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Idea of Radical Media / Ideja Radikalnih Medija

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Idea of Radical Media / Ideja Radikalnih Medija Idea of radical media / Ideja radikalnih medija Idea of radical media / Ideja radikalnih medija Idea of Radical Media / Ideja radikalnih medija reader / zbornik multimedijalni institut, Zagreb, 2013. editors / urednici: Tomislav medak & Petar milat english proofreading / engleska lektura: Jane Warrilow, Ivana Ivković publisher / izdavač: multimedijalni institut Preradovićeva 18 Hr-10000 Zagreb tel: +385-(0)1-4856400 fax: +385-(0)1-4855729 email: [email protected] http://www.mi2.hr design: ruta printing / tiskara: Tiskara Zelina d.d. print run / naklada: 500 multimedijalni institut ISBN: 978-953-7372-10-1 This book is published within the project Aesthetic Education Expanded, a joint project by multimedia Institute, Kuda.org, Berliner Gazette, Kontrapunkt and mute. Project supported by the program Culture 2007 - 2013 of the European Union and by Balkan Incentive Fund for Culture of the European Cultural Foundation. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the European Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. The publication is supported by the ministry of Culture of republic of Croatia and the Office for Education, Culture and Sport of the City of Zagreb. Idea of Radical Media / Ideja radikalnih medija Contents 8 Introduction trajectories of critical media cultures: 16 Clemens Apprich: The Truth Games of radical Net Cultures 42 Eric Kluitenberg: Charting Hybridised realities: Tactical Cartographies for a Densified Present screen and capture: 60 Jodi Dean: Communicative Capitalism: This is What Democracy Looks Like 74 Matteo Pasquinelli: The Number of the Collective Beast: The Substance of Value in the Age of the Institutions of ranking and rating new media and other media: 94 Branka C´urcˇic´: What is radical in ‘radical media’? A Different, Surrealists Kind of Proposal 114 Alessandro Ludovico: Printed radicality 132 Anthony Iles: Media, Secession and recession 164 Joanne Richardson: Making Films Politically periphery, opposition, appopriation: 192 Vera Tollmann: Screenshots of China’s Internet: About Hybrid Video Tactics 218 Katarina Peovic´ Vukovic´: The Dynamics of Culture. What Can We Learn from raymond Williams? 236 Ana Peraica: Massive Spamming Sadržaj 7 uvod putanje kritičkih medijskih kultura: 15 Clemens Apprich: Igre istine u radikalnim mrežnim kulturama 41 Eric Kluitenberg: Kartiranje hibridiziranih stvarnosti: taktilne kartogra∫je za zgusnutu sadašnjost ekran i uhvaćenost: 59 Jodi Dean: Komunikacijski kapitalizam: tako izgleda demokracija 73 Matteo Pasquinelli: Brojka kolektivne životinje: Supstanca vrijednosti u doba institucija rangiranja i rejtinga novi mediji i drugi mediji: 93 Branka Ćurčić: Šta je radikalno u “radikalnim medijima”? Drugačiji, nadrealistički predlog 113 Alessandro Ludovico: Tiskana radikalnost 131 Anthony Iles: Mediji, secesija i recesija 163 Joanne Richardson: Raditi ∫lmove politički periferija, opozicija, aproprijacija: 191 Vera Tollmann: Pogled u svijet kineskog interneta: o hibridnim video taktikama 217 Katarina Peović Vuković: Dinamika kulture. Što možemo naučiti od Raymonda Williamsa? 235 Ana Peraica: Massive Spamming tomislav medak Uvod tvorili ste zbornik konferencije Ideja radikalnih medija koja je u or- ganizaciji Multimedijalnog instituta održana 7.-8. lipnja 2013. u O Zagrebu. Konferencija je nastala u kontekstu izložbe Izgledi Arkzina i medijske akcije Instaliranje javnosti kojima smo željeli revalorizi- rati fenomen Arkzina dva desetljeća kasnije. Arkzinov izdavački i aktivistički rad anticipirao je i reΩektirao taktičke medijske prakse koje su se početkom 1990-ih kristalizirale u susretu političkog tre- nutka - obilježenog postsocijalističkom tranzicijom, jugoslaven- skim ratovima i alterglobalisitčkim otporom - s tehnološkom poja- vom interneta. No, cilj konferencije i zbornika postavljen je obuhvatnije. S jedne strane, željeli smo sagledati kako su se radikalne medijske prakse na planu umjetnosti, javne komunikacije i političkog rada djelatno artikulirale i diskurzivno reartikulirale kroz posljednja dva desetljeća. A, s druge strane, preispitati sam pojam radikalnih me- dija iz jedne šire historijske perspektive kao i kritičke perspektive sadašnjeg društvenog trenutka. Do sredine devedesetih internet je već ušao u široku svakod- nevnu upotrebu, otvarajući perspektivu radikalno demokratizirane javne komunikacije. Komunikacijske inovacije tijekom 20. stoljeća uvijek su budile nadanja da ćemo konačno dobiti dvosmjerni medij u kojem će se svatko moći obraćati najširoj javnosti. Međutim, te su nade uobičajeno ubrzo bivale iznevjerene konkretnom primjenom koja je redovito rezultirala upravo većom komercijalnom i politič- kom kontrolom nad medijskim