DOCSLIB.ORG

Diversity and Distribution of Common Ascidians of Andaman Group of Islands

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Diversity and Distribution of Common Ascidians of Andaman Group of Islands Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 23 (10): 2411-2417, 2015 ISSN 1990-9233 © IDOSI Publications, 2015 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2015.23.10.96260 Diversity and Distribution of Common Ascidians of Andaman Group of Islands Jhimli Mondal, C. Raghunathan and Tamal Mondal Zoological Survey of India, Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, National Coral Reef Research Institute, Haddo, Port Blair - 744 102, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India Abstract: The studies of diversity and distribution of Ascidians (benthic sessile animals) were carried out at Andaman group of islands. A total of 32 species of ascidian fauna were found from 27 study areas of this region. The Shannon-Weaver diversity index ranges up to 2.10. Higher degree of similarity of species was found between geographically nearby areas. However, no similarity also been recorded may be due to the poor species richness in some of the areas. Details of diversity with various ecological indices along with distributional patterns are depicted in the present paper. Key words: Ascidians Diversity and Distribution Diversity Indices Similarity Index Andaman INTRODUCTION ascidians from the India. Although this species list not included the ascidians of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Ascidians are with approximately 3000 species, From Andaman and Nicobar Islands only 43 species were found across the World’s Ocean. They are commonly reported [15-17] out of which only 27 ascidians were known as sea squirt as they eject waters through their reported [15,17] from Andaman group of islands. siphons when they are disturbed [1]. Ascidians can be Ascidians are very commonly found in Andaman group solitary or colonial and the size of single ascidians of islands from the intertidal zone to up to the depth of ranging from few millimetres to more than 10 cm [2]. 43 m. Present paper deals with the diversity and The animal is covered with test or tunic, made up of distributional pattern of ascidian fauna of Andaman group tunicin a kind of cellulose [2]. From the word tunicin the of islands. Subphylum name Tunicata (also known as Urochordata) was originated [2]. Except class Ascidiacea the two MATERIALS AND METHODS other classes of Tunicata are planktonic in nature. The larvae of ascidians are planktonic in nature and A total of 27 areas of Andaman group of islands such have resembles to other primitive chordates though as eleven areas of North Andaman, seven islands of adult ascidians have a little resembles with the chordates. Middle Andaman and eight islands and one jetty area of The animals are hermaphrodite in nature. However, South Andaman were surveyed during December, 2013 to they commonly avoid self-fertilization. First study on March, 2015 (Table 1 and Fig. 1). The data were collected Indian ascidians was made by Herdman in 1906 as he by Line Intercept Method of English et al. [18] and describes the ascidians from Gulf of Mannar [3]. Quadrat methods of Bakus [19] by employing Self Although it is considered that Oka in 1915 started the Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus (SCUBA) study of ascidians in India [4] by studying the deep sea diving to explore the diversity of ascidians. Each quadrat collections made on board during R.I.M.S Investigator was photographed by Canon G15 underwater camera. expedition and described 11 new species [3]. Later on Wherever possible, entire quadrat was photographed by Sebastian and Kurian [5] and Renganathan [6-14] studied using by Canon G15 underwater camera in a single frame on Indian ascidians. In 2003, Meenakshi et al. [4] depending upon the topography of the sea bottom. submitted a report to the Ministry of Environment and Species abundance monitoring takes place at specified Forests in which they mentioned about 388 species of sample points using a square grid called a quadrat. Corresponding Author: Jhimli Mondal, Zoological Survey of India, Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, National Coral Reef Research Institute, Haddo, Port Blair-744 102, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Tel: (+91) 9434831324. 