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The Functional Parasitic Worm Secretome: Mapping the Place of Onchocerca Volvulus Excretory Secretory Products
pathogens Review The Functional Parasitic Worm Secretome: Mapping the Place of Onchocerca volvulus Excretory Secretory Products Luc Vanhamme 1,*, Jacob Souopgui 1 , Stephen Ghogomu 2 and Ferdinand Ngale Njume 1,2 1 Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue des Professeurs Jeener et Brachet 12, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium; [email protected] (J.S.); [email protected] (F.N.N.) 2 Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Biotechnology Unit, University of Buea, Buea P.O Box 63, Cameroon; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 28 October 2020; Accepted: 18 November 2020; Published: 23 November 2020 Abstract: Nematodes constitute a very successful phylum, especially in terms of parasitism. Inside their mammalian hosts, parasitic nematodes mainly dwell in the digestive tract (geohelminths) or in the vascular system (filariae). One of their main characteristics is their long sojourn inside the body where they are accessible to the immune system. Several strategies are used by parasites in order to counteract the immune attacks. One of them is the expression of molecules interfering with the function of the immune system. Excretory-secretory products (ESPs) pertain to this category. This is, however, not their only biological function, as they seem also involved in other mechanisms such as pathogenicity or parasitic cycle (molting, for example). Wewill mainly focus on filariae ESPs with an emphasis on data available regarding Onchocerca volvulus, but we will also refer to a few relevant/illustrative examples related to other worm categories when necessary (geohelminth nematodes, trematodes or cestodes). -
Whatyourdrmaynottellyouabou
What Your Doctor May Not Tell You About Parasites First published in Great Britain in 2015 by Health For The People Ltd. Tel: 0800 310 21 21 [email protected] www.hompes-method.com www.h-pylori-symptoms.com Copyright © 2015 David Hompes, Health For The People Ltd. David Hompes asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publishers. HEALTH DISCLAIMER The information in this book is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease, nor should it replace a one-to-one relationship with your physician. You should always seek consultation with a qualified medical practitioner before commencing any protocol contained herein. This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed upon the subsequent purchaser. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data. 2 What Your Doctor May Not Tell You About Parasites Contents Introduction 5-13 1 What is a Parasite? 14-26 2 Where are Parasites to be found? 27-33 3 Why doesn’t the Medical System fully acknowledge 34-38 Parasites? 4 How on earth do you acquire Parasites? -
CDN Battle of Vimy Ridge.Pdf
Bataille de Vimy-E.qxp 1/2/07 11:37 AM Page 1 Bataille de Vimy-E.qxp 1/2/07 11:37 AM Page 2 Bataille de Vimy-E.qxp 1/2/07 11:37 AM Page 3 BRERETON GREENHOUS STEPHEN J. HARRIS Canada and the BATTLE OF VIMY RIDGE 9-12 April 1917 Bataille de Vimy-E.qxp 1/2/07 11:37 AM Page 4 Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Greenhous, Brereton, 1929- Stephen J. Harris, 1948- Canada and the Battle of Vimy Ridge, 9-12 April 1917 Issued also in French under title: Le Canada et la Bataille de Vimy 9-12 avril 1917. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-660-16883-9 DSS cat. no. D2-90/1992E-1 2nd ed. 2007 1.Vimy Ridge, Battle of, 1917. 2.World War, 1914-1918 — Campaigns — France. 3. Canada. Canadian Army — History — World War, 1914-1918. 4.World War, 1914-1918 — Canada. I. Harris, Stephen John. II. Canada. Dept. of National Defence. Directorate of History. III. Title. IV.Title: Canada and the Battle of Vimy Ridge, 9-12 April 1917. D545.V5G73 1997 940.4’31 C97-980068-4 Cet ouvrage a été publié simultanément en français sous le titre de : Le Canada et la Bataille de Vimy, 9-12 avril 1917 ISBN 0-660-93654-2 Project Coordinator: Serge Bernier Reproduced by Directorate of History and Heritage, National Defence Headquarters Jacket: Drawing by Stéphane Geoffrion from a painting by Kenneth Forbes, 1892-1980 Canadian Artillery in Action Original Design and Production Art Global 384 Laurier Ave.West Montréal, Québec Canada H2V 2K7 Printed and bound in Canada All rights reserved. -
Annual Report 2000
