePlopment. Give your baby lots of throughout life, during the earliest years, interaction and a good way of doing this is by the brain develops the fastest. copying their facial expressions and mimicking theL noises they make. You may find A young child's brain has developed 80% by they respond, and it turns into a game. the time they are three years old, and by Making eye contact wEhen talking and singing they are five years old, 90% and the first to them about the everyday things you are eight years build the foundation for future doing together is also an excellent form of learning, health and life success. communication.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Introduction | Page 6 Introduction Top tipEs for quality interactions with your baby within the first yeaXr Get close to them, let them see your face, get down to their level, even lie down to get eye contact, talk in a sing-song voice as baAbies respond well to this. Talk to your baby, even from the first day they are born, tell them what is happening and what you notice about them, they are listening and taking it all in. You are supporting their brain toM develop. Listen to them, leave spaces in your talk for them to respond, you are showing how to communicate, you may get a gurgle or a noise in those vital early days. Then yoPur child will babble to you and start to respond to your questions, even if it does not make sense! L Sing songs and rhythms. E peek-a boo or similar games.

Look and talk about picture books, it is never to early to share books and stories.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Introduction | Page 7 E X A M Post BPirth LE Post Birth Post Birth After birth support and Looking after your recoverEing from the wellbeing delivery X It is important to take care of your health and wellbeing after You are at home with your new baby, and it’s essential to be having your baby. By keeping a healthy lifestyle, positive aware of the services and support in Abu Dhabi. Become attitude, and a good social outlook can reflect on your children. familiar with the healthcare services that are Aavailable to you Treat your health as necessary as your child's. and your baby. You can get these from your midwife or attending doctor, and you can get home visits from many Having a new baby brings change, and these can affect the hospital midwives or hire postnatal . Mrelationships with your partner or other children. You may feel worried about the future and how you will cope. At six weeks, you should make an appointment to visit your attending doctor for a follow-up check-up. Be aware of Having an active and healthy lifestyle promotes physical and speaking to your doctor about any changes to your body or mental wellbeing. Taking your baby for a walkout in the buggy concerns if need be. by yPourself or with your partner is a good way of getting exercise and being social. However, please take into Top tips consideration the sun and heat. Covering your baby’s buggy to stop the exposure to the harmful UV rays will significantly increase the temLperature inside the stroller, possibly to levels You should check your baby regularly to make sure that could cause a baby to overheat. It is sensible to cover your they’re not getting too hot. stroller with an all-built in sunshade or a light, well-ventilated Once you’re in the shade, you should remove the E sunshade. stroller covering. A stationary stroller in the sun (covered or uncovered) seems to heat up to higher temperatures that one being pushed around.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Post Birth | Page 9 Post Birth Postnatal depression E Signs you may have postnatal depression

It can be a significant lifestyle change having a baby. The difference may feel ovXerwhelming, and you can have feelings of the baby blues and not feel like Have you lost all pleasure in yourself. activities that used to bring you A joy? Some women experience postnatal (also known as Are you more irritable than usual? postpartum), depression, and this can be common; up Are you having mood swings? to 1 in 10 women. It can occur in the first few weeks Are you feeling scared to be left post-birth or any time up to 6 to 12 months. M alone with your baby? Postnatal depression can present feelings of being Are you having anxiety or panic unable to cope, not wanting to keep in touch with attacks? friends or not wanting to leave the house. If you find Are you feeling worthless or guilty? these feelings are strong, and you are disinterested in P Are you lacking in energy and feel daily activities, you may be showing signs of postnatal tired all the time? depression. Are yLou having difficulty bonding If you think you might be depressed, please get help as with your baby? soon as possible and remember you are not alone and Are you findinEg it hard to it is not your fault. Up to 1 in 10 women experience it concentrate and make decisions? and the symptoms can last for a few months and range in severity; however, they can get worse if not treated.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Post Birth | Page 10 If you answer 'yes' to these questions, you should seek support from your health care provider, as help is available, and treatment will help with your feelings. The problem is unlikely to go away if you struggle on alone. E There are different shades and depths of postnatal depression. It can be scary and present differently for different people. X Treatment can range from self-help techniques, involving diet and exercise, psychological therapies such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (ACBT) or antidepressant medication. Postnatal depression does not mean that you are a bad mum.

Please remember: M

Postnatal depression is a treatable illness like any other. It can happen to anyone. It is not your fault. P You are not alone. It does heal. You are not going mad. L It is reassuring to know that most women make a full E recovery, with the right support and therapy.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Post Birth | Page 11 Post Birth The phyEsical appearance of your baby The action of being born and your baby being pushed through If your baby was overdue, the Vernix might already have the birth canal may result in mild swelling and bruising to your been absorbed in the womb, and their skin may be dry baby’s head. This is more commXon with forceps or ventouse and cracked. Do not use lotions as the dry skin will peel delivery, and your baby may also have bloodshot eyes. This off in a few days, leaving healthy skin underneath. should disappear in a few days. If you are worried, you can ask your health advisor. A It is common for newborn babies to have rashes and spots on their skin. However, if you notice a change in It is common for babies to have birthmarks. They can be pink or their behaviour; if your baby is unsettled, not feeding, red coloured, and these may fade or disappear. A form of feels hot or very sleepy, seek healthcare advice birthmark that is raised and red and resembles a "strawberrMy" immediately. (known as an infantile haemangioma)and may gradually get bigger. These take longer to disappear and usually do so The fontanelles are the soft spots are your baby's head. gradually over time. The one near the front on top of the head is where the bones have not fused yet and is in a diamond shape. Jaundice in newborn babies is a condition which causes PTowards the back of the head, there is another smaller yellowing of the skin and eyes due to pigments released when soft spot. These take about a year before they close old red blood cells break down. Mild jaundice may develop together. A thick membrane covers the fontanelles. It is when they are about three days old and usually fades after ten okay to wash your baby's head; however, be mindful of days. Babies that have jaundice in their first 24 hours and severe taking caLre and not apply pressure to the soft spots. jaundice needs to be checked by a healthcare professional straight away. is the name given to the yellowy brownish crusty flakes on youEr baby’s head. Picking the scales Your baby may be born with a white sticky substance known as increases the risk of infection, and they are best left to Vernix on their skin, and this is a protective moisturising barrier, clear up over a few months naturally. Gently wash your which helps protect from infection in the first few days. This baby’s head and use a soft brush or cloth to remove the should be left to absorb naturally. loose skin flakes.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Post Birth | Page 12 Post Birth RegisteEring the birth Registering your babXy’s birth needs to be done within a maximum of 30 days. To register the birth you will need your baby’s birth certificate which will be issued from the hospital/clinic where the babyA was born (if it’s a government one) or the concerned health authority (if it’s a private one) in the emirate of your residence. If you are not an Emirati national, you will need to follow the guidance from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. For up to datMe information, please visit www.mofaic.gov.ae. If you have your baby outside of the UAE, after obtaining a birth certificate countries authority, P the Ministry of Health of Prevention and Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International L Cooperation must attest the birth certificate. E