2411 Middle-East J. Sci. Res., 23 (10): 2411-2417, 2015 Typically, a quadrat is a grid of ten squares by ten squares allowing easy approximation of percent coverage. Centre a quadrat directly over a sample point. Record of species abundance within the quadrat was determined using the ACFOR scaling method. The methodology includes: A = abundant (Species present in 30% or more of quadrant squares), C = common (Species present in 20-29% of quadrant squares), F = frequent (Species present in 10-19% of quadrant squares), O = occasional (Species present in 5-9% of quadrant squares) and R = rare (Species present in 1-4% of quadrant squares). Species diversity and density was calculated considering Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H’) [20] Simpson's density index [21] Menhinick diversity index [22] Berger-Parker diversity index [23] and Fisher alpha diversity index [24]. The formula is given below: The formula for the Shannon-Weaver diversity index is: H’= - pi ln pi where, pi = Proportion of number of individual of a particular species and total number of individual of all the Fig. 1: Study areas of Andaman group of islands species, H’= diversity of a theoretically infinite Table 1: Co-ordinates of surveyed areas population. Sl. No. Study areas Latitude Longitude North Andaman The formula for the Simpson’s density index is: 1. Landfall Island 13°37.694’N 93°00.932’E ni( ni − 1) 2. Peacock Island 13°33.692’N 93°03.119’E S D =1 − ÷ 3. Cape Price 13º30.172’N 93º02.627’E ∑i=1 4. Table Excelsior Island 13°24.862’N 93°05.223’E NN( −1) 5. Trilby Island 13°24.812’N 93°04.146’E 6. Turtle Island 13°22.064’N 93°04.832’E where S is the number of species, N is the total percentage 7. Smith Island 13°17.755’N 92°57.830’E 8. Durgapur 13°16.517’N 93°02.557’E cover or total number of organisms and n is the 9. Shibpur 13°14.112’N 93°03.343’E percentage cover of a species or number of organisms of 10. Craggy Island 13°13.531’N 93°03.394’E a species. In this form, D ranges from 1 to 0, with 1 11. North Reef Island 13º03.560’ N 92º42.764’ E representing infinite diversity and 0 representing no Middle Andaman 12. Sound Island 12°56.513’N 92°57.269’E diversity. 13. Oliver Island 12°59.684’N 92°57.257’E 14. Curlew Island 12º56.092’ N 92º53.168’ E The formula for Menhinick diversity index is: 15. North Button Island 12°18.880’ N 93°04.010’ E 16. Long Island 12°25.359’ N 92°57.869’ E 17. Round Island 12°20.070’ N 92°54.627’ E d = S/ N 18. North Passage Island 12°18.288’ N 92°54.830’ E South Andaman where, S = Total number of species and N = Total number 19. Inglis Island 12º08.946’N 93º06.8261E 20. John Lawrence Island 12°03.015’N 92°02.200’E of individuals. 21. Neil Island 11°° 52.112' N 093 01.052'E The formula for Berger-Parker diversity index is: 22. North Bay 11°41.962’N 92°45.219’E 23. Rutland Island 11°30.119’ N 92°37.112’ E d=N /N 24. Riflemen Island 11°30.837’ N 92°38.767’ E max 25. Pongibalu Jetty 11°30.956’ N 92°30.206’ E 26. South Brother Island 10° 55.577'N 092° 37.159'E where, Nmax =number of individuals in the most abundant 27. Little Andaman Island 10° 53.226'N 092° 32.060'E species and N=total number of individuals in the sample. 