Potentials and Water accumulation economy of Kosova Faton KAQKINI 1, BEng Valmira SEJDIU 1, Ing. i Dipl. Florin HOXHA 2, Prof. Dr. Kadri Berisha 1 University of Prishtina - Faculty of Mining and Metallurgy Mitrovicë, Kosova Abstract: In this work are presented the water potentials and assumptions of Kosova such rivers, lakes, the use and economical profits of Kosova, such as: • Flow of White Drini river ,with 60m³/s flow, • Flow of Ibri river, 33m³/s flow, • Flow of Morava Binçës River, 7m³/s flow • Flow of Lepenci River, 8m³/s flow. Above rivers known as rivers with the highest potential and importance for producing the electricity. Also Kosova poses six (6) other accumulated artificial lakes: Ujmani, Radoniqi, Batllava, Badovci, Përlepnica and Livoç, that are used for drinking water reserve for cities of Kosova, for agriculture issues in Kosova valley and Dukagjin valley. Keywords: Hydro Potential, Water Economy, Rivers, Artificial Lakes, Watering. Introduction Water reserves in Kosova are very limited that in the future will be a key issue for economical and social development. It has been very difficult to maintain the water reserve lakes and also was not even an issue discussed for expanding its capacities. Existing Infrastructure is in a very bad shape, and the accumulating resources have been putted in danger from ecological contamination. Wasting of reserves is evident as consequence of anthropogenic reaction. Long term development in water reserve sector alludes to advanced care of the water resources in three operational fields: protection from negative effects for the waters, Planned and organized use of these reserves and care/protection of the quality of the water. Integrated administration of these waters affect also the importance for longer term use in the level of river pond and in saving the natural essentials of the water, at the same time respecting the general interests and multi-complex goals and intentions. Water potentials of Kosova Hydrographs are important element of nature. With water natural resources (underground and surface) explain the complexity of geological structure (layers water holders and water flows), relief form, climate complex (temperature, rainfalls, winds), vegetative coverings and effect of human in river flows-beds and use of water for general purposes. Central Position of Kosovo in Balkans, sea level (aprox. 811 meters), and the presence of high mountains and forests especially in periphery parts of Kosova, affected in forming the so called hydrographic nodal (joint) in Kosova. In Nerodima mountain in a place called ( Suka e Dermanit ), all waters of Kosova are divided in three ponds and flowing in three different directions: Adriatic, Aegean and Black Sea . Surface of water topographic reserves is 11.645 km2, 6.8% is higher than political-administrative, and that shows that most of the waters are created inside of its territory. The majority parts of 1 University of Prishtina – Faculty of Mining and Metallurgy 2 Ministry of Energy and Mining BALWOIS 2008 – Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia – 27, 31 May 2008 1/ 7 Kosova territory belongs to Black sea water accumulation (50.7%), (43.5%) belongs to Adriatic Sea and 5.8% Aegean Sea. In Accumulation of Black Sea are the Kosova Rivers: Sitnica, Ibri, Drenica, Llapi, Morava e Binqes and Krivareka. In Accumulation of Adriatic Sea are the Kosova Rivers: Drini i Bardhë with its branches River of Istog, Peja, i Deçan, Erenik, Prizren River, Toplluha, Mirusha, Klina and river of Plavë, Restelica in Opojë and Gorë valley. In Accumulation of Aegean Sea are the Kosova Rivers: Lepenci and Nerodima. Even if the surface of Water accumulation is mainly to Black sea, the Kosova rivers accumulated in Adriatic sea have more quantity of water since the geographical position of these rivers are in an are were have more rainfalls Drini Bardhe pond ex., than because of presence of high mountains especially during the non vegetative period (snow presence that in spring time is melted) Surface of water topographic reserves is 11.645 km 2, 6.8% is higher than political-administrative, and that shows that most of the waters are created inside of its territory. The majority parts of Kosova territory belongs to Black sea water accumulation (50.7%), (43.5%) belongs to Adriatic Sea and 5.8% Aegean Sea. In Accumulation of Black Sea are the Kosova Rivers: Sitnica, Ibri, Drenica, Llapi, Morava e Binqes and Krivareka. In Accumulation of Adriatic Sea are the Kosova Rivers: Drini I Bardhë with its branches River of Istog, Peja, i Deçan, Erenik, Prizren River, Toplluha, Mirusha, Klina and river of