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Post Birth | Page 13 Post Birth BecomiEng a dad – life as a new dad

Becoming a dad will probably be one of the most significant events of your life. Starting a family and becoming parents is a beautiful experience and onXe that is life-changing. Fatherhood is an exciting time, but it can also feel daunting, especially for a first-time father as you transition into family life. There will be perfect moments and some not so perfect, you and your partner may go through a range of emotions such as joy, excitement and fear. A

A great way to start your life as a dad is to make the most of any time you have off work to get to know your baby. But if you’re going through the intense emotions – not to mention Mlack of sleep – that often come with a new baby, you might be wondering where to start and what to do. You might even be thinking your partner has it all covered and feeling unsure of what’s left for you to do. Anxieties and worries may stem from: P Feeling that you’re not doing enough. Question if you’re doing things right. Feeling like bonding is not instant. That’s okay and this will come L with time with each other and get to know one another. It's important to know that as a dad, you’re going to have E a huge impact on your child’s life and that impact starts now. Newborn babies come into the world ready to connect with both their parents.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Post Birth | Page 14 Post Birth ConnecEting with your baby From the very begXinning get Learn your baby’s signals involved Babies give signals to what they need through their One of the best things to do is to be there for each behaviour and body language. By really paying other and help each other with day toA day activities attention to your baby’s messages over time, you’ll by getting involved with the daily care routines of learn how to work out what your baby needs. your baby. These daily activities also create lots of one-on-one time with your baby that’s helps you M both bond together and form the building blocks of a Your baby might turn their head and look at you if positive relationship. they want attention. Your baby might reach out, coo, babble or squeal to get your attention. Connect through touch PYour baby might turn their head away if they need a break or a change of activity. Your baby might arch their back or cry if they Physical touch makes your baby feel safe and secure need a break. and builds trust and connection with you. This kind If your bLaby needs a break, try putting them on of bonding also stimulates your baby’s brain the floor to play or into a crib/cot if it’s sleep time. If your baby is yawning, rubbing their eyes or development. You could try carrying and holding jerking their arms oEr legs, these are tired signs. your baby as often as you can. If you hold your baby Older babies and toddlers might grizzle, cry and to your chest, they can hear your heartbeat. The skin demand attention. to skin contact in the ‘holding your baby section’ can Try giving your child some quiet time in their also be used for fathers. crib/cot to help with settling for sleep.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Post Birth | Page 15 Talk to your baby as often as you can

Talk while you’re carrying or changing your baby. For example, ‘Let’s get this diaper changed. That feels better, dEoesn’t it? Here’s a nice clean diaper. Don’t cry – we’ll be finished soon’. Every word baby hears helps develop his language and learning and strengthens your relationship with him. Telling stories, readingX books or singing songs has the same effect. A Post Birth Looking after yourself aMnd your relationship Help with breastfeeding P Breastmilk is the best food for your baby. Your support for breastfeeding can be vital while your partner is learning. You could give L practical support – a glass of water, another pillow or whatever she needs. Or if she’s E having trouble, you could encourage her to get help.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Post Birth | Page 16 Have some one-on-one time

This kind of time is about you and your baby. If you can create moments when your baby has your full attention,E you can tune in to your baby. This gives the two of you a chance to connect and bond. For example, it Xcan be as simple as making faces at each other while you dress your baby. Look after your relationshAip Having a new baby can put extra strain on your relationship with your partner. Try to stay positive and support each other as you learn how to parent together. Asking how your partner is going lets your partner know you care. Negotiating aMnd sharing expectations is good practice for later . This can be about everything from deciding on paid work arrangements to who cooks dinner. P Look after yourself L If you’re well, you’ll be better able to look after your baby and support your partner. You can E keep your energy up and as much sleep and rest as you can – even if it’s not at night.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Post Birth | Page 17 Post Birth BringinEg home your newborn Bringing your baby home for the first time is a special moment. The chances of you bringing home a calm and contented baby incXrease if you don't spend a lot of time at the hospital trying to dress your newborn in a complicated outfit that requires pushing and pulling your baby's arms and legs. A simple outfit like a baby grow is more suitable for thisA occasion. The most essential item for the car ride home is a proper . Federal traffic laws Minclude a fine and black points on your driving license for anyone driving with a child under the age of four who is not strapped into a car seat. Babies should be placed in a rear-facing car seat. See Pthe World Health Organisation's guidelines on car safety seats for children for more information.