2412 Middle-East J. Sci. Res., 23 (10): 2411-2417, 2015 The formula of Fisher alpha diversity index is: abundant in the Andaman group of islands although 7 species out of 32 species are commonly found , S=a×ln (1+n/a) occasionally 6 species and frequently 1 species are found. However, 12 species were categorised as rare as where, S=number of taxa, n=number of individuals and they found less than 4% of total examined ascidian fauna a=Fisher’s alpha. in Andaman group of Islands. Results of different diversity indices are given in Evenness of the ascidian community was described Table 3. Shannon-Weaver diversity index was highest by the Pielou’s evenness index (J’) [25]. The formula of (2.10) at Sound Island and lowest (0.14) at Turtle Island. the index is: Menhinick diversity index exhibited the maximum value (1.89) at North Button Island and minimum value (0.19) at J’=H’/H’max North Reef Island. Equitability index was maximum (0.95) at John Lawerence Island while minimum (0.11) at Smith where H' is the number derived from the Shannon Island. Pielou’s evenness index exhibit highest value (1) diversity. at Curlew Island and Round Island due to single species recorded from those islands and least (0.13) at Oliver Margalef’s community index [26] was calculated by Island and Simpson’s Density Index also displayed the using the following formula below: maximum value (0.84) at Sound Island while minimum (0.05) at Smith Island. Margalef’s community index and d = S -1/ log N Fisher Alpha diversity index was maximum (2.83 and 7.82) at Sound Island and North Button Island respectively where, S = Total number of species and N = Total number while the minimum (0.29 and 0.47 respectively) at Turtle of individuals. Island. Both the Dominance index and Berger – Parker Diversity index exhibited the highest value (0.94 and 0.97 Percentage of Similarity Index is the simple measure respectively) from Smith and Turtle Island and lowest of the extent to which two habitats species in common.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Recommendations on Improving Telecom Services in Andaman
    Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Recommendations on Improving Telecom Services in Andaman & Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep 22 nd July, 2014 Mahanagar Doorsanchar Bhawan Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg, New Delhi – 110002 CONTENTS CHAPTER-I: INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER- II: METHODOLOGY FOLLOWED FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF THE TELECOM INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIRED 10 CHAPTER- III: TELECOM PLAN FOR ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS 36 CHAPTER- IV: COMPREHENSIVE TELECOM PLAN FOR LAKSHADWEEP 60 CHAPTER- V: SUPPORTING POLICY INITIATIVES 74 CHAPTER- VI: SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS 84 ANNEXURE 1.1 88 ANNEXURE 1.2 90 ANNEXURE 2.1 95 ANNEXURE 2.2 98 ANNEXURE 3.1 100 ANNEXURE 3.2 101 ANNEXURE 5.1 106 ANNEXURE 5.2 110 ANNEXURE 5.3 113 ABBREVIATIONS USED 115 i CHAPTER-I: INTRODUCTION Reference from Department of Telecommunication 1.1. Over the last decade, the growth of telecom infrastructure has become closely linked with the economic development of a country, especially the development of rural and remote areas. The challenge for developing countries is to ensure that telecommunication services, and the resulting benefits of economic, social and cultural development which these services promote, are extended effectively and efficiently throughout the rural and remote areas - those areas which in the past have often been disadvantaged, with few or no telecommunication services. 1.2. The Role of telecommunication connectivity is vital for delivery of e- Governance services at the doorstep of citizens, promotion of tourism in an area, educational development in terms of tele-education, in health care in terms of telemedicine facilities. In respect of safety and security too telecommunication connectivity plays a vital role.
