Nakata Index

Index

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander astigmatism, 50 Commission, 148, 150 ATSIC, 148, 150 Aboriginal Industries Board, 135 auditory tests, 76–84, 91 Aboriginal people, differentiation of Augud, 112–13, 118–19 Torres Strait Islanders from, Australian mainland, see mainland 133–4, 173, 177 authority structures, 105–12 Aborigines Protection and Prevention see also Queensland government; of the Sale of Opium Act religion 1897–1901, 133–4 academy, see higher education; bartering, 121–2 research Bartlett, Frederick Charles, 109 acidity (taste), 90 bêche-de-mer fishing,see marine Ad, 118 industry administration of Islander affairs, Beckett, J, 143 129–51 beliefs, see religion adultery, 122–3 bicultural education, 173 aesthetics, 55–67 bile, association of words for colours agency, 205, 207–8, 216 with, 59 Agrawal, A, 187–8 bilingual education, 160, 172, 175–6 Agud (Augud), 112–13, 118–19 binocular vision, 68 algometers, 95, 99 biology, 44 Among the Cannibals of New Guinea, see also physiology and 15–17, 19–25 physiological investigations ancestor worship, 117–18 births, see childbirth and pregnancy animal totems/clan groups, 112–14 bisection of lines tests, 69–70 anthropology, 26–7, 101–28, 189 bitterness (taste), 90 biological sciences and, 44 Bjelke Petersen, Sir Joh, 141 national education policy black (colour), 61, 64, 65, 66 statement (1989) schema borrowed Bleakley, John William, 134, 140, from, 178 161 assimilation policies, 139–40 blindness, colour, 57–8, 75

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www.aboriginalstudiespress.com Nakata Index Index blood, association of word for ‘red’ infanticide and foeticide, 123, with, 59, 60, 61 124–6 blood feuds, 127 maternity allowances, 145 blood pressure, 98–100 children, 124–6 blue (colour), 57, 59, 60, 61–7 colour nomenclature, 58 yellow–blue blindness, 58 eyes’ physiological condition, 45 boats, 111 hearing, 80, 81, 83, 84 trade of canoes, 121 knowledge of kinship systems, see also company boats; marine 109–10 industry smell, 84–5, 87, 88 border issue, Australian–Papua New visual acuity, 47–8, 49–50 Guinea, 143 see also boys; girls Boxall, R & Duncan, W, 160 Christianity, 115, 125, 206 boys, 126 clothes worn to church, 66–7 dark, vision in, 50–1 see also missionaries eyes’ physiological condition, 46 Christie, Michael, 188 hearing, 79, 80 citizenship rights, 134, 140, 145–6 pain thresholds, 95–6 clans, 112–14 reaction times, 91 see also kinship systems size–weight illusions, 97 class, 156–8, 160 clothing, 120–1 smell, 85–6 worn to church, 66–7 spatial perception, 69–73 co-operation and unco-operation see also initiations (agency), 205, 207–8, 216 brain functions, 44 co-operative lugger schemes, see brightness, sensibility to, 52–3 company boats Brothers Grimm, 102–3 colonial institutions and processes, bulu-bulu, 62–3, 64 129–47, 201–7 in education, 160–72 Cambridge Anthropological Indigenous Knowledge and, Expedition, 26–128 182, 184 cannibalism, 16, 18–20, 21, 23, Islander lifeworlds in relation to, 25, 123 7–8 canoes, trade of, 121 see also nineteenth century; Cape York, 17, 32, 118, 148 Queensland government cargo cults, 169 colour, 56–67 Carter, P, 164 colour blindness, 57–8, 75 cash economy, 136–7 colour preference, 66–7 cataracts, 45 commerce and trade, 121–2, 134–5 Catholic Convent School, Thursday Commonwealth government, Island, 4, 6 139–41, 145, 147–51, 158, cerebral cortex, 44 177–81 ceremonies, 106–7, 115–19, 127 communication technology, 174 funerals, 125 community development, 140–1, see also initiations 178 Charles Eaton, 18–19, 123 company boats, 134–5, 136, 137, childbirth and pregnancy, 116 146, 161

