DOCSLIB.ORG

Spatial Distribution of Benthic Macrofauna in the Central Arctic Ocean

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Spatial Distribution of Benthic Macrofauna in the Central Arctic Ocean bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/353060; this version posted June 21, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 2 3 4 Spatial distribution of benthic macrofauna in the Central Arctic Ocean 5 6 7 Andrey Vedenin1*, Manuela Gusky2, Andrey Gebruk1, Antonina Kremenetskaia1, 8 Elena Rybakova1, Antje Boetius2,3 9 10 11 12 1 P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Nakhimovsky Pr. 36, 117997 Moscow, Russia 14 15 2 Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 16 D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany 17 18 3 Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, 28359 Bremen, 19 Germany 20 21 Corresponding author 22 E-mail: [email protected] bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/353060; this version posted June 21, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 23 Abstract 24 Permanent ice coverage and the low primary production in the mostly ice-covered Central Arctic 25 ocean basins result in significantly lower biomass and density of macrobenthos in the abyssal 26 plains compared to the continental slopes. However, little is known on bathymetric and regional 27 effects on macrobenthos diversity. This study synthesizes new and available macrobenthos data 28 to provide a baseline for future studies of the effects of Arctic change on macrofauna community 29 composition in the Arctic basins. Samples taken during three expeditions (in 1993, 2012 and 30 2015) at 37 stations on the slope of the Barents and Laptev Seas and in the abyssal of the Nansen 31 and Amundsen Basins in the depth range from 38 m to 4381 m were used for a quantitative 32 analysis of species composition, abundance and biomass. Benthic communities clustered in five 33 depth ranges across the slope and basin. A parabolic pattern of species diversity change with 34 depth was found, with the diversity maximum for macrofauna at the shelf edge at depths of 100- 35 300 m. This deviates from the typical species richness peak at mid-slope depths of 1500-3000 m 36 in temperate oceans. Due to the limited availability of standardized benthos data, it remains 37 difficult to assess the massive sea ice retreat observed in the past decade has affected benthic 38 community composition. The polychaete Ymerana pteropoda and the bryozoan Nolella sp. were 39 found for the first time in the deep Nansen and Amundsen Basins, as a potential first sign of 40 increasing productivity and carbon flux with the thinning ice. 41 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/353060; this version posted June 21, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 42 Introduction 43 The deepest parts of the Central Arctic, including the abyssal plains of the Nansen and 44 Amundsen Basins separated by the Lomonossov Ridge, are among the least studied areas of the 45 global oceans. Most surveys of Arctic benthos have been conducted on the shelf or upper slope, 46 whereas data from the deep basins remain rare and scattered in time and space. First data on the 47 deep-sea fauna of the Central Arctic were obtained in 1935 using trawls and dredges not suitable 48 for taking quantitative samples. Qualitative descriptions of the Central Arctic bathyal and abyssal 49 fauna were made by Soviet expeditions on the vessels Sadko in 1935-1937 and F. Litke in 1955 50 [1,2]. First quantitative data using mini-LUBS corer and “Okean” grabs were collected in the 51 1970s in the Canadian Basin from the American Fletcher’s Ice Island [3] and the Soviet drifting 52 station North Pole-22 [4]. The authors reported extremely low abundances at depths >1000 m of 53 a few individuals per m2 and hence a very low benthos biomass of around 0.04 g/m2. A recent 54 review of the Arctic macrobenthos confirms the strong decline in biomass by over an order of 55 magnitude from the outer shelves to the inner basins of the Arctic Ocean [5]. The Arctic deep- 56 sea benthos has likely evolved from shallow-water relatives inhabiting the large shelves, with 57 cold temperatures close to freezing point prevailing across the entire depth range. Till today, the 58 communities of the deep basins and the outer shelf share more than half of their taxa [5], and 59 food limitation seems to be the main factor structuring community composition [6]. 60 Today, when the rapid warming and sea ice decline are likely to change the Arctic 61 ecosystem in its entity, comparative analyses of macrofauna community composition, diversity 62 and abundance in space and time remain challenged by the paucity of quantitative, standardized 63 macrofauna data. Sampling surveys were made during expeditions of the research icebreakers 64 Ymer, Polarstern, Oden and Polar Sea in the 1990s and 2000s, but unfortunately not with 65 internationally standardized procedures [7-12]. Over 25 macrobenthic samples were retrieved in 66 1991 during the Polarstern expedition to the Nansen and Amundsen Basins [13,14], but the low 67 volume of sample obtained caused problems in diversity detection [15]. During the Polarstern bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/353060; this version posted June 21, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 68 expeditions in 1993 and 1995, nine bathymetric transects were made at the northern slopes of 69 Barents, Kara and Laptev Seas from shelf to abyssal depths. Results of these surveys were partly 70 published by [11], [15] and [16]. The present study provides additional analyses of legacy 71 samples from these expeditions and adds a substantial number of new data from surveys during 72 the sea-ice minimum in 2012 [6,17]. 73 Patterns of bathymetric distribution of benthic fauna were previously reviewed for different 74 temperate and tropical ocean regions [18-23]. According to generally recognised patterns, the 75 density and the biomass of macrobenthos decrease with depth due to the declining flux of 76 particulate matter as main food supply. In contrast, species diversity shows a parabolic pattern 77 with a maximum at depths of 1500-3000 m [24-27]. In the Arctic, the known species diversity of 78 around 1100 taxa does not appear to follow this pattern, and no mid-depth peak of diversity was 79 yet detected, potentially due to the strongly limited food supply (summarised in [28]). 