Marketing Fragment 8.5 X 12.T65

Home , Little Ghost Nebula, NGC 1027, NGC 136, NGC 1444, NGC 1501, NGC 1502

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85893-9 - Steve O’Meara’s Herschel 400 Observing Guide Steve O’Meara Index More information

Index

Ancient City Astronomy Club (ACAC), ix , Aquila NGC 5195 (H I-186), 194 4 , 5 specific objects in NGC 5273 (H I-98), 193 asterisms NGC 6755 (H VII-19), 248 Canis Major Coathanger, 252 NGC 6756 (H VII-62), 249 specific objects in Kemble’s Cascade, 35 , 36 NGC 6781 (H III-743), 249 NGC 2204 (H VII-13), 48 M73, 267 Aries NGC 2354 (H VII-16), 48 Astronomical League (AL), ix specific objects in NGC 2360 (H VII-12), 49 Herschel 400 certificates, ix NGC 772 (H I-112), 309 NGC 2362 (H VII-17), 49 Auriga Cassiopeia Barbuy, B., 240 specific objects in specific objects in Bayer, Johann NGC 1644 (H VIII-59), 22 NGC 129 (H VIII-79), 292 and Greek letters for stars, 10 NGC 1857 (H VII-33), 24 NGC 136 (H VI-35), 292 Bernoulli, J., 141 , 181 , 216 NGC 1907 (H VII-39), 24 NGC 185 (H II-707), 287 Bica, E., 240 NGC 1931 (H I-261), 25 NGC 225 (H VIII-78), 293 Blinking Planetary Nebula (see NGC 2126 (H VIII-68), 22 NGC 278 (H I-159), 288 NGC 6826) NGC 2281 (H VIII-71), 25 NGC 381 (H VIII-64), 293 Box Galaxy (see NGC 4449) Bootes NGC 436 (H VII-45), 295 bright nebulae specific objects in NGC 457 (H VII-42), 295 definition of, 5 NGC 5248 (H I-34), 197 NGC 559 (H VII-48), 296 specific objects NGC 5466 (H VI-9), 212 NGC 637 (H VII-49), 296 M8, 241 NGC 5557 (H I-99), 212 NGC 654 (H VII-46), 298 M27, 252 NGC 5676 (H I-189), 209 NGC 659 (H VIII-65), 297 NGC 1788 (H V-32), 30 NGC 5689 (H I-188), 209 NGC 663 (H VI-31), 298 NGC 1931 (H I-261), 25 Camelopardalis NGC 1027 (H VIII-66), 325 NGC 1980 (H V-31), 31 specific objects in NGC 7789 (H VI-30), 288 NGC 1999 (H IV-33), 32 NGC 1501 (H IV-53), 35 NGC 7790 (H VII-56), 289 NGC 2024 (H V-28), 31 NGC 1502 (H VII-47), 35 Cepheus NGC 2183, 54 NGC 1961 (HIII-747), 36 specific objects in NGC 2185 (H IV-20), 53 NGC 2403 (H V-44), 36 NGC 40 (H IV-58), 279 NGC 6514 (H IV-41), 243 NGC 2655 (H I-288), 37 NGC 6939 (H VI-42), 275 NGC 7000 (H V-37?), 262 Cancer NGC 6946 (H IV-76), 275 specific objects in NGC 7142 (H VII-66), 276 Cat Scratch Galaxy (see NGC 5907) NGC 2775 (H I-2), 83 NGC 7160 (H VIII-67), 276 Christmas Tree Cluster (see NGC Canes Venatici NGC 7380 (H VIII-77), 278 2264), 51 specific objects in NGC 7510 (H VII-44), 278 Cleopatra’s Eye (see NGC 1535) M51, 194 Cetus Cocoon Galaxy (see NGC 4490) NGC 4111 (H I-195), 182 specific objects in Collinder, Per, 240 NGC 4143 (H IV-54), 182 M77, 316 constellations NGC 4151 (H I-165), 188 NGC 157 (H II-3), 303 88 official, 6 NGC 4214 (H I-95), 188 NGC 246 (H V-25), 302 Andromeda NGC 4244, 188 NGC 247 (H V-20), 299 specific objects in NGC 4258 (H V-43) ¼ M106, NGC 584 (H I-100), 305 NGC 205 (H V-18) ¼ M110, 314 181 NGC 596 (H II-4), 304 NGC 404 (H II-224), 313 NGC 4346 (H I-210), 181 NGC 615 (H II-282), 305 NGC 752 (H VII-32), 309 NGC 4449 (H I-213), 186 NGC 720 (H I-105), 306 NGC 891 (H V-19), 310 NGC 4485 (H I-197), 185 NGC 779 (H I-101), 306 NGC 7662 (H IV-18), 308 NGC 4490 (H I-198), 184 NGC 936 (H IV-23), 316 NGC 7686 (H VIII-69), 308 NGC 4618 (H I-178), 185 NGC 1022 (H I-102), 318 Aquarius NGC 4627, 189 NGC 1052 (H I-163), 318 specific objects in NGC 4631 (H V-42), 189 NGC 1055 (H II-6), 316 NGC 7009 (H IV-1), 267 NGC 4656 (H I-176), 189 Coma Berenices NGC 7606 (H I-104), 285 NGC 4800 (H I-211), 194 specific objects in NGC 7723 (H I-110), 285 NGC 5005 (H I-96), 193 M85, 169 NGC 7727 (H I-111), 286 NGC 5033 (H I-97), 192 M88, 166

359

360 | Index

constellations (cont.) Eridanus Leo Minor NGC 4147 (H I-19), 169 specific objects in specific objects in NGC 4150 (H I-73), 176 NGC 1084 (H I-64), 319 NGC 2859 (H I-137), 79 NGC 4203 (H I-175), 190 NGC 1407 (H I-107), 331 NGC 3245 (H I-86), 114 NGC 4245 (H I-74), 175 NGC 1535 (H IV-26), 331 NGC 3254, 114 NGC 4251 (H I-89), 173 Gemini NGC 3277 (H II-359), 114 NGC 4274 (H I-75), 174 specific objects in NGC 3294 (H I-164), 117 NGC 4278 (H I-90), 174 NGC 2129 (H VIII-26), 34 NGC 3344 (H I-81), 115 NGC 4293 (H V-5), 168 NGC 2158 (H VI-17), 34 NGC 3395 (H I-116), 116 NGC 4314 (H I-76), 175 NGC 2266 (H VI-21), 72 NGC 3414 (H II-362), 115 NGC 4340, 169 NGC 2304 (H VI-2), 72 NGC 3432 (H I-172), 117 NGC 4350 (H II-86), 169 NGC 2355 (H VI-6), 71 NGC 3486 (H I-87), 116 NGC 4394 (H II-55), 168 NGC 2371–72 (H II-316/17), 76 NGC 3504 (H I-88), 116 NGC 4414 (H I-77), 175 NGC 2392 (H IV-45), 75 Lepus NGC 4419 (H II-113), 166 NGC 2395 (H VIII-11), 71 specific objects in NGC 4448 (H I-91), 173 NGC 2420 (H VI-I), 75 NGC 1964 (H IV-21), 30 NGC 4450 (H II-56), 169 Hercules Libra NGC 4459 (H I-169), 165 specific objects in specific objects in NGC 4473 (H II-114), 164 M13, 226 NGC 5897 (H VI-19), 205 NGC 4477 (H II-115), 165 NGC 6207 (H II-701), 226 Lynx NGC 4494 (H I-83), 178 NGC 6217 (H I-280), 227 specific objects in NGC 4548 (H II-120) ¼ M91, NGC 6229 (H IV-50), 226 NGC 2419 (H I-218), 76 166 Hydra NGC 2683 (H I-200), 79 NGC 4559 (H I-92), 178 Specific objects in NGC 2782 (H I-167), 80 NGC 4565 (H V-24), 179 NGC 2548 (H VI-22) ¼ M48, Monoceros NGC 4689 (H II-128), 154 83 specific objects in NGC 4725 (H I-84), 179 NGC 2811 (H II-502), 84 NGC 2183, 54 Corvus NGC 3242 (H IV-27), 107 NGC 2185 (H IV-20), 53 specific objects in NGC 3621 (H I-241), 139 NGC 2215 (H VII-20), 53 NGC 4027 (H II-296), 140 NGC 5694 (H II-196), 192 NGC 2232 (H VIII-25), 52 NGC 4038 (H IV-28), 140 Lacerta NGC 2244 (H VII-2), 28, NGC 4039, 141 specific objects in 51 NGC 4361 (H I-65), 139 NGC 7209 (H VII-53), 273 NGC 2251 (H VIII-3), 52 Crater NGC 7243 (H VIII-75), 273 NGC 2264 (H VIII-5), 51 specific objects in NGC 7296 (H VII-41), 274 NGC 2286 (H VIII-31), 55 NGC 3962 (H I-67), 141 Leo NGC 2301 (H VI-27), 55 Cygnus specific objects in NGC 2311 (H VIII-60), 56 specific objects in NGC 2903 (H I-56), 88 NGC 2324 (H VII-38), 56 NGC 6826 (H IV-73), 261 NGC 2964 (H I-114), 80 NGC 2335 (H VIII-32), 64 NGC 6834 (H VIII-16), 254 NGC 3190 (H II-44), 87 NGC 2343 (H VIII-33), 64 NGC 6866 (H VII-59), 260 NGC 3193 (H II-45), 88 NGC 2353 (H VIII-34), 63 NGC 6910 (H VIII-56), 260 NGC 3226 (H II-28), 87 NGC 2506 (H VI-37), 69 NGC 7000 (H V-37?), 262 NGC 3227 (H II-29), 87 Ophiuchus NGC 7008 (H I-192), 265 NGC 3377 (H II-99), 110 specific objects in NGC 7044 (H VI-24), 262, NGC 3379 (H I-17) ¼ M105, M9, 217 263 110 NGC 6171 (H VI-40) ¼ M107, NGC 7062 (H VII-51), 263 NGC 3384 (H I-18), 110 216 NGC 7086 (H VI-32), 265 NGC 3412 (H I-27), 111 NGC 6235 (H II-584), 221 NGC 7128 (H VII-40), 266 NGC 3489 (H II-101), 111 NGC 6284 (H VI-11), 220 Delphinus NGC 3521 (H I-13), 127 NGC 6287 (H II-195), 220 specific objects in NGC 3593 (H I-29), 128 NGC 6293 (H VI-12), 222 NGC 6905 (H IV-16), 257 NGC 3607 (H II-50), 131 NGC 6304 (H I-147), 223 NGC 6934 (H I-103), 257 NGC 3608 (H II-51), 131 NGC 6316 (H I-45), 223 NGC 7006 (H I-52), 258 NGC 3626 (H II-52), 130 NGC 6342 (H I-149), 217 Draco NGC 3628 (H V-8), 129 NGC 6355 (H I-46), 222 specific objects in NGC 3640 (H II-33), 127 NGC 6356 (H I-48), 217 NGC 3147 (H I-79), 41 NGC 3655 (H I-5), 129 NGC 6369 (H IV-11), 219 NGC 5866 (H I-215), 213 NGC 3686 (H II-160), 130 NGC 6401 (H I-44), 219 NGC 5907 (H II-759), 214 NGC 3810 (H I-21), 128 NGC 6426 (H II-587), 231 NGC 5982 (H II-764), 213 NGC 3900 (H I-82), 124 NGC 6517 (H II-199), 230 NGC 6543 (H IV-37), 214 NGC 3912 (H II-342), 124 NGC 6633 (H VIII-72), 231