Even for a shoLrt trip, it's never safe for one of you to hold your baby in your arms while the other drives. Your baby coulEd be pulled from your arms and thrown against the dashboard by a quick stop.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Post Birth | Page 18 E X A TakinMg Care of Your PBaby LE Taking Care of Your Baby As a guide Umbilical cord care Put one hand at the back or their head and E neck and put your other arm and hand under their body. Your midwife would have cut off and clamped the Now carefully lift your baby. umbilical cord shortly after tXhe birth. After about 7 days You can support their head and neck in the the umbilical cord should become dry, become darker in crook of your arm. colour and fall off. During this time, keep the cord clean Use a firm but gentle grip, as babies like to be and dry. Do not try to fiddle or pull the cord to come off. It held snuggly to feel safe. will fall off naturally. A You can also pick your baby up by putting your hands under their arms, using your Let your healthcare provider know if you notice any fingers to support the neck. bleeding, bad odour or discharge, or their skin M You can carry your baby by cradling them in temperature feels hot, as these could be signs of infection your arms, or by resting them against your and you baby will need medical attention. shoulder; turn their head turned to the side Pand place your hand on their back. Taking Care of Your Baby Babies like to be held snuggly, but not too tightly. By Holding your newborn letting others hoLld your baby, they will get used to it, and it'll help you in the long run. Show other people hold your baby correctly, then slowlEy and gently pass your baby from It may seem awkward holding your newborn at first. It is your arms to another person. Soothe and reassure your important always to support your baby’s head and neck baby when letting others hold them. Do not worry if they until their neck muscles are strong enough to support cry when held by other people; this is normal. It is okay to their own head. take your baby back if the crying continues.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Taking Care of Your Baby | Page 20 Taking Care of Your Baby BondinEg and soothing Skin to skin contact is the act of holding your baby with their bare skin exposed or when they are just wearing their diaper. SkXin to skin contact helps with your baby adjusting to life outside of the womb and can help with bonding and helps develop and close and loving relationship with your baby.

Holding your newborn soon after bAirth is an excellent time to initiate breastfeeding. Your baby's natural latching on and crawling reflexes will M be stimulated as it attaches to your breast.

Skin to skin contact can help your baby P to feel warm and calm and can also steady their breathing straight after giving birth. L

Fathers can also use skin to skin E contact when holding and cuddling their baby.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Taking Care of Your Baby | Page 21 Effective communication with your baby can strengthen your unique emotional relationship with them and support the bonding and attachment process. A secure attachment can be formed by you being responsive to your babies’ siEgnals and cues. Communicating through language and body language is vital in relationship building anXd is the foundation of relationships and bonding. Communication can be through play and interaction and supports your babies learning. Responding to your babies needs for feeling safe and loved, and having comfort and fooAd helps their brain develop and secures healthy connections. M By smiling and talking to your baby, as well as copying their facial expressions and the noises they make promotes good communication and supports bonding.

Soothe your baby by holding them close, making eye contacPt when talking and sing to them. Talk to them about the things you are doing togetherL. Trust your instincts and do not let your baby cry for prolonged periods. By responding to their needs and soothing them will help them feel safe and E secure.

Breastfeeding is a good way of bonding with and soothing your baby when they need comforting.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Taking Care of Your Baby | Page 22 Taking Care of Your Baby SleepinEg routines Generally, newborn babies sleep more than they are Between 6-12 months, your baby may wake awake; however, their sleeXping patterns vary. during the night with teething pain, or through hunger. Babies do not always sleep through the night as they do not know the difference between nAight and day Your baby needs to have a safe sleeping and it is important that babies have regular environment, where they are not too hot and not nourishment as they grow quickly so wake during the too cold. Avoid pillows, stuffed animals and toys night for feeds and contact. in their crib/cot and lay them down to sleep on M their backs with their feet at the end of their Your baby may spend crib, to avoid sliding down and suffocating.

Sleep is a developmental process. Keep things dark and calm at night and keep stimulation to a Between 14-17 hours of sleeping in 24 P minimum, so your baby learns the difference hours when 0-3 months. between night and day. Between 12-16 hours of sleeping when they are 4-11 months. L Try to establish a regular sleep routine every day. If your baby enjoys a bath, this could be part of the routineE. The need for night-time feeds may decrease as your baby grows between 3-6 months, and they could You can try to catch up on your sleep during the sleep for 8 hours or longer at night, or not at all. day while your baby is sleeping.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Taking Care of Your Baby | Page 23 Taking Care of Your Baby Crying E Crying is your baby’s waXy of letting you know they are uncomfortable or need something. Your baby may cry when A They are hungry. They just need a cuddle. They are too hot. They have wind and need burping. They are too cold. MThey have colic (typically late afternoon/early Their nappy is wet or dirty. evening).

It can be distressingP to hear your baby cry. If you are having trouble coping with their crying, make sure they are safely in their baby crib and leave the room fLor a few minutes, for you to calm down. Seek support from your partner, family or friends and ask for tips on ways to soothe your baby. E If your babies crying changes to very high pitched or they whimper and your instincts tell you something is wrong, your baby might be unwell so seek medical advice.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Taking Care of Your Baby | Page 24 Taking Care of Your Baby DiaperiEng (changing their diaper) As a guide, your baby will need frequent diaper changes which could be from 8-12 Change their diaper either on their changing table or on times a day. Your baby may have six wet and two soft yellow stools a day. the floor. It is important the area is safe and that your baby This means your baby is well hydraXted and getting enough milk. can not roll and fall off.