80 This hypothesis is supported by recent studies of horizontal distribution patterns of 81 macrofauna within the deep-sea Central Arctic. From the shelf to the deep-sea basins, food 82 supply is declining not only because of increasing water depth, but also because northwards, the 83 sun angle and the sea-ice conditions limit light availability to primary producers. A summary of 84 the abundance, biomass and modelled productivity of the Central Arctic macrofauna was 85 recently published by [6], covering samples from a 20-year period and a depth range of 520- 86 5420 m. It was shown that standing stock and production of the benthic communities are several 87 times higher under the seasonal ice than under the multiyear ice zones. This correlation was 88 explained by the different particle flux under the seasonally and permanently ice-covered areas 89 [6,17]. 90 In the present study we aimed at further testing the effect of location, water depth, sea ice 91 cover and phytodetritus flux for a large standardized data set of macrofauna at high taxonomical 92 resolution, focusing on the Eurasian slope and basin. [28] noted before, that analytic differences 93 among investigators make difficult or even impossible to synthesize species lists from different bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/353060; this version posted June 21, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 94 studies. In our study the entire set of samples was identified by the same specialists. Another aim 95 was to test the entire data set available for any indication of decadal change in community 96 composition between the 1990s and today, i.e. before and after the significant sea ice decline in 97 this region [29]. We examined the bathymetric distribution patterns of macrofauna along the 98 Barents and Laptev Sea slopes and the spatial distribution pattern within central parts of the 99 Amundsen and Nansen Basins. Our hypotheses were the following: 1) Variations in 100 macrobenthos distribution are controlled by food availability; 2) Community similarity is high 101 across all depth zones; 3) Sea ice retreat leads to change in the community structure. 102 103 Materials and methods 104 Sampling 105 Material for this study was obtained from three expeditions. During the RV Polarstern 106 expedition ARK-IX/4 (August-September 1993), 44 benthic stations were sampled on northern 107 slopes of the Barents and Laptev Seas and adjacent shelf areas and the Nansen Basin.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (2012)
    FGDC-STD-018-2012 Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard Marine and Coastal Spatial Data Subcommittee Federal Geographic Data Committee June, 2012 Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC-STD-018-2012 Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard, June 2012 ______________________________________________________________________________________ CONTENTS PAGE 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Objectives ................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Need ......................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Scope ........................................................................................................................ 2 1.4 Application ............................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Relationship to Previous FGDC Standards .............................................................. 4 1.6 Development Procedures ......................................................................................... 5 1.7 Guiding Principles ................................................................................................... 7 1.7.1 Build a Scientifically Sound Ecological Classification .................................... 7 1.7.2 Meet the Needs of a Wide Range of Users ......................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ctenophore Relationships and Their Placement As the Sister Group to All Other Animals
    ARTICLES DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0331-3 Ctenophore relationships and their placement as the sister group to all other animals Nathan V. Whelan 1,2*, Kevin M. Kocot3, Tatiana P. Moroz4, Krishanu Mukherjee4, Peter Williams4, Gustav Paulay5, Leonid L. Moroz 4,6* and Kenneth M. Halanych 1* Ctenophora, comprising approximately 200 described species, is an important lineage for understanding metazoan evolution and is of great ecological and economic importance. Ctenophore diversity includes species with unique colloblasts used for prey capture, smooth and striated muscles, benthic and pelagic lifestyles, and locomotion with ciliated paddles or muscular propul- sion. However, the ancestral states of traits are debated and relationships among many lineages are unresolved. Here, using 27 newly sequenced ctenophore transcriptomes, publicly available data and methods to control systematic error, we establish the placement of Ctenophora as the sister group to all other animals and refine the phylogenetic relationships within ctenophores. Molecular clock analyses suggest modern ctenophore diversity originated approximately 350 million years ago ± 88 million years, conflicting with previous hypotheses, which suggest it originated approximately 65 million years ago. We recover Euplokamis dunlapae—a species with striated muscles—as the sister lineage to other sampled ctenophores. Ancestral state reconstruction shows that the most recent common ancestor of extant ctenophores was pelagic, possessed tentacles, was bio- luminescent and did not have separate sexes. Our results imply at least two transitions from a pelagic to benthic lifestyle within Ctenophora, suggesting that such transitions were more common in animal diversification than previously thought. tenophores, or comb jellies, have successfully colonized from species across most of the known phylogenetic diversity of nearly every marine environment and can be key species in Ctenophora.