Index | 361

Orion NGC 6520 (H VII-7), 239 NGC 3034 (H IV-79) ¼ M82, 39 specific objects in NGC 6522 (H I-49), 237 NGC 3077 (H I-286), 39 NGC 1788 (H V-32), 30 NGC 6528 (H II-200), 237 NGC 3079 (H V-47), 44 NGC 1980 (H V-31), 31 NGC 6540 (H II-198), 240 NGC 3184 (H I-168), 89 NGC 1999 (H IV-33), 32 NGC 6544 (H II-197), 240 NGC 3198 (H I-199), 89 NGC 2022 (H IV-34), 28 NGC 6553 (H IV-12), 241 NGC 3310 (H IV-60), 92 NGC 2024 (H V-28), 31 NGC 6568 (H VII-30), 243 NGC 3556 (H V-46) ¼ M108, 92 NGC 2169 (H VIII-24), 27 NGC 6569 (H II-201), 238 NGC 3610 (H I-270), 94 NGC 2186 (H VII-25), 28 NGC 6583 (H VII-31), 244 NGC 3613 (H I-271), 94 NGC 2194 (H VI-5), 27 NGC 6624 (H I-50), 236 NGC 3619 (H I-244), 94 Pegasus NGC 6629 (H II-204), 235 NGC 3631 (H I-226), 93 specific objects in NGC 6638 (H I-51), 234 NGC 3665 (H I-219), 123 NGC 7217 (H II-207), 283 NGC 6642 (H II-205), 234 NGC 3675 (H I-194), 120 NGC 7331 (H I-53), 283 NGC 6645 (H VI-23), 244 NGC 3718, 93 NGC 7448 (H II-251), 280 NGC 6818 (H IV-51), 246 NGC 3726 (H II-730), 119 NGC 7479 (H I-55), 280 NGC 6822, 246 NGC 3729 (H I-222), 93 NGC 7814 (H II-240), 281 Scorpius NGC 3813 (H I-94), 123 Perseus specific objects in NGC 3877 (H I-201), 119 specific objects in M4, 216 NGC 3893 (H II-738), 119 NGC 651 (H I-193) ¼ M76, 322 NGC 6144 (H VI-10), 216 NGC 3898 (H I-228), 100 NGC 869 (H VI-33), 324 NGC 6451 (H VI-13), 224 NGC 3938 (H I-203), 121 NGC 884 (H VI-34), 325 Sculptor NGC 3941 (H I-173), 124 NGC 1023 (H I-156), 322 specific objects in NGC 3945 (H I-251), 101 NGC 1245 (H VI-25), 327 NGC 253 (H V-1), 300 NGC 3949 (H I-202), 119 NGC 1342 (H VIII-88), 323 NGC 288 (H VI-20), 300 NGC 3953 (H V-45), 96 NGC 1444 (H VIII-80), 329 NGC 613 (H I-281), 302 NGC 3982 (H IV-62), 100 NGC 1513 (H VII-60), 327 Scutum NGC 3990, 100 NGC 1528 (H VII-61), 328 specific objects in NGC 3992 (H IV-61) ¼ M109, 96 NGC 1545 (H VIII-85), 328 M26, 247 NGC 3998 (H I-229), 100 Pisces NGC 6664 (H VIII-12), 246 NGC 4026 (H I-223), 97 specific objects in NGC 6712 (H I-47), 247 NGC 4036 (H I-253), 102 NGC 488 (H III-252), 319 Serpens NGC 4041 (H I-252), 102 NGC 524 (H I-151), 319 specific objects in NGC 4051 (H IV-56), 182 Puppis IC 4756, 231 NGC 4085 (H I-224), 98 specific objects in NGC 6118 (H II-402), 230 NGC 4088 (H I-206), 97 NGC 2421 (H VII-67), 62 Sextans NGC 4102 (H I-225), 98 NGC 2422 (H VIII-38) ¼ M47, 66 specific objects in NGC 5322 (H I-256), 206 NGC 2423 (H VII-28), 66 NGC 2974 (H I-61), 84 NGC 5473 (H I-231), 207 NGC 2438 (H IV-39), 63, 67 NGC 3115 (H I-163), 107 NGC 5474 (H I-214), 207 NGC 2440 (H IV-64), 63 NGC 3165, 108 NGC 5631 (H I-236), 208 NGC 2479 (H VII-58), 68 NGC 3166 (H I-3), 108 Virgo NGC 2482 (H VII-10), 58 NGC 3169 (H I-4), 108 specific objects in NGC 2489 (H VII-23), 58 Taurus M49, 159, 160 NGC 2509 (H VIII-1), 67 specific objects in M58, 162 NGC 2527 (H VIII-30), 59 NGC 1647 (H VIII-8), 21 M59, 156 NGC 2539 (H VII-11), 68 NGC 1807, 21 M60, 156 NGC 2567 (H VII-64), 60 NGC 1817 (H VII-4), 21 M84, 164 NGC 2571 (H VI-39), 59 Triangulum M86, 40, 164 Pyxis specific objects in M87, 162, 163 specific objects in NGC 598 (H V-17) ¼ M33, 313 M89, 162 NGC 2613 (H II-266), 82 Ursa Major NGC 4030 (H I-121), 133 NGC 2627 (H VII-63), 60 specific objects in NGC 4179 (H I-9), 133 Sagittarius M101, 207 NGC 4216 (H I-35), 170 specific objects in NGC 2681 (H I-242), 45 NGC 4251 (H I-89), 173 M20, 243 NGC 2742 (H I-249), 43 NGC 4261 (H II-139), 135 M22, 234 NGC 2768 (H I-250), 43 NGC 4264, 135 M23, 233 NGC 2787 (H I-216), 40 NGC 4273 (H II-569), 135 M25, 244 NGC 2841 (H I-205), 44 NGC 4281 (H II-573), 134 NGC 6440 (H I-150), 233 NGC 2950 (H IV-68), 43 NGC 4303 (H I-139) ¼ M61, 134 NGC 6445 (H II-586), 233 NGC 2976 (H I-285), 40 NGC 4365 (H I-30), 160 NGC 6514 (H IV-41), 243 NGC 2985 (H I-78), 41 NGC 4371 (H I-22), 163