    [Show full text]
  • November 17-2
    Tuesday 2 Daily Telegrams November 17, 2020 GOVT. PRIMARY SCHOOL No. TN/DB/PHED/2020/1277 27 SUBHASGRAM - 2 HALDER PARA, SARDAR TIKREY DO OFFICE OF THE EXECUTIVE ENGINEER NSV, SUBHASHGRAM GOVT. PRIMARY SCHOOL PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERING DIVISION 28 SUBHASGRAM - 3 DAS PARA, DAKHAIYA PARA DO A.P.W.D., PORT BLAIR NSV, SUBHASHGRAM th SCHOOL TIKREY, SUB CENTER Prothrapur, dated the 13 November 2020. COMMUNITY HALL, 29 KHUDIRAMPUR AREA, STEEL BRIDGE, AAGA DO KHUDIRAMPUR TENDER NOTICE NALLAH, DAM AREA (F) The Executive Engineer, PHED, APWD, Prothrapur invites on behalf of President of India, online Item Rate e- BANGLADESH QUARTER, MEDICAL RAMAKRISHNAG GOVT. PRIMARY SCHOOL tenders (in form of CPWD-8) from the vehicle owners / approved and eligible contractors of APWD and Non APWD 30 COLONY AREA, SAJJAL PARA, R K DO RAM - 1 RAMKRISHNAGRAM Contractors irrespective of their enlistment subject to the condition that they have experience of having successfully GRAM HOUSE SITE completed similar nature of work in terms of cost in any of the government department in A&N Islands and they should GOVT. PRIMARY SCHOOL RAMAKRISHNAG BAIRAGI PARA, MALO PARA, 31 VV PITH, DO not have any adverse remarks for following work RAM - 2 PAHAR KANDA NIT No. Earnest RAMKRISHNAGRAM Sl. Estimated cost Time of Name of work Money RAMAKRISHNAG COMMUNITY HALL, NEAR MAGAR NALLAH WATER TANK No. put to Tender Completion 32 DO Deposit RAM - 3 VKV, RAMKRISHNAGRAM AREA, POLICE TIKREY, DAS PARA VIDYASAGARPAL GOVT. PRIMARY SCHOOL SAITAN TIKRI, PANDEY BAZAAR, 1 NIT NO- R&M of different water pump sets under 33 DO 15/DB/ PHED/ E & M Sub Division attached with EE LI VS PALLY HELIPAD AREA GOVT.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Products Diversity of Marine Ascidians (Tunicates; Ascidiacea) and Successful Drugs in Clinical Development
    Nat. Prod. Bioprospect. DOI 10.1007/s13659-016-0115-5 REVIEW Natural Products Diversity of Marine Ascidians (Tunicates; Ascidiacea) and Successful Drugs in Clinical Development Satheesh Kumar Palanisamy . N. M. Rajendran . Angela Marino Received: 19 November 2016 / Accepted: 14 December 2016 Ó The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract This present study reviewed the chemical diversity of marine ascidians and their pharmacological applications, challenges and recent developments in marine drug discovery reported during 1994–2014, highlighting the structural activity of compounds produced by these specimens. Till date only 5% of living ascidian species were studied from\3000 species, this study represented from family didemnidae (32%), polyclinidae (22%), styelidae and polycitoridae (11–12%) exhibiting the highest number of promising MNPs. Close to 580 compound structures are here discussed in terms of their occurrence, structural type and reported biological activity. Anti-cancer drugs are the main area of interest in the screening of MNPs from ascidians (64%), followed by anti-malarial (6%) and remaining others. FDA approved ascidian compounds mechanism of action along with other compounds status of clinical trials (phase 1 to phase 3) are discussed here in. This review highlights recent developments in the area of natural products chemistry and biotechnological approaches are emphasized. Keywords Cancer Á Cytotoxicity Á Diversity Á Metabolites Á Pharmacology 1 Introduction from marine invertebrates, especially sponges, ascidians, bryozoans and molluscs in which some of them are The study of marine natural products (MNPs) is becoming approved by FDA and currently utilized in clinical trials ever more sophisticated and an increasingly collaborative [1].