For babies with very delicate skin, their diaper needs changing as soon as they wet Never leave your baby alone if they are on a changing themselves, as their skin becomes sore and red. Nappy rash is a common table. occurrence and is caused by your baby’s skin beinAg in contact with their wet nappy. It will appear as red spots or blotches and may cause discomfort to your baby. Clean the area whether their diaper is just wet or if it is soiled. A good skincare routine such as changing your baby’s diaper more often and If your baby’s diaper is dirty, use the nappy to wiping and pat drying the area gently without rubbing should helpM. Wearing a clean off most of the poo from their bottom diaper all the time makes nappy rash more likely. If the room is warm, let your baby Use the cotton wool and plain warm water (or lie on the changing mat without a diaper on for a while. You can use a specific baby wipes) to clean the area. barrier cream or medicated cream, available from your pharmacist, to help with any Clean the diaper area gently but thoroughly soreness and speed the healing process. Speak to your healthcare provider if you being careful to clean the inside the folds of are worried. P skin. Girls should be cleaned by wiping front to Get everything ready that you will need, including back to avoid getting germs into their vagina. Clean around the boy's testicles and penis. There is no need to pull back their foreskin if A changing mat. L they have not been circumcised. A bowl of warm water. You can talk and sing to your baby while Cotton wool or fragrance-free wipes. you're changing them as this helps you bond Any medicated or barrier creams for nappy rash. E and helps their development. A clean vest or clothes. When changing their diaper and it is A clean diaper. particularly soiled, try not to show any Remember to wash your hands before and after you change disgust as your baby may learn that doing a their diaper. poo is something unpleasant.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Taking Care of Your Baby | Page 25 Taking Care of Your Baby Baby baEthing After the first few days, it is best to bathe your baby in plain water for the first month, and mild non-perfumed soap can be used if needed. Cleansers, mXedicated wipes and lotions should be avoided. This is to protect the thin layer of skin, which will mature and form its own protective barrier during the first month. It may not be necessary to bathe your baAby every day, however, if they enjoy it, it is fine to do so. Start by getting cotton wool, towels and a bowl or bath of warm (not hot) water ready.

M Do not ever leave your baby alone in the Remove their clothes and leave on their diaper. bath, not even for a second due to the You can place your baby on your knee and wash their face as possibility of them drowning. described in the top and tail wash. You can then wash their hair and head by holding them in one arm over the bowl, making sure to support their head. P Using a clean towel, dry gently dry their hair. Then remove their diaper and clean away any mess. Use one hand to hold their upper arm and your arm to support L their head and shoulders gently lower your baby into the bowl or bath, keep their head out of the water and using your other hand; gently swish the water over their body. E Pat your baby dry, again making sure the folds in their skin are dry and then put on a clean diaper and clothes.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Taking Care of Your Baby | Page 26 E X A YourM Baby's HealPth LE Your Baby's Health ConstipEation Constipation causes difficulty for your baby to have a poo. Signs of constipation may be X shown when your baby In the first week of life, babies may do averagely four poos a day. This can go to averagely two a day at around 1 year A Has fewer than three poos old. in a week. Has hard, dry and round Breastfed newborns may poo at each feed in the early M little poos. weeks. After about six weeks, they may not have a poo for Finds it hard to poo. several days. Some babies may strain or even cry when Has a hard stomach. doing a poo. P Is less hungry. Don’t worry if they haven’t pooed for a few days, as long as their poos are soft they are not constipated. L Your baby’s poo will change as over the months, and this is normal. However, if their poo becomes very smelly, very watery or harder (mainly if there's blood in them), you shEould talk to your doctor or health visitor.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Your Baby's Health | Page 28 Your Baby's Health DiarrhoEea, vomiting and dehydration If your baby becomes suddenly sick, it could be Signs of dehydration are caused by a virus or gXastroenteritis (an infection which comes with diarrhoea and sometimes sickness). Diapers that are less wet than Diarrhoea is when your baby hasA frequent and usual. loose/watery stools. A dry mouth. No tears when crying. Sickness and diarrhoea can be caused by common Sunken eyes. M Sunken fontanelle (soft spot bugs and passed on easily. Use good hand hygiene on top of their head is more when changing their diapers, when feeding and use dipped than usual). clean towels. Changing responsiveness; P irritable and drowsy. If your baby has sickness and diarrhoea, try to keep Pale or mottled skin. them hydrated. Dehydration can cause your baby to Cold fingers or toes. become unwell. L

Offer your baby your breast and breastfeed on demand to keep them hydErated. If you are concerned or your baby is unwell for more than 24 hours, talk to your doctor or pharmacist.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Your Baby's Health | Page 29 Your Baby's Health If your baby does have a fever

Illness and fever Look out for signs of dehydration (reduced wet E diapers, dry mouth, sunken eyes, no tears, sunken fontanelle (soft spot on top of their head is more A fever is part of the body’s natural response to dipped than usual). infections such as commoXn childhood illnesses Offer your breast to feed. like coughs and colds and tonsillitis. Keep the room at a comfortable temperature Vaccinations may cause your baby to have a around 18C. high temperature. Make sure they do not have too many clothes and A blankets. Check on your child regularly when they are A baby’s average body temperature is around sleeping. 36.4C. A high temperature or fever is 38C or Keep them at home. more. M Give sugar-free paracetamol (if over two months). Get medical advice from your doctor or If your baby is under three months and has a pharmacist if you're worried, need advice, or if fever, contact your doctor. Pthey are not improving after 48 hours. If you suspect a fever, feel your baby to see if they are L Hotter than usual on their forehead, back or tummy. E Sweaty or clammy. Or do they have red cheeks.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Your Baby's Health | Page 30 Contact your doctor if

• Their temperature is persistently 38C or more. • The feverE is accompanied by a rash. • They are having breathing trouble. • They are interactingX less and are drowsy. A Do not

Do not undress your child or sponMge them with cold water.

Do not cover them up in too many clothes or bedclothes. P

Do not give paracetamol to a child under two L months. E Do not give ibuprofen to a baby under three months or under 5kg or if they have asthma.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Your Baby's Health | Page 31 Your Baby's Health AllergieEs An allergy occurs when your body has a reaction to things such as milk, food, insect bites, house dust mites and pollensX. The symptoms of an allergy can be mild, moderate or severe.

If your baby has an allergy, their face and lips may swell or itch and become flAushed. They may develop a rash or hives or blisters and have vomiting. M In severe allergy, they may have difficulty breathing and start wheezing. They may become cold or clammy and lose P consciousness.