362 | Index

constellations (cont.) Donaldson, W. K., 5 NGC 2775 (H I-2), 83 NGC 4414 (H I-77), 175 Double Cluster (see NGC 869 & 884) NGC 2782 (H I-167), 80 NGC 4429 (H II-65), 163 double and multiple stars NGC 2787 (H I-216), 40 NGC 4435 (H I-28,1), 164 HN 40, 243 NGC 2811 (H II-502), 84 NGC 4438 (H I-28,2), 164 Struve 485, 35 NGC 2841 (H I-205), 44 NGC 4442 (H II-1560), 160 Struve 747, 32 NGC 2859 (H I-137), 79 NGC 4478 (H II-124), 162 Struve 752, 31 NGC 2895 (H I-78), 41 NG C 4 52 6 ( H I -3 1 ¼ H I-38), 158 Struve 1121, 66 NGC 2903 (H I-56), 88 NGC 4527 (H II-37), 151 Dreyer, Johann Louis Emil, 5 NGC 2950 (H IV-68), 43 NGC 4535 (H II-500), 159 NGC 2964 (H I-114), 80 NGC 4536 (H V-2), 150 Eskimo Nebula (see NGC 2392) NGC 2968, 81 NGC 4546 (H I-160), 146 E. T. Cluster, 295 NGC 2970, 81 NGC 4550 (H I-36), 162 NGC 2974 (H I-61), 84 NGC 4559 (H I-92), 178 finder charts NGC 2976 (H I-285), 40 NGC 4570 (H I-32), 160 description of detailed, 12–14 NGC 3034 (H IV-79) ¼ M82, 39 NGC 4594 (H I-43) ¼ M104, 141 Flamsteed, John NGC 3077 (H I-286), 39, 40 NGC 4596 (H I-24), 155 and his star numbering system, 11 NGC 3079 (H V-47), 44 NGC 4608, 156 NGC 3115 (H I-163), 107 NGC 4636 (H II-38), 150 galaxies NGC 3147 (H I-79), 41 NGC 4643 (H I-10), 150 definition of, 6 NGC 3165, 108 NGC 4654 (H II-126), 155 specific objects NGC 3166 (H I-3), 108 NGC 4660 (H II-71), 156 M31, 287 NGC 3169 (H I-4), 108 NGC 4665 (H I-142), 149 M51, 194 NGC 3184 (H I-168), 89 NGC 4666 (H I-15), 148 M85, 169 NGC 3190 (H II-44), 87 NGC 4697 (H I-39), 146 M88, 166 NGC 3193 (H II-45), 88 NGC 4698 (H I-8), 158 M101, 207 NGC 3198 (H I-199), 89 NGC 4699 (H I-129), 145 NGC 157 (H II-3), 303 NGC 3226 (H II-28), 87 NGC 4753 (H I-16), 149 NGC 185 (H II-707), 287 NGC 3227 (H II-29), 87 NGC 4754 (H I-25), 154 NGC 205 (H V-18) ¼ M110, 314 NGC 3245 (H I-86), 114 NGC 4762 (H II-75), 154 NGC 247 (H V-20), 299 NGC 3254, 114 NGC 4781 (H I-134), 145 NGC 253 (H V-1), 300 NGC 3277 (H II-359), 114 NGC 4845 (H II-536), 151 NGC 278 (H I-159), 288 NGC 3294 (H I-164), 117 NGC 4856 (H I-68), 142 NGC 404 (H II-224), 313 NGC 3310 (H IV-60), 92 NGC 4866 (H I-162), 156 NGC 488 (H III-252), 319 NGC 3344 (H I-81), 115 NGC 4900 (H I-143), 152 NGC 524 (H I-151), 319 NGC 3377 (H II-99), 110 NGC 4958 (H I-130), 144 NGC 584 (H I-100), 305 NGC 3379 (H I-17) ¼ M105, 110 NGC 4995 (H I-42), 145 NGC 596 (H II-4), 304 NGC 3384 (H I-18), 110 NGC 5044, 142 NGC 598 (H V-17) ¼ M33, 313 NGC 3395 (H I-116), 116 NGC 5054 (H II-513), 142 NGC 613 (H I-281), 302 NGC 3412 (H I-27), 111 NGC 5363 (H I-6), 196 NGC 615 (H II-282), 305 NGC 3414 (H II-362), 115 NGC 5364 (H II-534), 196 NGC 720 (H I-105), 306 NGC 3432 (H I-172), 117 NGC 5566 (H I-144), 197 NGC 772 (H I-112), 309 NGC 3486 (H I-87), 116 NGC 5574, 198 NGC 779 (H I-101), 306 NGC 3489 (H II-101), 111 NGC 5576 (H I-146), 198 NGC 891 (H V-19), 310 NGC 3504 (H I-88), 116 NGC 5634 (H I-70), 204 NGC 908 (H I-153), 315 NGC 3521 (H I-13), 127 NGC 5746 (H I-126), 204 NGC 936 (H IV-23), 316 NGC 3549, 93 NGC 5846 (H I-128), 205 NGC 1022 (H I-102), 318 NGC 3556 (H V-46) ¼ M108, 92 Vulpecula NGC 1023 (H I-156), 322 NGC 3593 (H I-29), 128 specific objects in NGC 1052 (H I-163), 318 NGC 3607 (H II-50), 131 NGC 6802 (H VI-14), 252 NGC 1055 (H II-6), 316 NGC 3608 (H II-51), 131 NGC 6823 (H VII-18), 253 NGC 1084 (H I-64), 319 NGC 3610 (H I-270), 94 NGC 6830 (H VII-9), 252 NGC 1407 (H I-107), 331 NGC 3613 (H I-271), 94 NGC 6882 (H VIII-22), 255 NGC 1961 (H III-747), 36 NGC 3619 (H I-244), 94 NGC 6885 (H VIII-20), 255 NGC 1964 (H IV-21), 30 NGC 3621 (H I-241), 139 NGC 6940 (H VII-8), 255 NGC 2403 (H V-44), 36 NGC 3626 (H II-52), 130 NGC 2613 (H II-266), 82 NGC 3628 (H V-8), 129 Corwin, Harold G., 255 NGC 2655 (H I-288), 37 NGC 3631 (H I-226), 93 NGC 2681, 45 NGC 3640 (H II-33), 127 declination NGC 2683 (H I-200), 79 NGC 3655 (H I-5), 129 definition of, 6 NGC 2742 (H I-249), 43 NGC 3665 (H I-219), 123 Djorgovski, S., 240 NGC 2768 (H I-250), 43 NGC 3675 (H I-194), 120

Index | 363

NGC 3686 (H II-160), 130 NGC 4442 (H II-156), 160 NGC 5557 (H I-99), 212 NGC 3718, 93 NGC 4448 (H I-91), 173 NGC 5566 (H I-144), 197 NGC 3726 (H II-730), 119 NGC 4449 (H I-213), 186 NGC 5574, 198 NGC 3729 (H I-222), 93 NGC 4450 (H II-56), 169 NGC 5576 (H I-146), 198 NGC 3810 (H I-21), 128 NGC 4459 (H I-169), 165 NGC 5631 (H I-236), 208 NGC 3813 (H I-94), 123 NGC 4473 (H II-114), 164 NGC 5676 (H I-189), 209 NGC 3877 (H I-201), 119 NGC 4477 (H II-115), 165 NGC 5689 (H I-188), 209 NGC 3893 (H II-738), 119 NGC 4478 (H II-124), 162 NGC 5746 (H I-126), 204 NGC 3898 (H I-228), 100 NGC 4485 (H I-197), 185 NGC 5846 (H I-128), 205 NGC 3900 (H I-82), 124 NGC 4490 (H I-198), 184 NGC 5866 (H I-215), 213 NGC 3912 (H II-342), 124 NGC 4494 (H I-83), 178 NGC 5982 (H II-764), 213 NGC 3938 (H I-203), 121 NGC 4526 (H I-31 ¼ H I-38), 158 NGC 6217 (H I-280), 227 NGC 3941 (H I-173), 124 NGC 4527 (H II-37), 151 NGC 6822, 246 NGC 3945 (H I-251), 101 NGC 4535 (H II-500), 159 NGC 6946 (H IV-76), 275 NGC 3949 (H I-202), 119 NGC 4536 (H V-2), 150 NGC 7217 (H II-207), 283 NGC 3953 (H V-45), 96 NGC 4546 (H I-160), 146 NGC 7331 (H I-53), 283 NGC 3962 (H I-67), 141 NGC 4548 (H II-120) ¼ M91, 166 NGC 7448 (H II-251), 280 NGC 3982 (H IV-62), 100 NGC 4550 (H I-36), 162 NGC 7479 (H I-55), 280 NGC 3992 (H IV-61) ¼ M109, 96 NGC 4565 (H V-24), 179 NGC 7606 (H I-104), 285 NGC 3998 (H I-229), 100 NGC 4570 (H I-32), 160 NGC 7723 (H I-110), 285 NGC 4026 (H I-223), 97 NGC 4594 (H I-43) ¼ M104, 141 NGC 7727 (H I-111), 286 NGC 4027 (H II-296), 140 NGC 4596 (H I-24), 155 NGC 7814 (H II-240), 281 NGC 4030 (H I-121), 133 NGC 4608, 156 General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters (GC),5 NGC 4036 (H I-253), 102 NGC 4618 (H I-178), 185 Ghost of Jupiter Nebula (see NGC 4038 (H IV-28), 140 NGC 4627, 189 NGC 3242) NGC 4039, 141 NGC 4631 (H V-42), 189 Gingerich, Owen, 92, 96 NGC 4041 (H I-252), 102 NGC 4636 (H II-38), 150 globular star clusters NGC 4051 (H IV-56), 182 NGC 4643 (H I-10), 150 definition of, 6 NGC 4085 (H I-224), 98 NGC 4654 (H II-126), 155 specific objects NGC 4088 (H I-206), 97 NGC 4656 (H I-176), 189 M4, 216 NGC 4102 (H I-225), 98 NGC 4660 (H II-71), 156 M9, 217 NGC 4111 (H I-195), 182 NGC 4665 (H I-142), 149 M13, 226 NGC 4143 (H IV-54), 182 NGC 4666 (H I-15), 148 M22, 234 NGC 4150 (H I-73), 176 NGC 4689 (H II-128), 154 M72, 267 NGC 4151 (H I-165), 188 NGC 4697 (H I-39), 146 NGC 288 (H VI-20), 300 NGC 4179 (H I-9), 133 NGC 4698 (H I-8), 158 NGC 2419 (H I-218), 76 NGC 4203 (H I-175), 190 NGC 4699 (H I-129), 145 NGC 4147 (H I-19), 169 NGC 4214 (H I-95), 188 NGC 4725 (H I-84), 179 NGC 5466 (H VI-9), 212 NGC 4216 (H I-35), 170 NGC 4753 (H I-16), 149 NGC 5634 (H I-70), 204 NGC 4261 (H II-139), 135 NGC 4754 (H I-25), 154 NGC 5694 (H II-196), 192 NGC 4264, 135 NGC 4762 (H II-75), 154 NGC 5897 (H VI-19), 205 NGC 4273 (H II-569), 135 NGC 4781 (H I-134), 145 NGC 5907 (H II-759), 214 NGC 4244, 188 NGC 4800 (H I-211), 194 NGC 6118 (H II-402), 230 NGC 4245 (H I-74), 175 NGC 4845 (H II-536), 151 NGC 6144 (H VI-10), 216 NGC 4258 (H V-43) ¼ M106, 181 NGC 4856 (H I-68), 142 NGC 6171 (H VI-40) ¼ M107, 216 NGC 4274 (H I-75), 174 NGC 4866 (H I-162), 156 NGC 6207 (H II-701), 226 NGC 4278 (H I-90), 174 NGC 4900 (H I-143), 152 NGC 6229 (H IV-50), 226 NGC 4281 (H II-573), 134 NGC 4958 (H I-130), 144 NGC 6235 (H II-584), 221 NGC 4293 (H V-5), 168 NGC 4995 (H I-42), 145 NGC 6284 (H VI-11), 220 NGC 4303 (H I-131) ¼ M61, 134 NGC 5005 (H I-96), 193 NGC 6304 (H I-147), 223 NGC 4314 (H I-76), 175 NGC 5033 (H I-97), 192 NGC 6316 (H I-45), 223 NGC 4340, 169 NGC 5044, 142 NGC 6342 (H I-149), 217 NGC 4346 (H I-210), 181 NGC 5054 (H II-513), 142 NGC 6355 (H I-46), 222 NGC 4350 (H II-86), 169 NGC 5195 (H I-186), 194 NGC 6356 (H I-48), 217 NGC 4365 (H I-30), 160 NGC 5248 (H I-34), 197 NGC 6401 (H I-44), 219 NGC 4371 (H I-22), 163 NGC 5273 (H I-98), 193 NGC 6426 (H II-587), 231 NGC 4394 (H II-55), 168 NGC 5322 (H I-256), 206 NGC 6440 (H I-150), 233 NGC 4419 (H II-113), 166 NGC 5363 (H I-6), 196 NGC 6517 (H II-199), 230 NGC 4429 (H II-65), 163 NGC 5364 (H II-534), 196 NGC 6522 (H I-49), 237 NGC 4435 (H I-28,1), 164 NGC 5473 (H I-231), 207 NGC 6528 (H II-200), 237 NGC 4438 (H I-28,2), 164 NGC 5474 (H I-214), 207 NGC 6540 (H II-198), 240