    [Show full text]
  • The Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Part I, II, Vol-II
    CENSUS OF INDIA 1921 VOLUME II THE ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS Part I--REPORT Part II-TABLES BY R. F. LQWIS, Superintendent of Census Operations ( • OALOUTTA SUPERINTENDENT GOVERNMENT PRINTING, INDIA , 1923 [ Price Rs. 5 or English 68, 8d. ] - Agents for the Sale of Books published by the Superintendent of Government Printing India, Calcutta. IN EUROPE. Constable & Co., 10, Orange Street, Leicester Square, W. Thacker & Co., 2, Creed Lane, London, E.C. T. Fisher Unwin, Ltd., 1, Adelphi Terrace, London, London, W.O. W.C. Ke"an Paul, Trench, Trlibner & Co., 68-74, Carter Lane, Wheldon. and Wesley Ltd., 2, 3 & 4, Arthur Street, ,New o B.C., and 39, New Oxford Street, London, w.e. I Oxford Street, London, W.O. 2. , Ilernard Quaritch, 11, Grafton Street, New Bond Strcet, B. H. Blackwell, 50 &: 51, Broad Stree·~bx!ord. London, W. Deighton Bell & Co., Ltd., Cambridge .. " 1'. S. King & Sons, 2 & 4, Great Smith Street, West. Oliver and Boyd, Tweeddale Court, Edfhburgh. minster, London, S.W. E. POIlSonby, Ltd., 116, Grafton Street, Dublin. 11. S. King & Co., 65, Comhlll, E.C., and 9, Pall Mall, Ernest Leroux, 28, RUIl Bonaparte, Parla. London, W. Martinns Nijhoff, The Hague, Holland. Grlndla17 & Co., 54, Parliament Street, London, S.W. otto Harra.s.sowitz, Leipzig. Lnzac & Co., 46, Great Russeli Strect, London, W. C. Friedlander and Sohn, Berlin. llf INDIA AID. CEYLON. Thacker, Spink & Co., Calcutta and Simla. Mangaldas Harkisandas, Surat.• Newman & Co., Ltd.. Calcutta. ,Karsandas Narandas & Sons, Surat. R. Cambray & Co., Calcutta. A. H. Wheeler & Co., Allahabad, Calcutta and S. K. Lahiri & Co., Calcutta.
    [Show full text]
  • Academic Course Prospectus for the Session 2012-13
    PROSPECTUS 2012-13 With Application Form for Admission Secondary and Senior Secondary Courses fo|k/kue~loZ/kuaiz/kkue~ NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OPEN SCHOOLING (An autonomous organisation under MHRD, Govt. of India) A-24-25, Institutional Area, Sector-62, NOIDA-201309 Website: www.nios.ac.in Learner Support Centre Toll Free No.: 1800 180 9393, E-mail: [email protected] NIOS: The Largest Open Schooling System in the World and an Examination Board of Government of India at par with CBSE/CISCE Reasons to Make National Institute of Open Schooling Your Choice 1. Freedom To Learn With a motto to 'reach out and reach all', NIOS follows the principle of freedom to learn i.e., what to learn, when to learn, how to learn and when to appear in the examination is decided by you. There is no restriction of time, place and pace of learning. 2. Flexibility The NIOS provides flexibility with respect to : • Choice of Subjects: You can choose subjects of your choice from the given list keeping in view the passing criteria. • Admission: You can take admission Online under various streams or through Study Centres at Secondary and Senior Secondary levels. • Examination: Public Examinations are held twice a year. Nine examination chances are offered in five years. You can take any examination during this period when you are well prepared and avail the facility of credit accumulation also. • On Demand Examination: You can also appear in the On-Demand Examination (ODES) of NIOS at Secondary and Senior Secondary levels at the Headquarter at NOIDA and All Regional Centres as and when you are ready for the examination after first public examination.
