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EDB Eurasian Integration Yearbook 2009 Munich Personal RePEc Archive EDB Eurasian Integration Yearbook 2009 Vinokurov, Evgeny Eurasian Development Bank July 2009 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20917/ MPRA Paper No. 20917, posted 25 Feb 2010 08:09 UTC Eurasian Integration Yearbook 2009 An annual publication of the Eurasian Development Bank ББК 65.9(2)8 Е91 Eurasian Integration Yearbook 2009. – Almaty, 2009. – p. 324 ISBN 978-601-7151-01-0 An annual publication of the Eurasian Development Bank Edited by Evgeny Vinokurov The Eurasian Development Bank is an international financial institution established to promote economic growth and integration processes in Eurasia. The Bank was founded by the intergovernmental agreement signed in January 2006 by the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. In December 2008, The Council of the Eurasian Development Bank approved the entrance of Armenia, Belarus and Tajikistan to the Bank. In April 2009 Armenia has completed all the admission procedures and became the third full member of the Bank. The Agreement on Establishing the Eurasian Development Bank has come into force for Belarus and Tajikistan. Both countries are in the process of finalising the required admission procedures. The Kyrgyz Republic is in the process of obtaining the inter-ministerial clearance on issues related to joining the EDB. Electric power, water and energy, transportation infrastructure and high-tech and innovative industries are the key areas for Bank’s financing activity. As part of its mission the Bank carries out extensive research and analysis of contemporary development issues and trends in the region, with particular focus on Eurasian integration. The Bank also hosts regular conferences and round tables addressing various aspects of integration. In 2008, the Bank launched an annual EDB Eurasian Integration Yearbook (in English) and quarterly Journal of Eurasian Economic Integration (in Russian). Both publications are available online at www.eabr.org. The Bank’s Strategy and Research Department publishes detailed Industry and Country Analytical Reports and plans to undertake a number of research projects. Developing the EDB System of Indicators of Eurasian Integration Index is the first project in the pipeline. ISBN 978-601-7151-01-0 ББК 65.9(2)8 © Eurasian Development Bank, 2008 Address: Republic of Kazakhstan, Panfilov St. 98, Almaty, 050000, Eurasian Development Bank Tel.: +7 (727) 244 40 44, ext. 6146 Fax: +7 (327) 244 65 70, 291 42 63 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.eabr.org The EDB’s special acknowledgements go to Intera translation company, and to Stanislav Myong, Hannah Dyson and Jonathan Elliot for translating and editing materials for the Yearbook in English. The EDB also thanks Ruan publishing company. No part of this publication may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form, including reprinting and recording of any kind, without due reference to this publication. The views expressed in this publication are those of author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Eurasian Development Bank. Eurasian Integration Yearbook 2009 An annual publication of the Eurasian Development Bank Edited by Evgeny Vinokurov, EDB Advisory Council: Sailau Baizakov, Insitute for Economic Research, Astana Michael Emerson, Centre for European Policy Studies, Brussels Valery Geets, Institute for Economic Forecasting, Kyiv Ruslan Grinberg, Insitute of Economy RAS, Moscow Ivan Korolev, Institute for World Economy and International Relations RAS, Moscow Luk Van Langenhove, United Nations University, Bruges Johannes Linn, Brookings Institute, Washington Liu Huaqin, Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, Beijing Katlijn Malfliet, Catholic University of Leuven Ivan Samson, University of Grenoble II Leonid Vardomskiy, Institute of Economy RAS, Moscow Vladimir Yasinskiy, EDB, Almaty EDB Eurasian Integration Yearbook 2009 Contents List of Figures and Tables 6 Notes on the Contributors 9 List of Abbreviations 14 Greetings Igor Finogenov, Chairman of the Eurasian Development Bank 16 Vladimir Yasinskiy, Head of Strategy and Research, Eurasian Development Bank 18 1. Introduction 19 EvgEny vinokurov 2. Chronicle of Eurasian Regional Integration 2008 26 natalia MaqsiMchook Institutions of Integration and Economic Space 3. Integrating Regional Space: New Opportunities for Economic Growth 65 alExandEr libMan, lEon ZEvin 4. The Experience with Regional Economic Cooperation Organisations: Lessons for Central Asia 84 JohannEs linn, oksana Pidufala 5. Regionalisation in Central Asia 95 alExandEr libMan Expanding Mutual Trade, Investment, and Finance 6. Regional Trade and Trade Integration in the CIS 115 irina gurova 7. Russian Direct Investments in EurAsEC and Their