Grade 8 Referee Entry Level Training Module 1 Law 1

The Field of Play Law 1 - Objectives Upon completion of this lesson the student will be able to correctly 1. name the lines and areas of the field of play 2. name other items that belong to the field of play FieldOptional Markings Flag

Touch Line

Corner Flagpost Corner Flagpost

and Corner Arc and Corner Arc Goal Line

Penalty Penalty

Area Line Halfway Goal Line Goal Area Center Mark

Goal Goal Penalty Penalty Area Goal Area Center Mark Circle Mark Goal

Penalty Penalty Goal Line

Arc Arc Goal Line Goal

Corner Flagpost Corner Flagpost and Corner Arc Halfway Line Halfway and Corner Arc

Touch Line Optional Flag Dimension Diagram

Optional Optional Mark 44 yards Mark 10 yards 10 yards

9 inch mark

Lines 5 inch maximum width

10 yard radius Corner and Flagpost Flagpost Problems The Goal

Goals must be anchored securely to the ground Goal Alignment

If the goal line does not match the depth of the goalposts, then align the rear of the posts with the outside of the goal line. Goalpost Shapes

ACCEPTABLE

Square Round Rectangle

Oval

Shall not exceed 5 inches in width

Posts must be White Technical Area The Technical Area

One team official may convey tactical instructions to the players during the match and must return to his position after doing so. The coach and other officials must remain within the confines of the technical area except in special circumstances • To assess an injured player and they must behave in a responsible manner. Law 1 - Review The field must be what shape? • Rectangular, touch lines being longer Using a blank field diagram, label all the lines and areas of the field Lines can be how wide? • 5 inches wide (maximum) Is a ball on the Penalty area line in the Penalty area? • Yes, lines belong to the area to which they are boundaries Law 1 – Review (cont) Corner flagposts: • are they mandatory? • what is the minimum height? • what else? Goalposts: • what shape is acceptable? • what if they are not anchored securely? don’t play • must be white if not, play the game - report to league Law 2

The Ball Law 2 - Objectives

Upon completion of this lesson the student will be able to correctly

1. identify a legal ball out of a group shown 2. state the proper restart when a ball bursts or becomes defective 3. state the proper restart when a ball is touched by an outside agent Circumference

27 - 28 inches Spherical in shape Measurements Weight: 14 - 16 ounces Pressure: 8.5 - 15.6 lbs./sq.in

Rule of Thumb

TOO HARD TOO SOFT Materials

Outer Casing can be made from • leather • other suitable materials • shall be safe No Color restrictions The Referee ensures any ball used meets the requirements of Law 2 Replacement

• Ball is not changed unless authorized by the Referee • Ball is returned to Referee at half-time & end-of-game What if the ball becomes defective, unsafe or bursts?

If while in play Restart with a dropped ball at spot If while the game is stopped Restart as you would have anyway Ball Contacts an Outside Agent

If an outside agent makes contact with the ball: • The game is stopped • The outside agent is removed • Restart play with a dropped ball where ball was when contact was made • The ball is in play when it touches the ground Law 2 - Review

Overriding concern? • Ball shall be safe Shape? • Shall be spherical What is the outer casing made of? • Leather or approved materials What is the circumference? • 27 - 28 inches Law 2 – Review (cont)

What should the ball weigh? • 14 - 16 oz. at the start of the match Pressure? • 8.5 - 15.6 lb./sq..in • Rule of thumb Who ensures the ball meets the requirements of Law 2? • The Referee Law 2 – Review (cont)

How is the match restarted if the ball bursts during play? • Dropped ball where ball was What if it is touched by an outside agent during play? • Dropped ball where it was touched When is a dropped ball in play? • When it touches the ground Law 3

The Number of Players Law 3 - Objectives

Upon completion of this lesson the student will be able to correctly 1. state the number of players for a legal game 2. state when a substitution can occur 3. list the correct procedure for substitution 4. state the appropriate penalty for illegal substitution Number of Players • A match shall be played by two teams • A maximum of 11 players per team • One player shall be the goalkeeper • A minimum of 7 players is required to start or continue a match What to do if less than 7 players Must have at least 7 players to start or continue match • for minor injury, player may leave field • game pauses until player returns • if player is unable to return, abandon match Report to the league • when game cannot be started • when game cannot be completed Substitutions: Official Competitions

Teams shall supply the names of up to 7 possible substitutes, but may use only 3 of these 7. Substitutes not so named may not take part in the match. Substitutions: General Information Who can be a substitute? • 3 of the 7 listed prior to game When can a substitution be made? • At any stoppage of play Where do the player/substitute leave/enter the field of play? • Player may leave the field anywhere • Substitute enters at halfway line How? • With referee’s permission Substitutions: Re-entry

Once a player is substituted, that player may not re-enter the game.