    [Show full text]
  • North Andaman (Diglipur) Earthquake of 14 September 2002
    Reconnaissance Report North Andaman (Diglipur) Earthquake of 14 September 2002 ATR Smith Island Ross Island Aerial Bay Jetty Diglipur Shibpur ATR Kalipur Keralapuran Kishorinagar Saddle Peak Nabagram Kalighat North Andaman Ramnagar Island Stewart ATR Island Sound Island Mayabunder Jetty Middle Austin Creek ATR Andaman Island Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur 208016 Field Study Sponsored by: Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi Printing of Report Supported by: United Nations Development Programme, New Delhi, India Dissemination of Report by: National Information Center of Earthquake Engineering, IIT Kanpur, India Copies of the report may be requested from: National Information Center for Earthquake Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur 208016 www.nicee.org Email: [email protected] Fax: (0512) 259 7866 Cover design by: Jnananjan Panda R ECONNAISSANCE R EPORT NORTH ANDAMAN (DIGLIPUR) EARTHQUAKE OF 14 SEPTEMBER 2002 by Durgesh C. Rai C. V. R. Murty Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur 208 016 Sponsored by Department of Science & Technology Government of India, New Delhi April 2003 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are sincerely thankful to all individuals who assisted our reconnaissance survey tour and provided relevant information. It is rather difficult to name all, but a few notables are: Dr. R. Padmanabhan and Mr. V. Kandavelu of Andaman and Nicobar Administration; Mr. Narendra Kumar, Mr. S. Sundaramurthy, Mr. Bhagat Singh, Mr. D. Balaji, Mr. K. S. Subbaian, Mr. M. S. Ramamurthy, Mr. Jina Prakash, Mr. Sandeep Prasad and Mr. A. Anthony of Andaman Public Works Department; Mr. P. Radhakrishnan and Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Andaman Islands, India
    Journal of Global Change Data & Discovery. 2019, 3(4): 398-405 © 2019 GCdataPR DOI:10.3974/geodp.2019.04.15 Global Change Research Data Publishing & Repository www.geodoi.ac.cn Global Change Data Encyclopedia Andaman Islands, India Shen, Y.1 Liu, C.1* Shi, R. X.1 Chen, L. J.2 1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 2. National Geomatics Center of China, Beijing 100830, China Keywords: Andaman Islands; Andaman and Nicobar Islands; Bay of Bengal; Indian Ocean; India; data encyclopedia Andaman Islands is the main part of the An- daman and Nicobar Islands. It belongs to the Indian Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and its geo-location is 10°30′39″N–13°40′36″N, 92°11′55″E–94°16′ 38″E[1]. It is located between the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea (Figure 1). It is separated from Coco Islands[2] by Coco Chanel at its north, and from Nicobar Islands[3] by Ten De- gree Chanel at its south. The Andaman Islands consists of Great Andaman Archipelago[4], Lit- tle Andaman Group[5], Ritchie’s Archipelago[6], [7] [8] East Volcano Islands and Sentinel Islands Figure 1 Map of Andaman Islands (Figure 2), with a total of 211 islands (islets, [1] (.kmz format) rocks) . The total area of the Andaman Islands is 5,787.79 km2, and the coastline is 2,878.77 km. Great Andaman Archipelago is the main part of Andaman Islands, and is the largest Ar- chipelago in Andaman Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • The Exception of Ascidia (Phallusia) Caguayensis All Species
    STUDIES ON THE FAUNA OF CURAÇAO AND OTHER CARIBBEAN ISLANDS: No. 148. New species of Ascidian from the West Indies by R.H. Millar (Dunstaffnage Marine Research Laboratory, Oban, Argyll, Scotland) and Ivan Goodbody (Department of Zoology, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica) The ascidian fauna of the West Indian region is relatively well known as a result of the work of VAN NAME ( 1902, 1921, 1930, 1945), BERRILL (1932), MILLAR (1962a) and VAN DER SLOOT (1969). extensive During the past few years one of us has carried out collecting in the coastal waters of Jamaica with a view to preparing a faunistic and ecological account of the ascidians of that island. In the course of this work a number of new species have been dis- which the of the In addition covered, are subject present paper. we that be rein- propose Halocynthia microspinosa (Van Name, 1921) stated. With the exception of Ascidia (Phallusia) caguayensis all species result of SCUBA in the of have beencollected as a diving deeper parts the coral reef. While all of the species have been seen in the living condition by GOODBODY, we are grateful to the late Professor T. F. GOREAU and his associates at the Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory for the collection of much additional material from the deep reef beyond 30 m. the at The following are map references for the localities which specimens were collected: Bluefields 18° 10.0' N 78°03.0' W Discovery Bay 18°29.0' N 77°26.0' W Drunkenman Cay 17°54.0' N 76°50.8' W Port Royal Marine Laboratory 17°56.05'N 76°50.65'W South Knolls 17°54.0' N 76°51.3' W 143 We are indebted to the American Museum of Natural History for the loan of specimens of Ascidia curvata (Traustedt) and A.
