Contested Power in Ethiopia African Social Studies Series
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Contested Power in Ethiopia African Social Studies Series Editorial Board Martin R. Doornbos, Institute of Social Studies the Hague Carola Lentz, University of Mainz John Lonsdale, University of Cambridge VOLUME 27 Th e titles published in this series are listed at www.brill.nl/afss Contested Power in Ethiopia Traditional Authorities and Multi-Party Elections Edited By Kjetil Tronvoll Tobias Hagmann LEIDEN • BOSTON 2012 Th is book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Contested power in Ethiopia : traditional authorities and multi-party elections / edited by Kjetil Tronvoll, Tobias Hagmann. p. cm. -- (African social studies series ; v. 27) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-21843-7 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Ethiopia--Politics and government--1991- 2. Political parties--Ethiopia. 3. Elections--Ethiopia. 4. Power (Social sciences)--Ethiopia. I. Tronvoll, Kjetil. II. Hagmann, Tobias. III. Series: African social studies series ; v. 27. JQ3768.C67 2012 324.963’0721--dc23 2011036718 ISSN 1568-1203 ISBN 978 90 04 21843 7 E-ISBN 978 90 04 21849 9 Copyright 2012 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, Th e Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to Th e Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. CONTENTS List of Maps, Photographs, Tables and Charts ......................................vii Notes on Contributors ...............................................................................ix List of Acronyms .........................................................................................xi Introduction Traditional Authorities and Multi-Party Elections in Ethiopia ...............................................................................1 Kjetil Tronvoll & Tobias Hagmann Chapter 1 Electoral Politics in the Nuer Cultural Context .................31 Dereje Feyissa Chapter 2 Fishing for Votes in the Somali Region: Clan Elders, Bureaucrats and Party Politics in the 2005 Elections ............................................................................61 Tobias Hagmann Chapter 3 Family Connections: Inherited Status and Parliamentary Elections in Dawro, Southern Ethiopia ....................89 Data Dea Barata Chapter 4 A Revival of Tradition? Th e Power of Clans and Social Strata in the Wolayta Elections ......................................111 Lovise Aalen Chapter 5 Cynicism and Hope: Urban Youth and Relations of Power During the 2005 Ethiopian Elections .............137 Daniel Mains Chapter 6 Islam and Politics: Th e EPRDF, the 2005 Elections and Muslim Institutions in Bale .......................................165 Terje Østebø Chapter 7 ‘We Say they are Neft enya; Th ey Say we are OLF’: A Post-Election Assessment of Ethnicity, Politics and Age-Sets in Oromiya ...................................193 Charles Schaefer vi contents Chapter 8 Customary Institutions in Contemporary Politics in Borana Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia .....................................221 Marco Bassi Chapter 9 Th e 2005 Elections in Maale: A Reassertion of Traditional Authority or the Extension of a Nascent Public Sphere? ......................................................................251 Donald L. Donham Epilogue Th e ‘New’ Ethiopia: Changing Discourses of Democracy ......................................................................................269 Kjetil Tronvoll Index .........................................................................................................289 LIST OF MAPS, PHOTOGRAPHS, TABLES AND CHARTS Maps 1 Administrative map of Ethiopia with regional capitals and fi eld research sites ..........................................................................xii 2 Borana and Areero provinces, Sidamo Region (1991) and main localities mentioned in the text ...........................228 3 Approximate area of displacement of the Borana from 1991 in Liiban Zone and other territories administered by the Somali Regional State..............................................................230 Photographs 1 Pamphlet ‘If we don’t mix, the ending will soon come’ ..................131 2 Emperor Haile Selassie visiting the shrine of Sheikh Hussein in 1964 ...................................................................................171 Tables 1.1 Election results from Laare polling station .....................................49 3.1 Candidates for the House of Peoples’ Representatives in three constituencies of Dawro zone ............................................98 3.2 Results of Forms 8 and 7 for Lomma Bossa constituency, Dawro zone, SNNPR .................................................98 6.1 Results of the 2005 national election in Bale ................................166 8.1 Election results in Borana Zone .....................................................240 8.2 Election results in Guji Zone ..........................................................241 9.1 Election results in Bunata, Koibe and Bala kebeles ..................... 