Check the league rules of competition for re-entry modifications Substitution Procedure 1. Substitute reports to assistant referee (or 4th official) 2. Assistant referee signals at next opportunity 3. Player may leave the field anywhere 4. Referee signals permission to enter 5. Substitute enters field at halfway line and becomes the new player Substitution: Sent off Player Before the game: • May be replaced by a substitute After the game has started: • May not be replaced at all • Yes ! The team plays shorthanded After the game has ended: • Include misconduct in game report • Show cards if still on the field Referee Authority over Substitutes

All substitutes are subject to the authority and jurisdiction of the referee, whether called upon to play or not. U.S. Youth Soccer Substitution

Who ? • Unlimited number may re-enter as often as they wish When ? • At any stoppage with the permission of the referee • Half-time • After a goal

Where? • Player may leave the field anywhere • Substitute enters only at halfway line How? • With referee’s permission Replacing the Goalkeeper With another player… • At any stoppage of play • Referee must be notified of a change of goalkeeper

• Infringement - Caution both the old and new goalkeeper at the next stoppage of play Replacing the Goalkeeper

With a substitute… • Just like normal substitution • A new goalkeeper in uniform and in position is “notification” (even at half-time) Player Leaving the Field of Play A player may leave the field • With the referee’s permission • Without using a substitute Why? • Medical attention • Equipment repair or replacement To re-enter the field • Must receive the referee’s permission • During play, if from the touch line • At any stoppage of play Team Playing Short Handed Late arriving player(s) may join their team • with permission of the referee • during play, or • at any stoppage of play

The Assistant Referee must first check pass, equipment and roster before the player enters Handling an Improper Substitution Substitute enters without permission

Stop play Caution substitute Remove substitute from field Prior player re-enters Restart with indirect free kick where the ball was located when play was stopped Too Many Players (No Goal Scored) When ball is in play: Stop play Caution extra “player” Remove extra “player” Restart with Indirect free kick When ball is out of play: Caution extra “player” Remove extra “player” Restart as you would have anyway Too Many Players (Goal is Scored) If a goal scored by the team with extra player Caution extra “player” Remove extra “player” Do not allow the goal Restart with an indirect free kick from goal area.

Do not allow this to happen Not sure? Count !!! Law 3 - Review How many players is each team allowed? • 11 maximum • 7 minimum players • one of which is the goalkeeper May a player who is sent-off be replaced? • No, not if the match has started What is the proper substitution procedure? When may a field player change places with goalkeeper? • At any stoppage • Referee must be notified Law 3 – Review (cont) Substitution without permission • Stop game • Caution “player” and remove • Restart with indirect free kick Too many field players during play • Stop game • Caution extra “player” and remove • Restart with indirect free kick Too many field players & goal scored • Caution extra “player” and remove • Disallow goal - restart with indirect free kick Law 4

The Players’ Equipment Law 4 - Objectives

Upon completion of this lesson the student will be able to correctly

1. list the basic and acceptable equipment that can be used by a player 2. state the penalty for infringements of Law 4 5 S’s - Compulsory equipment Shirt or jersey with sleeves, same color as teammates

Shorts, same color as teammates *(can be different color than shirt) Shinguards

Socks or stockings, same as teammates *(must be worn outside and cover the shinguards)

Shoes or footwear Equipment Inspection

The Referee shall inspect players’ equipment prior to the match.

The Referee shall prevent players with dangerous equipment from playing Equipment Requirements

Players’ equipment shall not be dangerous to themselves or any other player (including any kind of jewelry)

This is your opinion and is final without question.