This is a medical emergency and immediate L treatment should be sought. E Seek advice from your doctor if you are concerned about allergies.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Your Baby's Health | Page 32 Your Baby's Health CoughsE, colds, asthma and breathing Frequent coughs and colds may make your baby grumpy and interfere with their usual breathing pattern. Bronchiolitis is a respiratoXry tract infection that affects babies and has symptoms similar to a cough and cold. If your baby has bronchiolitis, the cough will be persistent and they will have noisy breathing and have some difficulty breathing. The symptoms should cleaAr up after a few days. If you are concerned, contact your doctor. If your baby is repeatedly coughing, has wheezing and gets these symptoms worse at night, it could be they have asthma. Asthma has many causes and can be mild or severe. Colds and allergies can trigger asthma. Other triggers include pets, smoke and dust. Do not put soft toys in your babies sleeping area if they show signs of asthma. Speak to your doctor if you think your baby has asthma Mas treatment may be advised along with an asthma action plan.

If your baby is having severe trouble with breathing, this is a medical emergency and seek immediate treatment. Signs to look forP would be

Their breathing looks Llike hard work. They are breathing faster. They are sucking in their ribs and tummy when breathing. Their chest appears to be cavinEg in. They are paler than usual. They become drowsy and floppy.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Your Baby's Health | Page 33 Your Baby's Health EczemaE If your baby has red patches of scaly skin, they could have eczema. It is dry and itcXhy and most common on the face, forehead, behind the ears, creases of the neck, elbows and knees.

Babies typically grow out of eczemAa but talk to your doctor if you’re concerned.

Some fabrics, such as wool and nylon can irritMate your babies skin. You can try helping your baby's eczema by P Gently smoothing an unperfumed moisturiser to the sore area several time’s a day. Do not rub it in. Keeping your babies room at a cool temperature. If they get hot and sLweaty, it can irritate their eczema. Speaking to your doctor about steroid creams which can help eczema. Using cotton clothing and bedsheets. Avoiding and identifying anything that irritates their skin. It could be a soap poEwder, animals and cigarette smoke. Avoiding soaps and bubble baths as these can dry or irritate the skin.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Your Baby's Health | Page 34 The UAE Government mandates vaccination Your Baby's Health schedule Vaccinations E BCG: Bacillus, Calmette-Guerin (against tuberculosis). DPT: Diphtheria, Pertussis and Tetanus. Your baby will have the BCG vaccine to DTaP: Diphtheria, Tetanus, and acellular Pertussis. protect from tuberculoXsis shortly after Hep B: Hepatitis B. Hexavalent: DTaP, Hib, Hep B and IPV. birth, alongside the first dose of HBV – Hib: Haemophilus Influenzae Type B. the Hepatitis B vaccine. This will be IPV: Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine. given in the hospital. A MMR: Measles, Mumps and Rubella. OPV: Oral Poliovirus Vaccine. PCV: Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine. Your vaccination card given to you by Pentavalent: DPT, Hib and Hep B. MTdap: Tetanus, reduced Diphtheria and reduced Pertussis. your health provider will be your guide for all vaccinations needed. It is important for your baby’s health and health insurance requirements that P vaccinations are given with the required time frame and should not be delayed. L Protect their health with vaccinations. E See the Childhood Immunisation Schedule on the next page.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Your Baby's Health | Page 35 Your Baby's Health ChildhoEod Immunisation Schedule X

Immunisation After BiArth 2 Months 4 Months 6 Months 12 Months

BCG M

Hep B t n e l t t a n n v e e l l Hib a t a a n v v a a P e x x P DTaP / DPT / Tdap e (DTap) e (DTap) (DPT) H H OPV / IPV (IPV) (IPVL) (OPV) PCV E MMR

Varicella

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Your Baby's Health | Page 36 E X A M BreastfePeding LE Breastfeeding About BEreastfeeding Breastfeeding is mandatory until your baby is 18 months old under The Child Rights Law. Breastfeeding helps babies strive and survive and gives them the nutrients and hydration they need. It supports healthy brain and mental development and protects your baby against infections such as earX and chest infections and gastroenteritis (diarrhoea and vomiting).

As well as helping to protect against infections, gives your baby less chance of getting allergic diseases such as asthma and eczema. A Breastfeeding is more than just giving your baby milk and is a good way for you and your baby to bond and to get to know each other. Early initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth is reMcommended. This is when the colostrum, the thick yellow coloured fluid, will be produced from your . The colostrum is highly concentrated and starts the process of protecting your baby. They may only need a teaspoonful amount per feed. After the concentrated colostrum that is produced in the first few days has been used, your milk may come in 2 to 4 days after the birth and your breasts may become fuller. There are services that offer breastfeeding support as well as lactation consPultants, which mostly operate free of charge. Speak to your midwife or healthcare provider to contact these.

Women who have had caesarean sections should still be able to have skin to skin contact and breastfeed after birth. If your baby has been in special care or if skin to skin contact has been postponed after delivery, you willL still be able to bond and breastfeed your baby. Your midwife may help you express your breast milk until your baby wants to feed.