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Maritime Strike 1936, 131, discipline and regulation, 129–51, 138–9, 143, 145 180–1 comparative studies, 30, 32–128 discontinuity and continuity, conjunctivas, 45–6 141–74, 204–7 conservation and environment, dissection of lines tests, 69–70 149–50, 183–4, 187 distance hearing, 77–8 continuity and discontinuity, distance vision (hypermetropia), 49, 141–74, 204–7 50, 53–4 corneas, 45–6 distances, estimation of, 68–75 Council system, 131, 132, 145, 148 diving, affect on hearing of, 77, 81–2 counting tests, 48 divorce, 124 Creole (Kriol), 6, 176 ‘domestic morality’, 122–3 Cultural Interface, 195–212, Douglas, John, 134 215–16, 219–21 Duncan, W & Boxall, R, 160 Cultural Studies, 157–8 culture, 9–10, 158–9 E method visual acuity tests, 47, 48, bicultural education, 173 49, 52–3 detachment of conceptualisation earnings, 134, 136–7, 161–2 of Indigenous Knowledge from, ears and hearing, 76–84, 91 184, 189 eastern Islands and Islanders, see Indigenous students’ knowledge Murray Island of, 219–22 education, 5, 23, 145, 146–7, in policy, 177–81 155–81 see also Indigenous Knowledge; cultural paradigm (culturalism), Islander culture; lifeworlds 9–10 curfews, 131, 137 evangelical, 20, 23, 174 curricula, 6, 155, 159, 160, 168 higher education, 219, 224; magicians, 115–16 incorporation of Indigenous Nakata family, 1–11 Knowledge, 188–92 employment, 131, 135–7, 168, 178 cutaneous sensations, 92–6 see also marine industry English as a Second Language (ESL), dark, vision in, 50–1 165, 172, 175–6 Darnley Island, 16–17, 20 English language, 4, 6, 147, 160 Council, 146 colour nomenclature, 59, 60 Dauar, 127 as language of instruction, 159, Dawes, G & Osborne, B, 165 161–2, 170, 172–7 deafness and hearing, 76–84, 91 Snellen’s letter test-types, 47–8 death, 117–18 environment and conservation, infanticide and foeticide, 123, 149–50, 183–4, 187 124–6 environmental factors as explanation see also warfare and fighting of intellectual development, 156–8 deities, see religion Erub, see Darnley Island Department of Employment, ethical codes, 119–27 Education and Training, 177–81 ethnology, 27, 101–28 development literature, 183–7 etiquette, 110–11, 143–4 dialects, see languages and linguistics Europeans, 143–4, 146

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first contact, 15–25; Haddon’s Germany, 102–3 reconstruction of Islander society ghosts, 117–18 before, 104–7, 121 girls, 124 reincarnation of Islanders as, 117 hearing, 79 teachers, 167–8 infanticide, 123, 125, 126 the exotic, 177, 180 spatial perception, 72–3 eyes and seeing, 43–75, 91 gods, see religion Eyzaguirre, Pablo B, 186 golegole, 64 government teacher-supervisors, 131, family histories (genealogies), 109, 137, 138 113, 126 grammar, 32–41 Nakata family, 2–7, 141 green (colour), 59, 60, 61, 64 see also kinship systems preference for, 66, 67 Federal government, 139–41, 145, red–green blindness, 57 147–51, 158, 177–81 Grimm Brothers, 102–3 feeling and touch, 92–8, 100 grounded theory, 165–7 females, see women Guillery’s method, 48 feminist standpoint theory, 213 feuds, 127 Haddon, Alfred Cort, 27–9, 101–8, fighting,see warfare and fighting 112–27 finances, 4, 146 linguistic work, 60 wages and earnings, 134, 136–7, smelling tests on, 86 161–2 vision tests on, 50 Finch, N, 160, 174 Hasluck, Paul, 139–40 finger nail pain thresholds, 95–6 head hunting, 18, 123, 127 fishing, 111, 149–50 hearing, 76–84, 91 see also marine industry Heath, S, 174 Fletcher, J, 156 Hering’s fall experiment, 68 flower names, 60 heroes, 118, 120–1 foeticide and infanticide, 123, 124–6 High Court Mabo decision, 143 folktales and myths, 102–5, 118–19, high school education, 6, 7, 145 121, 124 high tones, hearing of, 81–3 forehead/forefinger nail pain higher education, 2–3, 8–11, thresholds, 95–6 218–25 Frazer, Sir James, 113 incorporation of Indigenous freedom of movement, 6, 131, Knowledge into, 182–92 137, 149 see also research Freire, P, 157 Hill-Barnard sphygmometer, 99 funeral ceremonies, 125 history, 2–7 educational discourse, 155–81 G, Mary, 216–17 of languages, 32–41, 102–3 gall bladder, association of words for ‘past’ and ‘present’, 201–7 colours with, 59 see also Islander history Galton whistle, 81 HMS Rattlesnake, 17 Ganter, R, 134, 135, 143 Holmgren’s red-green blindness genealogies, see family histories test, 57