    [Show full text]
  • Features of Formation of Reefs and Macrobenthos Communities in the an Thoi Archipelago the Gulf of Thailand (South China Sea)
    id7363687 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com EEnnvviirroonnImSmSN : e0e97nn4 - 7tt45aa1 ll SSccViioleeumnne 8 Iccssuee 8 An Indian Journal Current Research Paper ESAIJ, 8(8), 2013 [297-307] Features of formation of reefs and macrobenthos communities in the An Thoi archipelago the Gulf of Thailand (South China Sea) Yuri Ya.Latypov A.V.Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern BranchRussian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690059, (RUSSIA) E-mail : [email protected] ABSTRACT KEYWORDS Macrobenthos communities studied on fringing reefs of the AnThoj Coral; archipelago using SCUBA-diving equipment. The islands are located in Reef; the turbid and highly eutrophic waters of the eastern Gulf of Thailand. We Macrobenthos; researched species composition and settlements densities and biomasses Community; in common species of algae, coelenterates, mollusks and echinoderms, as AnThoi archipelago; well as the degree of substrate coverage by macrophytes and coral. Clear Vietnam. vertical zonation identified in the change of the various communities in macrobenthos. The dominance of massive Porites on almost all reefs of the Gulf of Thailand is due to their ability to survive in stressful for many corals. They predominate over other scleractinian for the productivity of organic matter, the degree of substrate coverage and species diversity. They also constitute the reef skeleton and play a significant role of the expansion of its area in themuddy bottom of the Gulf of Thailand. 2013 Trade Science Inc. - INDIA INTRODUCTION phological zoning and developed powerful reef depos- its, common in structural reefs of the Indo- Pacific.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of the Fish and Macrobenthos Along the Sand Island Ocean Outfall Using Remote Video: Vi
    HANAU-S-96-002 C2 AN ANALYSIS OF THE FISH AND MACROBENTHOS ALONG THE SAND ISLAND OCEAN OUTFALL USING REMOTE VIDEO: VI. 1995 DATA Richard E. Brock PROJECT REPORT PR-96-06 March 1996 WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER UNIlVERSlTY OF HAWAI'I AT MANOA Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822 AUTHOR: Dr. Richard E. Brock AssociateResearcher and FisheriesSpecialist Sea Grant Extension Service Marine Science Building 204 University of Hawai'i at Mhtoa Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822 Tel.: 808/956-2859 FAX: 808/956-2858 $5.0O/copy Please make remittance in U.S. dollars fmm a U.S. bank or internationalmoney order to: ResearchCorporatha ot the Uaiverekyot Hawaii Mail to. Water Resources Research Center University of Hawai'i at Mmnoa 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 283 Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822 ~ U.S.A. Attn: Publications Of6ce NOTE: Pleaseindicate PR-9646 on checkor moneyorder for our reference. AN ANALYSIS OF THE FISH AND MACROBKNTHOS ALONG THE SAND ISLAND OCEAN OUTFALL USING REMOTE VIDEO: VI. 1995 DATA Richard E. Brock Project Report PR-9644 March 1996 PREPARED FOR Departmentof WastewaterManagement City and County of Honolulu Project Report for "The Assessmentof the Impact of OceanSewer Outfalls on the Marine Environment off Oahu, Hawaii" ProjectNo.: C39805 ProjectPeriod: 1 January1995-31 August 1996 Principal Investigator: RogerS. Fujioka WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER University of Hawai'i at Minoa Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822 Any opinions.findings, and conclusions or recommendationsexpressed in thispublication are those of the author and do not necessarilyreflect the view of the Water ResourcesResearch Center, ABSTRACT Becausethe diffuser of theSand Island Ocean Outfall lies below safe diving depths, a remotely controlled video camerasystem was used to determinethe statusof the fish and diurnallyexposed macrobenthos resident to thediffuser.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Composition, Diversity and Trophic Ecology of Sediment Macrofauna at Vents, Seeps and Organic Falls