259 Charts 1.1 Nuer genealogy ...................................................................................39 1.2 cieng Cany segments ..........................................................................44 1.3 Th iang divisions .................................................................................56 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS Lovise Aalen, Ph.D. in political science from the University of Oslo (2008), is a senior researcher at the Chr. Michelsen Institute in Norway. She researches democratisation, ethnic confl ict and governance in the Horn of Africa and is the author of Th e Politics of Ethnicity in Ethiopia (Brill, 2011). Data Dea Barata, Ph.D. from the University of Bergen (2003), is Assistant Professor of Anthropology at California State University, Sacramento. He has published on a broad range of contemporary social issues in Ethiopia and his latest book is Rural Livelihoods and Social Stratifi cation among the Dawro, Southern Ethiopia (Addis Ababa University, 2008). Marco Bassi, Ph.D. (1992) is a research associate at the University of Oxford and a former adjunct Professor of Anthropology at the University of Bologna. He is the author of Decisions in the Shade: Political and Juridical Processes among the Oromo-Borana (Red Sea Press, 2005). Donald L. Donham, Ph.D. in anthropology from Stanford University (1979), is currently Professor of Anthropology at the University of California, Davis. His latest book is Violence in a Time of Liberation: Ethnicity and Murder at a South African Gold Mine, 1994 (Duke University Press, 2011). Dereje Feyissa, Ph.D in anthropology from the Martin Luther University in Halle-Wittenberg (2003), is currently a Humboldt Fellow at Bayreuth University. He is the author of Playing Diff erent Games: Th e Paradox of Anywaa and Nuer Identifi cation Strategies in the Gambella Region, Ethiopia (Berghahn, 2011). Tobias Hagmann, Ph.D. in public administration from the University of Lausanne (2007), is a visiting scholar at the University of California, Berkeley. He has published on local and state politics in East Africa and is co-editor of Negotiating Statehood: Dynamics of Power and Domination in Africa (Wiley Blackwell, 2011). x notes on contributors Daniel Mains, Ph.D. in anthropology from Emory University (2007) is Wick Cary Assistant Professor of Honors at the University of Oklahoma, Norman. He is the author of Hope is Cut: Youth, Unemployment, and Th e Future in Urban Ethiopia (Temple University Press, 2012). Terje Østebø, Ph.D. from Stockholm University (2009), is Assistant Professor at the Center for African Studies and the Department of Religion, University of Florida. He has published extensively on Islam in Ethiopia, including Localising Salafi sm: Religious Change among Oromo Muslims in Bale, Ethiopia (Brill, 2011). Charles Schaefer, Ph.D. in African history from University of Chicago (1990), is Associate Professor of History and Chair of the International Studies Department at Valparaiso University. He is co- editor of Th e Red Terror Trials: Transitional Justice Challenged (James Currey, 2009). Kjetil Tronvoll, Ph.D. in political anthropology from LSE (2003), is Professor of Human Rights at the University of Oslo and a senior part- ner of the International Law and Policy Institute. He has published extensively on the Horn of Africa, most recently War and the Politics of Identity in Ethiopia (James Currey, 2009). LIST OF ACRONYMS AAPO All Amhara People’s Organisation Party AEUP All Ethiopian Unity Party ANDM Amhara National Democratic Movement APDO Anywaa People’s Democratic Organisation BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BESS Bethel Evangelical Secondary School CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CSA Central Statistical Agency CUD Coalition for Unity and Democracy DAG Development Assistance Group DWPDM Dil Wabi People’s Democratic Movement ECSC Ethiopian Civil Service College EHRCO Ethiopian Human Rights Council EIASC Ethiopian Islamic Aff airs Supreme Council ENDF Ethiopian