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LNG, LPG and GTL Plants Industrial Gases and Cryogenic Applications LNG, LPG and GTL plants Industrial gases and cryogenic applications Moss Maritime LNG Carrier H.D. Simon V12 SAMSON AG MESS- UND REGELTECHNIK Weismüllerstraße 3 60314 Frankfurt am Main Germany 2007-10-29/V 1.7 100 years – a flourishing company In its 100-year-long history, SAMSON has played an important role as an inventor, pioneer, and mediator in the development and manufacturing of instrumentation and control technology. Copyright © 2007 SAMSON AG ● All rights reserved. Brand names, trade names and trade marks mentioned in the reference application may be brand names without special identification and are thus subject to legal rules and regulations. All nationally and internationally known brand names are herewith acknowledged as such. SAMSON AG can not be held liable for any misuse, misappropriation or violations of patents or third party rights resulting from such misuse and probable consequences. Neither SAMSON AG, nor the author and translator of this document can be held liable in any shape or form for any errors or omissions that may have occurred during the diligent preparation of texts, charts, illustrations, etc. SAMSON AG can not be held liable for the illegal distribution, copying, misuse or other actions that violate the rights of the copyright owner(s). SAMSON AG • MESS- UND REGELTECHNIK • Weismüllerstraße 3 • 60314 Frankfurt am Main • Germany Phone: +49 69 4009-0 • Fax: +49 69 4009-1507 • E-mail: [email protected] • Internet: http://www.samson.de V12 / Si Vers. 1.7 2007 October 29 Page 2 of 163 Table of contents Page 1. SAMSON-GROUP 10 2. The gas trade grows increasingly significantly 11 2.1 Projected annual growth in demand 2000 to 2020 12 2.2 Global Gas production by region 12 2.3 Proved Gas Reserves – Middle East – Russia – Asia Pacific 13 3. LNG Export and Import 14 3.1 LNG-Liquefaction-Plant, Export-Terminal 15 3.2 LNG-Regasification-Import-Terminal 15 4. Recovering oil or gas at great depths 16 Floating storage and off-loading (FSO) or Floating production storage and offloading 4.1 16 (FPSO) 4.2 Floating LNG Production and Regasification 17 4.2.1. The Floating and Regasification Unit (FRU) Concept 17 4.3 The Floating Storage and Regasification Unit (FSRU) Concept 18 5. Liquefied Natural Gas or Liquefied Petroleum Gas - a crucial difference? 19 5.1 Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) 19 5.2 Liquefied natural gas (LNG) 19 6. What is LNG? 19 6.1 Natural Gas Composition 19 6.2 Where does LNG come from? 20 6.3 Is LNG flammable? 20 6.4 Is LNG explosive? 20 6.5 LNG production block scheme 20 6.6 The basic single flow LNG process comprises 21 6.7 The advanced single flow LNG process comprises 21 6.8 MFC® (Mixed Fluid Cascade) process 22 7. What countries import LNG? 23 7.1 Where is LNG import terminals located in the United States? 23 8. Which countries export LNG? 23 SAMSON Offshore reference: New modules installed on the Sakhalin II Molikpaq Tie- 8.1 24 In offshore project 8.2 This list of natural gas fields includes major fields of the past and present. 25 8.3 The greatest gas fields of the world sorted on size. 26 SAMSON AG • MESS- UND REGELTECHNIK • Weismüllerstraße 3 • 60314 Frankfurt am Main • Germany Phone: +49 69 4009-0 • Fax: +49 69 4009-1507 • E-mail: [email protected] • Internet: http://www.samson.de V12 / Si Vers. 1.7 2007 October 29 Page 3 of 163 Table of contents Page 8.4 2004 LNG Exporters 26 8.5 2004 LNG IMPORTERS 27 8.6 LNG LIQUEFACTION FACILITIES - WORLDWIDE (August 2005) 27-28 9. LNG REGASIFICATION - IMPORT TERMINALS, WORLDWIDE 29-30 (August 2005) 10. How is LNG transported? 31 LNG carriers come in two forms: Moss tankers with spherical reservoirs and 10.1 31 membrane tankers. 10.2 250,000 cubic meters of LNG per carrier 32 11. Floating Storage Production and Regasification components. 33 11.1 Process Flow-scheme of Boil-off Re-liquefaction Unit 33 11.2 A single packaged reliquefaction has the following major components: 34 11.2.1. Boil Off Compressor 34 11.2.2. Nitrogen Expander/Compressor Unit 34 11.2.3. Cryogenic Plate-fin Heat Exchanger 35 11.2.4. Piping and Ancillaries. 35 11.2.5. BOG Collector System 35 11.3 Heat exchangers, a key component of natural gas plants. 