364 | Index

globular star clusters (cont.) H I-44 (NGC 6401), 219 H I-139 (NGC 4303) ¼ M61, 134 NGC 6544 (H II-197), 240 H I-45 (NGC 6316), 223 H I-142 (NGC 4665), 149 NGC 6553 (H IV-12), 241 H I-47 (NGC 6712), 247 H I-143 (NGC 4900), 152 NGC 6569 (H II-201), 238 H I-48 (NGC 6356), 217 H I-144 (NGC 5566), 197 NGC 6624 (H I-50), 236 H I-49 (NGC 6522), 237 H I-146 (NGC 5576), 198 NGC 6638 (H I-51), 234 H I-50 (NGC 6624), 236 H I-147 (NGC 6304), 223 NGC 6642 (H II-205), 234 H I-51 (NGC 6638), 234 H I-149 (NGC 6342), 217 NGC 6712 (H I-47), 247 H I-52 (NGC 7006), 258 H I-150 (NGC 6440), 233 NGC 6934 (H I-103), 257 H I-53 (NGC 7331), 283 H I-151 (NGC 254), 319 NGC 7006 (H I-52), 258 H I-55 (NGC 7479), 280 H I-153 (NGC 908), 315 Greek letters H I-56 (NGC 2903), 88 H I-156 (NGC 1023), 322 in star names, 10 H I-61 (NGC 2974), 84 H I-159 (NGC 278), 288 H I-63 (NGC 1052), 318 H I-160 (NGC 4546), 146 Hagrid’s Dragon (see NGC 2301) H I-64 (NGC 1084), 319 H I-162 (NGC 4866), 156 Herschel, Caroline, ix, 48, 83, 260, H I-65 (NGC 4361), 139 H I-163 (NGC 3115), 107 278, 293, 294, 297, H I-67 (NGC 3962), 141 H I-164 (NGC 3294), 117 300, 314 H I-68 (NGC 4856), 142 H I-165 (NGC 4151), 188 comet sweeps by, 2 H I-70 (NGC 5634), 204 H I-167 (NGC 2782), 80 early life with William, 2 H I-73 (NGC 4150), 176 H I-168 (NGC 3184), 89 moves to Dachet, 2 H I-74 (NGC 4245), 175 H I-169 (NGC 4459), 165 salaried as an astronomer, 2 H I-75 (NGC 4274), 174 H I-172 (NGC 3432), 117 nebula discoveries by, 2 H I-76 (NGC 4314), 175 H I-173 (NGC 3941), 124 Herschel 400 H I-77 (NGC 4414), 175 H I-175 (NGC 4203), 190 club, ix H I-78, 41 H I-176 (NGC 4656), 189 composition of, ix H I-79 (NGC 3147), 41 H I-178 (NGC 4618), 185 history of, ix H I-81 (NGC 3344), 115 H I-186 (NGC 5195), 194 Herschel 400 objects H I-82 (NGC 3900), 124 H I-188 (NGC 5689), 209 as they appear through a 4-inch H I-83 (NGC 4494), 178 H I-189 (NGC 5676), 209 telescope, 10, 15 H I-84 (NGC 4725), 179 H I-192 (NGC 7008), 265 by class and number H I-86 (NGC 3245), 114 H I-193 (NGC 651) ¼ M76, 322 H I-2 (NGC 2775), 83 H I-87 (NGC 3486), 116 H I-194 (NGC 3675), 120 H I-3 (NGC 3166), 108 H I-88 (NGC 3504), 116 H I-195 (NGC 4111), 182 H I-4 (NGC 3169), 108 H I-89 (NGC 4251), 173 H I-197 (NGC 4485), 185 H I-5 (NGC 3655), 129 H I-90 (NGC 4278), 174 H I-198 (NGC 4490), 184 H I-6 (NGC 5363), 196 H I-91 (NGC 4448), 173 H I-199 (NGC 3198), 89 H I-8 (NGC 4698), 158 H I-92 (NGC 4559), 178 H I-200 (NGC 2683), 79 H I-9 (NGC 4179), 133 H I-94 (NGC 3813), 123 H I-201 (NGC 3877), 119 H I-10 (NGC 4643), 150 H I-95 (NGC 4214), 188 H I-202 (NGC 3949), 119 H I-13 (NGC 3521), 127 H I-96 (NGC 5005), 193 H I-203 (NGC 3938), 121 H I-15 (NGC 4666), 148 H I-97 (NGC 5033), 192 H I-205 (NGC 2841), 44 H I-16 (NGC 4753), 149 H I-98 (NGC 5273), 193 H I-206 (NGC 4088), 97 H I-17 (NGC 3379) ¼ M105, 110 H I-99 (NGC 5557), 212 H I-210 (NGC 4346), 181 H I-18 (NGC 3384), 110 H I-100 (NGC 584), 305 H I-211 (NGC 4800), 194 H I-19 (NGC 4147), 169 H I-101 (NGC 779), 306 H I-213 (NGC 4449), 186 H I-21 (NGC 3810), 128 H I-102 (NGC 1022), 318 H I-214 (NGC 5474), 207 H I-22 (NGC 4371), 163 H I-103 (NGC 6934), 257 H I-215 (NGC 5866), 213 H I-24 (NGC 4596), 155 H I-104 (NGC 7606), 285 H I-216 (NGC 2787), 40 H I-25 (NGC 4754), 154 H I-105 (NGC 720), 306 H I-218 (NGC 2419), 76 H I-27 (NGC 3412), 111 H I-107 (NGC 1407), 331 H I-219 (NGC 3665), 123 H I-28,1 (NGC 4435), 164 H I-110 (NGC 7723), 285 H I-222 (NGC 3729), 93 H I-28,2 (NGC 4438), 164 H I-111 (NGC 7727), 286 H I-223 (NGC 4026), 97 H I-29 (NGC 3593), 128 H I-112 (NGC 772), 309 H I-224 (NGC 4085), 98 H I-30 (NGC 4365), 160 H I-114 (NGC 2964), 80 H I-225 (NGC 4102), 98 H I-31 ¼ H I-38 (NGC 4526), 158 H I-116 (NGC 3395), 116 H I-226 (NGC 3631), 93 H I-32 (NGC 4570), 160 H I-121 (NGC 4030), 133 H I-228 (NGC 3898), 100 H I-34 (NGC 5248), 197 H I-126 (NGC 5746), 204 H I-229 (NGC 3998), 100 H I-35 (NGC 4216), 170 H I-128 (NGC 5846), 205 H I-231 (NGC 5473), 207 H I-36 (NGC 4550), 162 H I-129 (NGC 4699), 145 H I-236 (NGC 5631), 208 H I-39 (NGC 4697), 146 H I-130 (NGC 4958), 144 H I-241 (NGC 3621), 139 H I-42 (NGC 4995), 145 H I-134 (NGC 4781), 145 H I-242 (NGC 2681), 45 H I-43 (NGC 4594) ¼ M104, 141 H I-137 (NGC 2859), 79 H I-244 (NGC 3619), 94