    Review Comparative Composition, Diversity and Trophic Ecology of Sediment Macrofauna at Vents, Seeps and Organic Falls Angelo F. Bernardino1*, Lisa A. Levin2, Andrew R. Thurber3, Craig R. Smith4 1 Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espı´rito Santo, Goiabeiras, Vito´ ria, Esp´ı rito Santo, Brazil, 2 Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation; Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, United States of America,3 College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America,4 Department of Oceanography, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America communities. Sulfide is toxic to most metazoan taxa [1,2], Abstract: Sediments associated with hydrothermal vent- although some sediment-dwelling taxa have adapted to conditions ing, methane seepage and large organic falls such as of low oxygen and appear capable of tolerating the presence of whale, wood and plant detritus create deep-sea networks sulfide. Due to high local production, metazoans in reducing of soft-sediment habitats fueled, at least in part, by the sediments in the deep sea are often released from the extreme food oxidation of reduced chemicals. Biological studies at limitation prevalent in the background community (e.g. [3]). deep-sea vents, seeps and organic falls have looked at Instead, chemical toxicity may drive infaunal community macrofaunal taxa, but there has yet to be a systematic comparison of the community-level attributes of sedi- structure. In this meta-analysis we ask which taxa are common ment macrobenthos in various reducing ecosystems.
    [Show full text]
  • The Structuring Role of Microhabitat Type in Coral Degradation Zones: a Case Study with Marine Nematodes from Kenya and Zanzibar
    Coral Reefs (2007) 26:113–126 DOI 10.1007/s00338-006-0184-8 REPORT The structuring role of microhabitat type in coral degradation zones: a case study with marine nematodes from Kenya and Zanzibar M. Raes · M. De Troch · S. G. M. Ndaro · A. Muthumbi · K. Guilini · A. Vanreusel Received: 31 July 2006 / Accepted: 20 November 2006 / Published online: 7 February 2007 © Springer-Verlag 2007 Abstract Nematode genus assemblages were identi- three-dimensional structure of coral fragments was Wed from four locations in coral degradation zones found. DiVerences between nematode assemblages in (CDZs) along the African east coast: Watamu and the coralline sediment and on coral fragments were Tiwi Beach (Kenya) and Matemwe and Makunduchi attributed to the exposed nature of the latter habitat, (Zanzibar). Three microhabitat types were distin- its large surface area and its microbial or algal cover. guished: coralline sediment, coral gravel and coral frag- DiVerences in available food sources were reXected in ments. Nematode community composition was nematode trophic composition. comparable to that of other studies dealing with the same habitat. The presence of a common genus pool in Keywords Coral degradation zones · Nematodes · CDZs was reXected in the considerable similarities Microhabitats · Spatial turnover · Indian Ocean between samples. The addition of coral fragments as a habitat for nematodes resulted in an increased impor- tance of taxa typical for coarse sediments and large Introduction substrata. Local and regional turnover were of the same order of magnitude. The structuring eVect of Numerous studies have investigated the major factors microhabitat type clearly overrode the eVect on a local that structure nematode community composition in and regional scale.