prostorom. Ovog puta je trebalo biti drugačije. u tehnološkom pogledu distribuirano i u društve- nom karakteru kolektivno ustrojstvo interneta nudilo je razloge za Tomislav Medak Introduction You are leafing through However, the conference the reader of the Idea of and the reader have a broader l Radical Media confer- aim. On the one hand, we wanted ence, held June 7-8, 2013 in Za- to look back at the practical artic- greb and organized by the multi- ulations and discursive re-articu- media Institute. The conference lations of radical media practices took place in the context of the in arts, mass communication and political work exhibition Prospects of Arkzin and over the last two decades. On the other, to re- the media action Installing the Pub- asses the notion of radical media from a broad- lic, both revisiting the Arkzin phe- er historical perspective and the critical per- nomenon two decades later. Arkzin spective of the current political moment. was a collective and a publication By mid 1990s the internet was making its that emerged out of the Anti-War way into everybody’s lives, beckoning with a Campaign in the early 1990s and prospect of a radically democratic form of pub- gave a theoretical and polemical lic communication. Innovations in mass com- voice to anti-nationalist positions. munication in the 20th century have always The publishing and activist prac- stirred the hopes that we would finally see a tices of Arkzin anticipated and re- two-way medium where everybody would be flected the practices of tactical able to speak to the broadest public. However, media that were crystallizing from these hopes were always curtailed by their im- a particular confluence of a politi- plementation, resulting in ever growing com- cal moment marked by the post- mercial and political domination over the me- socialist transition, post-Yugoslav dia. This time it seemed it would be different. conflicts and alter-globalist con- The technologically distributed and socially testations, and a technological collective character of the internet gave rea- moment of the rise of early Net. son to believe that finally we would stop hat- ing the media, and start becoming the media. vjeru da će ovo konačno biti trenutak kada ćemo moći prestati mr- ziti medije i prihvatiti se zadatka da postanemo mediji. u nekim aspektima to se doista i dogodilo. Internet je radikalno demokrati- zirao priliku za javni govor i pospješio mogućnosti političkog orga- niziranja. I dok je tako olakšavao razmjenu i koordinaciju u global- nim razmjerima, istodobno je poticao stvaranje novih oblika druš- tvenog organiziranja i angažmana u posve lokalnim razmjerima. Dapače, upravo je kritička oštrica internetskih praksi često bila u većoj mjeri vezana uz ∫zički prostor i stare medije kao tisak no što se to moglo pretpostaviti. Međutim, mnogo toga se promijenilo od devedesetih. Budući da su tehnološke promjene uzdrmale društvene i ekonomske pret- postavke starih medija, logika kojom je tehnološki razvoj podčinjen primarno zakonitostima kapitalističkog tržišta i ekspanzije nalaga- la je da i tehnološki razvoj interneta krene drugim smjerom - od obećanja mnoštva neovisnih medijskih proizvođača na imperativ praćenja i komodi∫kacije ponašanja korisnika. Kao što su nedavna otkrića Edwarda Snowdena potvrdila, tehnologija demokratizacije pokazala se tehnologijom masovnog nadzora i betoniranja našeg pristanka na masovni nadzor. Ni internetska tehnologija nije se pokazala narodnom tehni- kom, kao što tehnologije u vladajućim uvjetima to ni ne mogu po- stati bez kolektivnih praksi prisvajanja i podruštvljenja. Tu se ocrta- va nedaća naše trenutačne situacije: u trenutku kada je kritička analiza i radikalna praksa isto tako urgentno potrebna kao i prije dvadeset godina, mi na potencijal radikalnih medija gledamo bitno skeptičnije. Prilozi sabrani u ovom zborniku, iza kojih stoje neki od prota- gonista kritičke medijske prakse i diskursa proteklih dvaju desetlje- ća, pokušaj su da se rasvijetli upravo taj povijesni luk i promisli ta nedaća sadašnjeg trenutka. And so - in some ways - it did happen. The in- This technology would turn ternet democratized public speech and cata- out not to be people’s technology lyzed capacities for political assembly in radi- after all, as technologies in gov- cal ways. As it enabled exchange and coordina- erning social relations never tend tion on a global scale, it also helped new forms to be without collective practices of social organization and contestation emerge of re-purposing or socialization. on very local levels. In fact, the cutting edge of And this prefigures the predica- internet practices were more frequently relat- ment of our present situation ed to physical space and paper than one would when we regard with more sobri- have thought. ety than ever before over the last
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