Index | 365

H I-249 (NGC 2742), 43 H II-282 (NGC 615), 305 H V-5 (NGC 4293), 168 H I-250 (NGC 2768), 43 H II-296 (NGC 4027), 140 H V-8 (NGC 3628), 129 H I-251 (NGC 3945), 101 H II-316/17 (NGC 2371–72), 76 H V-17 (NGC 598) ¼ M33, 313 H I-252 (NGC 4041), 102 H II-342 (NGC 3912), 124 H V-18 (NGC 205) ¼ M110, 314 H I-253 (NGC 4036), 102 H II-359 (NGC 3277), 114 H V-19 (NGC 891), 310 H I-256 (NGC 5322), 206 H II-362 (NGC 3414), 115 H V-20 (NGC 247), 299 H I-261 (NGC 1931), 25 H II-402 (NGC 6118), 230 H V-24 (NGC 4565), 179 H I-270 (NGC 3610), 94 H II-500 (NGC 4535), 159 H V-25 (NGC 246), 302 H I-271 (NGC 3613), 94 H II-502 (NGC 2811), 84 H V-28 (NGC 2024), 31 H I-280 (NGC 6217), 227 H II-513 (NGC 5054), 142 H V-31 (NGC 1980), 31 H I-281 (NGC 613), 302 H II-534 (NGC 5364), 196 H V-32 (NGC 1788), 30 H I-285 (NGC 2976), 40 H II-536 (NGC 4845), 151 H V-37? (NGC 7000), 262 H I-286 (NGC 3077), 39 H II-569 (NGC 4273), 135 H V-42 (NGC 4631), 189 H I-288 (NGC 2655), 37 H II-573 (NGC 4281), 134 H V-43 (NGC 4258) ¼ M106, 181 H II-584 (NGC 6235), 221 H V-44 (NGC 2403), 36 H II-3 (NGC 157), 303 H II-586 (NGC 6445), 233 H V-45 (NGC 3953), 96 H II-4 (NGC 596), 304 H II-587 (NGC 6426), 231 H V-46 (NGC 3556) ¼ M108, 92 H II-6 (NGC 1055), 316 H II-701 (NGC 6207), 226 H V-47 (NGC 3079), 44 H II-28 (NGC 3226), 87 H II-707 (NGC 185), 287 H II-29 (NGC 3227), 87 H II-730 (NGC 3726), 120 H VI-1 (NGC 2420), 75 H II-33 (NGC 3640), 127 H II-738 (NGC 3893), 119 H VI-2 (NGC 2304), 72 H II-37 (NGC 4527), 151 H II-759 (NGC 5907), 214 H VI-5 (NGC 2194), 27 H II-38 (NGC 4636), 150 H II-764 (NGC 5982), 213 H VI-6 (NGC 2355), 71 H II-44 (NGC 3190), 87 H VI-9 (NGC 5466), 212 H II-45 (NGC 3193), 88 H III-252 (NGC 488), 319 H VI-10 (NGC 6144), 216 H II-50 (NGC 3607), 131 H III-743 (NGC 6781), 249 H VI-11 (NGC 6284), 220 H II-51 (NGC 3608), 131 H III-747 (NGC 1961), 36 H VI-12 (NGC 6293), 222 H II-52 (NGC 3626), 130 H IV-1 (NGC 7009), 267 H VI-13 (NGC 6451), 224 H II-55 (NGC 4394), 168 H IV-11 (NGC 6369), 219 H VI-14 (NGC 6802), 252 H II-56 (NGC 4450), 169 H IV-12 (NGC 6553), 241 H VI-17 (NGC 2158), 34 H II-65 (NGC 4429), 163 H IV-16 (NGC 6905), 257 H VI-19 (NGC 5897), 205 H II-71 (NGC 4660), 156 H IV-18 (NGC 7662), 308 H VI-20 (NGC 288), 300 H II-75 (NGC 4762), 154 H IV-20 (NGC 2185), 53 H VI-21 (NGC 2266), 72 H II-86 (NGC 4350), 169 ¼ H IV-21 (NGC 1964), 30 H VI-22 (NGC 2548) M48, 83 H II-99 (NGC 3377), 110 H IV-23 (NGC 936), 316 H VI-23 (NGC 6645), 244 H II-101 (NGC 3489), 111 H IV-26 (NGC 1535), 331 H VI-24 (NGC 7044), 262, 263 H II-113 (NGC 4419), 166 H IV-27 (NGC 3242), 107 H VI-25 (NGC 1245), 327 H II-114 (NGC 4473), 164 H IV-28 (NGC 4038), 140 H VI-27 (NGC 2301), 55 H II-115 (NGC 4477), 165 H IV-33 (NGC 1999), 32 H VI-30 (NGC 7789), 288 H II-120 (NGC 4548) ¼ M91, H IV-34 (NGC 2022), 28 H VI-31 (NGC 663), 298 166 H IV-37 (NGC 6543), 214 H VI-32 (NGC 7086), 265 H II-124 (NGC 4478), 162 H IV-39 (NGC 2438), 67 H VI-33 (NGC 869), 324 H II-126 (NGC 4654), 155 H IV-41 (NGC 6514), 243 H VI-34 (NGC 884), 325 H II-128 (NGC 4689), 154 H IV-45 (NGC 2392), 75 H VI-35 (NGC 136), 292 H II-139 (NGC 4261), 135 H IV-50 (NGC 6229), 226 H VI-37 (NGC 2506), 69 H II-156 (NGC 4442), 160 H IV-51 (NGC 6818), 246 H VI-39 (NGC 2571), 59 H II-160 (NGC 3686), 130 ¼ H IV-53 (NGC 1501), 35 H VI-40 (NGC 6171) M107, 216 H II-195 (NGC 6287), 220 H IV-54 (NGC 4143), 182 H VI-42 (NGC 6939), 275 H II-196 (NGC 5694), 192 H IV-56 (NGC 4051), 182 H II-197 (NGC 6544), 240 H VII-2 (NGC 2244), 28, 51 H IV-58 (NGC 40), 279 H II-198 (NGC 6540), 240 H VII-4 (NGC 1817), 21 H IV-60 (NGC 3310), 92 H II-199 (NGC 6517), 230 H VII-7 (NGC 6520), 239 H IV-61 (NGC 3992) ¼ M109, 96 H II-200 (NGC 6528), 237 H VII-8 (NGC 6940), 255 H IV-62 (NGC 3982), 100 H II-201 (NGC 6569), 238 H VII-9 (NGC 6830), 252 H IV-64 (NGC 2440), 63 H II-204 (NGC 6629), 235 H VII-10 (NGC 2482), 58 H IV-68 (NGC 2950), 43 H II-205 (NGC 6642), 234 H VII-11 (NGC 2539), 68 H IV-73 (NGC 6826), 261 H II-207 (NGC 7217), 283 H VII-12 (NGC 2360), 49 H IV-76 (NGC 6946), 275 H II-224 (NGC 404), 313 H VII-13 (NGC 2204), 48 H IV-79 (NGC 3034) ¼ M82, 39 H II-240 (NGC 7814), 281 H VII-16 (NGC 2354), 48 H II-251 (NGC 7448), 280 H V-1 (NGC 253), 300 H VII-17 (NGC 2362), 49 H II-266 (NGC 2613), 82 H V-2 (NGC 4536), 150 H VII-18 (NGC 6823), 253

