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Chapter 1: Introduction Siderophile Element Constraints on the Origin of Components of Unequilibrated Chondrites Yogita Kadlag Dissertation submitted to obtain the academic degree Doktor der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) Fachbereich Geowissenschaften Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, 1 April 2015 Referees: 1. First Referee: Prof. Dr. Harry Becker Institut für Geologische Wissenschaften, Freie Universität Berlin Malteserstrasse 74-100, Haus B 12249 Berlin, Germany 2. Second Referee: Prof. Dr. Maria Schoenbaechler Inst. f. Geochemie und Petrologie ETH Zürich NW D 81.2 Clausiusstrasse 25 8092 Zürich, Switzerland Date of defense: 27 May 2015 Selbständigkeitserklärung Hiermit versichere ich, die vorliegende Dissertation eigenständig und ausschließlich unter Verwendung der angegebenen Hilfsmittel, angefertigt zu haben. Alle Aussagen innerhalb der vorliegenden Arbeit, welche dem Wortlaut oder dem Sinne nach aus anderen Quellen entnommen wurden, einschließlich solcher aus elektronischer Medien, sind im Text kenntlich gemacht und befinden sich in einem vollständigen Verzeichnis. Die vorliegende Arbeit ist in dieser oder anderer Form zuvor nicht als Prüfungsarbeit zur Begutachtung vorgelegt worden. Unterschrift Berlin, 1 April 2015 Contents CONTENTS Summary ........................................................................................................ 1 Zusammenfassung ......................................................................................... 4 1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 7 1.1 Evolution of the solar system and meteorites ......................................................... 8 1.1.1 Chondrites and their components.......................................................................... 9 1.1.2 Siderophile element abundances in the chondrite components .......................... 13 1.1.3 187Re-187Os systematics of the chondrite components ......................................... 15 1.2 Scope of the thesis ................................................................................................ 15 1.2.1 Chapter 2: Fractionation of highly siderophile and chalcogen elements in nin components of EH3 chondrites. ................................................................................... 16 1.2.2 Chapter 3: Highly siderophile and chalcogen element constraints on the origin fof of components of the Allende and Murchison meteorites ........................................... 16 1.2.3 Chapter 4: 187Re-187Os systematics, highly siderophile and chalcogen element inn abundances in the components of unequilibrated L chondrites ................................... 17 1.2.4 Chapter 5: Origin of highly siderophile and chalcogen element fractionations in in the components of unequilibrated H and LL chondrites .............................................. 17 2 Fractionation of highly siderophile and chalcogen elements in n components of EH3 chondrites ............................................................... 19 2.1 Abstract ................................................................................................................. 20 2.2 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 21 2.3 Experimental ......................................................................................................... 24 2.3.1 Sample Preparation ............................................................................................. 24 2.3.2 Sample dissolution and chemical separation ...................................................... 25 2.3.3 Mass spectrometry .............................................................................................. 26 2.3.4 Precision, accuracy and analytical blanks ........................................................... 27 2.4 Results ................................................................................................................... 27 2.4.1 Major element distribution in components ......................................................... 27 2.4.2 187Re-187Os isotopic systematics.......................................................................... 30 2.4.3 HSE abundances ................................................................................................. 31 2.4.4 Chalcogen element abundances .......................................................................... 33 2.5 Discussion ............................................................................................................. 33 I Contents 2.5.1 Re-Os systematics ............................................................................................... 33 2.5.2 HSE abundances and ratios in the components .................................................. 35 2.5.3 Chalcogen element fractionations in EH3 chondrites ......................................... 39 2.5.4 Origin of components with CI chondrite-like compositions ............................... 44 2.5.5 Siderophile elements and EH chondrite formation models ................................ 44 2.6 Conclusions ........................................................................................................... 47 2.7 Tables Chapter 2 ................................................................................................... 49 2.8 Appendix Chapter 2 .............................................................................................. 53 3 Highly siderophile and chalcogen element constraints on the origin of of components of the Allende and Murchison meteorites ........................ 58 3.1 Abstract ................................................................................................................. 59 3.2 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 60 3.3 Sample preparation ............................................................................................... 62 3.4 Analytical Techniques .......................................................................................... 62 3.4.1 Analytical blanks ................................................................................................ 63 3.4.2 Precision and accuracy of measurements ........................................................... 63 3.5 Results ................................................................................................................... 63 3.5.1 Major element concentrations ............................................................................. 63 3.5.2 187Re-187Os systematics ....................................................................................... 65 3.5.3 HSE abundances ................................................................................................. 66 3.5.4 Chalcogen element abundances .......................................................................... 68 3.6 Discussion ............................................................................................................. 69 3.6.1 Major and minor element variations in the components and the influence of fof mineralogy ................................................................................................................... 69 3.6.2 187Re-187Os systematics ....................................................................................... 71 3.6.3 HSE abundance variations in the components .................................................... 72 3.6.4 Origin of chalcogen element variations .............................................................. 75 3.6.5 Main processes responsible for the element distribution in the components ...... 77 3.7 Conclusions ........................................................................................................... 78 3.8 Tables Chapter 3 ................................................................................................... 79 3.9 Appendix Chapter 3 .............................................................................................. 82 187 187 4 Re- Os systematics, highly siderophile and chalcogen element ni abundances in the components of unequilibrated L chondrites .......... 86 4.1 Abstract ................................................................................................................. 87 4.2 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 88 4.3 Samples and their preparation ............................................................................... 90 4.4 Analytical Techniques .......................................................................................... 92 II Contents 4.4.1 Analytical blanks ................................................................................................ 92 4.4.2 Reproducibility of Standards .............................................................................. 93 4.5 Results ................................................................................................................... 93 4.5.1 Major element abundances of the components ................................................... 93 4.5.2 187Re-187Os systematics ....................................................................................... 95 4.5.3 HSE abundances ................................................................................................. 96 4.5.4 Chalcogen element abundances .......................................................................
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