Annual Report 2000 Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health in association with 2 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE AUSTRALIAN LONGITUINAL STUDY ON WOMEN’S HEALTH, 2000 Contents Director’s Report ..................................................................................................................................................................4 Investigators .........................................................................................................................................................................5 Associate Investigators 2000 ................................................................................................................................................6 Students ...............................................................................................................................................................................6 Staff ......................................................................................................................................................................................7 What is Women’s Health Australia? .....................................................................................................................................8 Research Highlights 2000................................................................................................................................................... 11 Completed Research Theses 2000 ....................................................................................................................................14 -
Interaction and Perception in Anglo-German Armies: 1689-1815
Interaction and Perception in Anglo-German Armies: 1689-1815 Mark Wishon Ph.D. Thesis, 2011 Department of History University College London Gower Street London 1 I, Mark Wishon confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 ABSTRACT Throughout the ‘long eighteenth century’ Britain was heavily reliant upon soldiers from states within the Holy Roman Empire to augment British forces during times of war, especially in the repeated conflicts with Bourbon, Revolutionary, and Napoleonic France. The disparity in populations between these two rival powers, and the British public’s reluctance to maintain a large standing army, made this external source of manpower of crucial importance. Whereas the majority of these forces were acting in the capacity of allies, ‘auxiliary’ forces were hired as well, and from the mid-century onwards, a small but steadily increasing number of German men would serve within British regiments or distinct formations referred to as ‘Foreign Corps’. Employing or allying with these troops would result in these Anglo- German armies operating not only on the European continent but in the American Colonies, Caribbean and within the British Isles as well. Within these multinational coalitions, soldiers would encounter and interact with one another in a variety of professional and informal venues, and many participants recorded their opinions of these foreign ‘brother-soldiers’ in journals, private correspondence, or memoirs. These commentaries are an invaluable source for understanding how individual Briton’s viewed some of their most valued and consistent allies – discussions that are just as insightful as comparisons made with their French enemies. -
Introduction: Phylum Nematoda
INTRODUCTION: PHYLUM NEMATODA Outline: I. General morphology and physiology of nematodes. A. Movement by sinusoidal (“S” shaped) undulation requiring elevated pressure of fluid in body cavity or pseudocoelom. 1. Greater than external atmospheric pressure. 2. Keeps worm rigid until muscles (longitudinal) contract to bend it. a. muscles extend from hypodermal lateral cords. b. muscles form dorsal and ventral fields. c. muscles innervated from dorsal and ventral cords. 3. Nerve function essential to life: target of many anthelmintics. B. Feeding requires ingestion at anterior end and forcing nutrient into collapsed intestine. 1. Buccal cavity with or without teeth. 2. Esophagus of various configurations. a. rhabditiform b. strongyliform c. filariform d. stichosome esophagus or trichurid 3. Intestine 4. Anus or cloaca near posterior end. C. Excretion at mid ventral pore near anterior end. 1. Excretory glands 2. Excretory ducts running in lateral cords D. Reproduction - for almost all species of nematodes only sexual replication. 1. Males smaller than females. a. males have prominent to vestigial copulatory bursa - often characteristic of genus. b. male copulatory spicules are cuticular folds of the cloaca used to open the vulva of the female - also characteristic of genus. c. testis, seminal vesicle and vas deferens are one long continuous tube ending at the ejaculatory duct in the cloaca. 2. Females also have a tubular reproductive tract that is usually composed of two branches. a. Ovary, oviduct, uterus and vagina make up a continuous tube that opens to the outside at the vulva on the ventral surface near posterior or anterior ends or at midbody. b. Eggs in the uterus are released to the outside through the vulva. -
Disseminated Strongyloidiasis in an Immunocompromised Host: a Case Report
Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017; 7(6): 587–590 587 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/apjtb Case report http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.05.004 Disseminated strongyloidiasis in an immunocompromised host: A case report Nurul Suhaiza Hassanudin1, Zubaidah Abdul Wahab1, Khalid Ibrahim2, Fadzilah Mohd Nor3,4* 1Microbiology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Sg. Buloh, 47100, Sg. Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia 2Director Office, Hospital Sg. Buloh, 47100, Sg. Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia 3Microbiology Discipline, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sg. Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sg. Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia 4Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Level 7, FF3, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Infections caused by Strongyloides stercoralis (S. stercoralis) in human are generally Received 28 Oct 2016 asymptomatic, however in immunocompromised individual, hyperinfection may develop Accepted 12 Feb 2017 with dissemination of larvae to extra-intestinal organs. The diagnosis could be easily Available online 25 May 2017 missed due to asymptomatic presentation and insufficient exposure towards the infection itself, which may lead to low index of suspicion as a consequence. In this report, a case of a Malaysian male with underlying diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cerebrovascular ac- Keywords: cident, bullous pemphigus and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion Disseminated strongyloidiasis who initially complained of generalized body weakness and poor appetite without any Immunocompromised host history suggestive of sepsis is presented. However, he developed septicemic shock later, Hyperinfection and S. stercoralis larvae was incidentally found in the tracheal aspirate that was sent to Strongyloides stercoralis look for acid fast bacilli. -
Japanese Reflections on World War II and the American Occupation Japanese Reflections on World War II and the American Occupation Asian History
3 ASIAN HISTORY Porter & Porter and the American Occupation II War World on Reflections Japanese Edgar A. Porter and Ran Ying Porter Japanese Reflections on World War II and the American Occupation Japanese Reflections on World War II and the American Occupation Asian History The aim of the series is to offer a forum for writers of monographs and occasionally anthologies on Asian history. The Asian History series focuses on cultural and historical studies of politics and intellectual ideas and crosscuts the disciplines of history, political science, sociology and cultural studies. Series Editor Hans Hägerdal, Linnaeus University, Sweden Editorial Board Members Roger Greatrex, Lund University Angela Schottenhammer, University of Salzburg Deborah Sutton, Lancaster University David Henley, Leiden University Japanese Reflections on World War II and the American Occupation Edgar A. Porter and Ran Ying Porter Amsterdam University Press Cover illustration: 1938 Propaganda poster “Good Friends in Three Countries” celebrating the Anti-Comintern Pact Cover design: Coördesign, Leiden Lay-out: Crius Group, Hulshout Amsterdam University Press English-language titles are distributed in the US and Canada by the University of Chicago Press. isbn 978 94 6298 259 8 e-isbn 978 90 4853 263 6 doi 10.5117/9789462982598 nur 692 © Edgar A. Porter & Ran Ying Porter / Amsterdam University Press B.V., Amsterdam 2017 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the written permission of both the copyright owner and the author of the book. -
Methods in Infectious Disease Epidemiology
1 P A R T Methods in Infectious Disease Epidemiology 1 95337_CH01_001–018.indd 1 2/1/13 11:56 PM 95337_CH01_001–018.indd 2 2/1/13 11:56 PM CHAPTER 1 Early History of Infectious Disease: Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases Kenrad E. Nelson and Carolyn Masters Williams INTRODUCTION wrong theories or knowledge has hindered advances in understanding, one can also cite examples of Epidemics of infectious diseases have been docu- great creativity when scientists have successfully mented throughout history. In ancient Greece and pursued their theories beyond the knowledge of Egypt, accounts describe epidemics of smallpox, the time. leprosy, tuberculosis, meningococcal infections, and diphtheria. 1 The morbidity and mortality of in- fectious diseases profoundly shaped politics, com- THE ERA OF PLAGUES merce, and culture. In epidemics, no one was spared. Smallpox likely disfigured and killed Ramses V in The sheer magnitude and mortality of early epidemics 1157 BCE, although his mummy has a significant are difficult to imagine. Medicine and religion both head wound as well. 2 At times, political upheavals strove to console the sick and dying. However, before exacerbated the spread of disease. The Spartan wars advances in the underlying science of health, medi- caused massive dislocation of Greeks into Athens, cine lacked effective tools, and religious explana tions triggering the epidemic of 430–427 BCE that killed for disease dominated. As early communities con- up to half of the population of ancient Athens. 3 solidated people more closely, severe epidemics of Thucydides’ vivid descriptions of this epidemic make plague, smallpox, and syphilis occurred. -