366 | Index

Herschel 400 objects (cont.) H VIII-72 (NGC 6633), 231 M23, 233 H VII-19 (NGC 6755), 248 H VIII-75 (NGC 7243), 273 M25, 244 H VII-20 (NGC 2215), 53 H VIII-77 (NGC 7380), 278 M26, 247 H VII-23 (NGC 2489), 58 H VIII-78 (NGC 225), 293 M27, 252 H VII-25 (NGC 2186), 28 H VIII-79 (NGC 129), 292 M31, 287 H VII-28 (NGC 2423), 66 H VIII-80 (NGC 1444), 329 M33 ¼ NGC 598 (H V-17), 313 H VII-30 (NGC 6568), 243 H VIII-85 (NGC 1545), 328 M34, 323 H VII-31 (NGC 6583), 244 H VIII-88 (NGC 1342), 323 M35, 34 H VII-32 (NGC 752), 309 how to find, 14 –15 M38, 25 H VII-33 (NGC 1857), 24 rating scale, 10 M42, 31 , 32 H VII-38 (NGC 2324), 56 Herschel, John, 5 , 15 M46, 63 , 67 H VII-39 (NGC 1907), 24 and the grand mechanism of the sky, M47 ¼ NGC 2422 (H VIII-38), 66 H VII-40 (NGC 7128), 266 15 –16 M48 ¼ NGC 2548 (H VI-22), 83 H VII-42 (NGC 457), 295 Herschel, William, 2 – 3, 48, 83 , 92, 96 , M49, 159 , 160 H VII-44 (NGC 7510), 278 141 , 166 , 216 , 240 , 243, 255 , M51, 194 H VII-45 (NGC 436), 295 262 , 313 , 322 , 324 M57, 36 H VII-46 (NGC 654), 298 his large 20-foot reflecting telescope, M58, 162 H VII-47 (NGC 1502), 35 2 , 4 – 5 M59, 156 H VII-48 (NGC 559), 296 the nature of double stars, 2 M60, 156 H VII-49 (NGC 637), 296 the nature of nebulae, 2 –3 , 15 –16 M61 ¼ NGC 4303 (H I-139), 134 H VII-51 (NGC 7062), 263 his system for classifying nebulae, 2 –3 M65, 129 H VII-53 (NGC 7209), 273 his systematic survey of the heavens, 2 M66, 129 H VII-56 (NGC 7790), 289 catalogs published by, 2 M72, 267 H VII-58 (NGC 2479), 68 discovery of Uranus by, 2 M73, 267 H VII-59 (NGC 6866), 260 inspired by Caroline’s discoveries, 2 M76, 35, 322 H VII-60 (NGC 1513), 327 moves to Dachet, 2 M77, 316 H VII-61 (NGC 1528), 328 quality of mirrors used by, 4 –5 M81, 39 H VII-62 (NGC 6756), 249 salaried as an astronomer, 2 M82 ¼ NGC 3034 (H IV-79), 39 H VII-63 (NGC 2627), 60 Hockey Stick Galaxy, 190 M84, 164 H VII-64 (NGC 2567), 60 Hodierna, Giovanni Batista, 66 M85, 169 H VII-66 (NGC 7142), 276 Hogg, Helen Sawyer, 141 , 181 , 216 M86, 40, 164 H VII-67 (NGC 2421), 62 M87, 162, 163 M88, 166 H VIII-1 (NGC 2509), 67 Intergalactic Wanderer (see NGC 2419) M89, 162 H VIII-3 (NGC 2251), 52 M91 ¼ NGC 4548 (H II-120), 166 H VIII-5 (NGC 2264), 51 Kilauea, 4 M95, 110 H VIII-8 (NGC 1647), 21 M96, 110 H VIII-11 (NGC 2395), 71 Liquid Pyramid Cluster (see NGC 2362) M97, 93, 96 H VIII-12 (NGC 6664), 246 Little Dumbbell Nebula (see M76) M101, 207 H VIII-16 (NGC 6834), 254 Little Ghost Nebula (see NGC 6369) M104 ¼ NGC 4594 (H I-43), 141 H VIII-20 (NGC 6885), 255 Little Pinwheel Galaxy (see NGC 3184) M105 ¼ NGC 3379 (H I-17), 110 H VIII-22 (NGC 6882), 255 M106 ¼ NGC 4258 (H V-43), 181 H VIII-24 (NGC 2169), 27 Mauna Kea, 3 –4 M107 ¼ NGC 6171 (H VI-40), 216 H VIII-25 (NGC 2232), 52 observing conditions on, 3 – 4 M108 ¼ NGC 3556 (H V-46), 92 H VIII-26 (NGC 2129), 34 telescopes on, 3 M109 ¼ NGC 3992 (H IV-61), 96 H VIII-30 (NGC 2527), 59 magnitude M110 ¼ NGC 205 (H V-18), 314 H VIII-31 (NGC 2286), 55 as defined by an object’s apparent Mitchell, Larry, 2, 3 H VIII-32 (NGC 2335), 64 size, 9 Mullaney, James, ix H VIII-33 (NGC 2353), 64 definition of, 9 H VIII-34 (NGC 2353), 63 limiting, 9 H VIII-38 (NGC 2422) ¼ M47, 66 Mechain, Pierre, 141 , 181, 194, Nagler, Al, 2 H VIII-56 (NGC 6910), 260 216 , 322 New General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters H VIII-59 (NGC 1664), 22 Messier, Charles, ix, 66 , 83 , 92 , 96 , (NGC),5 H VIII-60 (NGC 2311), 56 166 , 194 , 243 , 313 , 314, 322 NGC objects (by number): H VIII-64 (NGC 381), 293 Messier objects, The, ix NGC 40 (H IV-58), 279 H VIII-65 (NGC 659), 297 by number NGC 129 (H VIII-79), 292 H VIII-66 (NGC 1027), 325 M4, 216 NGC 136 (H VI-35), 292 H VIII-67 (NGC 7160), 276 M8, 241 NGC 157 (H II-3), 303 H VIII-68 (NGC 2126), 22 M9, 217 NGC 185 (H II-707), 287 H VIII-69 (NGC 7686), 308 M13, 226 NGC 205 (H V-18) ¼ M110, 314 H VIII-71 (NGC 2281), 25 M22, 234 NGC 225 (H VIII-78), 293

Index | 367

NGC 246 (H V-25), 302 NGC 2126 (H VIII-68), 22 NGC 2859 (H I-137), 79 NGC 247 (H V-20), 299 NGC 2129 (H VIII-26), 34 NGC 2903 (H I-56), 88 NGC 253 (H V-1), 300 NGC 2158 (H VI-17), 34 NGC 2950 (H IV-68), 43 NGC 278 (H I-159), 288 NGC 2169 (H VIII-24), 27 NGC 2964 (H I-114), 80 NGC 288 (H VI-20), 300 NGC 2183, 54 NGC 2968, 81 NGC 381 (H VIII-64), 293 NGC 2185 (H IV-20), 53 NGC 2970, 81 NGC 404 (H II-224), 313 NGC 2186 (H VII-25), 28 NGC 2974 (H I-61), 84 NGC 436 (H VII-45), 295 NGC 2194 (H VI-5), 27 NGC 2976 (H I-285), 40 NGC 457 (H VII-42), 295 NGC 2204 (H VII-13), 48 NGC 2985 (H I-78), 41 NGC 488 (H III-252), 319 NGC 2215 (H VII-20), 53 NGC 3034 (H IV-79) ¼ M82, 39 NGC 524 (H I-151), 319 NGC 2232 (H VIII-25), 52 NGC 3077 (H I-286), 39 NGC 559 (H VII-48), 296 NGC 2244, 28, 51 NGC 3079 (H V-47), 44 NGC 584 (H I-100), 305 NGC 2251 (H VIII-3), 52 NGC 3115 (H I-163), 107 NGC 596 (H II-4), 304 NGC 2264 (H VIII-5), 51 NGC 3147 (H I-79), 41 NGC 598 (H V-17) ¼ M33, 313 NGC 2266 (H VI-21), 72 NGC 3165, 108 NGC 613 (H I-281), 302 NGC 2281 (H VIII-71), 25 NGC 3166 (H I-3), 108 NGC 615 (H II-282), 305 NGC 2286 (H VIII-31), 55 NGC 3169 (H I-4), 108 NGC 637 (H VII-49), 296 NGC 2301 (H VI-27), 55 NGC 3184 (H I-168), 89 NGC 651 (H I-193) ¼ M76, 322 NGC 2304 (H VI-2), 72 NGC 3190 (H II-44), 87 NGC 654 (H VII-46), 298 NGC 2311 (H VIII-60), 56 NGC 3193 (H II-45), 88 NGC 659 (H VIII-65), 297 NGC 2324 (H VII-38), 56 NGC 3198 (H I-199), 89 NGC 663 (H VI-31), 298 NGC 2335 (H VIII-32), 64 NGC 3226 (H II-28), 87 NGC 720 (H I-105), 306 NGC 2343 (H VIII-33), 64 NGC 3227 (H II-29), 87 NGC 752 (H VII-32), 309 NGC 2353 (H VIII-34), 63 NGC 3242 (H IV-27), 107 NGC 772 (H I-112), 309 NGC 2354 (H VII-16), 48 NGC 3245 (H I-86), 114 NGC 779 (H I-101), 306 NGC 2355 (H VI-6), 71 NGC 3254, 114 NGC 869 (H VI-33), 324 NGC 2360 (H VII-12), 49 NGC 3277 (H II-359), 114 NGC 884 (H VI-34), 325 NGC 2362 (H VII-17), 49 NGC 3294 (H I-164), 117 NGC 891 (H V-19), 310 NGC 2371–2 (H II-316/17), 76 NGC 3310 (H IV-60), 92 NGC 908 (H I-153), 315 NGC 2392 (H IV-45), 75 NGC 3344 (H I-81), 115 NGC 936 (H IV-23), 316 NGC 2395 (H VIII-11), 71 NGC 3377 (H II-99), 110 NGC 1022 (H I-102), 318 NGC 2403 (H V-44), 36 NGC 3379 (H I-17) ¼ M105, 110 NGC 1023 (H I-156), 322 NGC 2419 (H I-218), 76 NGC 3384 (H I-18), 110 NGC 1027 (H VIII-66), 325 NGC 2420 (H VI-1), 75 NGC 3395 (H I-116), 116 NGC 1052 (H I-63), 318 NGC 2421 (H VII-67), 62 NGC 3412 (H I-27), 111 NGC 1055 (H II-6), 316 NGC 2422 (H VIII-38) ¼ M47, 66 NGC 3414 (H II-362), 115 NGC 1084 (H I-64), 319 NGC 2423 (H VII-28), 66 NGC 3432 (H I-172), 117 NGC 1245 (H VI-25), 327 NGC 2438 (H IV-39), 63, 67 NGC 3486 (H I-87), 116 NGC 1342 (H VIII-88), 323 NGC 2440 (H IV-64), 63 NGC 3489 (H II-101), 111 NGC 1407 (H I-107), 331 NGC 2479 (H VII-58), 68 NGC 3504 (H I-88), 116 NGC 1444 (H VIII-80), 329 NGC 2482 (H VII-10), 58 NGC 3521 (H I-13), 127 NGC 1501 (H IV-53), 35 NGC 2489 (H VII-23), 58 NGC 3549, 93 NGC 1502 (H VII-47), 35 NGC 2506 (H VI-37), 69 NGC 3556 (H V-46) ¼ M108, 92 NGC 1513 (H VII-60), 327 NGC 2509 (H VIII-1), 67 NGC 3593 (H I-29), 128 NGC 1528 (H VII-61), 328 NGC 2527 (H VIII-30), 59 NGC 3607 (H II-50), 131 NGC 1535 (H IV-26), 331 NGC 2539 (H VII-11), 68 NGC 3608 (H II-51), 131 NGC 1545 (H VIII-85), 328 NGC 2548 (H VI-22) ¼ M48, 83 NGC 3610 (H I-270), 94 NGC 1644 (H VIII-59), 22 NGC 2567 (H VII-64), 60 NGC 3613 (H I-271), 94 NGC 1647 (H VIII-8), 21 NGC 2571 (H VI-39), 59 NGC 3619 (H I-244), 94 NGC 1788 (H V-32), 30 NGC 2613 (H II-266), 82 NGC 3621 (H I-241), 139 NGC 1807, 21 NGC 2627 (H VII-63), 60 NGC 3626 (H II-52), 130 NGC 1817 (H VII-4), 21 NGC 2655 (H I-288), 37 NGC 3628 (H V-8), 129 NGC 1857 (H VII-33), 24 NGC 2681 (H I-242), 45 NGC 3631 (H I-226), 93 NGC 1907 (H VII-39), 24 NGC 2683 (H I-200), 79 NGC 3640 (H II-33), 127 NGC 1931 (H I-261), 25 NGC 2742 (H I-249), 43 NGC 3655 (H I-5), 129 NGC 1961 (HIII-747), 36 NGC 2768 (H I-250), 43 NGC 3665 (H I-219), 123 NGC 1964 (H IV-21), 30 NGC 2775 (H I-2), 83 NGC 3675 (H I-194), 120 NGC 1980 (H V-31), 31 NGC 2782 (H I-167), 80 NGC 3686 (H II-160), 130 NGC 1999 (H IV-33), 32 NGC 2787 (H I-216), 40 NGC 3726 (H II-730), 119 NGC 2022 (H IV-34), 28 NGC 2811 (H II-502), 84 NGC 3729 (H I-222), 93 NGC 2024 (H V-28), 31 NGC 2841 (H I-205), 44 NGC 3810 (H I-21), 128