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House of Representatives Standing Commonwealth government Committee on Aboriginal and policy, 150–1, 177–81 Torres Strait Islander Affairs MacFarlane’s perception of, 16, report, 150–1 19–20, 21–4 housing, 46 Islander education, see education human rights discourse, 139, 156, Islander history, 2–7, 15–25, 129–51 158 Cambridge Reports as sources, 28 humour, 216–17 education, 6, 145, 155, 159–72, hunting, 111 174; Naghir Island, 5 hypermetropia, 49, 50, 53–4 Haddon’s reconstruction of pre- contact society, 104–7, 121 icons, 118–19 theoretical constructions, 201–7 ideology, 177 see also family histories illusions, 44, 67–85 size–weight, 96–8, 100 Jackson, John Hughlings, 44 imi, 111–12 Jukes, Joseph Beete, 21 incest, 122 Indigenous humour, 216–17 kinship systems, 109–12, 113 Indigenous Knowledge (local parent–child relationship, 123, knowledge), 1–3, 182–92, 219–25 124–6 visual powers and, 53–6 see also marriage Indigenous standpoint theory, Kiwai Islanders, 47, 57–8, 63–4, 67 213–17 knowledge systems, 1–3, 8–11, indigo (colour), 66 169–71, 182–92, 197–207 indirect rule, 130–1 culture in policy and, 180–1 industry, see marine industry Indigenous epistemological basis, infanticide, 123, 124–6 219–20 initiations, 111, 119, 124 middle class as normative, 156–8 magicians, 115 see also lifeworlds Pulu, 123 kogem, 123 integration policies, 140–1 kosekerlam, 123 intellectual property and Indigenous Kriol (Torres Strait Creole), 6, 176 Knowledge, 185–6 kuasar-kupa, 123 intelligence and intellectual kulka, 60 development, 55, 98–100, 155–7 kupa-kuasar, 122–3 Island Coordinating Council system, 148 labour, 131, 135–7, 168, 178 Island Council system, 131, 132, see also marine industry 145, 148 land rights, 143, 181 Island Funds, 136 languages and linguistics, 10, 32–41, Island Industries Board, 135 160, 172–7 ‘Island Law’, 138 documented by missionaries, 23 ‘Island police’, 131, 138 Grimm’s Law, 102–3 Islander agency, 205, 207–8, 216 Haddon’s rendering and distilling Islander culture, 9–10, 101–28, of folktales and myths, 103–4 142–4, 195–212 Torres Strait Creole (Kriol), 6, 176

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see also English language; MacGillivray, John, 17–18, 21, 117, nomenclature; oral traditions; Ray, 118, 122, 123 Sidney H magic and maidelaigs, 113, 114–17, lease arrangements, Nakata family’s 125, 206 islands, 3, 4, 6, 141 mainland, 17, 131, 148 legislation, 77, 130–1, 133–4, 148, languages, 32; colour 149–50 nomenclature, 64 ‘Island Law’, 138 pre-contact trade with, 121 length, estimation of, 69–75 religion, 118 letter test-types, 47–8 schools, 6, 7 lifeworlds, 7–8, 130, 197–201 males, see men colour nomenclature reflecting, maludgamulnga, 64 59–60, 62–3 mamus system, 131 hearing and, 77–8 mari, 117 language communities and, 38–9 marine industry, 5, 6, 149–50 smell and, 89 Nakata family fleet, 3, 4 in Watson’s linear model of workforce, 29, 131, 133–4, 136; language, 172, 173–6 divers, 77, 81–2 lines, spatial perception tests see also boats; company boats involving, 69–72 Maritime Strike 1936, 131, 138–9, linguistics, see languages and 143, 145 linguistics ‘the mark’, 155 literacy, 4, 47–8, 174–5, 176 markai, 117 local knowledge, see Indigenous marriage, 122, 137 Knowledge couples’ colour preferences, 66 London Missionary Society (LMS), kinship and, 110, 111–12 15–17, 19–25, 131, 167 Pulu, 123 formal education provided by, 3, totemic system, 113 20, 23, 174 see also childbirth and pregnancy Walker, Rev Fred, 134–5, 146 Marxism and the Philosophy of long-distance hearing, 77–8 Language, 39 long-distance vision (hypermetropia), Mary G, 216–17 49, 50, 53–4 massacre of Charles Eaton shipwreck Lovibond’s Tintometer, 65–6 survivors, 18–19, 123 Lu babat, 118 Masson’s Disc test, 52–3 luggers, see company boats maternity allowances, 145 mathematics education, Watson’s Mabo judgment, 143 approach to, 172–5 Mabuiag Island/Islanders, 42, 116 McDougall, Dr William, 27–9, 42, colour nomenclature, 61, 63, 64 89–90, 92–100 hearing, 79, 80 McInnes, A, 18 kinship system, 111–12 meaning (semantics), 38–9, 173–4 taste, 90 measles, 76–7 visual acuity, 47, 51 memory, 58–9, 88–9 Macedo, Donald, 162 men, 103, 116 MacFarlane, Rev Samuel, 15–17, colour nomenclature, 58–9 19–25 colour preferences, 66, 67