The Biology of Strongyloides Spp.* Mark E
The biology of Strongyloides spp.* Mark E. Viney1§ and James B. Lok2 1School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK 2Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6008, USA Table of Contents 1. Strongyloides is a genus of parasitic nematodes ............................................................................. 1 2. Strongyloides infection of humans ............................................................................................... 2 3. Strongyloides in the wild ...........................................................................................................2 4. Phylogeny, morphology and taxonomy ........................................................................................ 4 5. The life-cycle ..........................................................................................................................6 6. Sex determination and genetics of the life-cycle ............................................................................. 8 7. Controlling the life-cycle ........................................................................................................... 9 8. Maintaining the life-cycle ........................................................................................................ 10 9. The parasitic phase of the life-cycle ........................................................................................... 10 10. Life-cycle plasticity ............................................................................................................. -
A Guide to Our Commemorative Banners
A Guide to Our Commemorative Banners Royal Canadian Legion General Alexander Ross Branch #77 Yorkton SK Canada Index of Veterans Acoose, Fred ............................................ 4 Miller, John ............................................ 24 Alexson, Victor J. ...................................... 4 Mogor, Sidney ........................................ 25 Arnold, George ......................................... 5 Morley, Allan C. ...................................... 25 Austman, Walter C. .................................. 5 Morrison, Ewen ...................................... 26 Bischop, Russell ........................................ 6 Morrison, Finlay A. ................................. 26 Bode, Rudolf ............................................. 6 Muir, W. Ron .......................................... 27 Bodnaryk, Fred ......................................... 7 O'Soup, Glen .......................................... 27 Borys, Steven ........................................... 7 Palmer, Mitchell G.J. .............................. 28 Bretherton, Nicholas ................................ 8 Palmer, Michael H.J. .............................. 28 Brown, Gordon L. ..................................... 8 Parr, W.J.W. (Jack) ................................. 29 Bryan, Ronald ........................................... 9 Pelly, Joseph Sr. ...................................... 29 Bucsis, Raymond ...................................... 9 Printz, George W. ................................... 30 Bunzenmeyer, Randy ............................ -
The Medical Journal of Australia
CONFERENCE REPORT Mars and Venus: does gender matter in ageing? Julie E Byles, Matthew Carroll and the Mars and Venus Writing Team Gender is more than just a variable to be controlled for in statistical analyses oes ageing affect men and women equally? If not, how focused on loss of men’s work roles, older women’s double might differences affect research — and subsequently disadvantage from age and gender inequality, and on a “paradigm Dclinical practice? To answer this and related questions, the of competitive suffering”. In contrast, this conference aimed for Mars and Venus: Does Gender Matter in Ageing? conference was greater balance in considering how gender influences the health convened by the University of Newcastle’s Research Centre for and wellbeing of men and women as they age. Gender, Health and Ageing, in association with the Australian This theme was reflected in the proffered papers and work- AssociationThe Medical of Gerontology Journal of andAustralia the Healthy ISSN: 0025- Ageing Theme of the shops. Papers explored age and gender issues such as living Australian Research Council/National Health and Medical arrangements; health and engagement for older men; gender bias 729X 3 March 2008 188 5 271-273 1 Research©The Council Medical (NHMRC) Journal Researchof Australia Network 2008 in Ageing Well. in health service programs; retirement issues; and current research The 2-daywww.mja.com.au conference, held in Newcastle in July 2007, featured on gender differences, including results from the Household, longitudinalConference studies report of ageing that have given specific attention to Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) study and the health of men or the health of women, and introduced an Melbourne Longitudinal Studies of Healthy Ageing (MELSHA).