368 | Index

NGC objects (by number): (cont.) NGC 4449 (H I-213), 186 NGC 5576 (H I-146), 198 NGC 3813 (H I-94), 123 NGC 4450 (H II-56), 169 NGC 5631 (H I-236), 208 NGC 3877 (H I-201), 119 NGC 4459 (H I-169), 165 NGC 5634 (H I-70), 204 NGC 3893 (H II-738), 119 NGC 4473 (H II-114), 164 NGC 5694 (H II-196), 192 NGC 3898 (H I-228), 100 NGC 4477 (H II-115), 165 NGC 5676 (H I-189), 209 NGC 3900 (H I-82), 124 NGC 4478 (H II-124), 162 NGC 5689 (H I-188), 209 NGC 3912 (H II-342), 124 NGC 4485 (H I-197), 185 NGC 5746 (H I-126), 204 NGC 3938 (H I-203), 121 NGC 4490 (H I-198), 184 NGC 5846 (H I-128), 205 NGC 3941 (H I-173), 124 NGC 4494 (H I-83), 178 NGC 5866 (H I-215), 213 NGC 3945 (H I-251), 101 NGC 4526 (H I-31 ¼ H I-38), 158 NGC 5897 (H VI-19), 205 NGC 3949 (H I-202), 119 NGC 4527 (H II-37), 151 NGC 5907 (H II-759), 214 NGC 3953 (H V-45), 96 NGC 4535 (H II-500), 159 NGC 5982 (H II-764), 213 NGC 3962 (H I-67), 141 NGC 4536 (H V-2), 150 NGC 6118 (H II-402), 230 NGC 3982 (H IV-62), 100 NGC 4546 (H I-160), 146 NGC 6144 (H VI-10), 216 NGC 3990, 100 NGC 4548 (H II-120) ¼ M91, 166 NGC 6171 (H VI-40) ¼ M107, 216 NGC 3992 (H IV-61) ¼ M109, 96 NGC 4550 (H I-36), 162 NGC 6207 (H II-701), 226 NGC 3998 (H I-229), 100 NGC 4559 (H I-92), 178 NGC 6217 (H I-280), 227 NGC 4026 (H I-223), 97 NGC 4565 (H V-24), 179 NGC 6229 (H IV-50), 226 NGC 4027 (H II-296), 140 NGC 4570 (H I-32), 160 NGC 6235 (H II-584), 221 NGC 4030 (H I-121), 133 NGC 4594 (H I-43) ¼ M104, 141 NGC 6284 (H II-195), 220 NGC 4036 (H I-253), 102 NGC 4596 (H I-24), 155 NGC 6287 (H VI-11), 220 NGC 4038 (H IV-28), 140 NGC 4608, 156 NGC 6293 (H VI-12), 222 NGC 4039, 141 NGC 4618 (H I-178), 185 NGC 6304 (H I-147), 223 NGC 4041 (H I-252), 102 NGC 4631 (H V-42), 189 NGC 6316 (H I-45), 223 NGC 4051 (H IV-56), 182 NGC 4636 (H II-38), 150 NGC 6342 (H I-149), 217 NGC 4085 (H I-224), 98 NGC 4643 (H I-10), 150 NGC 6355 (H I-46), 222 NGC 4088 (H I-206), 97 NGC 4654 (H II-126), 155 NGC 6356 (H I-48), 217 NGC 4102 (H I-225), 98 NGC 4656 (H I-176), 189 NGC 6369 (H IV-11), 219 NGC 4143 (H IV-54), 182 NGC 4660 (H II-71), 156 NGC 6401 (H I-44), 219 NGC 4147 (H I-19), 169 NGC 4665 (H I-142), 149 NGC 6426 (H II-587), 231 NGC 4150 (H I-73), 176 NGC 4666 (H I-15), 148 NGC 6440 (H I-150), 233 NGC 4151 (H I-165), 188 NGC 4689 (H II-128), 154 NGC 6445 (H II-586), 233 NGC 4179 (H I-9), 133 NGC 4697 (H I-39), 146 NGC 6451 (H VI-13), 224 NGC 4203 (H I-175), 190 NGC 4698 (H I-8), 158 NGC 6514 (H IV-41), 243 NGC 4214 (H I-95), 188 NGC 4699 (H I-129), 145 NGC 6517 (H II-199), 230 NGC 4216 (H I-35), 170 NGC 4725 (H I-84), 179 NGC 6520 (H VII-7), 239 NGC 4245 (H I-74), 175 NGC 4753 (H I-16), 149 NGC 6522 (H I-49), 237 NGC 4251 (H I-89), 173 NGC 4754 (H I-25), 154 NGC 6528 (H II-200), 237 NGC 4258 (H V-43) ¼ M106, 181 NGC 4762 (H II-75), 154 NGC 6540 (H II-198), 240 NGC 4261 (H II-139), 135 NGC 4781 (H I-134), 145 NGC 6543 (H IV-37), 214 NGC 4273 (H II-569), 135 NGC 4800 (H I-211), 194 NGC 6544 (H II-197), 240 NGC 4274 (H I-75), 174 NGC 4845 (H II-536), 151 NGC 6553 (H IV-12), 241 NGC 4278 (H I-90), 174 NGC 4856 (H I-68), 142 NGC 6568 (H VII-30), 243 NGC 4281 (H II-573), 134 NGC 4866 (H I-162), 156 NGC 6569 (H II-201), 238 NGC 4293 (H V-5), 168 NGC 4900 (H I-143), 152 NGC 6583 (H VII-31), 244 NGC 4303 (H I-139) ¼ M61, 134 NGC 4958 (H I-130), 144 NGC 6624 (H I-50), 236 NGC 4314 (H I-76), 175 NGC 4995 (H I-42), 145 NGC 6629 (H II-204), 235 NGC 4346 (H I-210), 181 NGC 5005 (H I-96), 193 NGC 6633 (H VIII-72), 231 NGC 4350 (H II-86), 169 NGC 5033 (H I-97), 192 NGC 6638 (H I-51), 234 NGC 4361 (H I-65), 139 NGC 5054 (H II-513), 142 NGC 6642 (H II-205), 234 NGC 4365 (H I-30), 160 NGC 5195 (H I-186), 194 NGC 6645 (H VI-23), 244 NGC 4371 (H I-22), 163 NGC 5248 (H I-34), 197 NGC 6664 (H VIII-12), 246 NGC 4394 (H II-55), 168 NGC 5273 (H I-98), 193 NGC 6712 (H I-47), 247 NGC 4111 (H I-195), 182 NGC 5322 (H I-256), 206 NGC 6755 (H VII-19), 248 NGC 4414 (H I-77), 175 NGC 5363 (H I-6), 196 NGC 6756 (H VII-62), 249 NGC 4419 (H II-113), 166 NGC 5364 (H II-534), 196 NGC 6781 (H III-743), 249 NGC 4429 (H II-65), 163 NGC 5466 (H VI-9), 212 NGC 6802 (H VI-14), 252 NGC 4435 (H I-28,1), 164 NGC 5473 (H I-231), 207 NGC 6818 (H IV-51), 246 NGC 4438 (H I-28,2), 164 NGC 5474 (H I-214), 207 NGC 6823 (H VII-18), 253 NGC 4442 (H II-156), 160 NGC 5557 (H I-99), 212 NGC 6826 (H IV-73), 261 NGC 4448 (H I-91), 173 NGC 5566 (H I-144), 197 NGC 6830 (H VII-9), 252