    [Show full text]
  • Articles and Detrital Matter
    Biogeosciences, 7, 2851–2899, 2010 www.biogeosciences.net/7/2851/2010/ Biogeosciences doi:10.5194/bg-7-2851-2010 © Author(s) 2010. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Deep, diverse and definitely different: unique attributes of the world’s largest ecosystem E. Ramirez-Llodra1, A. Brandt2, R. Danovaro3, B. De Mol4, E. Escobar5, C. R. German6, L. A. Levin7, P. Martinez Arbizu8, L. Menot9, P. Buhl-Mortensen10, B. E. Narayanaswamy11, C. R. Smith12, D. P. Tittensor13, P. A. Tyler14, A. Vanreusel15, and M. Vecchione16 1Institut de Ciencies` del Mar, CSIC. Passeig Mar´ıtim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain 2Biocentrum Grindel and Zoological Museum, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany 3Department of Marine Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy 4GRC Geociencies` Marines, Parc Cient´ıfic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Adolf Florensa 8, 08028 Barcelona, Spain 5Universidad Nacional Autonoma´ de Mexico,´ Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnolog´ıa, A.P. 70-305 Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico,` Mexico´ 6Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MS #24, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA 7Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093-0218, USA 8Deutsches Zentrum fur¨ Marine Biodiversitatsforschung,¨ Sudstrand¨ 44, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany 9Ifremer Brest, DEEP/LEP, BP 70, 29280 Plouzane, France 10Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway 11Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban,
    [Show full text]
  • Sieve Size Influence in Estimating Biomass, Abundance and Diversity in Samples of Deep-Sea Macrobenthos
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 225: 97–107, 2002 Published January 11 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Sieve size influence in estimating biomass, abundance and diversity in samples of deep-sea macrobenthos John D. Gage*, David J. Hughes, José L. Gonzalez Vecino Scottish Association for Marine Science, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Oban PA34 4AD, United Kingdom ABSTRACT: A divergence in sieve size protocols for washing samples has arisen among shallow- and deep-sea benthic biologists, which now affects comparability across the 2 environments. This has come about as a result of a perception of smaller body size among deep-sea benthic organisms. Two box-core samples from ~1900 m depth were examined to see how different sieve size affects estima- tion of biomass, abundance and diversity of macrofauna in the deep sea. Expressed as cumulative retentions, the coarsest sieve (1 mm mesh) retained 94% of the biomass retained in the finest sieve (0.25 mm), confirming the expectation that rarer, large-sized individuals contribute most to biomass of macrobenthos. There were small increases when progressively finer sieves were used, but the rate of increase declined markedly from 0.425 to 0.25 mm mesh. Numbers of individual organisms increased through the series, with a marked increase from 0.5 to 0.425 mm mesh; numbers of species did not increase as rapidly, but showed a similarly high rate between 0.5 and 0.425 mm mesh. The proportions of the total biomass in coarser sieves, and the total number of specimens retained by the finest sieve were rather similar to those shown in previous studies of inshore and continental shelf benthos.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Macrobenthos Response to Sediment Contamination in the San Francisco Estuary, California, Usa
    Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol. 23, No. 9, pp. 2178±2187, 2004 q 2004 SETAC Printed in the USA 0730-7268/04 $12.00 1 .00 ASSESSMENT OF MACROBENTHOS RESPONSE TO SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION IN THE SAN FRANCISCO ESTUARY, CALIFORNIA, USA BRUCE THOMPSON* and SARAH LOWE San Francisco Estuary Institute, 7770 Pardee Lane, Oakland, California 94621, USA (Received 30 April 2003; Accepted 18 February 2004) AbstractÐA multimetric benthic assessment method was developed for two benthic assemblages in the San Francisco Estuary (USA) using data from several monitoring programs collected over ®ve years. Assessment indicators used were total number of taxa, total abundances, oligochaete abundances, number of molluscan taxa, number of amphipod taxa, and Capitella capitata and Streblospio benedicti abundances. Exceedances of the maximum or minimum indicator values in reference samples were used to assess test samples using a weight-of-evidence to obtain an assessment value. Only 2.5% of the samples from the deeper, offshore sites had benthic impacts, 14.3% of the samples from near wastewater discharges had impacts, and 78.3% of the samples from the estuary margins and channels were impacted. Impacted samples from both assemblages had signi®cantly higher mean effects range- median quotient values (mERMq) than reference samples, total organic carbon (TOC) was signi®cantly higher in the impacted samples from the mesohaline assemblage, and percent ®nes was signi®cantly higher in the impacted samples from the polyhaline assemblage, re¯ecting the close associations of contaminants with ®ne sediments and organic material. In samples with mERMq below 0.050, there were no benthic impacts. The incidence of impacts remained low (9.4%) at mERMq below 0.146, but when mERMq was above 0.146, 68.2% of the samples had benthic impacts, and samples with mERMq above 0.740 were always impacted.