    [Show full text]
  • District Statistical Handbook. 2010-11 Andaman & Nicobar.Pdf
    lR;eso t;rs v.Meku rFkk fudksckj }hilewg ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS Published by : Directorate of Economics & Statistics ftyk lkaf[;dh; iqfLrdk Andaman & Nicobar Administration DISTRICT STATISTICAL HAND BOOK Port Blair 2010-11 vkfFZkd ,oa lkaf[;dh funs'kky; v.Meku rFkk fudksckj iz'kklu iksVZ Cys;j DIRECTORATE OF ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ADMINISTRATION Printed by the Manager, Govt. Press, Port Blair PORT BLAIR çLrkouk PREFACE ftyk lkaf[;dh; iqfLrdk] 2010&2011 orZeku laLdj.k The present edition of District Statistical Hand Øe esa lksygok¡ gS A bl laLdj.k esa ftyk ds fofHkUu {ks=ksa ls Book, 2010-11 is the sixteenth in the series. It presents lacaf/kr egÙoiw.kZ lkaf[;dh; lwpukvksa dks ljy rjhds ls izLrqr important Statistical Information relating to the three Districts of Andaman & Nicobar Islands in a handy form. fd;k x;k gS A The Directorate acknowledges with gratitude the funs'kky; bl iqfLrdk ds fy, fofHkUu ljdkjh foHkkxksa@ co-operation extended by various Government dk;kZy;ksa rFkk vU; ,stsfUl;ksa }kjk miyC/k djk, x, Departments/Agencies in making available the statistical lkaf[;dh; vkWadM+ksa ds fy, muds izfr viuk vkHkkj izdV djrk data presented in this publication. gS A The publication is the result of hard work put in by Shri Martin Ekka, Shri M.P. Muthappa and Smti. D. ;g izdk'ku Jh ch- e¨gu] lkaf[;dh; vf/kdkjh ds Susaiammal, Senior Investigators, under the guidance of ekxZn'kZu rFkk fuxjkuh esa Jh ekfVZu ,Ddk] Jh ,e- ih- eqÉIik Shri B. Mohan, Statistical Officer.
    [Show full text]
  • Ascidians from Bocas Del Toro, Panama. I. Biodiversity
    Caribbean Journal of Science, Vol. 41, No. 3, 600-612, 2005 Copyright 2005 College of Arts and Sciences University of Puerto Rico, Mayagu¨ez Ascidians from Bocas del Toro, Panama. I. Biodiversity. ROSANA M. ROCHA*, SUZANA B. FARIA AND TATIANE R. MORENO Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Zoologia, CP 19020, 81.531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil Corresponding author: *[email protected] ABSTRACT.—An intensive survey of ascidian species was carried out in August 2003, in different environ- ments of the Bocas del Toro region, northwestern Panama. Most samples are from shallow waters (< 3 m) in coral reefs, among mangrove roots and in Thallasia testudines banks. Of the 58 species found, 14 are new species. Of the 26 sampling sites, the most diverse were Crawl Key Canal (9°15.050’N, 82°07.631’W), Solarte ,Island (9°17.929’N, 82°11.672’W), Wild Cane Key (9° 20؅40؅N, 82°10؅20؅W), Isla Pastores (9°14.332’N W), the bay behind the STRI Lab (9°21؅4.3؅ N, 82°15’25.6؅ W), and the entrance of Bocatorito Bay’82°19.968 (9°13.375’N, 82°12.555’W). Ascidians have been studied and reported from 31 locations within the Caribbean, and 139 species have been reported. This count will increase with the description of the 14 new species, and Bocas del Toro may be considered a region of high ascidian diversity since > 40% of the total known Caribbean ascidian fauna occurs there. KEYWORDS.—Ascidian taxonomy, Caribbean, checklist INTRODUCTION found and discuss the relationship of this fauna with that of other Caribbean loca- tions.