Babies are born with a reflex action that makes them automatically know how to suck. Your baby wEill learn how to breathe while feeding in their first few days. Babies will open their mouth if their top lip is stroked and will turn towards a teat or if it is brushed on their cheek. Before getting ready to breastfeed, make sure you are comfortable with pillows and cushions if needed, try to relax your arms, and stay hydrated by having a glass of water.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Breastfeeding | Page 38 Top tips Baby-led feeding is the process where you let your baby feed as much as it wants by responding to its needs Your baby may show signs of being hungry be being restless, turning their head and opening their mouths, sucking their fingers or by making murmuring sounds. Try to keEep your baby’s head and neck in a straight line to enable At first, your baby may want to feed hourly, and your baby will decide ease of swallowing. when it has had enough. The amount of milk you produce may depend Hold your baby cloXse to you and on your baby sucking and stimulating your milk production. You may support their neck, shoulders and feel like you are continually feeding at first, however, gradually your back. baby will get into its own pattern, and the amount of milk you produce Your baby should be well attached will settle down as your milk becomes more mature. The amount of to the breast when feeding. To Ado milk you produce will increase or decrease depending on your babies this, encourage your baby to open needs and as your baby feeds for longer feeds. their mouth wide and to have a large mouthful of breast. Some babies may want to feed 12 times or more in 24 hours. You may Mwant to feed them when your breasts feel full. Your babies chin should be touching your breast, with their You may experience a tingling sensation in your breasts while feeding. lower lip rolled down, ensuring This is normal. As your baby sucks, the let-down reflex is stimulated, their nose is not squashed on your which allows the muscles in your breasts to squeeze the milk to your breast. . WhenP your milk lets-down, your baby will respond by You should be able to see more of replacing their first quick sucks into longer sucks as they swallow the the brown of your nipple milk. Your baby may pause to allow more milk to be let down after the above your babies’ top lip, then first quick sucks while moLre milk is delivered to the nipple. If your below their bottom lip. breasts leak milk, wear breast pads and change them regularly to You need to be discreet while prevent infection. feeding your child in public by E covering yourself with protective It may take you and your baby a while to get the hang of breastfeeding gear such as a scarf or a stole. as you both learn the skill together as breastfeeding takes practice. It may take a while to see which feeding and winding positions feel the most comfortable for you both.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Breastfeeding | Page 39 Breastfeeding Breast pEain You may experience when feeding your baby. Ensure to wear a non-restricting well-fitting breastfeeding bra and try can putting waXrm flannels on your breasts to relieve tenderness and pain. Pain and tenderness can be from a variety of reasons, which we'll cover the most common reasons below. Cracked nipples A Sore or cracked nipples happen when your baby is not positioned or attached properly. If one or both of your nipples are sore or bleed ask for help from your mMidwife as having sore nipples whilst breastfeeding a new baby can be frustrating and upsetting. Your midwife will be able to help you position your baby properly and check your baby is effectively attached, ensuring your nipple is P positioned in your babies mouth properly and is at the soft pallet at the back of their mouth. L If your nipples are sore, you can try expressing milk by hand or a . Dabbing a bit of expressed milk on your nipples after feeding can help with the dry and E soreness. Ask from help from your midwife if your nipples are sore or bleeding, as this can lead thrush or an infection.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Breastfeeding | Page 40 Thrush

Thrush infections can also develop if either you or your baby has had a course of antibiotics, as antibiotics can decrease the nuEmber of helpful bacteria in the body and allow the candida fungus that causes thrush to flourish. If you have a thrush infection in your breasts, the pain can be quite severe and can last for up to an hour after every feed. You may have pain iXn both nipples or breasts after feeds, having previously had no pain after feeding. You may notice thrush in your babies mouth. They will have creamy white spots or patches on the tongue, gums, roof of the mouth or insides of the chAeeks that won’t come off if you gently wiped. Also look for if your baby showing restlessness when feeding, has a white film on their lips or a nappy rash that won't clear up. M If you suspect your baby has thrush, seek medical advice Because the infection can quickly spread between you and your baby, you for treatment. You may be will both need to be treated at the same time. Thrush can also spread to given a cream that can be other people in your houPsehold. applied to your nipples. Make sure to wash your hands after diaper changes. Use separate towels Make sure you thoroughly to help prevent the thrush from spreading. Be careful also to wash and wash your hands after using sterilise any dummies or toys your baby puts in their mouth. Wash your breastfeeding bras at a hLigh temperature and change your the cream to prevent it from spreading. The symptoms breast pads frequently during treatment. should show signs When expressing breast milk while you have tEhrush, give the milk to your baby while you're still having treatment. If you freeze and use it, the improvement 2-3 days after thrush may come back at a later date. starting treatment.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Breastfeeding | Page 41

If your breasts become red, hot and painful, you may have a common condition in breastfeeding women called mastitis, which Eis inflammation in your breasts. Mastitis can be caused by a build-up of milk or by blocked milk ducts if the milk is not draining properly. If you feel you have a blocked milk dXuct, deal with the symptom promptly to avoid getting mastitis which can lead to infection. It may also be caused by your baby nAot latching on properly. Signs of mastitis also include having a hard lump in the breast, burning pain and nipple discharge. You may also feel generally unwell; have achy flu-like feelings, high temperature and tiredness.

It is fine to carry on breastfeeding if you have masMtitis and encourage your baby to feed from the affected breast as it can help to unblock the milk duct.

Help relieve the pain of mastitis by If you do not feel better within 12 to 24 hours of Pgetting mastitis, despite continuing to breastfeed, or you start to feel worse, please see Taking pain killer medication such as paracetamol your healthcare provider who may prescribe or ibuprofen (seek advice from healthcare antibiotic medication to deal with the infection. professional or pharmacist). L

Drinking plenty of fluids and rest. If a mastitis infection is left untreated, it can lead Massaging your breasts by stroking from the lumpy to an abscess formEing which may have to be or sore area towards your nipple. This will help the surgically drained. milk to flow and to break down any blockages.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Breastfeeding | Page 42 Engorgement

If your breasts get too full of milk they can get engorged and become hard, tight and painful.

Engorgement is cEommon in the first few days when you and your baby are still getting used to breastfeeding, and your body is adjusting to supply milk to match your baby's needs.

Your breasts may also becomXe engorged when your baby starts weaning, and the amount of milk they require reduces or if your baby has not fed for a while. You could try expressing a little breast mAilk by hand to help relieve the pressure and discomfort. Do not express too much milk as it may lead to producing more milk. Oversupply M If your breasts get too full of milk they can get engorged and become hard, tight Top tips and painful. Engorgement is common in the first few days when you and your baby aPre still Try feeding your baby getting used to breastfeeding, and your body is adjusting to supply milk to match before they are really your baby's needs. hungry or when they are sleepy. Your breasts may also become engorged when your baby starts weaning, and the L Try switching breasts amount of milk they require reduces or if your baby has not fed for a while. when your baby looks Esatisfied and follow your You could try expressing a little breast milk by hand to help relieve the pressure and babies cues. discomfort. Do not express too much milk as it may lead to producing more milk. Feeding while reclining can help slow the milk Be careful not to express too much milk as although this can be useful sometimes if flow. done too much, it can lead to oversupply problems.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Breastfeeding | Page 43 Breastfeeding GettingE enough milk You may get concerned your baby is not getting enough milk, and it may take a while for you to feel confident with this. X A good indication they are getting enough is them producing diapers that are wet and dirty. As a guide, they should have six wet nappies a day and two soAft yellow stools a day. It is also reassuring to hear your baby swallow while feeding and that their mouth looks moist after feeds. See if your baby looks Mcalm and satisfied after their feed and your breasts feel softer.