    [Show full text]
  • Status of Eutrophication in San Elijo Lagoon and Its Relevance for Restoration
    Status of Eutrophication in San Elijo Lagoon and its Relevance for Restoration Martha Sutula, David J. Gillett, and Aaron Jones Southern California Coastal Water Research Project July 2016 Technical Report 938 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY San Elijo Lagoon (the Lagoon) in San Diego County, California, is undergoing restoration planning to ameliorate problems associated with human impacts on hydrology, habitat and water quality. Increased watershed and nutrient runoff, legacy sewage disposal, and restricted tidal exchange have caused a buildup of organic matter in Lagoon sediments. This accumulated organic matter, otherwise known as eutrophication, causes nuisance algal blooms, consumes dissolved oxygen (DO), causing hypoxia and related fish kills, and degradation of benthic habitat that provides important forage for estuarine fish, resident and migratory birds. Collectively, these symptoms of eutrophication have caused the Lagoon to be placed on the 303(d) list of impaired waterbodies. The San Elijo Lagoon Restoration Project (SELRP) was proposed to improve ecological function and services of the Lagoon by two primary means: 1) reconfiguring lagoon elevations via grading/dredging to support specific habitat types and to remove legacy sediment organic matter from sewage disposal sites and 2) modifying water flow in the Lagoon via changes to the ocean inlet and lagoon channels. As the SELRP nears completion of the restoration permitting process, additional documentation of the status of eutrophication symptoms in the Lagoon is desired by SELC in order to support decision-making on the restoration by SELRP lead agencies. The goal of this report is to summarize the status of eutrophication symptoms in the Lagoon, utilizing existing data collected through SELC, Bight Regional, and County monitoring programs and other available special studies (2003 – 2016).
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Deep-Sea Ecology and Monitoring As They Relate to Deep-Sea Oil and Gas Operations
    PNNL-14540 Review of Deep-Sea Ecology and Monitoring as They Relate to Deep-Sea Oil and Gas Operations R.K. Kropp Battelle Marine Sciences Laboratory Sequim, Washington January 2004 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC06-76RL01830 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor Battelle Memorial Institute, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or Battelle Memorial Institute. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORY operated by BATTELLE for the UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY under Contract DE-AC06-76RL01830 Printed in the United States of America Available to DOE and DOE contractors from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, P.O. Box 62, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062; ph: (865) 576-8401 fax: (865) 576-5728 email: [email protected] Available to the public from the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161 ph: (800) 553-6847 fax: (703) 605-6900 email: [email protected] online ordering: http://www.ntis.gov/ordering.htm This document was printed on recycled paper.
    [Show full text]
  • Bioindicators of Marine Contaminations at the Frontier of Environmental Monitoring and Environmental Genomics
    Mini Review Adv Biotech & Micro Volume 4 Issue 1 - June 2017 Copyright © All rights are reserved by : Tatiana Vallaeys DOI: 10.19080/AIBM.2017.04.555629 Bioindicators of Marine Contaminations at the Frontier of Environmental Monitoring and Environmental Genomics Tatiana Vallaeys1*, Sophia P Klink1, Eymeric Fleouter1, Benjamin Le Moing1, Jehan Hervé Lignot1 and Abraham J Smith2 1Department of Biology Ecology, Université de Montpellier, France 2Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, USA Submission: May 29, 2017; Published: June, 30, 2017 *Corresponding author: Tatiana Vallaeys, Department of Biology Ecology, Faculté des Sciences CC13002, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex, France, Tel: ; Email : Abstract human health, as well as economic and ecological perspectives. Indicators of oceanic contamination have been selected in order to identify, but alsoOceans further provide prevent major impact resources of human for rapidly activities increasing on marine population ecosystems. worldwide. However Ocean while sustainability some bioindicating thus constitutes species appear a major consensual, issue for others are typically representatives of restricted marine areas and/or restricted range of marine contaminants. We here attempt a review of marine species used as bioindicators/ biomarkers of major human activities focusing on the requirement to integrate modern metagenomics approachesKeywords: of marine ecosystems in order to define consensual, pertinent, ubiquitous bioindicators of marine health. Biomarkers; Bioindicators; Oceans; Ecotoxicology; Omics Sciences; Epigenetics Introduction expected to supplement natural stocks of seafood and which Coastal Areas support increasing population worldwide, relies on availability of uncontaminated water), actively impacts for whom marine ecosystems constitute either directly or marine ecosystems, through the release from marine farms, indirectly, principal economic resources.
    [Show full text]