Role in Energy and Transport Infrastructure Development in Eurasia 127 boris hEifEtZ Eurasian Development Bank 8. Outlook for the Joint Development of Stock Market Infrastructure in EurAsEC Countries 142 Michail golovnin 9. Mutual Investments in the СIS Banking Sector 151 EvgEny vinokurov 10. The Eurasian Development Bank’s Investment Policy and the Environment 157 vladiMir yasinskiy, alExandEr MironEnkov 11. International and Regional Development Banks in Northern and Central Eurasia: Overview of Activities in 2008 173 Zhanar sagiMbayEva Integrating Eurasian Transport Systems 12. The EurAsEC Transport Corridors. EDB Industry Report 186 EvgEny vinokurov, Murat JadraliyEv, yuriy shchErbanin 13. EurAsEC: Transport Exchange and Positional Constituents 241 yuriy shchErbanin 14. Transport – Energy Water System of Eurasia and Its Top Priority Projects 249 lEonid koZlov, alExEy bElyakov 15. Transcontinental Shipping Route Europe – Central Asia 269 lEonid koZlov, vitaly ZbaraschEnko 16. Megalogistic Intermodal Transport Technological System Germany – Russia – Central Asia – Afghanistan – China 276 vitaly ZbaraschEnko Monitoring and Measuring Regional Integration 17. Indicator-based Monitoring of the Eurasian Integration Process: Preliminary Remarks 283 PhiliPPE dE loMbaErdE 18. Visa-free Travel: an Indicator of Global Integration 290 brEndan r. WhytE Information for authors 310 Index 312 Eurasian Development Bank EDB Eurasian Integration Yearbook 2009 List of Figures and Tables Boxes Box 10. 1. 161 Box 10. 2. 163 Box 12. 1. Main commodity groups that can be transported by Eurasian routes (China–West Europe) 197 Box 12. 2. The XUAR and transit to Western Europe 198 Box 12. 3. The TRACECA Programme 209 Box 12. Outlook for the development of container traffic 210 Box 12. Sea and rail container freight tariffs in Eurasia (ATC AIR Service data) 217 Figures Figure . 1. Share of Kazakhstan in the FDI inflow to Kyrgyzstan 99 Figure . 2. Clusters of intraregional trade in the CIS, 200 103 Figure . 1. The CIS’ GDP in 1991-2009 116 Figure . 2. Openness of CIS economies in 199 and 200 119 Figure . 3. Trade between CIS countries in 2007 119 Figure . CIS export market concentration in 199-200 120 Figure . CIS export product concentration in 199-200 122 Figure . World and CIS trade product structure in 200 123 Figure . 7. CIS trade balance in 199-200 124 Figure 12. 1. Potential cargo flows between EurAsEC countries 190 Figure 12. 2. Exports to the EU from China, South Korea and India 191 Figure 12. 3. Structure of Chinese exports to Europe, 2007 192 Figure 12. Transshipment of containers at Dostyk 196 Figure 12. Existing and potential cargo flows via EurAsEC 200 Figure 12. Pan-European corridors 202 Figure 12. 7. Journey times of Trans-Siberian Railway services 206 Figure 12. 8. TRACECA 208 Figure 12. 9. Main railways in Eurasia 212 Figure 12. 10. Motorway corridors and communications research institute (NII TK) 215 Figure 12. 11. Railway freight transportation and the freight rail car fleet in EurAsEC 231 Eurasian Development Bank Figure 12. 12. Major 120-mm gauge railways 235 Figure 1. 1. Integrated Deep-Water System (IDWS) European Part of Russia 254 Figure 1. 2. The Fundamental Scheme of Eurasia and Russia TEWS Principal Mains 256 Figure 1. 3. The Integrated Deep Water System of ETR, the Oka and the Main Lines of its Connection with the Dnepr 262 Figure 1. Volga-Severodvinsk waterway 263 Figure 1. Kama-Pechorsk-Vychegodsk junction and River Vychegda 264 Figure 1. Transuralsk waterway 265 Figure 1. 7. The Upper Ob Basin Rivers Proposed for Transport-Energy Reconstruction 266 Figure 1. 1. The Scheme of Transcontinental Shipping Route Europe – Central Asia 270 Figure 1. 2. Options of water-ways transport connection of Caspian and Azov Seas 271 Figure 1. 3. The Scheme of Perspective Port “Kuban” and Azov-Black Sea Canal 274 Figure 1. The Scheme of Transport-Technological System for Transportation of Rolling and Container Modules 275 Figure 1. 1. The Chart of the railway-ferry transport complex Germany–Russia–Central Asia–Afghanistan-China 278 Figure 18. 1. Frequency plot and percentage cumulative frequency of travel freedom values by country 298 Figure 18. 2. Distribution of visa-free permutations vs. travel freedom value 299 Figure 18. 3. Travel Freedom by country (equal class ranges) 300 Figure 18. Travel Freedom by country (equal class sizes) 301 Figure 18. Population (absolute, and cumulative percentage) vs. travel freedom value 305 Figure 18. Summed “National travel freedom” (absolute, and cumulative percentage) vs. travel freedom value 306 Tables Table 1. 1. Trade turnover between EurAsEC member states 20 Table 1. 2. Cumulative mutual investments of Russia and the EurAsEC states, at the beginning of the year 21 Table 2. 1. Main macroeconomic Indicators 27 Table
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