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eyes’ physiological condition, cultural movements assumed from 45, 46 folktales and myths, 104, 105 hearing, 81 eyes’ physiological condition, 45 kinship, 110, 111–12 families and population control, pain thresholds, 95–6 126 reaction times, 91 hearing, 76–84, 91 size–weight illusions, 97–8 language, 32–7, 40; adultery, smell, 86–8 words for, 123; colour spatial perception, 69–74 nomenclature, 58–65 tactile discrimination, 93–4 pain thresholds, 95–6 taste, 90 reaction times, 91–2 see also boys; marriage smell, 85–8 mental development and intelligence, social groupings, 108 55, 98–100, 155–7 spatial perception, 69–74 Mer, see Murray Island tactile discrimination, 94 Mills, Frank, 4–6, 141 taste, 90 Mills, James, 3–4, 5 temperament, 127 Miriam people, see Murray Island trade, 121–2 missionaries, 15–25, 118, 125 visual acuity, 47, 49, 50, 51, 91 Catholic Convent School, Myers, Dr Charles S, 27–9, 42, Thursday Island, 4, 6 76–92, 100, 114 influences noted yb Haddon, myopia, 49–50, 51 120–1 myths and folktales, 102–5, 118–19, see also London Missionary Society 121, 124 Moa Island, 174 money, see finances Naghir Island, 3–6 morality, 119–27 nails, pain thresholds for, 95–6 mother-of-pearl shell industry, Nakata family, 1–11, 141 see marine industry naming systems, see nomenclature movement, freedom of, 6, 131, 137, National Aboriginal and Torres Strait 149 Islander Education Policy, 177–81 Müller–Lyer Illusion test, 69, 72–4 Native Title, 150 Mullins, S, 164 Mabo judgment, 143 Murray, Mr, 20 neurology, 44 Murray Island (Mer) and Miriam New Guinea, see Papua New Guinea people (eastern Islands and New South Wales Department of Islanders), 17–18, 60, 141, 147 Education, 155–6 Council, 145, 146 nightly curfews, 131, 137 see also London Missionary Society 1912 Island Fund, 136 Murray Island (Mer) and nineteenth century, 15–25, 130–1, Miriam people (eastern Islands 133–4 and Islanders), Cambridge Cambridge Anthropological Anthropological Expedition tests Expedition, 26–128 and observations on, 27–8, 42 legislation, 77, 130–1, 133 colour blindness, 57–8, 75 see also London Missionary Society counting, 48 ‘noble savage’, 21–2