36-37 11.4 The Cold Box 38 11.4.1. The benefits of this type of cold box are evident 38 11.5 For example: Linde H2/CO separation plant with a coldbox 39 11.6 For example: H2 CO plant with condensation process in Mai Liao, Taiwan 40 11.7 SAMSON Cryogenic Valve Type 3248 41 11.8 SAMSON Cold box reference: SAMSON Valve installation near to cold box 42 11.9 SAMSON reference: Air separation unit in Isfahan, Iran 43 11.10 SAMSON reference: Air separation unit for company Schott in Mainz, Germany 44 SAMSON reference: Air separation unit of company Messer Griesheim, Hanau, 11.11 45 Germany 11.12 SAMSON reference: Air separation unit of Air Products in Ghent, Belgium 46 11.13 For example: Space 47 SAMSON reference: The following companies install the Cryogenic Valve 11.14 48 Type 3248 in your plants. 11.15 SAMSON control valves 49 11.15.1. SAMSON valve Series 240 49 SAMSON Control valve Type 3241-9 DWA for PSA plants (Pressure Swing 11.15.2. 50 Adsorption) 11.15.3. Ten good reasons to choose the Type 3241 Control Valve 51-52 SAMSON AG • MESS- UND REGELTECHNIK • Weismüllerstraße 3 • 60314 Frankfurt am Main • Germany Phone: +49 69 4009-0 • Fax: +49 69 4009-1507 • E-mail: [email protected] • Internet: http://www.samson.de V12 / Si Vers. 1.7 2007 October 29 Page 4 of 163 Table of contents Page 11.16 SAMSON valve Series 250 53 11.17 SAMSON’s gas handling 54 11.18 SAMSON’s handling with liquids 54 Copy of the AIR LIQUIDE Certificate for the Cryogenic test with the SAMSON 11.19 55 Types 3241, 3251 and 3254 11.20 SAMSON’s Bellows seal: Sealed for life 56 11.21 SAMSON Positioners completely integrated 57 11.22 SAMSON reference: A pipeline with five Natural Gas Metering Stations 58 11.23 SAMSON reference: PT PERTAMINA EP Jambi, Sengeti, Jambi, Indonesia 59 12. SAMSON Self-operated Pressure Regulators for special applications 60 SAMSON Self-operated equipment for cryogenic media application example 12.1 61 (schematic drawing) 13. How is LNG stored? 62 13.1 How is natural gas stored? 62 13.2 Tank monitoring and remote data transmission with SAMSON Media 6 63 14. How is LNG used? 64 14.1 Why use LNG? 64 14.2 Typically Natural Gas is used as: 64 15. What is a Rapid Phase Transition? 65 16. What is a "peak-shaving" facility? 65 17. What about security? 65 18. SAMSON FSO and LPG reference: Bayu-Undan gas recycle project 66 18.1 Floating storage and off-loading (FSO) 67 18.1.1. LPG Gas Handling System for a Condensate / LPG - FSO 68 18.2 BOG Reliquefaction Unit 69 18.3 Refrigeration System 70 18.4 Instrumentation and Controls 70-71 18.5 Inertgas system 72 18.6 The project data of the Bayu-Undan gas recycle project FSO are: 73 18.7 One of the largest mooring FSO systems in the world 73 The following SAMSON control valves with accessories were installed in the FSO 18.8 74-77 Bayu-Undan gas recycling project: SAMSON AG • MESS- UND REGELTECHNIK • Weismüllerstraße 3 • 60314 Frankfurt am Main • Germany Phone: +49 69 4009-0 • Fax: +49 69 4009-1507 • E-mail: [email protected] • Internet: http://www.samson.de V12 / Si Vers. 1.7 2007 October 29 Page 5 of 163 Table of contents Page 19. SAMSON reference: FPSO- and LNG- Project 78 19.1 North West Shelf Project Interests 79 19.2 SAMSON FPSO reference: COSSACK PIONEER Refurbishing FPSO- Project 80-82 19.3 SAMSON LNG reference: KARRATHA- Project, Western Australia 82 Extract of the control valves which were delivered by SAMSON for the FPSO 19.4 83 and LNG plant: 19.5 SAMSON FPSO reference: „AOKA MIZU“ 84-85 19.6 SAMSON FPSO reference: ”SMART 1” 86-88 19.7 SAMSON FPSO reference: “BERGE CARMEN” 89 19.8 SAMSON FPSO reference: “CUULONG MV9” 90 19.9 SAMSON FPSO reference: “STYBARROW VENTURE MV16” 91-92 19.10 SAMSON FSRU reference: “GOLAR SPIRIT” LNG to FSRU conversion project 93-94 19.11 Worldwide Distribution of FPSO’s 94 19.12 SAMSON reference: FPO-, FPSO-, FSRU-, and LNG- Projects 95 19.13 Ship Classification 96 SAMSON reference: It follows an extract of Gas Carriers, which are fitted with 97 19.14 SAMSON products 103 20. GAS processing plants 104 20.1 Partial condensation processes Liquid methane washes 104 20.2 Liquid nitrogen washes 104 20.3 Separation of hydrogen and LPG from refinery fuel gas 104 20.4 Purge gas separation 104 20.5 Rare gas processing 104 20.6 Carbon dioxide liquefaction 104 20.7 Physical and chemical washes 104 20.8 RECTISOL® wash 105 21. Gas production industries produces gas using various technologies: 106 21.1 This is air 106 21.2 Industrial gases – components for synthesis processes 106 21.3 Oxygen (O2) 107 21.3.1. Reactions with oxygen 107 21.3.2. Oxygen improving economy and reducing the investment costs 108 21.3.3. Oxidation processes using oxygen 108 21.4 Nitrogen (N2) 109 21.4.1. Multi-Industry Uses: 109 21.5 Rare or noble gases 109 21.5.1.
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