    [Show full text]
  • New Distributional Records of Bird Species to Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India G
    Biological Forum – An International Journal 10(1): 63-68(2018) ISSN No. (Print): 0975-1130 ISSN No. (Online): 2249-3239 New Distributional Records of Bird Species to Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India G. Gokulakrishnan, C. Sivaperuman*, Minakshi Dash and Sayanthan Das** Zoological Survey of India, Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre Port Blair - 744 102, Andaman and Nicobar Islands **Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. (Corresponding author: C. Sivaperuman) (Received 25 February 2018, Accepted 18 April, 2018) (Published by Research Trend, Website: www.researchtrend.net) ABSTRACT: In this paper we report ten species of birds which are new additions to the avifauna of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Keywords: Andaman, Distribution, Migratory Birds, Nicobar INTRODUCTION RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The Andaman and Nicobar archipelago comprises of Ruff Philomachus pugnax (Linnaeus, 1758) 572 islands, islets and rocky outcrops and located in the On 10th September, 2016 while conducting our Bay of Bengal. These islands are scattered and shore birds survey, GK sighted and photographed an distributed within a range of about 800 km in between individual of Ruff at Garacharma (11°37.117’N; 6º45′ to 13º41′N and 92º12 to 93º57′E with total area of 8249 km2, of which Andaman group of islands covers 92°42.414’E). This bird was again sighted at Chouldhari (11°37.350' N; 92°40.108'E). It was a 6408 km2 while Nicobar group covers 1841 km2. The medium sized wader, differs from other waders of our Saddle Peak is the highest mountain (732m) in regular sightings (Fig. a).
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Phylogeny of the Families Pyuridae and Styelidae (Stolidobranchiata
    * Manuscript 1 Phylogeny of the families Pyuridae and Styelidae (Stolidobranchiata, Ascidiacea) 2 inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences 3 4 Pérez-Portela Ra, b, Bishop JDDb, Davis ARc, Turon Xd 5 6 a Eco-Ethology Research Unit, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada (ISPA), Rua 7 Jardim do Tabaco, 34, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal 8 9 b Marine Biological Association of United Kingdom, The Laboratory Citadel Hill, PL1 10 2PB, Plymouth, UK, and School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth PL4 11 8AA, Plymouth, UK 12 13 c School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522 14 Australia 15 16 d Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CSIC), Accés a la Cala St. Francesc 14, Blanes, 17 Girona, E-17300, Spain 18 19 Email addresses: 20 Bishop JDD: [email protected] 21 Davis AR: [email protected] 22 Turon X: [email protected] 23 24 Corresponding author: 25 Rocío Pérez-Portela 26 Eco-Ethology Research Unit, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada (ISPA), Rua 27 Jardim do Tabaco, 34, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal 28 Phone: + 351 21 8811226 29 Fax: + 351 21 8860954 30 [email protected] 31 1 32 Abstract 33 34 The Order Stolidobranchiata comprises the families Pyuridae, Styelidae and Molgulidae. 35 Early molecular data was consistent with monophyly of the Stolidobranchiata and also 36 the Molgulidae. Internal phylogeny and relationships between Styelidae and Pyuridae 37 were inconclusive however. In order to clarify these points we used mitochondrial and 38 nuclear sequences from 31 species of Styelidae and 25 of Pyuridae. Phylogenetic trees 39 recovered the Pyuridae as a monophyletic clade, and their genera appeared as 40 monophyletic with the exception of Pyura.
    [Show full text]