Check that your baby is not falling asleep before getting to the deep swallowing stage. If so, check they are attached to your breast correctlyP. You may need help from your midwife with this. Breastfeeding at night encourages the hormone prolactin to build up your milk supply. Seek fLurther advice from your midwife if you are worried your baby is not getting enough milk. Using a dummy can decrease your milk supply. E It may be that you want to express some milk along with breastfeeding.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Breastfeeding | Page 44 Breastfeeding Wind anEd colic In the first few months, your baby may cry suddenly and often if they have wind or colic. Colic is caused by your baby swallowing air which becomXes trapped gas. It is uncomfortable but is common in happy and healthy babies and not usually serious.

You may notice your baby continuously cries more in the early evening when colic is more common. Other signs are if your baby clenches their fists, draws their legAs to their chest.

Colic usually improves on its own, and you can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for medicine which may help with the pain. M After feeding always wind or burp your baby. To wind your baby, sit them upright, supporting their head by holding under their chin, or hold them against your shoulder and gently rub their back until they burp. They may vomit a small amount while winding.

It is common for your baby to be sick in the early weeks as they get usePd to feeding. Small amounts are called posseting. If your baby vomits large amounts, it can frighten your baby, and they may cry. L Gastric reflux is where acid from their stomach comes up and causes them to be sick more often or with large amounts. E If your baby becomes suddenly sick, it could be caused by a virus or gastroenteritis, which is an infection which comes with diarrhoea. If you are concerned or their vomiting has green stained bile or lasts more than a day, seek advice from your healthcare provider.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Breastfeeding | Page 45 Breastfeeding ExpressEing milk Hand expressing milk Top tips encourages milk to fXlow from a part of your breast Start by washing your hands. and can be useful if you A Massage your breasts to encourage milk flow. have a blocked milk duct or With one hand cup your breast and with the other if your breasts are form a “C” shape with your thumb and forefinger. engorged. Make sure you MGently squeeze the breast, then release the have a sterilised bottle or pressure, avoiding the brown areola and nipple container to catch the milk area. Carrying on doing this in a rhythmic motion and avoid sliding your fingers over your skin. This flow. should noPt be painful. When the milk drips out, catch in the bottle or The UAE Labour Law has container. guidelines for in place for If no milk flows, chaLnge the position of your breastfeeding thumb and forefinger and try again. Do the same on both breastEs until the milk slows who have gone back to down or stops flowing. work and need to express their milk.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Breastfeeding | Page 46 Breastfeeding Diet anEd breastfeeding You may feel hungrier while breastfeeding as it may increase your need for extra calories. Be mindful to eat a variedX healthy diet containing vitamin D which can be found in oily fish, egg yolks, fortified breakfast cereals and mushrooms.

Drink plenty or water to keep hyAdrated and avoid caffeine found in food and drinks such as tea, coffee, cola and chocolate as it can be passed to your M baby and make them restless. Alcohol can also be passed to your baby through your breast milk and can seriously be P damaging to their development.

If you are required to take prescribed L medication, make your healthcare provider aware you are breastfeeding E and follow the advice.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Breastfeeding | Page 47 Breastfeeding WeaninEg your baby Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of your baby’s life will optimise their chances of fighting illness and infection, sucXh as gastrointestinal infections. Breast milk is the most important source of nutrients and energy in children aged betweAen 6-23 months. It can provide half of their energy needs between six and twelve months. It also reduces your risk of ovarian and breast cancer. M At the age of six months, your baby's need for energy and nutrients exceeds what can be given by breast milk alone, P and your baby is developmentally ready for other foods. L This stage is known as complementary feeding. Complementary foods are E necessary to meet your baby’s needs. You should follow your babies signs of hunger and encourage them to eat.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Breastfeeding | Page 48 Complementary foods should be

Timely: that they are introduced when the need for energy and nutrients exceeds what can be provided Eby breastfeeding alone. Adequate: that they provide sufficient energy and protein. Safe: that they are hygienically stored and prepared. Properly fed: that tXhey are given when your child shows signals of appetite and that meal frequency and feeding are sAuitable for their age. As a complementary feeding guide

On-demand breastfeeding can M continue until two years old. Start at six months with small amounts of food and increase as they get older. Slowly increase food consistency and P variety. A baby of 6-8 months can have 2-3 meals a day. L A baby of 9-23 months can have 3-4 meals per day with 1-2 snacks as E required. Increase fluid intake during illness as well as increasing breastfeeding.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Breastfeeding | Page 49 E X A GrowMth and DevelopPment LE Growth and Development About gErowth and development You will notice your baby change rapidly during the first year of their life, and you will cherish all the key milestones theXy reach, from their first word to their first steps. Within the first few days or weeks, your baby will be using all their senses and can recognise your unique voices and smells. They can grip your finger with their hands and toes and can also make stepping movements when held upright. After the first two wAeeks, you may notice your baby's eyes following your face. As your baby's eyesight and vision develop over the first months, they will mimic your face as their focus improves. They may follow objects ifM they are held near.

Growth and Development P Your newborn's growth L Babies lose some weight in the first few days post-birth, and this is normal. During their first two weeks, your baby will be E weighed to make sure they're regaining their . Babies are usually weighed the same as their birth weight by two weeks.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Growth and Development | Page 51 Growth and Development DomainEs of development There are four interrelated domains of development that form the basis of your child’s growth and learning through theirX life. A M Cognitive Physical P

Social L Language emotional E

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Growth and Development | Page 52 The physical domain covers the development of physical changes, growing in size and strength. The development of both the larger physical skills like sitting and standing to walking and running. The smaller physical skills, such as holding objects and being able to hold a pen to write and buttoning theEir clothes. Physical development also includes the development of the five senses, seeing, hearing, touchXing, smelling and tasting. The cognitive domain includes intellectual development and creativity. Within the first year, your baby will begin to develop the ability to process thoughts, pay attention, develop memories and start to make sense of their surrAoundings.