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www.aboriginalstudiespress.com Nakata Index Index nomenclature (vocabulary), 35, Papuan Industries Limited (PIL), 36, 55 135, 146 adultery, terms for, 122–3 Papuan Institute, establishment of, colour terms, 56–67 20–1 counting terms, 48 parent–child relationship, 123, ghost (markai) and spirit (mari), 124–6 distinction between, 117 parturition, see childbirth and kinship terms, 109–10 pregnancy Saussure’s contentions, 38 ‘past’ and ‘present’, 201–7 taste terms, 90 pay and earnings, 134, 136–7, totems and icons, terms for, 161–2 111–12, 118–19 pearling industry, see marine industry Non-government Organisations peripheral retinas, vision of, 65–6 (NGOs), 183, 184–5 personal names, 109, 110 nostrils, 84 personal relationships, 122–7 nudity, 120–1 see also kinship systems; marriage; numbers and counting, 48 warfare and fighting perspective, see standpoints O’Leary, Cornelius, 138–9 philology, 33–4, 57, 59, 63 olfactory tests, 84–9 physiology and physiological oral traditions, 3, 172–7 investigations, 42–3, 76–100 myths and folktales, 102–5, of eye, 44–6, 65–6, 68, 71–2; 118–19, 121, 124 refraction, 49, 51 see also Indigenous Knowledge pinguicula, 45–6 orange (colour), 60, 61 pink (colour), 61, 66 Orr, K & Williamson, A, 160 Osborne, B and Dawes, G, 165 pitch, differences in, 82–3 ‘Other’, 195–6, 200–1 political autonomy, 143, 145, the exotic, 177, 180 147–51, 200 lower class, 156–8 Politzer’s Hormesser, 78, 79 otorrhoea, 76 population control (infanticide), ownership of Indigenous Knowledge, 123, 124–6 185–6 post-colonial critiques, 164 pre-contact society, Haddon’s Pacific Islanders,see South Sea reconstruction of, 104–7, 121 (Pacific) Islanders pregnancy, see childbirth and pain thresholds, 95–6, 100 pregnancy Papua New Guinea, 88 ‘present’ and ‘past’, 201–7 border issue, 143 printed material, 174–5 Cambridge Anthropological protection of Indigenous Knowledge, Expedition in, 28, 32; tests carried 185–6 out on Kiwai Islanders, 47, 57–8, Protectors and protectionist policies, 63–4, 67 6, 131–46 London Missionary Society in, 15, missionaries, 20–1, 24–5 20, 23 psychology and psychological trade with, 121 investigations, 26–7, 42–75, 158

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environmental factors as clothes worn to church, 66–7 explanation of intellectual see also missionaries development, 156–8 research, 195–225 into languages, 32–41 Cambridge Anthropological pterygium, 45–6 Expedition, 26–128 Pulu, 123 educational, 155–81 pupils (eyes), 46 incorporation of Indigenous purple (colour), 61, 66 Knowledge into scientific corpus, puru, 122 182–92 retinas, vision of peripheral, 65–6 quarrels, settling of, 127 rights, 6, 131–2, 140–1, 145–6, see also warfare and fighting 147–51 Queensland government, 6, 29, Government Resident Douglas’ 130–49, 208 opinion, 134 dealings with Nakata family, 3, 4, over Indigenous Knowledge, 5, 141 185–6 educational policies, 6, 155, 159, Rivers, Dr William HR, 27–9, 167–8 42–75, 89, 127 legislation, 77, 130–1, 133–4 anthropological work, 101, 108–14, 124 racism, 3–4, 168, 203 hearing tests on, 79–80 see also Protectors and protectionist smelling tests on, 86, 87 policies Royal Commission into Aboriginal Rattlesnake, 17 Deaths in Custody, 151 Ray, Sidney H, 28–9, 32–41, 64 Runne’s clock, 78–9 Islander terms for ‘adultery’, 122–3 Ryan, W, 156–67 Islander words corresponding with ‘bitter’, 90 Saibai Island, 112 kulka, 60 saltiness (taste), 90 markai (‘ghost’) and mari (‘spirit’), Samoa, Jimmy, 3–4, 5 distinction between, 117 Sarawak, 28 reaction times, 90, 91–2 Sassoon, Siegfried, 127 reading (literacy), 4, 47–8, 174–5, Saussure, Ferdinand de, 33, 37–9, 41 176 schooling, see education red (colour), 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 65 scientific research,see research preference for, 66, 67 sea, association of word for ‘blue’ red–green blindness, 57 with, 60, 61, 62 refraction of eye, 49, 51 sea cucumber fishing,see marine Regional Assembly, 151 industry regional (political) autonomy, 143, sea rights, 150, 181 145, 147–51, 200 Second World War, 139, 143, regulation and discipline, 129–51, 144–5, 162 180–1 secondary education, 6, 7, 145 reincarnation, 117 seeing and vision, 43–75, 91 relations, see kinship systems segregation and separate religion, 112–19, 206 development, 131, 136–41