Note: This does not mean you have the right to set a different standard from the world. Manufacturers check products with authorities before marketing them. Jewelry, Etc

• No jewelry of any kind is permitted • No earrings – no exceptions • Medical bracelet is OK, needs to be visible and taped down • Religious items are OK, but must be taped down, if possible, and not present any danger to any player Shinguards

• Covered entirely by stockings • Made of suitable material (rubber, plastic, or similar substance) • Provide a reasonable degree of protection Footwear

No Toe Cleat, think Safety If it looks like a soccer shoe - it is probably OK – 1 of these isn’t ! Check cleats for sharp edges or plastic casings in danger of cracking off and leaving exposed screws. Casts

Are allowed unless in your opinion the cast is dangerous. Goalkeeper Equipment Goalkeepers shall wear colors different from all other players and the referee

60 Local Rules and Modifications

• Check with your USSF Assignor ! • Normally, if colors conflict, the home team changes jerseys • Some leagues specify jersey colors Home will wear a specific color Away will wear another color Under Shirts

Allowed if same color as predominate color of shirt or jersey. Under Shorts

Allowed if the same color as the predominate color of the player’s shorts Penalties for Infringement of Law 4

• Player is asked to correct the equipment • If not corrected by next stoppage, player must leave the field. • Player must wait for Referee’s permission before re-entering the field. • Referee must be certain the problem has been corrected before the player is allowed to re-enter the field Law 4 - Review What are the 5 compulsory player equipment items? • Shirt or jersey, tucked in • Shorts, sliding shorts same color • Shinguards, 3 requirements? • Covered by stockings • Made of suitable material • Provide reasonable degree of protection • Stockings • Shoes What type of equipment is Never Allowed? • Dangerous equipment What is wrong with this picture? Headwear Tobacco products Alcoholic beverage Jewelry Jersey not tucked in Numbers don’t match Thermal shorts color No shin guards Socks not same color Dangerous footwear Law 7

Duration of the Match Objectives

Upon completion of this lesson the student will be able to correctly

1. state the length of each period and the half-time interval 2. state 4 of 5 allowances for time lost 3. state when the game may be extended Timing

Two equal periods • Change length prior to start of match • Referee and teams must agree to change Periods are normally 45 minutes • Clock starts at kick-off • Clock remains “running” Extend time only for a penalty kick Half-time

• Players are entitled to half-time • Must not exceed 15 minutes (Normally 5 minutes in youth matches) • Length must be stated in rules of competition • May be altered with consent of referee Youth Modifications

• The length of the periods and the size of ball change for various age groups. • Check with your local assignor for specific variations. Adding Time

Time shall be added for: • time lost for substitutions • assessment of injury to player • removal of injured player from field • wasting time • any other cause The amount of time added is at the referee’s discretion Extending a Period (Penalty Kick)

Additional time is allowed for a penalty kick to be taken at the end of each half or at the end of periods of extra time. Law 7 - Review Two equal periods • How long are adult matches? • Can length of periods vary? Time is kept by referee • For what reasons may time be added? • May extend time for what purpose? • Does the referee stop the clock? Half-time • What if 1 team wants it & other doesn’t? • Up to 15 minutes - how long normally? Law 8

The Start and Restart of Play Law 8 - Objectives Upon completion of this lesson the student will be able to correctly

1. demonstrate a properly dropped ball 2. state the proper position of players at a kick-off 3. given examples, identify improper kick- offs and the proper restart for each situation, if necessary Coin Toss

1. Introductions 2. Referee tosses coin, who calls it? • Traditionally the visiting captain 3. Winner picks goal to attack 4. Loser gets to kick-off 5. Be friendly, cordial and brief • Do not coach or lecture 6. Start game on time Coin Toss “Now, before we start, let’s briefly review Law 12, Fouls and Misconduct…”

Please! No pre-game threats, lectures or rules clinics. Kick-off Mechanics

Prior to kick-off (3 - 5 minutes) • Referee team enters field together • Moves to center mark • Referee carries match ball • AR’s move to goal and check nets • AR’s move to touch line Kick-off Mechanics (cont)

One minute before kick-off: Assistant Referees • supervise bench area • line up with 2nd last defender • count players in their half • unfurl flag to signal readiness Referee • supervises clearing of the field • visually checks with AR’s for readiness Kick-off Mechanics (cont)

At kick-off: • Each team in own half of field • Defenders at least 10 yards from ball • Ball stationary on center mark • Referee gives a signal for kick-off (How?) • Ball is in play when it is kicked and moves forward Kick-off Directions

84 Kick-off When is a kick-off awarded? • Start of game • After each goal By team scored upon • Start of second half After teams have switched ends By team that did not kick-off in first half • Start of each overtime period A goal may be scored directly from a kick-off Infractions at Kick-offs

• Players in wrong half of field • Ball does not move forward • Taken before referee’s signal Retake the kick • Kicker plays ball a second time “double touch” IFK to opponent Dropped Ball