Index | 369

NGC 6834 (H VIII-16), 254 NGC 659 (H VIII-65), 297 NGC 6451 (H VI-13), 224 NGC 6866 (H VII-59), 260 NGC 663 (H VI-31), 298 NGC 6520 (H VII-7), 239 NGC 6882 (H VIII-22), 255 NGC 752 (H VII-32), 309 NGC 6568 (H VII-30), 243 NGC 6885 (H VIII-20), 255 NGC 869 (H VI-33), 324 NGC 6583 (H VII-31), 244 NGC 6905 (H IV-16), 257 NGC 884 (H VI-34), 325 NGC 6633 (H VIII-72), 231 NGC 6910 (H VIII-56), 260 NGC 1027 (H VIII-66), 325 NGC 6645 (H VI-23), 244 NGC 6934 (H I-103), 257 NGC 1245 (H VI-25), 327 NGC 6664 (H VIII-12), 246 NGC 6939 (H VI-42), 275 NGC 1342 (H VIII-88), 323 NGC 6755 (H VII-19), 248 NGC 6940 (H VII-8), 255 NGC 1444 (H VIII-80), 329 NGC 6756 (H VII-62), 249 NGC 6946 (H IV-76), 275 NGC 1502 (H VII-47), 35 NGC 6802 (H VI-14), 252 NGC 7000 (H V-37?), 262 NGC 1513 (H VII-60), 327 NGC 6823 (H VII-18), 253 NGC 7006 (H I-52), 258 NGC 1528 (H VII-61), 328 NGC 6830 (H VII-9), 252 NGC 7008 (H I-192), 265 NGC 1545 (H VIII-85), 328 NGC 6866 (H VII-59), 260 NGC 7009 (H IV-1), 267 NGC 1644 (H VIII-59), 22 NGC 6882 (H VIII-22), 255 NGC 7044 (H VI-24), 262 , 263 NGC 1647 (H VIII-8), 21 NGC 6885 (H VIII-20), 255 NGC 7062 (H VII-51), 263 NGC 1807, 21 NGC 6910 (H VIII-56), 260 NGC 7086 (H VI-32), 265 NGC 1817 (H VII-4), 21 NGC 6940 (H VII-8), 255 NGC 7128 (H VII-40), 266 NGC 1857 (H VII-33), 24 NGC 7044 (H VI-24), 262, 263 NGC 7160 (H VIII-67), 276 NGC 1907 (H VII-39), 24 NGC 7086 (H VI-32), 265 NGC 7142 (H VII-66), 276 NGC 2126 (H VIII-68), 22 NGC 7128 (H VII-40), 266 NGC 7209 (H VII-53), 273 NGC 2129 (H VIII-26), 34 NGC 7142 (H VII-66), 276 NGC 7217 (H II-207), 283 NGC 2158 (H VI-17), 34 NGC 7160 (H VIII-67), 276 NGC 7243 (H VIII-75), 273 NGC 2169 (H VIII-24), 27 NGC 7209 (H VII-53), 273 NGC 7296 (H VII-41), 274 NGC 2186 (H VII-25), 28 NGC 7243 (H VIII-75), 273 NGC 7331 (H I-53), 283 NGC 2194 (H VI-5), 27 NGC 7296 (H VII-41), 274 NGC 7380 (H VIII-77), 278 NGC 2204 (H VII-13), 48 NGC 7380 (H VIII-77), 278 NGC 7448 (H II-251), 280 NGC 2215 (H VII-20), 53 NGC 7510 (H VII-44), 278 NGC 7479 (H I-55), 280 NGC 2232 (H VIII-25), 52 NGC 7686 (H VIII-69), 308 NGC 7510 (H VII-44), 278 NGC 2244 (H VII-2), 28 , 51 NGC 7789 (H VI-30), 288 NGC 7606 (H I-104), 285 NGC 2251 (H VIII-3), 52 NGC 7790 (H VII-56), 289 NGC 7662 (H IV-18), 308 NGC 2264 (H VIII-5), 51 Orion Nebula (see M42) NGC 7686 (H VIII-69), 308 NGC 2266 (H VI-21), 72 Ortolani, Sergio, 240 NGC 7723 (H I-110), 285 NGC 2281 (H VIII-71), 25 Oyster Nebula (see NGC 1501) NGC 7727 (H I-111), 286 NGC 2286 (H VIII-31), 55 NGC 7789 (H VI-30), 288 NGC 2301 (H VI-27), 55 planetary nebulae NGC 7790 (H VII-56), 289 NGC 2304 (H VI-2), 72 definition of, 5 NGC 7814 (H II-240), 281 NGC 2311 (H VIII-60), 56 specific objects North America Nebula, (see NGC 7000) NGC 2324 (H VII-38), 56 NGC 40 (H IV-58), 279 NGC 2335 (H VIII-32), 64 NGC 246 (H V-25), 302 O’Meara, Stephen James NGC 2343 (H VIII-33), 64 NGC 651 (H I-193) ¼ M76, 322 and observing sites, 3–4 NGC 2353 (H VIII-34), 63 NGC 1501 (H IV-53), 35 and 4-inch Tele Vue Genesis refractor, 4 NGC 2354 (H VII-16), 48 NGC 1535 (H IV-26), 331 eyepieces used by, 4 NGC 2355 (H VI-6), 71 NGC 2022 (H IV-34), 28 open clusters NGC 2360 (H VII-12), 49 NGC 2371–2 (H II-316/17), 76 definition of, 6 NGC 2362 (H VII-17), 49 NGC 2392 (H IV-45), 75 specific objects NGC 2395 (H VIII-11), 71 NGC 2438 (H IV-39), 63, 67 Collinder 72, 31 NGC 2420 (H VI-I), 75 NGC 2440 (H IV-64), 63 IC 4756, 231 NGC 2421 (H VII-67), 62 NGC 3242 (H IV-27), 107 M23, 233 NGC 2422 (H VIII-38) ¼ M47, 66 NGC 4361 (H I-65), 139 M25, 244 NGC 2423 (H VII-28), 66 NGC 6369 (H IV-11), 219 M26, 247 NGC 2479 (H VII-58), 68 NGC 6445 (H II-586), 233 M34, 323 NGC 2482 (H VII-10), 58 NGC 6543 (H IV-37), 214 NGC 129 (H VIII-79), 292 NGC 2489 (H VII-23), 58 NGC 6629 (H II-204), 235 NGC 136 (H VI-35), 292 NGC 2506 (H VI-37), 69 NGC 6781 (H III-743), 249 NGC 225 (H VIII-78), 293 NGC 2509 (H VIII-1), 67 NGC 6818 (H IV-51), 246 NGC 381 (H VIII-16), 292 NGC 2527 (H VIII-30), 59 NGC 6826 (H IV-73), 261 NGC 436 (H VII-45), 295 NGC 2539 (H VII-11), 68 NGC 6905 (H IV-16), 257 NGC 457 (H VII-42), 295 NGC 2548 (H VI-22) ¼ M48, 83 NGC 6939 (H VI-42), 275 NGC 559 (H VII-48), 296 NGC 2567 (H VII-64), 60 NGC 7008 (H I-192), 265 NGC 637 (H VII-49), 296 NGC 2571 (H VI-39), 59 NGC 7009 (H IV-1), 267 NGC 654 (H VII-46), 298 NGC 2627 (H VII-63), 60 NGC 7662 (H IV-18), 308

370 | Index

right ascension Stephen James O’Meara’s Herschel 400 OX Cas, 294 definition of, 6 Award, 333 RS CVn, 193 Ring Nebula (see M57) Steve O’Meara’s Herschel 400 Observing Guide RS Per, 325 Ringtail Galaxy (see NGC 4038) description of, ix –x R Vir, 159 , 160 purpose of, x, 10 SP Vir, 197 Seagull Nebula, 64 , 65 Tau Canis Majoris Cluster (see NGC 2362) TV UMa, 123 Silver Coin Galaxy (see NGC 253) Tolansky, S., 5 UV Cam, 36 Skiff, Brian, 240 VV LMi, 116 Sky & Telescope, ix variable stars W Sgr, 239 Sombrero Galaxy (see M104) AI Leo, 128 Vinyl LP Galaxy (see NGC star names CH Boo, 209 4699) Flamsteed numbers in, 11 CU Vir, 197 Greek letters in, 10 HT UMa, 119 Williams, William C., 166 other labels in, 11 KX Vir, 157 Wilson, Barbara, 2