Plavë, Restelica in Opojë and Gorë valley. In Accumulation of Aegean Sea are the Kosova Rivers: Lepenci and Nerodima. Even if the surface of Water accumulation is mainly to Black sea, the Kosova rivers accumulated in Adriatic sea have more quantity of water since the geographical position of these rivers are in an are were have more rainfalls Drin Bardhe pond ex., than because of presence of high mountains especially during the non vegetative period (snow presence that in spring time is melted) The total amount of rain falls and water precipitation, in Dukagjin is around 800mm in 1m2, while in Kosova valley is around 600mm, where in rivers flow 40% of these precipitations, evaporates around 60% of the total rain falls and precipitations. Fig. Map of River Draws in Kosova BALWOIS 2008 – Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia – 27, 31 May 2008 2/ 7 In accumulation of the Sea the better are so called alp types of the rivers, where their flow is mainly in the mountains, with a lot of rain and snow. On the other side the left side rivers of Drini (except river of Prizren) and the rivers of Kosova valley and in Anamorava, where 50-70% less rain falls are and water accumulation Density of River net (distance of river lines per surface) its very much dependent with the river draw size, the relief, amount of the rain falls and a geological structure. Better density with the rivers we have in parts of mountain (dissertated relief), with a lot more rain falls and precipitation and high coefficient of flow. Table 1: Fundamentals Characteristic of Kosova Rivers according to Dam Quantity of Length in Water flow rainfall in River Name km Basin surface (Q) m 3/sek basin D. i Bardhë River in Burim 0 23,1 5,05 957 mm River in Istog 14 434,2 4,7 838 River in Peja 56 500,3 8,20 955 River in Deçan 52 266,6 5,65 940 Ereniku River 51 516,5 11,0 990 River in Prizren 31 279,1 6,90 890 Toplluha River 15,5 503 4,05 734 River in Mirusha 29 335,7 2,10 695 River in Klina 60 425,2 2,33 697 River D. i Bardhë në Vërmicë 104 4360 59,5 840 Ibri River in Leposaviq 131,8 4701 34,6 706 Water Flow of Sitnica River 90 2861 15,0 665 Llapi River 79,4 947 5,4 ------- Drenica River 50,5 447 ------ ------- Morava e Binqës River 110 1558,6 6,7 604 Lepenci River 50 607 8,0 893 Nerodima River 41,3 228,7 2,1 ------- Disparity of water quantities between the two main parts of Kosova is also shown by the average water flow in the west and east, which is 2 to 1 (59,7 m3/sec to 29,5 m3/sec), thus presenting the lack of water in the Kosova’s east region. In order to secure drinking, industrial and irrigating water (in the region of Kosova), there have been built three dams and artificial lakes: the lake of Badovc at Graqanka river, the lake of Batllava at Batllava river, Llap river branch, the lake of Ujman at Ibër river, as well as the Radoniqi lake near Gjakova and of Perlepnica near Gjilan. The biggest one is the Ujman Lake with 390 million m 3 water pint, followed by the Radoniqi Lake with 113 million m 3 water, the Badovc Lake with 31 million m 3, the Batllava Lake with 30 million m 3, and Prelepnica with 4.2 million m 3 of water, etc. Table: Artificial lakes in Kosovo River name Artificial lake denomination Water volume in m 3 Ibër Ujmani 390.000.000 Ibër Pridvoricë 490.000 Batllavë Batllava 30.000.000 Graqankë Badovc 31.000.000 Livoq Livoq 1.000.000 Prrue Radoniq 113.000.000 Përlepnicë Përlepnicë 4.200.000 BALWOIS 2008 – Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia – 27, 31 May 2008 3/ 7 Pictures taken from Dike and Ujman Lake (Ex Gazivoda) Annual rainfall average in Kosovo territory is from 658 mm (Sitnica river basin) to 1515 mm (Ereniku river basin), whereas flow coefficient is 42.46 l/sec/km 2 Lumbardhi river basin. From Kosovo territory during humid year flow about 3.8 x 109 or 121.2 m 3 /sec. As you can see from table below, water is not uniformly shared out, so the water deficit for agriculture destination must be covered with water income out of vegetation season or other reserves. Actual condition of water infrastructure Development of hydro sector in Kosovo start in the end of years 60, but intensively after 1974, when the Kosovo get the chance by him self to program his development and to start a building hydro infrastructure as a reason to be protected by negative effect of hydro potential. According to studies of hydro economy of Kosovo (1981) is calculated that Kosovo has potential for watering about 200.000 ha, whereas needs for drainage are 80.000 – 100.000 ha. According to data today from watering companies in Kosovo after the rehabilitation of fully watering system can be watered 66.060 ha.