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in schooling, 6, 167, 168 spiritualism, see religion self-employment, 135–6 squints, 45 self-management, 140–1, 147–51, standpoint theory, 213–17 178 standpoints, Islander/Indigenous, Seligmann, Charles S, 28–9, 42, 100 1–2, 142–7, 196–7, 203–4, anthropological work, 101, 124; 208–17 magic and religion, 114, 116–18; consideration by educational taboos, 107, 108 historians, 160–3, 170–1 hearing tests on, 80 culture as disciplinary concept taste experiments, 89–90 and, 180–1 semantics, 38–9, 173–4 state dependency, 136–8 sensitivity to pain, 95–6, 100 stealing, 122 separate development, see segregation strabismus, 45 and separate development susceptibility to pain, 95–6, 100 sexual relations, 108, 113, 122–3, suserisuseri, 64 137 sweetness (taste), 90 see also marriage symbolic interactionist sociology, Sharp, Noni, 130, 138–9, 141–4 165–7 shipwrecks, 18–19, 123 synchronic dimensions of languages, Shnukal, Anna, 173 39–40 short-sightedness (myopia), 49–50, 51 taboos, 107–8, 113, 119 sight and vision, 43–75, 91 tactile discrimination, 92–5 size–weight illusions, 96–8, 100 taste, 89–90 skin sensations, 92–6 teacher-supervisors, 131, 137, 138 skulls, preservation of, 117–18 teacher training, 160, 167 sliding rule estimates, 72–4 Murray Island institute, 174 smell, 84–9 teachers, 1, 6, 160, 167–8 Snellen’s letter test-types, 47–8 English as a Second Language, 165 Snellen’s No. LIV method, 48 Naghir Island, 4, 5 social etiquette, 110–11, 143–4 see also curricula social organisation, 101–28 temperament, 92, 123, 126–7, 156 MacFarlane’s observations, 21–4 clan members, 113–14 see also standpoints see also warfare and fighting sociology, 158 temperature spots on skin, 95 symbolic interactionist, 165–7 terra nullius, 143 sorcery/magic, 113, 114–17, testing of Torres Strait Islanders, 125, 206 42–100 souls, 117 theft, 122 South Sea (Pacific) Islanders, 20, theoretical constructions, 195–217 127, 146 thresholds of pain, 95–6, 100 in marine industry, 133 Thursday Island, 1, 5, 137, 148 spatial perception, 67–85 Cambridge Anthropological speech, see languages and linguistics Expedition on, 29, 77 sphygmometers, 99 Government Resident, 131, 134 spirits (mari), 117 schools, 4, 6–7

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www.aboriginalstudiespress.com Nakata Index Index tintometer tests, 65–6 Walker, Rev Fred, 134–5, 146 tone-difference, 82–3 warfare and fighting, 114, 123–4, Torres Strait, 18 127 Torres Strait Creole (Kriol), 6, 176 beliefs and ceremonies Torres Strait Regional Authority accompanying, 108, 116 (TSRA), 148 cannibalism, 16, 18–20, 21, 23, totems and totemism, 112–14, 25, 123 118–19 water, association of word for ‘blue’ touch and feeling, 92–8, 100 with, 60, 61, 62, 64 trade and commerce, 121–2, 134–5 Watson, Helen, 172–5 traditional ceremonies, see weight, discrimination of small ceremonies differences in, 96–8, 100 traditional knowledge, see Indigenous welfare state dependency, 136–8 Knowledge Wemyss, Thomas, 18–19, 123 transmigration of souls, 117 western Islands and Islanders, 104–5 travel restrictions, 6, 131, 137, 149 Augud, 112–13, 118–19 trepang fishing,see marine industry colour blindness, 57–8 tuning forks, 82–3 kinship system, 109–12 language, 32–7, 40; adultery, United Nations, 183–6 words for, 122–3; colour United Nations Development nomenclature, 61 Programme (UNDP), 184 trade, 121 United Nations Educational, see also Mabuiag Island/Islanders Scientific and Cultural white men, see Europeans Organisations (UNESCO), 156 Whitlam government, 140–1, 158 university education, see higher Wilkin, Anthony, 28–9, 101, 114, education 122, 123–4 upper limit of hearing, 81–2 Williamson, A, 160–72 women Verran, Helen, 188 colour nomenclature, 58 vertical line drawing tests, 70–2 colour preferences, 66–7 viewpoint, see standpoints eyes’ physiological condition, 46 violet (colour), 57, 60, 61, 66 married, 110, 122 vision and seeing, 43–75, 91 size–weight illusions, 97, 98 visual acuity, 46–54 see also childbirth and pregnancy; visual illusions, 44, 67–85 marriage visual powers, 53–6 words, see nomenclature visual purple, 51 World War II, 139, 143, 144–5, 162 vocabulary, see nomenclature Volosinov, Valentin Nikolaevič, 39 yellow (colour), 59, 60, 61, 65 ‘voodoo dolls’, 116 preference for, 66, 67 yellow–blue blindness, 58 wages and earnings, 134, 136–7, 161–2 Zogo, 118–19

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