Moths of North Carolina - Early Draft 1

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Noctuidae Elaphria grata Grateful Midget Moth 30 n=36 ••• • • • • • • • • 20 High Mt. •• • • • • N • •• u 10 • • • • • m • • • • • • b • 0 • • e • • • • • • • r 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 • 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 NC counties: 53 • • • Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec • o • • 30 • • f n=70 • = Sighting or Collection Low Mt. High counts of: • • in NC since 2001 F 20 • = Not seen since 2001 l 25 - Stokes - 1996-09-10 • i 10 20 - Stokes - 1998-08-18 g Status Rank h 19 - Macon - 2000-06-11 0 NC US NC Global t 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 D Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec a 30 30 t n=120 n=119 e 20 Pd 20 CP s 10 10 0 0 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Three periods to each month: 1-10 / 11-20 / 21-31 FAMILY: Noctuidae SUBFAMILY: Noctuinae TRIBE: Elaphriini TAXONOMIC_COMMENTS: One of fourteen species in this genus that occur in North America north of Mexico (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010), nine of which have been recorded in North Carolina FIELD GUIDE DESCRIPTIONS: Covell (1984); Beadle and Leckie (2012) ONLINE PHOTOS: TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION, ADULTS: TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION, IMMATURE STAGES: ID COMMENTS: DISTRIBUTION: Please refer to the dot map. FLIGHT COMMENT: Please refer to the flight charts. HABITAT: Our records come from nearly all habitat types in the state, from maritime dunes on the barrier islands to spruce-fir forests on the summits of our highest mountains. Both open and forests habitats are used, bottomlands and dry ridges, peatlands, longleaf pine habitats, old fields and ruderal habitats. FOOD: Larval hosts still need to clarified but captive larvae feed on algae and fungi (Wagner et al., 2011) OBSERVATION_METHODS: NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM RANKS: STATE PROTECTION: Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands. COMMENTS: March 2021 The Moths of North Carolina - Early Draft 1.

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Insect Survey of Four Longleaf Pine Preserves
A SURVEY OF THE MOTHS, BUTTERFLIES, AND GRASSHOPPERS OF FOUR NATURE CONSERVANCY PRESERVES IN SOUTHEASTERN NORTH CAROLINA Stephen P. Hall and Dale F. Schweitzer November 15, 1993 ABSTRACT Moths, butterflies, and grasshoppers were surveyed within four longleaf pine preserves owned by the North Carolina Nature Conservancy during the growing season of 1991 and 1992. Over 7,000 specimens (either collected or seen in the field) were identified, representing 512 different species and 28 families. Forty-one of these we consider to be distinctive of the two fire- maintained communities principally under investigation, the longleaf pine savannas and flatwoods. An additional 14 species we consider distinctive of the pocosins that occur in close association with the savannas and flatwoods. Twenty nine species appear to be rare enough to be included on the list of elements monitored by the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (eight others in this category have been reported from one of these sites, the Green Swamp, but were not observed in this study). Two of the moths collected, Spartiniphaga carterae and Agrotis buchholzi, are currently candidates for federal listing as Threatened or Endangered species. Another species, Hemipachnobia s. subporphyrea, appears to be endemic to North Carolina and should also be considered for federal candidate status. With few exceptions, even the species that seem to be most closely associated with savannas and flatwoods show few direct defenses against fire, the primary force responsible for maintaining these communities. Instead, the majority of these insects probably survive within this region due to their ability to rapidly re-colonize recently burned areas from small, well-dispersed refugia.
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