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Histopathologic Report of Infestation by Centrocestus Formosanus in Iranian Grass Carp and Common Carp

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Histopathologic Report of Infestation by Centrocestus Formosanus in Iranian Grass Carp and Common Carp Archive of SID Case Report DOI: 10.22067/veterinary.v9i1.62662Received: 2017-Feb-17 Accepted aft er revision: 2017-Jun-15 Published online: 2017-Aug 30 Histopathologic report of infestation by Centrocestus formosanus in Iranian grass carp and common carp a b c b Annahita Rezaie, Zahra Tulaby Dezfuly, Mehrzad Mesbah, Amin Ranjbar a Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran b Department of Aquatic Animals Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran c Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Keywords Abbreviations Centrocestus formosanus, grass carp, common C. formosanus: Centrocestus formosanus carp, histopathology H&E: Hematoxylin and Eosin Abstract Flukes cause severe and lethal diseases in various animals comprising fi sh. Both adult and larval stages are found in fi sh. Centrocestiasis is an in- fection of the fi sh gills by heterophyid trematode Centrocestus formosanus. In summer 2014, 35 fi n- gerling grass carp and 30 common carp weight of 6 grams were referred to the veterinary hospital of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. In the wet mount of the skin, mild infection of trichodina was observed. Wet mount of grass carp gills re- vealed large number of parasitic cysts between gill fi laments. Th e cysts were quite clear and contained pear-shaped parasites. In histopathological exam- ination, fi laments of gill were thick and distorted. According to the wet mount and histopathologic results, metacercariae was chracterised to belong to heterophyidae, C. formosanus. Corresponding author: IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Annahita Rezaie Department of Pathobiology, Tel: +98 51 3880 3742 Fax: +98 51 3876 3852 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Web: ijvst.um.ac.ir Email: [email protected] Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Email: [email protected] 49 IJVST 2017; VOLUME 9; NUMBER 1 Rezaie/Tulaby Dezfuly/Mesbah/ Ranjbar www.SID.ir Archive of SID Introduction Wet mount of the skin and gills were prepared and studied by light microscopy. Centrocestiasis is an infection of the fi sh gills All fi sh samples submitted for histopathology by heterophyid trematode Centrocestus formosa- were fi xed in 10% buff ered formalin. Th e gill tis- nus which has been described in 1924 from adult sues were processed routinely, embedded in paraf- parasites recovered from natural and experimental fi n, sectioned, stained with Hematoxylin and Eo- defi nitive hosts in Taiwan [19]. sin (H & E), and examined using light microscopy C. formosanus is an exotic parasite native to [13]. Asia that has been introduced into warm water In the wet mount of the skin, mild infestation systems around the world. Th is digenean requires of trichodina was observed. Wet mount of grass three separate hosts to complete its complex lifecy- carp gills revealed large number of parasitic cysts cle. Snail, oft en red-rim melania Melanoides tuber- between gill fi laments. Th e parasitic cysts in wet culatus, is the first intermediate host that utilizes mount of common carp gills were low. Infected the gills of various fishes as second intermediate gill filaments appeared shortened, thickened and host [3]. Th e cycle is completed when a fi sh infect- severely damaged. A clear layer of tissue was ob- ed with metacercariae is eaten by a defi nitive host, served surrounding the cyst. Also, fusions of the piscivorous birds or fi sh-eating mammals. In the filaments were observed. digestive tract of defi nitive hosts, the adult trem- Th e cysts were quite clear and contained pear- atode develops [5]. It appears that this parasite shaped parasites with rapid movements (Figure 1). has a low intraspecifi c variability since no marked An X-shaped excretory bladder was seen (Figure morphological and biometrical diff erences among 2A). Also, they had 32 circumoral spines around worms from the diff erent zoogeographical areas the oral sucker which were arranged in two rows were observed [24]. Metacercarial infection in fi sh is with the sub- sequent economic loss. Metacercariae may aff ect growth and survival, or disfi gure fi sh so that they lose their market cost as a food or ornamental product [10]. Metacercariae have been described from brackish and marine waters in some countries in Asia, particularly from South Korea [2, 7, 25]. Mood et al. (2010) reported Centrocestus formosa- nus metacercarial infection in the gills of diff erent ornamental fish species including Dwarf gourami (Colisalalia), Goldfish (Carassius auratus), Red fin shark (Labeo erythrurus) and Arowana (Osteoglos- Figure 1 sum bicirrhosum) from Iran. Also, Shoaibi Omrani Wet mount of grass carp gill infected with metacercariae of et al. (2010) reported the infection with Ascocotyle