The social emotional domain includes the growth of your child’s understanding and controlling their emotions. Your newborn will developM attachments to you as their parents with the first three months. Still, they will also form attachments with people who they have regular contacts with, such as grandparents and other caregivers. Over time they will learn how to interact with them. As they grow older, they will also identify what others are feeling and develop the ability to cooperate, show empathy, and use moral reasoning. P Language development depends on other developmental domainLs. The ability to communicate with others grows from infancy. Aspects of language include phonology (creating the sounds of speech), syntax (grammar - how sentences are put together), semantics (Ewhat words mean), and pragmatics (communicating in social situations both verbally and non-verbally). Children develop these abilities at different rates.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Growth and Development | Page 53 Growth and Development DevelopEment indicators from birth to 1 year How your child plays, learns, speaks and moves offer incredible insight into their development. You will notice how quickly your baby picks upX new skills during their first year. But it is important to remember that children develop at their own rates, and in their own ways. For example, one child may start to walk at nine months and another child after they are 12 months old, and this falls within the normal development range. There are development indicators that are universally accepted to help Ayou understand how your child will grow and learn. Newborn M Physical indicators – movement

Makes reflex movements like sucking and grasping your finger. Has jerky, uncontrolled arm and leg movements. P Cognitive indicators – learning and communicating

Learns about things by feel, sound sight and smell. L Begins to repeat movements to help brain growth and memory. E Social emotional indicators – feelings and relationships

Starts being comforted by their parents. Begins getting attached to their parents.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Growth and Development | Page 54 By three months By five months

Physical indEicators Physical indicators Props up on arms when on the belly. Reaches for and grabs objects. Hold head up unsupported for a short time. Rocks on tummy; may be able to roll from Follows an object withX eyes from one side to the tummy to back. middle, but not all the way around. Puts weight on legs when feet are flat on the floor. Cognitive indicators A Moves things from hand to hand. Starts paying attention to and recognising faces. Cognitive indicators Recognises familiar people at a distance. M Shows signs of boredom (fussiness) when doing Is curious about things out of reach and looks one thing too long. at new things. Uses eyes and hands together and plans, such as Explores stuff by putting them in mouth. seeing a toy and reaching for it. PResponds to the conversation by making Social emotional indicators sounds. Recognises and responds to own name. Smiles spontaneously. L Social emotional indicators Likes to play with people. Coos and babbles. Starts to recognEise and react to strangers. Responds to love and affection. Tries to get caregivers to play (sticks out Shows happiness and sadness. tongue, pats toys, etc.). May imitate facial expressions. Has different cries for different needs (hungry/tired).

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Growth and Development | Page 55 By seven months By nine months

Physical indEicators Physical indicators Rolls from back to tummy and tummy to back. Gets into and out of a sitting position. Sits without support. Starts scooting, creeping or crawling. Does “push-ups” and sXtarts trying to move forward. May stand with support. Picks up small objects using thumb and Cognitive and language indicators fingers (pincer grasp). A Follows a falling object with eyes. Practices turn-taking when “talking” with Looks for a hidden object, but only if he sees caregivers you hide it. Jabbers with vowel sound combinations (eh, aMh, Plays peekaboo and patty-cake. oh) and starts using sounds like b and m. Starts to understand no. Starts testing cause and effect, such as seeing Makes vowel-consonant sounds (mama, what happens when shaking a toy. baba). Points and copies other gestures. Social emotional indicators P Social emotional indicators Is interested in looking in the mirror. Uses sounds to express happiness, sadness and BeginsL having stranger anxiety. anger. May be upset when separated from caregivers. Has favourite obEjects or toys.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Growth and Development | Page 56 By one-year

Physical indEicators Creeps on hands and knees supporting trunk on hands and knees. Gets from sitting to crawling or prone (lying on stomach) position. Gets to sitting positionX without assistance. Crawls forward on belly by pulling with arms and pushing with legs. Assumes hands-and-knees position. Pulls self up to stand. A Walks holding on to furniture. Stands momentarily without support. May walk two or three steps without support. M Language indicators

Pays increasing attention to speech. Responds to simple verbal requests. P Responds to “no”. Uses simple gestures, such as shaking head for “no”. Babbles with inflection. L Says “dada” and “mama”. Uses exclamations, such as “oh-oh!”. E Tries to imitate word.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Growth and Development | Page 57 Social emotional indicators

Shy or anxious with strangers. Cries when mother or father leaves. Enjoys imitaEting people in play. Shows specific preferences for certain people and toys. Tests parental responsXes to their actions during feedings (what do you do when he refuses a food?). Tests parental responses to their behaviour (what do you do if he cries after you leave the room?). May be fearful in some situations. Prefers mother and/or regular caregiver over all others. Repeats sounds or gestures for atAtention. Finger-feeds theirselves. Extends arm or leg to help when being dresseMd. Growth and Development P Seeking growth and development aLdvice Tell your child's doctor or nurse if you notice your Doesn’t crawl or stand when supported. child is not showing these development signs by the Doesn’t search for things that they sees you hide or age of one year. However, do not worry as there may point to things. E be a simple reason why your child is not showing Doesn’t say single words like “mama” or “dada”. Doesn’t learn gestures like waving or shaking head. these skills and your doctor will be able to offer you Loses skills they once had. advice and guidance.

Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority | Newborn Baby Parent Guide | Growth and Development | Page 58 E X A M P LE ConEtact Us X +9712 668 8A686 [email protected] M Saif Ghobash Street, Al KhPazna, Building 2, 4th Floor, Abu Dhabi LE

The Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority (ECA) is a government entity, based in Abu Dhabi, that supports holistic early childhood development. We do this by developing policies and laws, informing decision-making through research and transforming behavior.