A dropped ball is a way of restarting the match after a temporary stoppage which becomes necessary, while the ball is in play, for any reason not mentioned elsewhere in the Laws of the Game Dropped Ball Procedures 1. Referee drops ball (from waist high) 2. Where ball was when play was stopped (except in goal area) 3. No players required (2 players traditional, but not required) 4. Re-drop if: • touched by player before it hits ground • ball leaves field before touched by a player Law 8 - Review

Coin toss • brief and cordial Who calls it? • Traditionally the visitor calls it. What choice does the winner have? • Which goal it will attack What will the loser get to do? • Kick off in the first half. Law 8 - Review At a kick-off: Where are the players? • Players are in their own half of field How far away are the defenders • at least 10 yards from ball When is the ball in play? • When it is kicked forward Can a goal be scored directly? • Yes Must there be a signal for play to start? • Yes Law 8 - Review

For an infractions (except 2nd touch) Retake the kick If there is a 2nd touch by kicker IFK for opponents Dropped ball for undefined stoppages • Where does the dropped ball take place? • When is the ball in play? • What happens if a player “double touches” the ball? • Who can participate? How many can? Law 9

Ball In and Out of Play Objectives

Upon completion of this lesson the student will be able to correctly

1. state the two times when the ball is out of play 2. state two items from which the ball may rebound and remain in play Ball Out of Play

There are only two times during a match when the ball is out of play. 1. When the whole ball crosses a boundary line 2. When the referee stops play

The ball is in play at all other times Is the Ball in or Out of Play? Which balls are in play and which are out of play?

C D A. Out E B. In C. Out B D. In A E. In Is the Ball in or Out of Play? Out of Play Field of Play

Ball above the line is still “touching” outside plane of line

97 Curving Ball

Field of Play

Ball is not in Ball is in play play until the restart Out of Play Perspective - Position

Assistant Referee’s view Rebounding Ball

If the ball rebounds from • a goalpost, or • a crossbar, or • a corner flag post, • the Referee or Assistant Referee (if they are on the field of play) and the ball remains on the field of play then the ball in play until the referee stops play for any reason Rebounding Ball - Example

In play if the ball rebounds from goal post, crossbar, corner flag, or… Boundary Lines

Lines belong to the areas of which they are boundaries. This includes: • Touch lines • Goal lines • Goal areas • Penalty areas • Corner areas Law 9 - Review

If the ball is on the penalty area line, is it in the penalty area? • Yes When is the ball out of play? • When the whole ball has crossed a boundary line, or • Play has been stopped by the referee What if the ball hits the referee? • Play continues if the referee was inside the field of play Law 9 – Review (cont)

What other times is the ball still in play? • When it rebounds from either Assistant Referee, if they are on the field of play • When it rebounds from a goalpost • When it rebounds from a crossbar • When it rebounds from a corner flag post Law 10

Method of Scoring Objectives

Upon completion of this lesson the student will be able to correctly

1. Given examples, identify a legal goal 2. List 3 examples of outside agents 3. Define “legally propelled” 4. Give 3 examples of goals that should be disallowed Method of Winning

• Law 10 defines the only method by which a match is won or tied • No variation is authorized • The team scoring the greater number of goals during the match is the winner. • If both teams score an equal number of goals, or if no goals are scored, the match is “drawn.” Definition of a Goal

A goal is scored when the whole ball has: • crossed the goal line, • between the uprights (goalposts), • under the crossbar, • provided that no infringement of the Laws of the Game has been committed previously by the team scoring the goal, • and it was propelled in a legal manner. Goal or No Goal?

No Goal

No Goal

Goal

No Goal When a Goal Can Not Be Scored

A goal cannot be scored directly from: • An indirect free kick (IFK) • Any free kick into your own goal • A throw-in Outside Agents Outside Interference

If the ball is prevented from passing over the goal line by an “outside agent” • A spectator • An animal • Another ball • Any other thing

The restart will be a dropped ball where contact was made (except in the goal area) And the Winner is…

The team scoring the most goals during the match is the winner Referee never decides the winner Referee will file a report with the score Law 10 - Review

How is the winner determined? • The team scoring more goals wins Is a goal scored if a team kicks a free kick into their own goal? • No, restart with corner kick Is a goal scored if the ball goes into their opponents goal on a throw-in? • No, restart with goal kick Law 10 – Review (cont)

State an example of a ball that is “not legally propelled” into the goal. • From Indirect Free Kick • Into team’s own goal from Free Kick • From throw-in Can a goal be awarded if it is stopped on the way to the goal by an outside agent? • No, restart with dropped ball