C. formosanus. Note diff erent cysts which are located in the tenuicollis in the imported platy fi sh in Iran. fi laments (Arrows). Th e aim of this report was to present clinico- (Figure 2B). pathologic description of Heterophyidae metacer- Histopathologically, fi laments of gill were carial Centrocestus formosanus infection in the gill thick, distorted, and also they were multifocal. of cyprinids in Iran. Th is area was composed of proliferated cartilage Case description and sections of parasite in the center (Figure 3A, B). Th ese metacercarial cysts completely disrupt- In summer 2014, 35 fi ngerling grass carp ed the normal gill morphology. According to wet and 30 common carp with an average weight of 6 mount and histopathologic results, metacercariae grams were referred to the veterinary hospital of was characterized to be C. formosanus. Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Depart- ment of Aquatic Animals Health. Th e clear clinical Discussion symptom was mouth breathing. According to the Unlike the majority of the digeneans, C. for- owner’s statements, the fi sh had high mortality. Gill infestation by Centrocestus formosanus IJVST 2017; VOLUME 9; NUMBER 1 50 www.SID.ir Archive of SID Figure 2 Wet mount of grass carp gill. Metacercariae of C. formosanus. A: Note the X-shaped excretory vesicles (black arrow) and oral sucker (red arrow). B: Spines are located in two rows. mosanus causes morbidity and mortality in many Th ien et al. (2007) found that severity of me- wild and cultured fish [24]. Th e cercariae of C. for- tacercarial infection was signifi cantly correlated mosanus are highly pathogenic to piscine hosts be- with the smaller body weights in common carp, so cause they encyst in the gills and cause respiratory that small fi sh have a higher prevalence of meta- problems, however this trematode is not highly cercarial infection than larger fi sh [29]. Th e fi nger- pathogenic in mammals, they can cause intestinal lings are more susceptible to trematodes infection. pain, diarrhea, and chronic enterocolitis in man, Th is is may be due to their relatively thin skin, or death in experimental animals if heavily infect- lack of previous contact to infection [12], less gill ed [11]. surface area, thus, requiring fewer metacercariae A massive metacercariae infestation of gill to cause greater disruption of respiratory process, with C. formosanus was the cause of farmed Cich- and having slower defense response than larger lid fi sh’s mortalities [23]. Lauckner (1984) showed fi sh [14]. Diff erences in the age-related quantity or that only a metacercariae of digenean trematode structure of biochemical compounds expelled by was suffi cient to kill a fi sh larva. A Centrocestus fi sh might be another reason for higher infection species was the cause of mortality in aff ected com- in small fi sh [6]. mon carp fry in India [17] and so the mortality Identifi cation of the metacercariae was based of fi sh in this report was probably due to parasitic on characteristic features (Shape of cysts, existence infestation. and size of suckers, and fi gure of excretory blad- Figure 3 Gill of grass carp. A: Note to distortion of gill lamellae due to multiple hyperplastic tissue (C) and parasitic cysts (aster- isks). B: Parasite is obvious in the center of chondrodysplasia (C) (H & E). Rezaie/ Tulaby Dezfuly/Mesbah/Ranjbar IJVST 2017; VOLUME 9; NUMBER 1 51 www.SID.ir Archive of SID der) [27]. In this case, X-shaped excretory bladder Confl ict of Interest and 32 circumoral spines help to diagnose type of metacercariae which belongs to C. formosanus. Th e authors have no confl ict of interest to de- Th e histopathological changes of the gills were clare. chondroblastic hyperplasia of the primary lamel- lae and fusion of them in the aff ected gill fi laments. References Th ey envelope the cysts composing parasite. Th is histopathological fi nding was in agreement with 1. Blazer VS, Gratzek JB. Cartilage proliferation in re- Mitchell et al. (2000), Mitchell et al. (2002), Blazer sponse to metacercarial infections of fi sh gills. Journal of and Gratzek (1985) and Olson and Pierce, (1997). Comparative Pathology. 1985 1; 95 [2]:273-80. Th e passage of the cercaria into the gill tissue and formation of a metacercariae induces a reactive 2. Chai JY, Lee SH. Food-borne intestinal trematode infec- tions in the Republic of Korea. Parasitology internation- chondroplasia and inflammationin in the gill. Th e al. 2002 30; 51 [2]:129-54. lesions vastly diminish respiratory capacity. Exposing to unfavorable conditions for ex- 3. Fleming BP, Huff man DG, Bonner TH, Brandt TM. ample environmental factors, and stress increase Metacercarial distribution of Centrocestus formosanus the parasite infection [8]. Recently Alves Pinto et among fi sh hosts in the Guadalupe River drainage of al. (2015) reported that corticosteroid therapy in- Texas. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health. 2011 1; 23 creased development and fecundity of C. formosa- [3]:117-24.
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